taxonID	type	description	language	source
A43F87EEDE06FFFB84BAFAAC79CDFB67.taxon	description	(Figures 1 – 11)	en	Leal, Afonso Henrique, Creão-Duarte, Antonio José, Mejdalani, Gabriel (2016): Taxonomic review of Scopogonalia Young, 1977 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini) with description of six new species. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 50 (23): 1513-1542, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530
A43F87EEDE06FFFB84BAFAAC79CDFB67.taxon	type_taxon	Type species Tettigonia subolivacea Stål, 1862 Diagnosis Small sharpshooters (4.6 – 7.7 mm) with dark brown to black macula on transition from crown to face; median and internal anteapical cells of fore wings open basally; male pygofer with long and slender process arising from ventral margin, apex of process brush-like or acute (in S. golbachi); connective long; paraphyses branched dorsoventrally at base, with dorsal and ventral branches articulated, respectively, with base of aedeagus and apex of connective, with two rami apically or only one (in S. interruptula).	en	Leal, Afonso Henrique, Creão-Duarte, Antonio José, Mejdalani, Gabriel (2016): Taxonomic review of Scopogonalia Young, 1977 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini) with description of six new species. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 50 (23): 1513-1542, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530
A43F87EEDE06FFFB84BAFAAC79CDFB67.taxon	discussion	Comment The basally open median and internal anteapical cells of the fore wings resulted as two apomorphies of the genus (Leal 2014). Length. 4.6 – 7.7 mm. External morphology Head (Figures 1, 2 A, 3, 6 A, 7 A, 8 A, 9 A, 10 A, 11 A) slightly to moderately produced anteriorly, median length of crown from 2 / 5 to 2 / 3 interocular width and from 1 / 4 to 2 / 5 transocular width; anterior margin, in dorsal view, narrowly or broadly rounded; without carina at transition from crown to face; ocelli located behind or aligned to anterior eye angles, each closer to adjacent anterior eye angle than to median line of crown, or equidistant between them; surface usually with slight concavity transversally to ocelli, without median fovea, without sculpturing or setae; frontogenal sutures extending onto crown and attaining ocelli; antennal ledges, in dorsal view, not protuberant and, in lateral view, with anterior margin convex; face without pubescence; frons convex, muscle impressions not distinct; epistomal suture complete; clypeus not strongly produced, its profile continuing contour of frons. Thorax (Figures 1, 2 A, 3, 6 A, 7 A, 8 A, 9 A, 10 A, 11 A) with pronotum width approximately equal to or less than transocular width; lateral margins slightly convergent anteriorly or parallel; dorsopleural carinae complete; posterior margin slightly concave; disc without punctures and almost always not rugose, glabrous; mesonotum with scutellum almost always not striate. Fore wings hyaline or opaque, without sculpturing, with membrane including all four apical cells and extending anteriorly along costal margin to basal half of wing, occasionally including apical portion of anteapical cells; veins distinct or not; with four apical cells, base of third more distal than bases of second and fourth; internal and median anteapical cells open basally; without anteapical plexus of veins; fore wing of female, in rest position, exceeding apex of ovipositor. Hind legs with femoral setal formula 2: 1: 1; length of first tarsomere equal to or (more commonly) greater than combined length of two more distal tarsomeres and with two parallel longitudinal rows of small setae on plantar surface. Male genitalia Pygofer (Figures 2 C, 4 A, 6 B, 7 B, 8 B, 9 B, 10 B, 11 B) moderately produced posteriorly (exception: S. dolixoura sp. nov., in which it is strongly produced; Figure 9 B); narrowly convex posterodorsally, posteroventral margin broadly convex; with numerous macrosetae on posterior 2 / 3 of disc; with slender process arising from ventral margin, extending posteriorly or posterodorsally, with sclerotized brush-like structure at apex, except in S. golbachi, where apex is acute. Subgenital plates (Figures 2 D, 4 B, 6 C, 7 C, 8 C, 9 C, 10 C, 11 C) broadly triangular, not extending posteriorly as far as apex of pygofer, each tapered from its apical half; with macrosetae usually multiseriate near base and uniseriate towards apex. Styles (Figures 2 E, 4 C, 6 D, 7 D, 8 D, 9 D, 10 D, 11 D) with or without preapical lobe, not extending posteriorly as far as apex of connective. Connective (Figures 2 E, 4 C, 6 D, 7 D, 8 D, 9 D, 11 D) slender, Y-shaped. Aedeagus curved dorsally (Figures 2 F, 4 D, 5, 6 E, 7 E, 8 E, 9 E, 11 E) or ventrally (Figure 10 E); with one or more processes. Paraphyses (Figures 2 F, 4 D, 5, 6 E, 7 E – F, 8 – 11 E) with dorsoventral branching at base, articulated with base of aedeagus and apex of connective by dorsal and ventral branches, respectively; with pair of apical lateral rami (except in S. interruptula with single ramus; Figure 4 C). Female genitalia Abdominal sternite VII strongly produced posteriorly and gradually narrowed; posterior margin concave (Figures 2 G, 6 F, 10 F, 11 F) or convex (Figures 7 G, 8 F). ‘ Internal’ abdominal sternite VIII located dorsally at base of ovipositor, with sclerites. Pygofer narrowed and subacute apically; with macrosetae on posterior half. Valvulae I slightly curved, with dorsal and ventral margins approximately parallel, apex acute; dorsal and ventral sculptured areas covered with scale-like structures arranged in oblique lines; ventral sculptured area restricted to apex and dorsal sculptured area from just posterior to basal curvature to apex. Valvulae II (Figures 2 H, 6 G, 7 H – K, 8 G – J, 10 G, 11 G – J) expanded beyond basal curvature; dorsal margin approximately parallel to ventral margin (Figures 2 H, 6 G, 10 G) or convex (Figures 7 H, 8 G); preapical prominence distinct (Figure 11 J) or not (Figures 7 K, 8 J); apex narrow; primary teeth all triangular (Figures 7 I – J, 8 H – I) or inclined trapezoid on basal and median portions (Figure 11 H), becoming triangular towards apex (Figure 11 I); first ones with flat posterior area, which becomes gradually smaller towards apex, where it is absent; denticles on all teeth and on apical portion; ventral dentate apical area greater than (Figure 11 J), equal to (Figure 7 K) or smaller (Figure 8 J) than dorsal one. Comment Our genus description corresponds basically to that of Young (1977) with the addition of the variation found in the new species and details of the female genitalia described by Mejdalani (1995), especially the ones of the valvulae II of the ovipositor. Species included in Scopogonalia S. agkistroides sp. nov. Brazil (Mato Grosso). S. alba sp. nov. Brazil (Piauí and Paraíba).	en	Leal, Afonso Henrique, Creão-Duarte, Antonio José, Mejdalani, Gabriel (2016): Taxonomic review of Scopogonalia Young, 1977 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini) with description of six new species. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 50 (23): 1513-1542, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530
A43F87EEDE06FFFB84BAFAAC79CDFB67.taxon	description	S. dolixoura sp. nov. Brazil (Mato Grosso).	en	Leal, Afonso Henrique, Creão-Duarte, Antonio José, Mejdalani, Gabriel (2016): Taxonomic review of Scopogonalia Young, 1977 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini) with description of six new species. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 50 (23): 1513-1542, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530
A43F87EEDE09FFF984D4FB2A7C3EFD26.taxon	description	(Figure 2)	en	Leal, Afonso Henrique, Creão-Duarte, Antonio José, Mejdalani, Gabriel (2016): Taxonomic review of Scopogonalia Young, 1977 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini) with description of six new species. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 50 (23): 1513-1542, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530
