identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
A43F87EEDE06FFFB84BAFAAC79CDFB67.text	A43F87EEDE06FFFB84BAFAAC79CDFB67.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scopogonalia Young 1977	<div><p>Genus Scopogonalia Young, 1977</p> <p>(Figures 1–11)</p> <p>Type species</p> <p>Tettigonia subolivacea Stål, 1862</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Small sharpshooters (4.6–7.7 mm) with dark brown to black macula on transition from crown to face; median and internal anteapical cells of fore wings open basally; male pygofer with long and slender process arising from ventral margin, apex of process brush-like or acute (in S. golbachi); connective long; paraphyses branched dorsoventrally</p> <p>at base, with dorsal and ventral branches articulated, respectively, with base of aedeagus and apex of connective, with two rami apically or only one (in S. interruptula).</p> <p>Comment</p> <p>The basally open median and internal anteapical cells of the fore wings resulted as two apomorphies of the genus (Leal 2014).</p> <p>Length. 4.6–7.7 mm.</p> <p>External morphology</p> <p>Head (Figures 1, 2A, 3, 6A, 7A, 8A, 9A, 10A, 11A) slightly to moderately produced anteriorly, median length of crown from 2/5 to 2/3 interocular width and from 1/4 to 2/5 transocular width; anterior margin, in dorsal view, narrowly or broadly rounded; without carina at transition from crown to face; ocelli located behind or aligned to anterior eye angles, each closer to adjacent anterior eye angle than to median line of crown, or equidistant between them; surface usually with slight concavity transversally to ocelli, without median fovea, without sculpturing or setae; frontogenal sutures extending onto crown and attaining ocelli; antennal ledges, in dorsal view, not protuberant and, in lateral view, with anterior margin convex; face without pubescence; frons convex, muscle impressions not distinct; epistomal suture complete; clypeus not strongly produced, its profile continuing contour of frons. Thorax (Figures 1, 2A, 3, 6A, 7A, 8A, 9A, 10A, 11A) with pronotum width approximately equal to or less than transocular width; lateral margins slightly convergent anteriorly or parallel; dorsopleural carinae complete; posterior margin slightly concave; disc without punctures and almost always not rugose, glabrous; mesonotum with scutellum almost always not striate. Fore wings hyaline or opaque, without sculpturing, with membrane including all four apical cells and extending anteriorly along costal margin to basal half of wing, occasionally including apical portion of anteapical cells; veins distinct or not; with four apical cells, base of third more distal than bases of second and fourth; internal and median anteapical cells open basally; without anteapical plexus of veins; fore wing of female, in rest position, exceeding apex of ovipositor. Hind legs with femoral setal formula 2:1:1; length of first tarsomere equal to or (more commonly) greater than combined length of two more distal tarsomeres and with two parallel longitudinal rows of small setae on plantar surface.</p> <p>Male genitalia</p> <p>Pygofer (Figures 2C, 4A, 6B, 7B, 8B, 9B, 10B, 11B) moderately produced posteriorly (exception: S. dolixoura sp. nov., in which it is strongly produced; Figure 9B); narrowly convex posterodorsally, posteroventral margin broadly convex; with numerous macrosetae on posterior 2/3 of disc; with slender process arising from ventral margin, extending posteriorly or posterodorsally, with sclerotized brush-like structure at apex, except in S. golbachi, where apex is acute. Subgenital plates (Figures 2D, 4B, 6C, 7C, 8C, 9C, 10C, 11C) broadly triangular, not extending posteriorly as far as apex of pygofer, each tapered from its apical half; with macrosetae usually multiseriate near base and uniseriate towards apex. Styles (Figures 2E, 4C, 6D, 7D, 8D, 9D, 10D, 11D) with or without preapical lobe, not extending posteriorly as far as apex of connective. Connective (Figures 2E, 4C, 6D, 7D, 8D, 9D, 11D) slender, Y-shaped. Aedeagus curved dorsally (Figures 2F, 4D, 5, 6E, 7E, 8E, 9E, 11E) or ventrally (Figure 10E); with one or more processes. Paraphyses (Figures 2F, 4D, 5, 6E, 7E–F, 8–11E) with dorsoventral branching at base, articulated with base of aedeagus and apex of connective by dorsal and ventral branches, respectively; with pair of apical lateral rami (except in S. interruptula with single ramus; Figure 4C).</p> <p>Female genitalia</p> <p>Abdominal sternite VII strongly produced posteriorly and gradually narrowed; posterior margin concave (Figures 2G, 6F, 10F, 11F) or convex (Figures 7G, 8F). ‘Internal’ abdominal sternite VIII located dorsally at base of ovipositor, with sclerites. Pygofer narrowed and subacute apically; with macrosetae on posterior half. Valvulae I slightly curved, with dorsal and ventral margins approximately parallel, apex acute; dorsal and ventral sculptured areas covered with scale-like structures arranged in oblique lines; ventral sculptured area restricted to apex and dorsal sculptured area from just posterior to basal curvature to apex. Valvulae II (Figures 2H, 6G, 7H–K, 8G–J, 10G, 11G–J) expanded beyond basal curvature; dorsal margin approximately parallel to ventral margin (Figures 2H, 6G, 10G) or convex (Figures 7H, 8G); preapical prominence distinct (Figure 11J) or not (Figures 7K, 8J); apex narrow; primary teeth all triangular (Figures 7I–J, 8H–I) or inclined trapezoid on basal and median portions (Figure 11H), becoming triangular towards apex (Figure 11I); first ones with flat posterior area, which becomes gradually smaller towards apex, where it is absent; denticles on all teeth and on apical portion; ventral dentate apical area greater than (Figure 11J), equal to (Figure 7K) or smaller (Figure 8J) than dorsal one.</p> <p>Comment</p> <p>Our genus description corresponds basically to that of Young (1977) with the addition of the variation found in the new species and details of the female genitalia described by Mejdalani (1995), especially the ones of the valvulae II of the ovipositor.</p> <p>Species included in Scopogonalia</p> <p>S. agkistroides sp. nov. Brazil (Mato Grosso).</p> <p>S. alba sp. nov. Brazil (Piauí and Paraíba).</p> <p>S. altmanni Cavichioli, 1986: 152. Brazil (Paraná) and Argentina.</p> <p>S. amazonensis sp. nov. Brazil (Amazonas and Acre).</p> <p>S. dolixoura sp. nov. Brazil (Mato Grosso).</p> <p>S. echinura Young, 1977: 534. Venezuela, Colombia, and Brazil (Paraíba, Goiás and Mato Grosso do Sul).</p> <p>S. euxloa sp. nov. Brazil (Paraná).</p> <p>S. golbachi Young, 1977: 538. Argentina.</p> <p>S. interruptula (Osborn, 1926: 181). (Cicadella). Brazil.</p> <p>S. nargena Young, 1977: 532. Colombia, Bolivia, Brazil (São Paulo, Distrito Federal, Mato Grosso do Sul and Paraná) and Argentina.</p> <p>S. oglobini Young, 1977: 537. Argentina.</p> <p>S. osteiphera sp. nov. Argentina.</p> <p>S. paula Young, 1977: 534. Brazil (Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo). S. penicula Young, 1977: 536. Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina.</p> <p>S. plaumanni Cavichioli, 1986: 153. Brazil (Paraná).</p> <p>S. splendida Cavichioli, 1986: 156. Brazil (São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro).</p> <p>S. subolivacea (Stål, 1862: 42). (Tettigonia). Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina.</p> <p>Key to males of Scopogonalia</p> <p>1. Ocelli aligned to anterior eye angles and equidistant from adjacent anterior eye angle and median line of crown (Figure 1A); aedeagus curved ventrally (Figure 10E)......... 2</p> <p>– Ocelli behind anterior eye angles and closer to adjacent anterior eye angle than to median line of crown (Figure 1B); aedeagus curved dorsally (Figures 2F, 4D, 5, 6E, 7E, 8E, 9E, 11E)..................................................................................................................................... 