A43F87EEDE09FFF984D4FB2A7C3EFD26.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Green sharpshooters; male pygofer with apex acute; aedeagus with pair of apical wingshaped processes and two ventral separate dentiform processes: an apical and a subapical one; paraphyses with pair of short rami with acute apices.	en	Leal, Afonso Henrique, Creão-Duarte, Antonio José, Mejdalani, Gabriel (2016): Taxonomic review of Scopogonalia Young, 1977 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini) with description of six new species. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 50 (23): 1513-1542, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530
A43F87EEDE09FFF984D4FB2A7C3EFD26.taxon	discussion	Comment The presence of the subapical dentiform ventral process of the aedeagus is a homoplastic autapomorphy of S. subolivacea shared with S. osteiphera sp. nov., S. amazonensis sp. nov. and S. oglobini (Leal 2014). Length. Males, 5.2 – 5.6 mm; females, 5.4 – 6.0 mm. External morphology Head (Figure 2 A) moderately produced anteriorly, median length of crown about 1 / 2 interocular width and 1 / 3 transocular width; anterior margin broadly rounded in dorsal view; ocelli located behind anterior eye angles, each closer to adjacent eye angle than to median line of crown, situated at pair of slight concavities. Pronotum (Figure 2 A) with width approximately equal to transocular width, lateral margins convergent anteriorly, dorsopleural carinae complete and oblique, disc smooth; mesonotum with scutellum not striate. Fore wings (Figure 2 B) opaque; membrane including all of apical cells, extending anteriorly along costal margin as far as basal half of wing. Hind legs with length of first tarsomere greater than combined length of two more distal ones. Coloration Background colour of crown, anterior third of pronotum, and mesonotum yellow, rest of dorsum dark green (Figure 2 A, B). Crown (Figure 2 A) with green round maculae including ocelli, Y-shaped brown macula on median portion. Pronotum (Figure 2 A) with black transverse macula with broadened ends on anterior third. Mesonotum (Figure 2 A) with pair of black maculae on basal angles, partially concealed by pronotum. Fore wings (Figure 2 B) with longitudinal veins dark in some specimens. Face with frons greenishyellow, mesosternum black, legs and ventral portion of abdomen pale yellow. Male genitalia Pygofer (Figure 2 C), in lateral view, moderately produced posteriorly; dorsal margin approximately rectilinear, oblique; posteroventral margin broadly convex; apex acute; macrosetae more numerous near apex, gradually scattered along margins; slender process arising from ventral margin, extending posterodorsally as far as pygofer apex, internal and parallel to posteroventral margin. Subgenital plates (Figure 2 D) subtriangular, not extending as far posteriorly as apex of pygofer, gradually tapered towards apex; macrosetae uniseriate along outer margin. Styles (Figure 2 E) slender, without preapical lobe, not extending as far posteriorly as apex of connective, curved outwards. Connective (Figure 2 E) Y-shaped. Aedeagus (Figure 2 F), in lateral view, directed posteriorly, with two dentiform processes on ventral portion: an apical and a subapical one, pair of wing-shaped processes on dorsolateral portions of apex. Paraphyses (Figure 2 F) paired, symmetrical, extending below shaft of aedeagus; rami short, curved dorsally and approximately parallel. Female genitalia Abdominal sternite VII (Figure 2 G) longer than wide, gradually tapered; posterior margin with concavity with slight round prominence at middle. Valvulae II (Figure 2 H) with ventral margin approximately rectilinear, dorsal margin approximately parallel to ventral one; preapical prominence distinct; primary teeth inclined trapezoid on basal and median portions (Figure 11 H), becoming triangular towards apex (Figure 11 I); first ones with posterior flat area, which becomes gradually smaller towards apex, where it is absent (Figure 11 J); denticles on all teeth and on apical portion; ventral dentate apical area greater than dorsal one (Figure 11 J).	en	Leal, Afonso Henrique, Creão-Duarte, Antonio José, Mejdalani, Gabriel (2016): Taxonomic review of Scopogonalia Young, 1977 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini) with description of six new species. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 50 (23): 1513-1542, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530
A43F87EEDE09FFF984D4FB2A7C3EFD26.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined One male: ‘ Represa RIO GRANDE \ Guanabara [nowadays Rio de Janeiro] Brasil \ XII- 1960 \ Werner e Alvarenga’ (DZUP); one male and one female: ‘ Rep. [Represa] Rio Grande \ IX. 1972 \ M. Alvarenga col. ’ (MNRJ); one male and one female: ‘ SILVA JARDIM-RJ \ BRASIL III / 74 \ F. M. Oliveira leg. ’ (DZUP); one female: ‘ S. [Santa] M. [Maria] Madalena \ 750 m Est. [Estado do] Rio [de Janeiro] \ Brasil VII- 1960 \ M. Alvarenga leg. ’ (DZUP); one female: ‘ MORRO AZUL – RJ \ 31 / XII / 1992 \ G. MEJDALANI col. ’ (DZRJ); one female: ‘ JARDIM BOTÂNICO \ RIO DE JANEIRO \ 31 / X / 1990 \ G. MEJDALANI col. ’ (DZRJ). Comparative notes Scopogonalia subolivacea has a colour pattern similar to those of S. paula Young (Mejdalani 1995) and S. amazonensis sp. nov. It differs from these mainly because of the two conspicuous dentiform processes on the ventral portion of the aedeagus (Figure 2 F). Scopogonalia paula has a single process, the apical one, and S. amazonensis presents both processes but they are reduced and partly fused (Figure 6 E).	en	Leal, Afonso Henrique, Creão-Duarte, Antonio José, Mejdalani, Gabriel (2016): Taxonomic review of Scopogonalia Young, 1977 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini) with description of six new species. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 50 (23): 1513-1542, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530
A43F87EEDE0BFFE684EBFCE37CB8F94B.taxon	description	(Figures 3, 4)	en	Leal, Afonso Henrique, Creão-Duarte, Antonio José, Mejdalani, Gabriel (2016): Taxonomic review of Scopogonalia Young, 1977 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini) with description of six new species. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 50 (23): 1513-1542, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530
A43F87EEDE0BFFE684EBFCE37CB8F94B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Green sharpshooters with dark broad longitudinal stripes; aedeagus, in lateral view, directed posterodorsally, almost straight from curvature at base, with pair of dentiform processes on dorsal portion; paraphysis (i. e. with a single ramus) directed posteriorly.	en	Leal, Afonso Henrique, Creão-Duarte, Antonio José, Mejdalani, Gabriel (2016): Taxonomic review of Scopogonalia Young, 1977 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini) with description of six new species. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 50 (23): 1513-1542, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530