4</p> <p>2(1). Paraphyses with pair of lateral projections at level of base of rami (Cavichioli 1986, fig. 21)...................................................................................................................................................... 3</p> <p>– Paraphyses without such projections............................................ S. plaumanni Cavichioli</p> <p>3(2). Apices of paraphyses rami blunt (Figure 10E)...................................... S. euxloa sp. nov.</p> <p>– Apices of paraphyses rami acute (Cavichioli 1986, fig. 21).... S. splendida Cavichioli</p> <p>4(1). Fore wings completely hyaline (Figures 7A, 8A, 9A)........................................................... 5</p> <p>– Fore wings opaque (Figures 2B, 3, 6A, 10A, 11A)............................................................. 11</p> <p>5(4). Fore wings green; paraphyses rami extending beside aedeagus (Young 1977, fig. 436q)...................................................................................................................... S. nargena Young</p> <p>– Fore wings of another colour; paraphyses rami extending below aedeagus (Figures 2F, 4D, 5, 6–11E).................................................................................................................................. 6</p> <p>6(5). Aedeagus with a hood-like structure on dorsoapical portion (Figure 11E) or with a pair of broad and large dentiform processes in the same position (Figure 7E)..... 7</p> <p>– Aedeagus without such hood-like structure, or, if with pair of dentiform processes, then they are reduced (Figures 4D, 5, 8E, 9E)........................................................................ 8</p> <p>7(6). Crown with Y-shaped macula; paraphyses rami, in ventral view, not strongly curved.......................................................................................................... S. altmanni Cavichioli</p> <p>– Crown without such macula; paraphyses rami, in ventral view, strongly curved outwards (Figure 7F)........................................................................................ S. alba sp. nov.</p> <p>8(6). Pygofer strongly produced posteriorly and with dorsal margin, in lateral view, strongly concave (Figure 9B).............................................................. S. dolixoura sp. nov.</p> <p>– Pygofer moderately produced posteriorly and with dorsal margin, in lateral view, almost straight................................................................................................................................. 9</p> <p>9(8). Aedeagus short with three tiny processes at apex: one ventral and two dorsolateral (Figure 5).......................................................................................... S. echinura Young</p> <p>– Aedeagus not as above............................................................................................................ 10</p> <p>10(9). Aedeagus hook-shaped (Figure 8E)............................................ S. agkistroides sp. nov.</p> <p>– Aedeagus gradually broadened towards apex, with large ventral dentiform process (Young 1977, fig. 441p)............................................................ S. oglobini Young</p> <p>11(4). Basal angles of scutellum with pair of dark brown to black maculae (Figures 1B, 2A, 3, 11A)...................................................................................................................................... 12</p> <p>– Basal angles of scutellum without such maculae.............. S. amazonensis sp. nov.</p> <p>12(11). Paraphysis – that is, single ramus (Figure 4D).................... S. interruptula (Osborn)</p> <p>– Paraphyses – that is, two rami, or U-shaped.................................................................. 13</p> <p>13(12). Paraphyses U-shaped; process of pygofer with apex acute (Young 1977, fig. 442c).................................................................................................................. S. golbachi Young</p> <p>– Paraphyses with two rami; process of pygofer with brush-like apex.................. 14</p> <p>14(13). Aedeagus with conspicuous process on ventral margin at midlength (Young 1977, fig. 440p)............................................................................................ S. penicula Young</p> <p>– Aedeagus without such process........................................................................................... 15</p> <p>15(14). Aedeagus with one dentiform process on ventral margin (Young 1977, fig. 438p)................................................................................................................................... S. paula Young</p> <p>– Aedeagus with two dentiform processes on ventral margin (Figures 2F, 6E, 11E)............................................................................................................................................ 16</p> <p>16(15). Aedeagus with hood-like structure on dorsoapical portion (Figure 11E)......................................................................................................................................... S. osteiphera sp. nov.</p> <p>– Aedeagus with dorsoapical portion rounded (Figure 2F)...... S. subolivacea (Stål)</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A43F87EEDE06FFFB84BAFAAC79CDFB67	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leal, Afonso Henrique;Creão-Duarte, Antonio José;Mejdalani, Gabriel	Leal, Afonso Henrique, Creão-Duarte, Antonio José, Mejdalani, Gabriel (2016): Taxonomic review of Scopogonalia Young, 1977 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini) with description of six new species. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 50 (23): 1513-1542, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530
A43F87EEDE09FFF984D4FB2A7C3EFD26.text	A43F87EEDE09FFF984D4FB2A7C3EFD26.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scopogonalia subolivacea (Stal 1862)	<div><p>Scopogonalia subolivacea (Stål, 1862)</p> <p>(Figure 2)</p> <p>Tettigonia subolivacea Stål, 1862.</p> <p>Scopogonalia subolivacea: Young 1977; Mejdalani 1995; Cavichioli 1986.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Green sharpshooters; male pygofer with apex acute; aedeagus with pair of apical wingshaped processes and two ventral separate dentiform processes: an apical and a subapical one; paraphyses with pair of short rami with acute apices.</p> <p>Comment</p> <p>The presence of the subapical dentiform ventral process of the aedeagus is a homoplastic autapomorphy of S. subolivacea shared with S. osteiphera sp. nov., S. amazonensis sp. nov. and S. oglobini (Leal 2014).</p> <p>Length. Males, 5.2–5.6 mm; females, 5.4–6.0 mm.</p> <p>External morphology</p> <p>Head (Figure 2A) moderately produced anteriorly, median length of crown about 1/2 interocular width and 1/3 transocular width; anterior margin broadly rounded in dorsal view; ocelli located behind anterior eye angles, each closer to adjacent eye angle than to median line of crown, situated at pair of slight concavities. Pronotum (Figure 2A) with width approximately equal to transocular width, lateral margins convergent anteriorly, dorsopleural carinae complete and oblique, disc smooth; mesonotum with scutellum not striate. Fore wings (Figure 2B) opaque; membrane including all of apical cells, extending anteriorly along costal margin as far as basal half of wing. Hind legs with length of first tarsomere greater than combined length of two more distal ones.</p> <p>Coloration</p> <p>Background colour of crown, anterior third of pronotum, and mesonotum yellow, rest of dorsum dark green (Figure 2A, B). Crown (Figure 2A) with green round maculae including ocelli, Y-shaped brown macula on median portion. Pronotum (Figure 2A) with black transverse macula with broadened ends on anterior third. Mesonotum (Figure 2A) with pair of black maculae on basal angles, partially concealed by pronotum. Fore wings (Figure 2B) with longitudinal veins dark in some specimens. Face with frons greenishyellow, mesosternum black, legs and ventral portion of abdomen pale yellow.</p> <p>Male genitalia</p> <p>Pygofer (Figure 2C), in lateral view, moderately produced posteriorly; dorsal margin approximately rectilinear, oblique; posteroventral margin broadly convex; apex acute; macrosetae more numerous near apex, gradually scattered along margins; slender process arising from ventral margin, extending posterodorsally as far as pygofer apex, internal and parallel to posteroventral margin. Subgenital plates (Figure 2D) subtriangular, not extending as far posteriorly as apex of pygofer, gradually tapered towards apex; macrosetae uniseriate along outer margin. Styles (Figure 2E) slender, without preapical lobe, not extending as far posteriorly as apex of connective, curved outwards. Connective (Figure 2E) Y-shaped. Aedeagus (Figure 2F), in lateral view, directed posteriorly, with two dentiform processes on ventral portion: an apical and a subapical one, pair of wing-shaped processes on dorsolateral portions of apex. Paraphyses (Figure 2F) paired, symmetrical, extending below shaft of aedeagus; rami short, curved dorsally and approximately parallel.</p> <p>Female genitalia</p> <p>Abdominal sternite VII (Figure 2G) longer than wide, gradually tapered; posterior margin with concavity with slight round prominence at middle. Valvulae II (Figure 2H) with ventral margin approximately rectilinear, dorsal margin approximately parallel to ventral one; preapical prominence distinct; primary teeth inclined trapezoid on basal and median portions (Figure 11H), becoming triangular towards apex (Figure 11I); first ones with posterior flat area, which becomes gradually smaller towards apex, where it is absent (Figure11J); denticles on all teeth and on apical portion; ventral dentate apical area greater than dorsal one (Figure11J).</p> <p>Material examined</p> <p>One male: ‘ Represa RIO GRANDE\ Guanabara [nowadays Rio de Janeiro] Brasil \ XII- 1960 \ Werner e Alvarenga’ (DZUP); one male and one female: ‘Rep. [Represa] Rio Grande \ IX.1972\ M. Alvarenga col.’ (MNRJ); one male and one female: ‘SILVA JARDIM-RJ\ BRASIL III/74\ F.M. Oliveira leg.’ (DZUP); one female: ‘S. [Santa] M. [Maria] Madalena\ 750m Est.[Estado do] Rio[de Janeiro]\ Brasil VII-1960 \ M. Alvarenga leg.’ (DZUP); one female: ‘MORRO AZUL – RJ\ 31/XII/1992 \ G. MEJDALANI col.’ (DZRJ); one female: ‘JARDIM BOTÂNICO\ RIO DE JANEIRO \ 31/X/1990 \ G. MEJDALANI col.’ (DZRJ).</p> <p>Comparative notes</p> <p>Scopogonalia subolivacea has a colour pattern similar to those of S. paula Young (Mejdalani 1995) and S. amazonensis sp. nov. It differs from these mainly because of the two conspicuous dentiform processes on the ventral portion of the aedeagus (Figure 2F). Scopogonalia paula has a single process, the apical one, and S. amazonensis presents both processes but they are reduced and partly fused (Figure 6E).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A43F87EEDE09FFF984D4FB2A7C3EFD26	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leal, Afonso Henrique;Creão-Duarte, Antonio José;Mejdalani, Gabriel	Leal, Afonso Henrique, Creão-Duarte, Antonio José, Mejdalani, Gabriel (2016): Taxonomic review of Scopogonalia Young, 1977 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini) with description of six new species. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 50 (23): 1513-1542, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530
A43F87EEDE0BFFE684EBFCE37CB8F94B.text	A43F87EEDE0BFFE684EBFCE37CB8F94B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scopogonalia interruptula (Osborn 1926)	<div><p>Scopogonalia interruptula (Osborn, 1926)</p> <p>(Figures 3, 4)</p> <p>Cicadella interruptula Osborn, 1926.</p> <p>Scopogonalia interruptula: Young 1977.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Green sharpshooters with dark broad longitudinal stripes; aedeagus, in lateral view, directed posterodorsally, almost straight from curvature at base, with pair of dentiform processes on dorsal portion; paraphysis (i.e. with a single ramus) directed posteriorly.</p> <p>Comment</p> <p>The paraphysis (i.e. with a single ramus) is an autapomorphy of S. interruptula (Leal 2014).</p> <p>Type locality. ‘Chapada’, Brazil.</p> <p>Length. Male allotype, 5.5 mm; female holotype, 6.0 mm.</p> <p>External morphology</p> <p>Head (Figure 3) moderately produced anteriorly, median length of crown about 1/2 interocular width and 1/3 transocular width; anterior margin narrowly rounded in dorsal view; ocelli located behind anterior eye angles, each closer to adjacent anterior eye angle than to median line of crown, situated at pair of slight concavities. Pronotum (Figure 3) with width approximately equal to transocular width of crown; lateral margins convergent anteriorly; dorsopleural carinae complete and oblique; disc smooth. Fore wings (Figure 3) opaque; membrane including all of apical cells, extending anteriorly along costal margin as far as basal half of wing. Hind legs with femoral apical setal formula 2:1:1; length of first tarsomere greater than combined length of two more distal ones.</p> <p>Coloration</p> <p>Background colour of crown, anterior third of pronotum, and mesonotum light green; remainder of dorsum dark green (Figure 3B). Crown with dark brown transversal stripe anterior to ocelli, forked at ends, and dark brown transversal stripe along posterior margin with projections attaining ocelli; dark brown line on median line of crown linking both transversal stripes (Figure 3B). Anterior third of pronotum with dark brown transversal stripe forked at ends, with short anterior branches, posterior branches extending posteriorly as far as mesonotum and returning to pronotum (Figure 3B). Mesonotum (Figure 3B) with three dark brown maculae: two on basal angles continuous with stripes of pronotum and median one extending from base to scutellar suture. Fore wings (Figure 3B) with dark brown stripes on and beside longitudinal veins. Face and ventral body parts yellow; pair of dark brown longitudinal stripes on muscle impressions.</p> <p>Male genitalia</p> <p>Pygofer (Figure 4A), in lateral view, moderately produced posteriorly; dorsal margin concave; ventral margin approximately rectilinear; apex narrowly rounded; numerous macrosetae from apical half to apex, scattered basally; slender process arising from ventral margin, extending posteriorly as far as apex of pygofer. Subgenital plates (Figure 4B) subtriangular, not extending posteriorly as far as apex of pygofer, gradually tapered towards narrow apical portion; macrosetae multiseriate near base, becoming uniseriate towards apex. Styles (Figure 4C) slender, without preapical lobe, not extending posteriorly as far as apex of connective; apex obliquely truncate. Connective (Figure 4C) Y-shaped. Aedeagus (Figure 4D), in lateral view, directed posterodorsally, almost straight from curvature at base; apex acute, with pair of dentiform processes on dorsal portion. Paraphysis (Figure 4D) with ramus directed posteriorly, apex acute.</p> <p>Female. Unavailable for dissection.</p> <p>Material examined</p> <p>Female holotype: ‘ Chapada \ Brazil \ Acc. No. 2966’, ‘Nov.’, ‘TYPE’, ‘ Cicadella \ interruptula\ H. O.’ (CMNH). Male allotype: ‘ Chapada \ Brazil \ Acc. No. 2966’, ‘ALLOTYPE’, ‘ Scopogonalia \ interruptula\ (Osb.)\ Young 1971’ (CMNH).</p> <p>Comparative notes</p> <p>Scopogonalia interruptula resembles externally S. paula and S. osteiphera sp. nov. (Figure 11A) by the green colour and the broad dark brown stripes on and beside the longitudinal veins of the fore wings. However, it is different from these and any other species of the genus because of the single paraphysis (Figure 4D), instead of the paraphyses of the other ones.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A43F87EEDE0BFFE684EBFCE37CB8F94B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leal, Afonso Henrique;Creão-Duarte, Antonio José;Mejdalani, Gabriel	Leal, Afonso Henrique, Creão-Duarte, Antonio José, Mejdalani, Gabriel (2016): Taxonomic review of Scopogonalia Young, 1977 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini) with description of six new species. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 50 (23): 1513-1542, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530