A43F87EEDE0BFFE684EBFCE37CB8F94B.taxon	discussion	Comment The paraphysis (i. e. with a single ramus) is an autapomorphy of S. interruptula (Leal 2014). Type locality. ‘ Chapada’, Brazil. Length. Male allotype, 5.5 mm; female holotype, 6.0 mm. External morphology Head (Figure 3) moderately produced anteriorly, median length of crown about 1 / 2 interocular width and 1 / 3 transocular width; anterior margin narrowly rounded in dorsal view; ocelli located behind anterior eye angles, each closer to adjacent anterior eye angle than to median line of crown, situated at pair of slight concavities. Pronotum (Figure 3) with width approximately equal to transocular width of crown; lateral margins convergent anteriorly; dorsopleural carinae complete and oblique; disc smooth. Fore wings (Figure 3) opaque; membrane including all of apical cells, extending anteriorly along costal margin as far as basal half of wing. Hind legs with femoral apical setal formula 2: 1: 1; length of first tarsomere greater than combined length of two more distal ones. Coloration Background colour of crown, anterior third of pronotum, and mesonotum light green; remainder of dorsum dark green (Figure 3 B). Crown with dark brown transversal stripe anterior to ocelli, forked at ends, and dark brown transversal stripe along posterior margin with projections attaining ocelli; dark brown line on median line of crown linking both transversal stripes (Figure 3 B). Anterior third of pronotum with dark brown transversal stripe forked at ends, with short anterior branches, posterior branches extending posteriorly as far as mesonotum and returning to pronotum (Figure 3 B). Mesonotum (Figure 3 B) with three dark brown maculae: two on basal angles continuous with stripes of pronotum and median one extending from base to scutellar suture. Fore wings (Figure 3 B) with dark brown stripes on and beside longitudinal veins. Face and ventral body parts yellow; pair of dark brown longitudinal stripes on muscle impressions. Male genitalia Pygofer (Figure 4 A), in lateral view, moderately produced posteriorly; dorsal margin concave; ventral margin approximately rectilinear; apex narrowly rounded; numerous macrosetae from apical half to apex, scattered basally; slender process arising from ventral margin, extending posteriorly as far as apex of pygofer. Subgenital plates (Figure 4 B) subtriangular, not extending posteriorly as far as apex of pygofer, gradually tapered towards narrow apical portion; macrosetae multiseriate near base, becoming uniseriate towards apex. Styles (Figure 4 C) slender, without preapical lobe, not extending posteriorly as far as apex of connective; apex obliquely truncate. Connective (Figure 4 C) Y-shaped. Aedeagus (Figure 4 D), in lateral view, directed posterodorsally, almost straight from curvature at base; apex acute, with pair of dentiform processes on dorsal portion. Paraphysis (Figure 4 D) with ramus directed posteriorly, apex acute. Female. Unavailable for dissection.	en	Leal, Afonso Henrique, Creão-Duarte, Antonio José, Mejdalani, Gabriel (2016): Taxonomic review of Scopogonalia Young, 1977 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini) with description of six new species. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 50 (23): 1513-1542, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530
A43F87EEDE0BFFE684EBFCE37CB8F94B.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Female holotype: ‘ Chapada \ Brazil \ Acc. No. 2966 ’, ‘ Nov. ’, ‘ TYPE’, ‘ Cicadella \ interruptula \ H. O. ’ (CMNH). Male allotype: ‘ Chapada \ Brazil \ Acc. No. 2966 ’, ‘ ALLOTYPE’, ‘ Scopogonalia \ interruptula \ (Osb.) \ Young 1971 ’ (CMNH). Comparative notes Scopogonalia interruptula resembles externally S. paula and S. osteiphera sp. nov. (Figure 11 A) by the green colour and the broad dark brown stripes on and beside the longitudinal veins of the fore wings. However, it is different from these and any other species of the genus because of the single paraphysis (Figure 4 D), instead of the paraphyses of the other ones.	en	Leal, Afonso Henrique, Creão-Duarte, Antonio José, Mejdalani, Gabriel (2016): Taxonomic review of Scopogonalia Young, 1977 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini) with description of six new species. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 50 (23): 1513-1542, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530
A43F87EEDE15FFE784DEFC9B7960FB1F.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined One male and one female: ‘ ARGENTINA: Salta Prov., \ 10 km N Rosario de la Frontera \ Km 1436 rt. 9, 814 m \ S 25 º 42.546 ʹ W 064 º 56.623 ʹ \ D. M. Takiya 20. i. 2008 sweep’ (DZRJ). Male also with label: ‘ Scopogonalia \ altmani [sic] \ Cavichioli \ D M TAKIYA det. 2007 ’.	en	Leal, Afonso Henrique, Creão-Duarte, Antonio José, Mejdalani, Gabriel (2016): Taxonomic review of Scopogonalia Young, 1977 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini) with description of six new species. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 50 (23): 1513-1542, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530
A43F87EEDE15FFE784DEFC9B7960FB1F.taxon	discussion	Comment Scopogonalia altmanni had been previously recorded from Paraná state, south Brazil (Cavichioli 1986). With the new record, the distribution of the species is expanded towards northwest Argentina, being the first record of the species out of Brazil.	en	Leal, Afonso Henrique, Creão-Duarte, Antonio José, Mejdalani, Gabriel (2016): Taxonomic review of Scopogonalia Young, 1977 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini) with description of six new species. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 50 (23): 1513-1542, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530
A43F87EEDE15FFE784CAFF61791EFCCE.taxon	description	(Figure 5)	en	Leal, Afonso Henrique, Creão-Duarte, Antonio José, Mejdalani, Gabriel (2016): Taxonomic review of Scopogonalia Young, 1977 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini) with description of six new species. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 50 (23): 1513-1542, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530
A43F87EEDE15FFE784CAFF61791EFCCE.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined One male and one female: ‘ Goiânia – GO \ 30 / X / 2000 \ B. Silva col. ’ (DZUP); one male, same data, except: ‘ 06 / XI / 2000 ’ (DZUP); one male, same data, except: ‘ 20 / XI / 2000 ’ (DZUP); one female, same data, except: ‘ 13 / XI / 2000 ’ (DZUP); one male, same data, except: ‘ 27 / XII / 2000 ’ (DZUP); one male, same data, except: ‘ 06 / XI / 2001 ’ (DZUP); one male: ‘ CPo. [Campo] GRANDE MT [nowadays MS, Mato Grosso do Sul] \ Brasil – XI 1952 \ M. Alvarenga’ (DZUP); one male: ‘ Tabuleiro, Res. Biol. [Reserva Biológica] Guaribas, \ Paraíba, Brasil \ Rede de arrasto \ 06. IX. 2010 \ Creão & Afonso [Leal] ’ (DSEC); one male and one female: ‘ BRASIL: Paraíba \ Mamanguape, REBIO [Reserva Biológica] \ Guaribas. Area 1 \ Sweep. 01. Mar. 2012 \ A. H. Leal leg’. (DSEC).	en	Leal, Afonso Henrique, Creão-Duarte, Antonio José, Mejdalani, Gabriel (2016): Taxonomic review of Scopogonalia Young, 1977 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini) with description of six new species. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 50 (23): 1513-1542, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530
A43F87EEDE15FFE784CAFF61791EFCCE.taxon	discussion	Comment Scopogonalia echinura had been previously recorded from Santa Elena de Uairén in south Venezuela (Young 1977) and from Vichada department in east Colombia (Freytag and Sharkey 2002), being here newly recorded from central and northeast Brazil. The original description (Young 1977, fig. 439 f) does not mention the pair of tiny dorsolateral dentiform processes at the apex of the aedeagus observed in our studied specimens (Figure 5).	en	Leal, Afonso Henrique, Creão-Duarte, Antonio José, Mejdalani, Gabriel (2016): Taxonomic review of Scopogonalia Young, 1977 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini) with description of six new species. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 50 (23): 1513-1542, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530
A43F87EEDE15FFE58444FAC47ECFFCE8.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Green sharpshooters, crown and anterior third of pronotum yellow; aedeagus with two small semi-fused dentiform processes on ventral portion: one subapical and one apical, and pair of wing-shaped processes on dorsoapical portion.	en	Leal, Afonso Henrique, Creão-Duarte, Antonio José, Mejdalani, Gabriel (2016): Taxonomic review of Scopogonalia Young, 1977 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini) with description of six new species. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 50 (23): 1513-1542, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530
A43F87EEDE15FFE58444FAC47ECFFCE8.taxon	discussion	Comment The presence of the subapical dentiform process is a homoplastic autapomorphy of S. amazonensis sp. nov. shared with S. subolivacea, S. osteiphera sp. nov. and S. oglobini, whereas the pair of wing-shaped processes of the aedeagus is a homoplastic autapomorphy of S. amazonensis sp. nov. shared with S. subolivacea (Leal 2014). Type locality. Itacoatiara, Amazonas state, Brazil. Length. Male holotype, 5.7 mm. Male paratypes, 5.0 – 5.9 mm; female paratypes, 6.0 mm. External morphology Head (Figure 6 A) moderately produced anteriorly, median length of crown approximately 1 / 2 interocular width and 1 / 3 transocular width; anterior margin narrowly rounded in dorsal view; ocelli located behind anterior eye angles, each closer to adjacent anterior eye angle than to median line of crown, situated at pair of slight concavities. Pronotum (Figure 6 A) with width approximately equal to transocular width; lateral margins convergent anteriorly; dorsopleural carinae incomplete, not attaining eyes, oblique. Fore wings (Figure 6 A) opaque, membrane including all of apical cells, extending anteriorly along costal margin as far as basal half of wing. Hind legs with length of first tarsomere greater than combined length of two more distal ones. Coloration Background colour of crown, anterior third of pronotum, and mesonotum greenish-yellow, remainder of dorsum green (Figure 6 A). Crown with round green maculae on and around ocelli (Figure 6 A). Ventral region of body yellow; tergum of abdomen dark brown to black. Male genitalia Pygofer (Figure 6 B), in lateral view, moderately produced posteriorly; dorsal margin slightly concave; posterodorsal margin broadly convex; apex acute; process arising from ventral margin and extending posterodorsally as far as apex of pygofer. Subgenital plates (Figure 6 C) not extending posteriorly as far as apex of pygofer, gradually tapered towards apex; macrosetae uniseriate along outer margins. Styles (Figure 6 D) slender, without preapical lobe, strongly curved. Connective (Figure 6 D) Y-shaped. Aedeagus (Figure 6 E), in lateral view, directed posterodorsally, with two tiny semi-fused dentiform processes on ventral portion, larger subapical one and smaller apical one, and pair of wing-shaped processes on dorsoapical portion (Figure 6 E – F). Paraphyses (Figure 6 E) paired, extending below aedeagus, with rami curved dorsally, not attaining aedeagus. Female genitalia Abdominal sternite VII (Figure 6 G) longer than wide, lateral margins parallel, tapering near apex; posterior margin with concavity. Valvulae II (Figure 6 H) expanded beyond basal curvature and gradually tapered towards acute apex; dorsal margin approximately rectilinear and parallel to ventral margin; preapical prominence distinct; teeth of basal and median portions inclined trapezoid (Figure 11 H), becoming triangular towards apex (Figure 11 I); first ones with flat posterior area, which becomes gradually smaller towards apex, where it is absent; denticles on all teeth and on apical portion; ventral dentate apical portion greater than dorsal one (Figure 11 J).	en	Leal, Afonso Henrique, Creão-Duarte, Antonio José, Mejdalani, Gabriel (2016): Taxonomic review of Scopogonalia Young, 1977 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini) with description of six new species. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 50 (23): 1513-1542, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530
A43F87EEDE15FFE58444FAC47ECFFCE8.taxon	etymology	Etymology The species epithet, amazonensis, refers to the Amazon region, where the specimens were found.	en	Leal, Afonso Henrique, Creão-Duarte, Antonio José, Mejdalani, Gabriel (2016): Taxonomic review of Scopogonalia Young, 1977 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini) with description of six new species. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 50 (23): 1513-1542, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530
A43F87EEDE15FFE58444FAC47ECFFCE8.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype: male, ‘ Brasil-AM [Amazonas state] / Itacoatiara \ Madeireira MIL, 024510 S \ 583911 W, 29 – 30. xi. 2005 \ Luminosa móvel, J. A. \ Rafael, R. J. Machado & \ A. Silva Filho leg. ’ (INPA). Paratypes: three males (INPA) with the same data as holotype; one male and two females: ‘ Rio Branco-AC [Acre state] \ 12 - Jan- 2004 \ Albuquerque, E. S. ’ (DZUP).	en	Leal, Afonso Henrique, Creão-Duarte, Antonio José, Mejdalani, Gabriel (2016): Taxonomic review of Scopogonalia Young, 1977 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini) with description of six new species. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 50 (23): 1513-1542, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530
A43F87EEDE15FFE58444FAC47ECFFCE8.taxon	discussion	Comment Apparently, Young (1977, fig. 435) based on specimens of S. amazonensis his interpretation of S. subolivacea from Chanchamayo, Peru. The paratypes from Acre state have the pronotum almost completely yellow, with the posterior part light green. The fore wings also present a less intense tonality of green than the specimens from Amazonas do. However, the comparison of the male genitalia of specimens from both states support the hypothesis that they belong to the same species. Comparative notes This species resembles S. subolivacea, but differs from the latter by the small and semifused dentiform processes of the ventral aedeagal portion (Figure 6 E) and by the narrower wing-shaped lateral processes (Figure 6 E – F). The rami of the paraphyses are also longer in the new species than in S. subolivacea (Figure 6 E).	en	Leal, Afonso Henrique, Creão-Duarte, Antonio José, Mejdalani, Gabriel (2016): Taxonomic review of Scopogonalia Young, 1977 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini) with description of six new species. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 50 (23): 1513-1542, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530
A43F87EEDE17FFE3840FFCB57C6AFD43.taxon	description	(Figure 7)	en	Leal, Afonso Henrique, Creão-Duarte, Antonio José, Mejdalani, Gabriel (2016): Taxonomic review of Scopogonalia Young, 1977 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini) with description of six new species. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 50 (23): 1513-1542, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530
A43F87EEDE17FFE3840FFCB57C6AFD43.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Pale yellow sharpshooters; aedeagus directed posterodorsally with dentiform process on ventroapical portion and pair of large and broad dentiform processes on dorsoapical portion; paraphyses with rami curved dorsally and strongly curved outwards; valvulae II with dorsal portion sclerotized and well delimited and ventral and dorsal margins of dentate apical area with approximately the same length.	en	Leal, Afonso Henrique, Creão-Duarte, Antonio José, Mejdalani, Gabriel (2016): Taxonomic review of Scopogonalia Young, 1977 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini) with description of six new species. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 50 (23): 1513-1542, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530