A43F87EEDE15FFE784DEFC9B7960FB1F.text	A43F87EEDE15FFE784DEFC9B7960FB1F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scopogonalia altmanni Cavichioli 1986	<div><p>Scopogonalia altmanni Cavichioli, 1986</p> <p>Material examined</p> <p>One male and one female: ‘ ARGENTINA: Salta Prov.,\ 10 km N Rosario de la Frontera \ Km 1436 rt. 9, 814m \ S 25º42.546 ʹ W 064º56.623 ʹ \ D. M. Takiya 20.i.2008 sweep’ (DZRJ). Male also with label: ‘ Scopogonalia \ altmani [sic]\ Cavichioli\ D M TAKIYA det. 2007’.</p> <p>Comment</p> <p>Scopogonalia altmanni had been previously recorded from Paraná state, south Brazil (Cavichioli 1986). With the new record, the distribution of the species is expanded towards northwest Argentina, being the first record of the species out of Brazil.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A43F87EEDE15FFE784DEFC9B7960FB1F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leal, Afonso Henrique;Creão-Duarte, Antonio José;Mejdalani, Gabriel	Leal, Afonso Henrique, Creão-Duarte, Antonio José, Mejdalani, Gabriel (2016): Taxonomic review of Scopogonalia Young, 1977 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini) with description of six new species. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 50 (23): 1513-1542, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530
A43F87EEDE15FFE784CAFF61791EFCCE.text	A43F87EEDE15FFE784CAFF61791EFCCE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scopogonalia echinura Young 1977	<div><p>Scopogonalia echinura Young, 1977</p> <p>(Figure 5)</p> <p>Material examined</p> <p>One male and one female: ‘ Goiânia – GO\ 30/ X/2000 \ B. Silva col.’ (DZUP); one male, same data, except: ‘ 06/ XI/ 2000 ’ (DZUP); one male, same data, except: ‘ 20/ XI/ 2000 ’ (DZUP); one female, same data, except: ‘ 13/ XI/ 2000 ’ (DZUP); one male, same data, except: ‘ 27/ XII/ 2000 ’ (DZUP); one male, same data, except: ‘ 06/ XI/ 2001 ’ (DZUP); one male: ‘CPo. [Campo] GRANDE MT [nowadays MS, Mato Grosso do Sul]\ Brasil – XI 1952 \ M. Alvarenga’ (DZUP); one male: ‘ Tabuleiro, Res. Biol. [Reserva Biológica] Guaribas,\ Paraíba, Brasil \ Rede de arrasto\ 06.IX.2010\ Creão &amp; Afonso [Leal]’ (DSEC); one male and one female: ‘ BRASIL: Paraíba \ Mamanguape, REBIO [Reserva Biológica]\ Guaribas. Area 1\ Sweep. 01. Mar. 2012 \ A. H. Leal leg’. (DSEC).</p> <p>Comment</p> <p>Scopogonalia echinura had been previously recorded from Santa Elena de Uairén in south Venezuela (Young 1977) and from Vichada department in east Colombia (Freytag and Sharkey 2002), being here newly recorded from central and northeast Brazil. The original description (Young 1977, fig. 439f) does not mention the pair of tiny dorsolateral dentiform processes at the apex of the aedeagus observed in our studied specimens (Figure 5).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A43F87EEDE15FFE784CAFF61791EFCCE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leal, Afonso Henrique;Creão-Duarte, Antonio José;Mejdalani, Gabriel	Leal, Afonso Henrique, Creão-Duarte, Antonio José, Mejdalani, Gabriel (2016): Taxonomic review of Scopogonalia Young, 1977 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini) with description of six new species. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 50 (23): 1513-1542, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530
A43F87EEDE15FFE58444FAC47ECFFCE8.text	A43F87EEDE15FFE58444FAC47ECFFCE8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scopogonalia amazonensis Leal & Creao-Duarte 2016	<div><p>Scopogonalia amazonensis Leal &amp; Creão-Duarte sp. nov.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Green sharpshooters, crown and anterior third of pronotum yellow; aedeagus with two small semi-fused dentiform processes on ventral portion: one subapical and one apical, and pair of wing-shaped processes on dorsoapical portion.</p> <p>Comment</p> <p>The presence of the subapical dentiform process is a homoplastic autapomorphy of S. amazonensis sp. nov. shared with S. subolivacea, S. osteiphera sp. nov. and S. oglobini, whereas the pair of wing-shaped processes of the aedeagus is a homoplastic autapomorphy of S. amazonensis sp. nov. shared with S. subolivacea (Leal 2014).</p> <p>Type locality. Itacoatiara, Amazonas state, Brazil.</p> <p>Length. Male holotype, 5.7 mm. Male paratypes, 5.0– 5.9 mm; female paratypes, 6.0 mm.</p> <p>External morphology</p> <p>Head (Figure 6A) moderately produced anteriorly, median length of crown approximately 1/2 interocular width and 1/3 transocular width; anterior margin narrowly rounded in dorsal view; ocelli located behind anterior eye angles, each closer to adjacent anterior eye angle than to median line of crown, situated at pair of slight concavities. Pronotum (Figure 6A) with width approximately equal to transocular width; lateral margins convergent anteriorly; dorsopleural carinae incomplete, not attaining eyes, oblique. Fore wings (Figure 6A) opaque, membrane including all of apical cells, extending anteriorly along costal margin as far as basal half of wing. Hind legs with length of first tarsomere greater than combined length of two more distal ones.</p> <p>Coloration</p> <p>Background colour of crown, anterior third of pronotum, and mesonotum greenish-yellow, remainder of dorsum green (Figure 6A). Crown with round green maculae on and around ocelli (Figure 6A). Ventral region of body yellow; tergum of abdomen dark brown to black.</p> <p>Male genitalia</p> <p>Pygofer (Figure 6B), in lateral view, moderately produced posteriorly; dorsal margin slightly concave; posterodorsal margin broadly convex; apex acute; process arising from ventral margin and extending posterodorsally as far as apex of pygofer. Subgenital plates (Figure 6C) not extending posteriorly as far as apex of pygofer, gradually tapered towards apex; macrosetae uniseriate along outer margins. Styles (Figure 6D) slender, without preapical lobe, strongly curved. Connective (Figure 6D) Y-shaped. Aedeagus (Figure 6E), in lateral view, directed posterodorsally, with two tiny semi-fused dentiform processes on ventral portion, larger subapical one and smaller apical one, and pair of wing-shaped processes on dorsoapical portion (Figure 6E–F). Paraphyses (Figure 6E) paired, extending below aedeagus, with rami curved dorsally, not attaining aedeagus.</p> <p>Female genitalia</p> <p>Abdominal sternite VII (Figure 6G) longer than wide, lateral margins parallel, tapering near apex; posterior margin with concavity. Valvulae II (Figure 6H) expanded beyond basal curvature and gradually tapered towards acute apex; dorsal margin approximately rectilinear and parallel to ventral margin; preapical prominence distinct; teeth of basal and median portions inclined trapezoid (Figure 11H), becoming triangular towards apex (Figure 11I); first ones with flat posterior area, which becomes gradually smaller towards apex, where it is absent; denticles on all teeth and on apical portion; ventral dentate apical portion greater than dorsal one (Figure 11J).</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>The species epithet, amazonensis, refers to the Amazon region, where the specimens were found.