A43F87EEDE17FFE3840FFCB57C6AFD43.taxon	discussion	Comment The well delimited, sclerotized dorsal portion of the ovipositor valvulae II is a synapomorphy of S. alba and S. agkistroides. The ventral and dorsal margins of the dentate apical area of the valvulae II with approximately the same length is an autapomorphy of S. alba (Leal 2014). Type locality. Reserva Biológica Guaribas, Mamanguape, Paraíba, Brazil. Length. Male holotype, 7.2 mm; male paratypes, 6.4 – 7.2 mm; female paratypes, 7.2 – 7.7 mm. External morphology Head (Figure 7 A), in dorsal view, moderately produced anteriorly, median length of crown about 1 / 2 interocular width and 1 / 3 transocular width; anterior margin broadly rounded in dorsal view; ocelli located behind anterior eye angles, each closer to adjacent anterior eye angle than to median line of crown, situated at pair of slight concavities. Pronotum (Figure 7 A) with width approximately equal to transocular width of crown; lateral margins convergent anteriorly; dorsopleural carinae incomplete, not attaining eye, oblique; mesonotum with scutellum not striate. Fore wings (Figure 7 A) completely hyaline. Hind legs with length of first tarsomere greater than combined length of two more distal ones. Coloration Crown, anterior third of pronotum, mesonotum and fore wings pale yellow (Figure 7 A). Posterior two-thirds of pronotum light brown (Figure 7 A). Crown with pair of dark brown round maculae including ocelli (Figure 7 A). Tergum of abdomen dark brown. Face, ventral portion of body and legs pale yellow. Prothorax, in lateral view, with a dark brown macula just behind eye. Male genitalia Pygofer (Figure 7 B), in lateral view, moderately produced posteriorly; dorsal margin approximately rectilinear; posteroventral margin broadly convex; apex narrowly rounded; numerous macrosetae near apex and along posteroventral margin, gradually scattered along dorsal margin; elongate process arising from ventral margin and extending posterodorsally, almost attaining apex of pygofer. Subgenital plates (Figure 7 C) subtriangular, not extending as far posteriorly as apex of pygofer, gradually tapered towards narrow apical portion; macrosetae multiseriate near base thence uniseriate towards apex. Styles (Figure 7 D) slender, with preapical lobe, not extending as far posteriorly as apex of connective, curved outwards. Connective (Figure 7 D) Y-shaped. Aedeagus (Figure 7 E), in lateral view, directed posterodorsally, with dentiform process on ventroapical portion and pair of large and broad dentiform processes on dorsoapical portion. Paraphyses (Figure 7 E – F) paired, symmetrical, rami curved dorsally and strongly curved outwards. Female genitalia Abdominal sternite VII (Figure 7 G) longer than broad, lateral margins gradually tapered posteriorly; posterior margin convex. Valvulae II (Figure 7 H – K) expanded beyond basal curvature and gradually tapered towards acute apex; ventral margin approximately rectilinear; dorsal margin convex, with thick and well delimited sclerotized portion including teeth (Figure 7 I – J); preapical prominence indistinct (Figure 7 K); primary teeth triangular, distributed along dorsal margin (Figure 3 I – J); first ones with posterior flat area, which becomes gradually smaller towards apex, where it is absent; denticles on all teeth and on apical portion; dorsal and ventral dentate apical portions with approximately same length (Figure 7 K).	en	Leal, Afonso Henrique, Creão-Duarte, Antonio José, Mejdalani, Gabriel (2016): Taxonomic review of Scopogonalia Young, 1977 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini) with description of six new species. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 50 (23): 1513-1542, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530
A43F87EEDE17FFE3840FFCB57C6AFD43.taxon	etymology	Etymology The species epithet, alba (from Latin: white), refers to the light coloration of the body.	en	Leal, Afonso Henrique, Creão-Duarte, Antonio José, Mejdalani, Gabriel (2016): Taxonomic review of Scopogonalia Young, 1977 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini) with description of six new species. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 50 (23): 1513-1542, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530
A43F87EEDE17FFE3840FFCB57C6AFD43.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype: male, ‘ BRASIL: Paraíba, \ Mamanguape, REBIO [Reserva Biológica] \ Guaribas. Area 2 \ Sweep 24. May. 2012 \ A. H. Leal leg. ’ (MNRJ). Paratypes: two females (MNRJ) and one male and one female (DSEC), same data as holotype; one male and two females (MNRJ), same data as holotype, except: 16. Jan. 2012; one male: ‘ BRASIL: PI, Piracuruca – PN [Parque Nacional] de Sete \ Cidades, Riacho da Piedade \ 4 ° 6 ʹ 34,00 ” S 41 ° 43 ʹ 39,00 ” W \ 169 m \ 19. IV. 2012 \ Takiya, D. M. ’ (INPA). Comparative notes The new species resembles S. echinura, S. altmanni, S. oglobini, S. agkistroides sp. nov., and S. dolixoura sp. nov. due to the completely hyaline fore wings. However, the coloration of S. alba sp. nov. is lighter than that of the other species. Its male genitalia differ from those of the others by the following combination of characters: aedeagus with pair of large and broad dorsoapical dentiform processes (Figure 7 E), similar to those of S. nargena, and rami of paraphyses strongly divergent (Figure 7 F). In the female genitalia, the valvulae II of the ovipositor have a thick and welldelimited sclerotized area on the dorsal margin (Figure 7 I – J), also found in S. agkistroides sp. nov., but S. alba sp. nov. is the only one in the genus in which the dorsal and ventral dentate apical portions are approximately the same size (Figure 7 K).	en	Leal, Afonso Henrique, Creão-Duarte, Antonio José, Mejdalani, Gabriel (2016): Taxonomic review of Scopogonalia Young, 1977 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini) with description of six new species. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 50 (23): 1513-1542, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530
A43F87EEDE11FFE1843FFD187CDDFEC6.taxon	description	(Figure 8)	en	Leal, Afonso Henrique, Creão-Duarte, Antonio José, Mejdalani, Gabriel (2016): Taxonomic review of Scopogonalia Young, 1977 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini) with description of six new species. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 50 (23): 1513-1542, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530
A43F87EEDE11FFE1843FFD187CDDFEC6.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Light brown sharpshooters; aedeagus with basal portion directed ventrally and then strongly curved dorsally, hook shaped, with ventroapical dentiform process and pair of dorsolateral processes; valvulae II of ovipositor with sclerotized dorsal portion well delimited and ventral dentate apical portion smaller than dorsal portion.	en	Leal, Afonso Henrique, Creão-Duarte, Antonio José, Mejdalani, Gabriel (2016): Taxonomic review of Scopogonalia Young, 1977 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini) with description of six new species. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 50 (23): 1513-1542, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530
A43F87EEDE11FFE1843FFD187CDDFEC6.taxon	discussion	Comment The valvulae II of the ovipositor with the dorsal portion sclerotized and well delimited is a synapomorphy of S. agkistroides and S. alba (Leal 2014). Type locality. Ribeirão Cascalheira, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Length. Male holotype, 6.2 mm; male paratypes, 6.3 – 6.6 mm; female paratypes, 6.6 – 7.0 mm. External morphology Head (Figure 8 A) moderately produced anteriorly, median length of crown about 1 / 2 interocular width and 1 / 3 transocular width; anterior margin broadly rounded in dorsal view; ocelli located behind anterior eye angles, each closer to adjacent anterior eye angle than to median line of crown, situated at pair of slight concavities. Pronotum (Figure 8 A) with width less than transocular width; lateral margins slightly convergent anteriorly; dorsopleural carinae incomplete, not attaining eyes, oblique. Fore wings (Figure 8 A) completely hyaline. Hind legs with length of first tarsomere approximately equal to combined length of two more distal ones. Coloration Ground colour of crown, pronotum and mesonotum pale yellow (Figure 8 A); pair of dark brown longitudinal stripes on lateral body portions, beginning on prothorax right behind eye and extending to tergum of abdomen; fore wings yellow with dark brown stripe between radius and cubitus, enforcing the stripe on the abdomen, visible by transparency of wings (Figure 8 A). Crown with pair of round dark brown maculae on and around ocelli (Figure 8 A); face light yellow. Male genitalia Pygofer (Figure 8 B), in lateral view, moderately to strongly produced posteriorly, subtriangular; dorsal margin shallowly concave; ventral margin broadly convex; apex narrowly rounded; with numerous macrosetae on posteroventral two-thirds and scattered on dorsal margin; slender process arising from ventral margin, extending posterodorsally and then curved posteriorly, extending as far as apex of pygofer. Subgenital plates (Figure 8 C) subtriangular, extending as far posteriorly as pygofer midlength, gradually tapered towards narrow apical portion; macrosetae multiseriate near base, becoming uniseriate towards apex. Styles (Figure 8 D) without preapical lobe; apex foot-shaped, directed outwards. Connective (Figure 8 D) Y-shaped. Aedeagus (Figure 8 E) hook-shaped, basal half directed posteroventrally, thence strongly curved dorsally; apical portion with ventral dentiform process and pair of flat lateral processes with acute projections. Paraphyses (Figure 8 E) extending below shaft of aedeagus; rami curved dorsally, with apices acute. Female genitalia Abdominal sternite VII (Figure 8 F) longer than wide, lateral margins gradually tapered posteriorly; posterior margin narrowly convex. Valvulae II (Figure 8 G – J) expanded beyond basal curvature and tapered apically; apex acute; ventral margin approximately rectilinear; dorsal margin convex, with thick and well delimited sclerotized portion including teeth (Figure 8 H – J); preapical prominence indistinct (Figure 8 J); teeth triangular, distributed along dorsal margin, with posterior flat area on basal and median portions (Figure 8 H), becoming gradually smaller towards apex (Figure 8 I), where it is absent; denticles on all teeth and on apical portion; dorsal dentate apical portion greater than ventral one (Figure 8 J).	en	Leal, Afonso Henrique, Creão-Duarte, Antonio José, Mejdalani, Gabriel (2016): Taxonomic review of Scopogonalia Young, 1977 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini) with description of six new species. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 50 (23): 1513-1542, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530
A43F87EEDE11FFE1843FFD187CDDFEC6.taxon	etymology	Etymology The species epithet, agkistroides (from Greek: hook shaped), refers to the shape of the aedeagus.	en	Leal, Afonso Henrique, Creão-Duarte, Antonio José, Mejdalani, Gabriel (2016): Taxonomic review of Scopogonalia Young, 1977 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini) with description of six new species. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 50 (23): 1513-1542, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530
A43F87EEDE11FFE1843FFD187CDDFEC6.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype: male, ‘ Ribeirão Cascalheira, MT [Mato Grosso state] \ 22 / VIII / 1997 \ K. Zanol leg’, ‘ Lago do Gato’ (DZUP). Paratypes: two females with same data as holotype (DZUP); two males and two females: ‘ Roy. Soc. / Roy. Geog. Soc. \ Xavantina / Caximbo \ Expedition 1967 – 1969 \ B. M. 1970 – 192 ’, ‘ BRAZIL: Mato Grosso, \ 12 º 49 ’ S- 51 º 45 ʹ W, \ 19. xi. 1968, W. J. Knight. \ Grassland’ (DZUP); one male with the same data as the preceding ones (BMNH). Comparative notes Externally, S. agkistroides resembles S. altmanni, S. echinura, S. oglobini and S. dolixoura sp. nov. due to the presence of hyaline fore wings and a pair of dark brown stripes on the lateral body portions. This species differs from those because of the hook shaped aedeagus (Figure 8 E).	en	Leal, Afonso Henrique, Creão-Duarte, Antonio José, Mejdalani, Gabriel (2016): Taxonomic review of Scopogonalia Young, 1977 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini) with description of six new species. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 50 (23): 1513-1542, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530
A43F87EEDE13FFEE842FFE837FE7FA7A.taxon	description	(Figure 9)	en	Leal, Afonso Henrique, Creão-Duarte, Antonio José, Mejdalani, Gabriel (2016): Taxonomic review of Scopogonalia Young, 1977 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini) with description of six new species. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 50 (23): 1513-1542, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530
A43F87EEDE13FFEE842FFE837FE7FA7A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Light brown sharpshooters with head, in dorsal view, slightly produced anteriorly; male pygofer long and with dorsal margin, in lateral view, very concave; aedeagus with three dentiform processes on apical portion: two dorsolateral and one ventroapical.	en	Leal, Afonso Henrique, Creão-Duarte, Antonio José, Mejdalani, Gabriel (2016): Taxonomic review of Scopogonalia Young, 1977 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini) with description of six new species. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 50 (23): 1513-1542, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530
A43F87EEDE13FFEE842FFE837FE7FA7A.taxon	discussion	Comment The slightly produced head and the very concave shape of the male pygofer are autapomorphies of S. dolixoura (Leal 2014). Type locality. Parque Estadual da Serra de Santa Bárbara, Pontes e Lacerda, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Length. Male holotype, 6.5 mm. External morphology Head (Figure 9 A), in dorsal view, slightly produced anteriorly, median length of crown about 1 / 3 interocular width and 1 / 5 transocular width; anterior margin broadly rounded in dorsal view; ocelli located behind anterior eye angles, each closer to adjacent anterior eye angle than to median line of crown, situated at pair of slight concavities. Pronotum (Figure 9 A) with width less than transocular width; lateral margins parallel; posterior margin slightly concave; dorsopleural carinae complete and oblique; disc slightly striate, without setae; mesonotum with scutellum not striate. Fore wings (Figure 9 A) completely hyaline. Hind legs with femoral setal formula 2: 1: 1; length of first tarsomere approximately equal to combined length of two more distal ones. Coloration Crown, pronotum and mesonotum light brown, fore wings amber (Figure 9 A). Crown with dark brown round maculae on and around ocelli (Figure 9 A). Dark brown stripe on lateral body portion, beginning on prothorax right behind eye and extending to tergum of abdomen (Figure 9 A). Fore wings with dark brown stripe between radius and cubitus, enforcing the one on abdomen, visible by transparency of wings (Figure 9 A). Face and ventral body surface light brown. Male genitalia Pygofer (Figure 9 B), in lateral view, strongly produced posteriorly, slender; dorsal margin strongly concave; ventral margin slightly concave; apex obliquely truncate; numerous macrosetae on narrow apical portion and scattered along margins; slender process arising from ventral margin and extending posterodorsally, not attaining apex of pygofer. Subgenital plates (Figure 9 C) subtriangular, not extending as far posteriorly as apex of pygofer, gradually tapered towards narrow apical portion; macrosetae multiseriate near base, becoming uniseriate towards apex. Styles (Figure 9 D) with preapical lobe, not extending as far posteriorly as apex of connective, twisted, apex obliquely truncate, with strong angular projection; preapical lobe and angular projection directed ventrally. Connective (Figure 9 D) Y-shaped. Aedeagus (Figure 9 E), in lateral view, directed posteriorly and curved dorsally; apical portion with three small dentiform processes: ventral one and two dorsolateral ones. Paraphyses (Figure 9 E) paired, symmetrical, extending below shaft of aedeagus; rami curved dorsally, apices slightly curved towards one another. Female. Unknown.	en	Leal, Afonso Henrique, Creão-Duarte, Antonio José, Mejdalani, Gabriel (2016): Taxonomic review of Scopogonalia Young, 1977 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini) with description of six new species. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 50 (23): 1513-1542, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530