</p> <p>Type material</p> <p>Holotype: male, ‘Brasil-AM [Amazonas state]/ Itacoatiara \ Madeireira MIL, 024510S \583911W, 29–30.xi.2005 \ Luminosa móvel, J. A.\ Rafael, R. J. Machado &amp;\ A. Silva Filho leg.’ (INPA). Paratypes: three males (INPA) with the same data as holotype; one male and two females: ‘ Rio Branco-AC [Acre state]\ 12-Jan-2004 \ Albuquerque, E.S.’ (DZUP).</p> <p>Comment</p> <p>Apparently, Young (1977, fig. 435) based on specimens of S. amazonensis his interpretation of S. subolivacea from Chanchamayo, Peru. The paratypes from Acre state have the pronotum almost completely yellow, with the posterior part light green. The fore wings also present a less intense tonality of green than the specimens from Amazonas do. However, the comparison of the male genitalia of specimens from both states support the hypothesis that they belong to the same species.</p> <p>Comparative notes</p> <p>This species resembles S. subolivacea, but differs from the latter by the small and semifused dentiform processes of the ventral aedeagal portion (Figure 6E) and by the narrower wing-shaped lateral processes (Figure 6E–F). The rami of the paraphyses are also longer in the new species than in S. subolivacea (Figure 6E).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A43F87EEDE15FFE58444FAC47ECFFCE8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leal, Afonso Henrique;Creão-Duarte, Antonio José;Mejdalani, Gabriel	Leal, Afonso Henrique, Creão-Duarte, Antonio José, Mejdalani, Gabriel (2016): Taxonomic review of Scopogonalia Young, 1977 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini) with description of six new species. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 50 (23): 1513-1542, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530
A43F87EEDE17FFE3840FFCB57C6AFD43.text	A43F87EEDE17FFE3840FFCB57C6AFD43.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scopogonalia alba Leal & Creao-Duarte 2016	<div><p>Scopogonalia alba Leal &amp; Creão-Duarte sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figure 7)</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Pale yellow sharpshooters; aedeagus directed posterodorsally with dentiform process on ventroapical portion and pair of large and broad dentiform processes on dorsoapical portion; paraphyses with rami curved dorsally and strongly curved outwards; valvulae II with dorsal portion sclerotized and well delimited and ventral and dorsal margins of dentate apical area with approximately the same length.</p> <p>Comment</p> <p>The well delimited, sclerotized dorsal portion of the ovipositor valvulae II is a synapomorphy of S. alba and S. agkistroides. The ventral and dorsal margins of the dentate apical area of the valvulae II with approximately the same length is an autapomorphy of S. alba (Leal 2014).</p> <p>Type locality. Reserva Biológica Guaribas, Mamanguape, Paraíba, Brazil.</p> <p>Length. Male holotype, 7.2 mm; male paratypes, 6.4–7.2 mm; female paratypes, 7.2– 7.7 mm.</p> <p>External morphology</p> <p>Head (Figure 7A), in dorsal view, moderately produced anteriorly, median length of crown about 1/2 interocular width and 1/3 transocular width; anterior margin broadly rounded in dorsal view; ocelli located behind anterior eye angles, each closer to adjacent anterior eye angle than to median line of crown, situated at pair of slight concavities. Pronotum (Figure 7A) with width approximately equal to transocular width of crown; lateral margins convergent anteriorly; dorsopleural carinae incomplete, not attaining eye, oblique; mesonotum with scutellum not striate. Fore wings (Figure 7A) completely hyaline. Hind legs with length of first tarsomere greater than combined length of two more distal ones.</p> <p>Coloration</p> <p>Crown, anterior third of pronotum, mesonotum and fore wings pale yellow (Figure 7A). Posterior two-thirds of pronotum light brown (Figure 7A). Crown with pair of dark brown round maculae including ocelli (Figure 7A). Tergum of abdomen dark brown. Face, ventral portion of body and legs pale yellow. Prothorax, in lateral view, with a dark brown macula just behind eye.</p> <p>Male genitalia</p> <p>Pygofer (Figure 7B), in lateral view, moderately produced posteriorly; dorsal margin approximately rectilinear; posteroventral margin broadly convex; apex narrowly rounded; numerous macrosetae near apex and along posteroventral margin, gradually scattered along dorsal margin; elongate process arising from ventral margin and extending posterodorsally, almost attaining apex of pygofer. Subgenital plates (Figure 7C) subtriangular, not extending as far posteriorly as apex of pygofer, gradually tapered towards narrow apical portion; macrosetae multiseriate near base thence uniseriate towards apex. Styles (Figure 7D) slender, with preapical lobe, not extending as far posteriorly as apex of connective, curved outwards. Connective (Figure 7D) Y-shaped. Aedeagus (Figure 7E), in lateral view, directed posterodorsally, with dentiform process on ventroapical portion and pair of large and broad dentiform processes on dorsoapical portion. Paraphyses (Figure 7E– F) paired, symmetrical, rami curved dorsally and strongly curved outwards.</p> <p>Female genitalia</p> <p>Abdominal sternite VII (Figure 7G) longer than broad, lateral margins gradually tapered posteriorly; posterior margin convex. Valvulae II (Figure 7H–K) expanded beyond basal curvature and gradually tapered towards acute apex; ventral margin approximately rectilinear; dorsal margin convex, with thick and well delimited sclerotized portion including teeth (Figure 7I–J); preapical prominence indistinct (Figure 7K); primary teeth triangular, distributed along dorsal margin (Figure 3I–J); first ones with posterior flat area, which becomes gradually smaller towards apex, where it is absent; denticles on all teeth and on apical portion; dorsal and ventral dentate apical portions with approximately same length (Figure 7K).</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>The species epithet, alba (from Latin: white), refers to the light coloration of the body.</p> <p>Type material</p> <p>Holotype: male, ‘ BRASIL: Paraíba,\ Mamanguape, REBIO [Reserva Biológica]\ Guaribas. Area 2\ Sweep 24.May.2012 \ A.H. Leal leg.’ (MNRJ). Paratypes: two females (MNRJ) and one male and one female (DSEC), same data as holotype; one male and two females (MNRJ), same data as holotype, except: 16.Jan.2012; one male: ‘ BRASIL: PI, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.7275&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.109444" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.7275/lat -4.109444)">Piracuruca</a> – PN [Parque Nacional] de Sete \ Cidades, Riacho da Piedade \ 4°6 ʹ 34,00” S 41°43 ʹ 39,00”W \ 169m \ 19.IV.2012\ Takiya, D. M.’ (INPA).</p> <p>Comparative notes</p> <p>The new species resembles S. echinura, S. altmanni, S. oglobini, S. agkistroides sp. nov., and S. dolixoura sp. nov. due to the completely hyaline fore wings. However, the coloration of S. alba sp. nov. is lighter than that of the other species. Its male genitalia differ from those of the others by the following combination of characters: aedeagus with pair of large and broad dorsoapical dentiform processes (Figure 7E), similar to those of S. nargena, and rami of paraphyses strongly divergent (Figure 7F). In the female genitalia, the valvulae II of the ovipositor have a thick and welldelimited sclerotized area on the dorsal margin (Figure 7I–J), also found in S. agkistroides sp. nov., but S. alba sp. nov. is the only one in the genus in which the dorsal and ventral dentate apical portions are approximately the same size (Figure 7K).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A43F87EEDE17FFE3840FFCB57C6AFD43	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leal, Afonso Henrique;Creão-Duarte, Antonio José;Mejdalani, Gabriel	Leal, Afonso Henrique, Creão-Duarte, Antonio José, Mejdalani, Gabriel (2016): Taxonomic review of Scopogonalia Young, 1977 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini) with description of six new species. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 50 (23): 1513-1542, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530