A43F87EEDE13FFEE842FFE837FE7FA7A.taxon	etymology	Etymology The species epithet, dolixoura (from Greek: dolixouros, with long tail), refers to the long and slender male pygofer.	en	Leal, Afonso Henrique, Creão-Duarte, Antonio José, Mejdalani, Gabriel (2016): Taxonomic review of Scopogonalia Young, 1977 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini) with description of six new species. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 50 (23): 1513-1542, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530
A43F87EEDE13FFEE842FFE837FE7FA7A.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype: male, ‘ Parque [Estadual da Serra] de Santa Bárbara \ Pontes [e] Lacerda-MT [Mato Grosso state] \ Santa Rita- 03 - 07 / VII / 02 ’, ‘ 16 ° 02 ’ 34 ” S \ 59 ° 16 ’ 22 ” N [W] \ Cavichioli leg’ (DZUP). Comparative notes Scopogonalia dolixoura externally resembles S. agkistroides, S. altmanni, S. echinura and S. oglobini due to the completely hyaline fore wings and the dark brown colour of the lateral body portions. Its aedeagus (Figure 9 E) is similar to that of S. echinura (Figure 5) because both bear three dentiform processes on the apical portion: a ventral one and two dorsolateral ones. However, the aedeagus of S. dolixoura is longer beyond the dorsal curvature than that of S. echinura and its dorsolateral processes are more distant from the apex. It differs from this and the other known species by the long and slender male pygofer with the dorsal margin very concave.	en	Leal, Afonso Henrique, Creão-Duarte, Antonio José, Mejdalani, Gabriel (2016): Taxonomic review of Scopogonalia Young, 1977 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini) with description of six new species. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 50 (23): 1513-1542, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530
A43F87EEDE1CFFEC841EFA277C63FC5D.taxon	description	(Figure 10)	en	Leal, Afonso Henrique, Creão-Duarte, Antonio José, Mejdalani, Gabriel (2016): Taxonomic review of Scopogonalia Young, 1977 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini) with description of six new species. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 50 (23): 1513-1542, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530
A43F87EEDE1CFFEC841EFA277C63FC5D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Green sharpshooters; head slightly produced anteriorly; fore wings with longitudinal veins dark; subgenital plates long and slender; aedeagus, in lateral view, curved ventrally, with pair of claw-like processes at apex; paraphyses rami thick with apices blunt.	en	Leal, Afonso Henrique, Creão-Duarte, Antonio José, Mejdalani, Gabriel (2016): Taxonomic review of Scopogonalia Young, 1977 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini) with description of six new species. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 50 (23): 1513-1542, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530
A43F87EEDE1CFFEC841EFA277C63FC5D.taxon	discussion	Comment The presence of long and slender subgenital plates is a synapomorphy of S. euxloa, S. plaumanni and S. splendida; the slightly produced head, the aedeagus curved ventrally, and the presence of a pair of hook-shaped processes at its apex are symplesiomorphies of Scopogonalia present in these three species; the thick paraphyses rami are an autapomorphy of S. euxloa (Leal 2014). Type locality. 25 ° 50 ’ S, 48 ° 56 ʹ W; 790 m; Guaratuba, Paraná, Brazil. Length. Male holotype, 5.9 mm; male paratypes, 5.7 – 6.0 mm; female paratype, 6.3 mm. External morphology Head (Figure 10 A), in dorsal view, slightly produced anteriorly, median length of crown approximately 1 / 2 interocular width and 1 / 4 transocular width; anterior margin broadly rounded in dorsal view; ocelli aligned to anterior eye angles, each equidistant between adjacent anterior eye angle and median line of crown, situated at pair of slight concavities. Pronotum (Figure 10 A) with width approximately equal to transocular width; with pair of concavities near anterior margin; lateral margins convergent anteriorly; posterior margin slightly concave; dorsopleural carinae complete and oblique. Fore wings (Figure 10 A) coriaceous; membrane including all apical cells, extending forward along costal margin to basal half of wing. Hind legs with femoral setal formula 2: 1: 1; length of first tarsomere greater than combined length of two more distal ones. Coloration Ground colour of crown, anterior third of pronotum and mesonotum light green, remainder of dorsum dark green (Figure 10 A). Crown with transverse dark brown stripe anterior to ocelli and a dark brown ark posterior to each ocellus (Figure 10 A). Fore wings with dark brown stripes on and beside longitudinal veins (Figure 10 A). Face and ventral body region pale yellow. Male genitalia Pygofer (Figure 10 B), in lateral view, moderately produced posteriorly; dorsal margin approximately rectilinear; posteroventral margin broadly convex; apex narrowly rounded; macrosetae near apex and posteroventral margin, few along dorsal margin; slender process arising from ventral margin and extending posterodorsally as far as apex of pygofer. Subgenital plates (Figure 10 C) subtriangular, long and slender, extending posteriorly almost as far as apex of pygofer, gradually tapered towards apex; macrosetae uniseriate along outer margin. Styles (Figure 10 D) slender, without preapical lobe, not extending as far as apex of connective, extending approximately as far as basal half of subgenital plates. Connective (Figure 10 D) Y-shaped, with well-produced dorsomedian carina. Aedeagus (Figure 10 E), in lateral view, curved ventrally, with pair of claw-like processes at apex. Paraphyses (Figure 10 E) paired, extending below shaft of aedeagus; rami thick, curved dorsally, apices blunt. Female genitalia Abdominal sternite VII (Figure 10 F) longer than wide, lateral margins parallel, tapered near apex; posterior margin with concavity bearing small prominence. Valvulae II (Figure 10 G) expanded beyond basal curvature and gradually narrowing towards acute apex; ventral and dorsal margins approximately parallel; preapical prominence distinct; primary teeth inclined trapezoid on basal and median portions (Figure 11 H), becoming triangular at apex (Figure 11 I); first ones with posterior flat area, which becomes gradually smaller towards apex, where it is absent (Figure 11 J); denticles on all teeth and apical portion; ventral dentate apical portion greater than dorsal one (Figure 11 J).	en	Leal, Afonso Henrique, Creão-Duarte, Antonio José, Mejdalani, Gabriel (2016): Taxonomic review of Scopogonalia Young, 1977 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini) with description of six new species. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 50 (23): 1513-1542, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530
A43F87EEDE1CFFEC841EFA277C63FC5D.taxon	etymology	Etymology The species epithet, euxloa (from Greek: euxloos, fresh and green), refers to the green colour of the species.	en	Leal, Afonso Henrique, Creão-Duarte, Antonio José, Mejdalani, Gabriel (2016): Taxonomic review of Scopogonalia Young, 1977 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini) with description of six new species. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 50 (23): 1513-1542, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530
A43F87EEDE1CFFEC841EFA277C63FC5D.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype: male, ‘ 25 ° 50 ’ S 790 m \ 48 ° 56 ʹ W XI / 2003 \ Paraná-Brasil \ G. R. A. Melo col. ’ (DZUP). Paratypes: six males and one female, same data as holotype (DZUP). Comparative notes The new species is very similar externally to S. splendida and, to a certain extent, to S. plaumanni. It differs from these by the paraphyses rami which are thick with blunt apices (Figure 10 E) and by the female abdominal sternite VII with the posterior margin concave (Figure 10 F).	en	Leal, Afonso Henrique, Creão-Duarte, Antonio José, Mejdalani, Gabriel (2016): Taxonomic review of Scopogonalia Young, 1977 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini) with description of six new species. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 50 (23): 1513-1542, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530