A43F87EEDE11FFE1843FFD187CDDFEC6.text	A43F87EEDE11FFE1843FFD187CDDFEC6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scopogonalia agkistroides Leal & Creao-Duarte 2016	<div><p>Scopogonalia agkistroides Leal &amp; Creão-Duarte sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figure 8)</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Light brown sharpshooters; aedeagus with basal portion directed ventrally and then strongly curved dorsally, hook shaped, with ventroapical dentiform process and pair of dorsolateral processes; valvulae II of ovipositor with sclerotized dorsal portion well delimited and ventral dentate apical portion smaller than dorsal portion.</p> <p>Comment</p> <p>The valvulae II of the ovipositor with the dorsal portion sclerotized and well delimited is a synapomorphy of S. agkistroides and S. alba (Leal 2014).</p> <p>Type locality. Ribeirão Cascalheira, Mato Grosso, Brazil.</p> <p>Length. Male holotype, 6.2 mm; male paratypes, 6.3–6.6 mm; female paratypes, 6.6– 7.0 mm.</p> <p>External morphology</p> <p>Head (Figure 8A) moderately produced anteriorly, median length of crown about 1/2 interocular width and 1/3 transocular width; anterior margin broadly rounded in dorsal view; ocelli located behind anterior eye angles, each closer to adjacent anterior eye angle than to median line of crown, situated at pair of slight concavities. Pronotum (Figure 8A) with width less than transocular width; lateral margins slightly convergent anteriorly; dorsopleural carinae incomplete, not attaining eyes, oblique. Fore wings (Figure 8A) completely hyaline. Hind legs with length of first tarsomere approximately equal to combined length of two more distal ones.</p> <p>Coloration</p> <p>Ground colour of crown, pronotum and mesonotum pale yellow (Figure 8A); pair of dark brown longitudinal stripes on lateral body portions, beginning on prothorax right behind eye and extending to tergum of abdomen; fore wings yellow with dark brown stripe between radius and cubitus, enforcing the stripe on the abdomen, visible by transparency of wings (Figure 8A). Crown with pair of round dark brown maculae on and around ocelli (Figure 8A); face light yellow.</p> <p>Male genitalia</p> <p>Pygofer (Figure 8B), in lateral view, moderately to strongly produced posteriorly, subtriangular; dorsal margin shallowly concave; ventral margin broadly convex; apex narrowly rounded; with numerous macrosetae on posteroventral two-thirds and scattered on dorsal margin; slender process arising from ventral margin, extending posterodorsally and then curved posteriorly, extending as far as apex of pygofer. Subgenital plates (Figure 8C) subtriangular, extending as far posteriorly as pygofer midlength, gradually tapered towards narrow apical portion; macrosetae multiseriate near base, becoming uniseriate towards apex. Styles (Figure 8D) without preapical lobe; apex foot-shaped, directed outwards. Connective (Figure 8D) Y-shaped. Aedeagus (Figure 8E) hook-shaped, basal half directed posteroventrally, thence strongly curved dorsally; apical portion with ventral dentiform process and pair of flat lateral processes with acute projections. Paraphyses (Figure 8E) extending below shaft of aedeagus; rami curved dorsally, with apices acute.</p> <p>Female genitalia</p> <p>Abdominal sternite VII (Figure 8F) longer than wide, lateral margins gradually tapered posteriorly; posterior margin narrowly convex. Valvulae II (Figure 8G–J) expanded beyond basal curvature and tapered apically; apex acute; ventral margin approximately rectilinear; dorsal margin convex, with thick and well delimited sclerotized portion including teeth (Figure 8H–J); preapical prominence indistinct (Figure 8J); teeth triangular, distributed along dorsal margin, with posterior flat area on basal and median portions (Figure 8H), becoming gradually smaller towards apex (Figure 8I), where it is absent; denticles on all teeth and on apical portion; dorsal dentate apical portion greater than ventral one (Figure 8J).</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>The species epithet, agkistroides (from Greek: hook shaped), refers to the shape of the aedeagus.</p> <p>Type material</p> <p>Holotype: male, ‘ Ribeirão Cascalheira, MT [Mato Grosso state]\ 22/VIII/1997 \ K. Zanol leg’, ‘ Lago do Gato’ (DZUP). Paratypes: two females with same data as holotype (DZUP); two males and two females: ‘ Roy. Soc./ Roy. Geog. Soc.\ Xavantina / Caximbo \ Expedition 1967–1969\ B. M. 1970–192’, ‘ BRAZIL: Mato Grosso,\ 12º49’S- 51º45 ʹ W,\ 19. xi.1968, W. J. Knight.\ Grassland’ (DZUP); one male with the same data as the preceding ones (BMNH).</p> <p>Comparative notes</p> <p>Externally, S. agkistroides resembles S. altmanni, S. echinura, S. oglobini and S. dolixoura sp. nov. due to the presence of hyaline fore wings and a pair of dark brown stripes on the lateral body portions. This species differs from those because of the hook shaped aedeagus (Figure 8E).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A43F87EEDE11FFE1843FFD187CDDFEC6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leal, Afonso Henrique;Creão-Duarte, Antonio José;Mejdalani, Gabriel	Leal, Afonso Henrique, Creão-Duarte, Antonio José, Mejdalani, Gabriel (2016): Taxonomic review of Scopogonalia Young, 1977 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini) with description of six new species. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 50 (23): 1513-1542, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530
A43F87EEDE13FFEE842FFE837FE7FA7A.text	A43F87EEDE13FFEE842FFE837FE7FA7A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scopogonalia dolixoura Leal & Creao-Duarte 2016	<div><p>Scopogonalia dolixoura Leal &amp; Creão-Duarte sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figure 9)</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Light brown sharpshooters with head, in dorsal view, slightly produced anteriorly; male pygofer long and with dorsal margin, in lateral view, very concave; aedeagus with three dentiform processes on apical portion: two dorsolateral and one ventroapical.</p> <p>Comment</p> <p>The slightly produced head and the very concave shape of the male pygofer are autapomorphies of S. dolixoura (Leal 2014).</p> <p>Type locality. Parque Estadual da Serra de Santa Bárbara, Pontes e Lacerda, Mato Grosso, Brazil.</p> <p>Length. Male holotype, 6.5 mm.</p> <p>External morphology</p> <p>Head (Figure 9A), in dorsal view, slightly produced anteriorly, median length of crown about 1/3 interocular width and 1/5 transocular width; anterior margin broadly rounded in dorsal view; ocelli located behind anterior eye angles, each closer to adjacent anterior eye angle than to median line of crown, situated at pair of slight concavities. Pronotum (Figure 9A) with width less than transocular width; lateral margins parallel; posterior margin slightly concave; dorsopleural carinae complete and oblique; disc slightly striate, without setae; mesonotum with scutellum not striate. Fore wings (Figure 9A) completely hyaline. Hind legs with femoral setal formula 2:1:1; length of first tarsomere approximately equal to combined length of two more distal ones.</p> <p>Coloration</p> <p>Crown, pronotum and mesonotum light brown, fore wings amber (Figure 9A). Crown with dark brown round maculae on and around ocelli (Figure 9A). Dark brown stripe on lateral body portion, beginning on prothorax right behind eye and extending to tergum of abdomen (Figure 9A). Fore wings with dark brown stripe between radius and cubitus, enforcing the one on abdomen, visible by transparency of wings (Figure 9A). Face and ventral body surface light brown.</p> <p>Male genitalia</p> <p>Pygofer (Figure 9B), in lateral view, strongly produced posteriorly, slender; dorsal margin strongly concave; ventral margin slightly concave; apex obliquely truncate; numerous macrosetae on narrow apical portion and scattered along margins; slender process arising from ventral margin and extending posterodorsally, not attaining apex of pygofer. Subgenital plates (Figure 9C) subtriangular, not extending as far posteriorly as apex of pygofer, gradually tapered towards narrow apical portion; macrosetae multiseriate near base, becoming uniseriate towards apex. Styles (Figure 9D) with preapical lobe, not extending as far posteriorly as apex of connective, twisted, apex obliquely truncate, with strong angular projection; preapical lobe and angular projection directed ventrally. Connective (Figure 9D) Y-shaped. Aedeagus (Figure 9E), in lateral view, directed posteriorly and curved dorsally; apical portion with three small dentiform processes: ventral one and two dorsolateral ones. Paraphyses (Figure 9E) paired, symmetrical, extending below shaft of aedeagus; rami curved dorsally, apices slightly curved towards one another.</p> <p>Female. Unknown.</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>The species epithet, dolixoura (from Greek: dolixouros, with long tail), refers to the long and slender male pygofer.</p> <p>Type material</p> <p>Holotype: male, ‘Parque [Estadual da Serra] de Santa Bárbara \ Pontes [e] Lacerda-MT [Mato Grosso state]\ Santa Rita-03-07/VII/02’, ‘ 16°02’34”S \ 59°16’22”N [W]\ Cavichioli leg’ (DZUP).</p> <p>Comparative notes</p> <p>Scopogonalia dolixoura externally resembles S. agkistroides, S. altmanni, S. echinura and S. oglobini due to the completely hyaline fore wings and the dark brown colour of the lateral body portions. Its aedeagus (Figure 9E) is similar to that of S. echinura (Figure 5) because both bear three dentiform processes on the apical portion: a ventral one and two dorsolateral ones. However, the aedeagus of S. dolixoura is longer beyond the dorsal curvature than that of S. echinura and its dorsolateral processes are more distant from the apex. It differs from this and the other known species by the long and slender male pygofer with the dorsal margin very concave.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A43F87EEDE13FFEE842FFE837FE7FA7A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leal, Afonso Henrique;Creão-Duarte, Antonio José;Mejdalani, Gabriel	Leal, Afonso Henrique, Creão-Duarte, Antonio José, Mejdalani, Gabriel (2016): Taxonomic review of Scopogonalia Young, 1977 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini) with description of six new species. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 50 (23): 1513-1542, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530
A43F87EEDE1CFFEC841EFA277C63FC5D.text	A43F87EEDE1CFFEC841EFA277C63FC5D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scopogonalia euxloa Leal & Creao-Duarte 2016	<div><p>Scopogonalia euxloa Leal &amp; Creão-Duarte sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figure 10)</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Green sharpshooters; head slightly produced anteriorly; fore wings with longitudinal veins dark; subgenital plates long and slender; aedeagus, in lateral view, curved ventrally, with pair of claw-like processes at apex; paraphyses rami thick with apices blunt.</p> <p>Comment</p> <p>The presence of long and slender subgenital plates is a synapomorphy of S. euxloa, S. plaumanni and S. splendida; the slightly produced head, the aedeagus curved ventrally, and the presence of a pair of hook-shaped processes at its apex are symplesiomorphies of Scopogonalia present in these three species; the thick paraphyses rami are an autapomorphy of S. euxloa (Leal 2014).</p> <p>Type locality. 25°50’S, 48°56 ʹ W; 790 m; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-48.933334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.833334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -48.933334/lat -25.833334)">Guaratuba</a>, Paraná, Brazil.</p> <p>Length. Male holotype, 5.9 mm; male paratypes, 5.7–6.0 mm; female paratype, 6.3 mm.</p> <p>External morphology</p> <p>Head (Figure 10A), in dorsal view, slightly produced anteriorly, median length of crown approximately 1/2 interocular width and 1/4 transocular width; anterior margin broadly rounded in dorsal view; ocelli aligned to anterior eye angles, each equidistant between adjacent anterior eye angle and median line of crown, situated at pair of slight concavities. Pronotum (Figure 10A) with width approximately equal to transocular width; with pair of concavities near anterior margin; lateral margins convergent anteriorly; posterior margin slightly concave; dorsopleural carinae complete and oblique. Fore wings (Figure 10A) coriaceous; membrane including all apical cells, extending forward along costal margin to basal half of wing. Hind legs with femoral setal formula 2:1:1; length of first tarsomere greater than combined length of two more distal ones.</p> <p>Coloration</p> <p>Ground colour of crown, anterior third of pronotum and mesonotum light green, remainder of dorsum dark green (Figure 10A). Crown with transverse dark brown stripe anterior to ocelli and a dark brown ark posterior to each ocellus (Figure 10A). Fore wings with dark brown stripes on and beside longitudinal veins (Figure 10A). Face and ventral body region pale yellow.</p> <p>Male genitalia</p> <p>Pygofer (Figure 10B), in lateral view, moderately produced posteriorly; dorsal margin approximately rectilinear; posteroventral margin broadly convex; apex narrowly rounded; macrosetae near apex and posteroventral margin, few along dorsal margin; slender process arising from ventral margin and extending posterodorsally as far as apex of pygofer. Subgenital plates (Figure 10C) subtriangular, long and slender, extending posteriorly almost as far as apex of pygofer, gradually tapered towards apex; macrosetae uniseriate along outer margin. Styles (Figure 10D) slender, without preapical lobe, not extending as far as apex of connective, extending approximately as far as basal half of subgenital plates. Connective (Figure 10D) Y-shaped, with well-produced dorsomedian carina. Aedeagus (Figure 10E), in lateral view, curved ventrally, with pair of claw-like processes at apex. Paraphyses (Figure 10E) paired, extending below shaft of aedeagus; rami thick, curved dorsally, apices blunt.</p> <p>Female genitalia</p> <p>Abdominal sternite VII (Figure 10F) longer than wide, lateral margins parallel, tapered near apex; posterior margin with concavity bearing small prominence. Valvulae II (Figure 10G) expanded beyond basal curvature and gradually narrowing towards acute apex; ventral and dorsal margins approximately parallel; preapical prominence distinct; primary teeth inclined trapezoid on basal and median portions (Figure 11H), becoming triangular at apex (Figure11I); first ones with posterior flat area, which becomes gradually smaller towards apex, where it is absent (Figure11J); denticles on all teeth and apical portion; ventral dentate apical portion greater than dorsal one (Figure11J).</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>The species epithet, euxloa (from Greek: euxloos, fresh and green), refers to the green colour of the species.</p> <p>Type material</p> <p>Holotype: male, ‘ 25°50’S 790m \ 48°56 ʹ W XI/2003 \ Paraná-Brasil \ G.R.A. Melo col.’ (DZUP). Paratypes: six males and one female, same data as holotype (DZUP).</p> <p>Comparative notes</p> <p>The new species is very similar externally to S. splendida and, to a certain extent, to S. plaumanni. It differs from these by the paraphyses rami which are thick with blunt apices (Figure 10E) and by the female abdominal sternite VII with the posterior margin concave (Figure 10F).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A43F87EEDE1CFFEC841EFA277C63FC5D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leal, Afonso Henrique;Creão-Duarte, Antonio José;Mejdalani, Gabriel	Leal, Afonso Henrique, Creão-Duarte, Antonio José, Mejdalani, Gabriel (2016): Taxonomic review of Scopogonalia Young, 1977 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini) with description of six new species. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 50 (23): 1513-1542, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530