A43F87EEDE1EFFEA8435FC0A7FB7FC56.taxon	description	(Figure 11)	en	Leal, Afonso Henrique, Creão-Duarte, Antonio José, Mejdalani, Gabriel (2016): Taxonomic review of Scopogonalia Young, 1977 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini) with description of six new species. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 50 (23): 1513-1542, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530
A43F87EEDE1EFFEA8435FC0A7FB7FC56.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Sharpshooters with predominant green colour, transversal bone shaped black macula on anterior third of pronotum, fore wings with some cells and longitudinal veins dark brown to black; aedeagus with an apical and a subapical dentiform process on ventral portion and dorsoapical portion expanded as hood-like structure; paraphyses with rami strongly curved dorsally, with acute apices, embracing aedeagus.	en	Leal, Afonso Henrique, Creão-Duarte, Antonio José, Mejdalani, Gabriel (2016): Taxonomic review of Scopogonalia Young, 1977 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini) with description of six new species. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 50 (23): 1513-1542, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530
A43F87EEDE1EFFEA8435FC0A7FB7FC56.taxon	discussion	Comment The presence of a transversal bone shaped black macula on the pronotum is a symplesiomorphy of S. osteiphera. Although better observed in S. osteiphera, the presence of a hood-like structure on the dorsoapical portion of aedeagus is also symplesiomorphic for this species. The ventral subapical process of the aedeagus is a homoplastic autapomorphy of S. osteiphera, and the apical one is a symplesiomorphy of a large clade in which this species is included (Leal 2014). Type locality. 26.39477 ° S, 065.30345 ° W; 788 m; Choromoro, Tucumán, Argentina. Length. Male holotype, 4.6 mm; female paratypes, 5.6 – 6.1 mm. External morphology Head (Figure 11 A), in dorsal view, moderately produced anteriorly, median length of crown about 1 / 2 interocular width and 1 / 3 transocular width; anterior margin narrowly rounded in dorsal view; ocelli located behind anterior eye angles, each closer to adjacent anterior eye angle than to median line of crown, situated at pair of slight concavities. Pronotum (Figure 11 A) with width approximately equal to transocular width; with pair of concavities near anterior margin; lateral margins slightly convergent anteriorly; posterior margin slightly concave; dorsopleural carinae complete and oblique. Fore wings (Figure 11 A) opaque; membrane including all of apical cells, extending forward along costal margin as far as basal half of wing. Hind legs with femoral setal formula 2: 1: 1; length of first tarsomere greater than combined length of two more distal ones. Coloration Ground colour of crown, anterior third of pronotum and mesonotum greenish-yellow, remainder of dorsum dark green (Figure 11 A). Crown with Y-shaped black macula on median portion, with pair of arches at apices of arms of Y-shaped macula (Figure 11 A). Pronotum with five black maculae: yellow anterior portion with median transversal one with broadened ends reminding the shape of a bone, and two transversal oval ones on lateral portions; posterior green portion with pair of arched maculae on posterior margin (Figure 11 A). Mesonotum with pair of black maculae on basal angles, partially concealed under pronotum, and V-shaped macula on median portion (Figure 11 A). Fore wings with some cells dark brown to black and concolourous stripes on and beside veins (Figure 11 A). Face with frons greenish-yellow with slight transversal stripes on muscle impressions; remainder of face pale yellow. Lateral lobe of pronotum with black area just below dorsopleural carina; mesosternum black; legs and ventral portion of abdomen pale yellow; tergum of abdomen black. Male genitalia Pygofer (Figure 11 B), in lateral view, moderately produced posteriorly; dorsal margin approximately rectilinear, oblique; posteroventral margin broadly convex; apex acute; numerous macrosetae near apex and along margins; slender process arising from ventral margin and extending posterodorsally as far as apex of pygofer. Subgenital plates (Figure 11 C) subtriangular, not extending as far posteriorly as apex of pygofer, gradually tapered towards apex; macrosetae uniseriate along outer margin. Styles (Figure 11 D) slender, without preapical lobe, not extending as far posteriorly as apex of connective, broadly curved ventrally, reminiscent of arches, with strong angular projection. Connective (Figure 11 D) Y-shaped. Aedeagus (Figure 11 E), in lateral view, directed posterodorsally, with two dentiform processes on ventral portion: apical and subapical one; dorsoapical portion expanded as hood-like structure. Paraphyses extending below shaft of aedeagus at base; rami strongly curved dorsally, with acute apices, embracing aedeagus. Female genitalia Abdominal sternite VII (Figure 11 F) longer than wide, gradually tapered posteriorly; posterior margin with concavity, slight round prominence inside it. Valvulae II (Figure 11 G) expanded beyond basal curvature and tapered towards acute apex; ventral margin approximately rectilinear; dorsal margin approximately parallel to ventral margin; preapical prominence distinct; inclined trapezoid teeth on basal and median portions (Figure 11 H), becoming triangular towards apex (Figure 11 I); first ones with posterior flat area, which becomes gradually smaller towards apex, where it is absent (Figure 11 J); denticles on all teeth and on apical portion; ventral dentate apical portion greater than dorsal one (Figure 11 J).	en	Leal, Afonso Henrique, Creão-Duarte, Antonio José, Mejdalani, Gabriel (2016): Taxonomic review of Scopogonalia Young, 1977 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini) with description of six new species. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 50 (23): 1513-1542, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530
A43F87EEDE1EFFEA8435FC0A7FB7FC56.taxon	etymology	Etymology The species epithet, osteiphera (from Greek: osteos, bone + phero, to bear), refers to the bone shaped macula on pronotum.	en	Leal, Afonso Henrique, Creão-Duarte, Antonio José, Mejdalani, Gabriel (2016): Taxonomic review of Scopogonalia Young, 1977 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini) with description of six new species. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 50 (23): 1513-1542, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530
A43F87EEDE1EFFEA8435FC0A7FB7FC56.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype: male, ‘ ARGENTINA: Tucuman Prov. \ Km 1346 rt 9 \ S 26.39477 ° W 065.30345 ° \ 788 m 20. i. 2008 \ D. M. Takiya sweep’ (DZRJ). Paratypes: one female, same data as holotype (DZRJ); one female: ‘ ARGENTINA: Misiones \ Prov. Rt 12 4 KmW \ Capiovi 23. i. 2008 \ D. M. Takiya sweep’ (DZUP); one female: ‘ ARGENTINA: Salta Prov. \ Palomitas, Km 1535 rt. 9 \ S 24.89399 ° W 064.99311 ° \ 750 m 19. i. 2008 \ D. M. Takiya sweep’ (DZUP); one female: ‘ ARGENTINA: Salta Prov. \ Los Nogales, Km 1547 rt. 9 \ S 24.80173 ° W 064.99311 ° \ 800 m 19. i. 2008 \ D. M. Takiya sweep’ (DZUP). Comparative notes The new species externally resembles S. interruptula, as mentioned above. It differs from this by the paired paraphyses, by the male pygofer (Figure 11 B) with acute apex, by the aedeagus (Figure 11 E) with two ventral dentiform processes, as in S. subolivacea, and a hood-like structure, as in S. penicula and S. altmanni.	en	Leal, Afonso Henrique, Creão-Duarte, Antonio José, Mejdalani, Gabriel (2016): Taxonomic review of Scopogonalia Young, 1977 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini) with description of six new species. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 50 (23): 1513-1542, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1166530