A43F87EEDE1EFFEA8435FC0A7FB7FC56.text	A43F87EEDE1EFFEA8435FC0A7FB7FC56.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scopogonalia osteiphera Leal & Creao-Duarte 2016	<div><p>Scopogonalia osteiphera Leal &amp; Creão-Duarte sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figure 11)</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Sharpshooters with predominant green colour, transversal bone shaped black macula on anterior third of pronotum, fore wings with some cells and longitudinal veins dark brown to black; aedeagus with an apical and a subapical dentiform process on ventral portion and dorsoapical portion expanded as hood-like structure; paraphyses with rami strongly curved dorsally, with acute apices, embracing aedeagus.</p> <p>Comment</p> <p>The presence of a transversal bone shaped black macula on the pronotum is a symplesiomorphy of S. osteiphera. Although better observed in S. osteiphera, the presence of a hood-like structure on the dorsoapical portion of aedeagus is also symplesiomorphic for this species. The ventral subapical process of the aedeagus is a homoplastic autapomorphy of S. osteiphera, and the apical one is a symplesiomorphy of a large clade in which this species is included (Leal 2014).</p> <p>Type locality. 26.39477° S, 065.30345° W; 788 m; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-65.30345&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.39477" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -65.30345/lat -26.39477)">Choromoro</a>, Tucumán, Argentina.</p> <p>Length. Male holotype, 4.6 mm; female paratypes, 5.6–6.1 mm.</p> <p>External morphology</p> <p>Head (Figure 11A), in dorsal view, moderately produced anteriorly, median length of crown about 1/2 interocular width and 1/3 transocular width; anterior margin narrowly rounded in dorsal view; ocelli located behind anterior eye angles, each closer to adjacent anterior eye angle than to median line of crown, situated at pair of slight concavities. Pronotum (Figure 11A) with width approximately equal to transocular width; with pair of concavities near anterior margin; lateral margins slightly convergent anteriorly; posterior margin slightly concave; dorsopleural carinae complete and oblique. Fore wings (Figure 11A) opaque; membrane including all of apical cells, extending forward along costal margin as far as basal half of wing. Hind legs with femoral setal formula 2:1:1; length of first tarsomere greater than combined length of two more distal ones.</p> <p>Coloration</p> <p>Ground colour of crown, anterior third of pronotum and mesonotum greenish-yellow, remainder of dorsum dark green (Figure 11A). Crown with Y-shaped black macula on median portion, with pair of arches at apices of arms of Y-shaped macula (Figure 11A). Pronotum with five black maculae: yellow anterior portion with median transversal one with broadened ends reminding the shape of a bone, and two transversal oval ones on lateral portions; posterior green portion with pair of arched maculae on posterior margin (Figure 11A). Mesonotum with pair of black maculae on basal angles, partially concealed under pronotum, and V-shaped macula on median portion (Figure 11A). Fore wings with some cells dark brown to black and concolourous stripes on and beside veins (Figure 11A). Face with frons greenish-yellow with slight transversal stripes on muscle impressions; remainder of face pale yellow. Lateral lobe of pronotum with black area just below dorsopleural carina; mesosternum black; legs and ventral portion of abdomen pale yellow; tergum of abdomen black.</p> <p>Male genitalia</p> <p>Pygofer (Figure 11B), in lateral view, moderately produced posteriorly; dorsal margin approximately rectilinear, oblique; posteroventral margin broadly convex; apex acute; numerous macrosetae near apex and along margins; slender process arising from ventral margin and extending posterodorsally as far as apex of pygofer. Subgenital plates (Figure 11C) subtriangular, not extending as far posteriorly as apex of pygofer, gradually tapered towards apex; macrosetae uniseriate along outer margin. Styles (Figure 11D) slender, without preapical lobe, not extending as far posteriorly as apex of connective, broadly curved ventrally, reminiscent of arches, with strong angular projection. Connective (Figure 11D) Y-shaped. Aedeagus (Figure 11E), in lateral view, directed posterodorsally, with two dentiform processes on ventral portion: apical and subapical one; dorsoapical portion expanded as hood-like structure. Paraphyses extending below shaft of aedeagus at base; rami strongly curved dorsally, with acute apices, embracing aedeagus.</p> <p>Female genitalia</p> <p>Abdominal sternite VII (Figure 11F) longer than wide, gradually tapered posteriorly; posterior margin with concavity, slight round prominence inside it. Valvulae II (Figure 11G) expanded beyond basal curvature and tapered towards acute apex; ventral margin approximately rectilinear; dorsal margin approximately parallel to ventral margin; preapical prominence distinct; inclined trapezoid teeth on basal and median portions (Figure 11H), becoming triangular towards apex (Figure 11I); first ones with posterior flat area, which becomes gradually smaller towards apex, where it is absent (Figure11J); denticles on all teeth and on apical portion; ventral dentate apical portion greater than dorsal one (Figure11J).</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>The species epithet, osteiphera (from Greek: osteos, bone + phero, to bear), refers to the bone shaped macula on pronotum.</p> <p>Type material</p> <p>Holotype: male, ‘ ARGENTINA: Tucuman Prov. \ Km 1346 rt 9\ S 26.39477° W 065.30345°\ 788m 20.i.2008 \ D.M. Takiya sweep’ (DZRJ). Paratypes: one female, same data as holotype (DZRJ); one female: ‘ ARGENTINA: Misiones \ Prov. Rt 12 4KmW\ Capiovi 23.i.2008 \ D. M. Takiya sweep’ (DZUP); one female: ‘ ARGENTINA: Salta Prov. \ Palomitas, Km 1535 rt. 9\ S 24.89399° W 064.99311°\ 750m 19.i.2008 \D.M. Takiya sweep’ (DZUP); one female: ‘ ARGENTINA: Salta Prov.\ Los Nogales, Km 1547 rt. 9\ S 24.80173° W 064.99311°\ 800m 19.i.2008 \ D.M. Takiya sweep’ (DZUP).</p> <p>Comparative notes</p> <p>The new species externally resembles S. interruptula, as mentioned above. It differs from this by the paired paraphyses, by the male pygofer (Figure 11B) with acute apex, by the aedeagus (Figure 11E) with two ventral dentiform processes, as in S. subolivacea, and a hood-like structure, as in S. penicula and S. altmanni.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A43F87EEDE1EFFEA8435FC0A7FB7FC56	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leal, Afonso Henrique;Creão-Duarte, Antonio José;Mejdalani, Gabriel	Leal, Afonso Henrique, Creão-Duarte, Antonio José, Mejdalani, Gabriel (2016): Taxonomic review of Scopogonalia Young, 1977 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini) with description of six new species. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 50 (23): 1513-1542, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530
