taxonID	type	description	language	source
AA4E87A5AA2BFFF3B4DCFBF48DDBF9C9.taxon	description	Differing from Astrothelium amylosporum in having 4 ascospores per ascus, in the smaller ascospores, and in the ascomata being mostly covered by a thallus layer.	en	Simijaca, Diego, Lücking, Robert, Moncada, Bibiana (2021): Two new species of Astrothelium (Trypetheliaceae) with amyloid ascospores inhabiting the canopy of Quercus humboldtii trees in Colombia. Phytotaxa 508 (2): 229-234, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.508.2.12, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.508.2.12
AA4E87A5AA2BFFF3B4DCFBF48DDBF9C9.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The epithet refers to the type locality, the Sector Mordoñal of the Vereda Peñas Blancas in which the ROGITAMA reserve is located.	en	Simijaca, Diego, Lücking, Robert, Moncada, Bibiana (2021): Two new species of Astrothelium (Trypetheliaceae) with amyloid ascospores inhabiting the canopy of Quercus humboldtii trees in Colombia. Phytotaxa 508 (2): 229-234, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.508.2.12, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.508.2.12
AA4E87A5AA2BFFF3B4DCFBF48DDBF9C9.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: — COLOMBIA. Dept. Boyacá: Arcabuco, Vereda Peñas Blancas, Sector Mordoñal, Reserva Natural ROGITAMA, 05 º 47 ’ 47.3 ” N, 73 º 26 ’ 56.0 ” W, elev. 2530 m, in oak forest, on bark of Quercus humboldtii, 12 July 2015, Simijaca et al. 2662 (UDBC, holotype!) Thallus corticolous, distinctly corticate, olive-green to pale green, smooth to uneven. Ascomata solitary to somewhat aggregate but not pseudostromatic, with apical, separate ostioles, 1 – 1.3 mm diam, erumpent, covered by thallus except for the broad, dark ostiolar area surrounded by a thin, irregular whitish rim, darkening when dry. Hamathecium inspersed. Ascospores 4 per ascus, muriform, with 9 – 11 transverse and 3 – 4 longitudinal septa per segment, with the distinct diamond-shaped lumina and with a pronounced median septum, ellipsoid to fusiform, 100 – 110 × 24 – 30 µm, IKI + blue. Chemistry: Secondary substances absent; thallus surface UV-, K-, medulla K-; ascomata surface UV-. Amyloid ascospores are comparatively rare in the genus Astrothelium (Aptroot & Lücking 2016). Among species with muriform ascospores and lacking secondary compounds, the most similar is A. amylosporum Flakus & Aptroot, which differs by its larger ascospores (125 – 170 × 27 – 40 µm) occurring in numbers of 8 per ascus and in the fully exposed, brown-black ascomata (( Flakus et al. 2016). Astrothelium bullatum Flakus & Aptroot forms lateral ostioles and the ascomata are fully immersed between bullate thallus portions (Flakus et al. 2016). Astrothelium palaeoexostemmatis Sipman & Aptroot is overall similar to the new species, including ascospore size, but the ascospores are richly muriform, with numerous small cells and thin septa and walls, not displaying diamond-shaped lumina (Aptroot et al. 2019). Both A. flavoduplex Aptroot & M. Cáceres and A. ochroleucoides Aptroot & M. Cáceres deviate by producing lichexanthone (UV + yellow); A. flavoduplex differs further in the strongly pseudostromatic ascomata covered with yellow-orange pigment and the longer ascospores (110 – 350 × 20 – 27 µm), whereas in A. ochroleucoides, which agrees with A. mordonialensis in ascospore number and size (80 – 115 × 15 – 24 µm), the pseudostromatic ascomata are exposed and brown-black (Aptroot & Cáceres 2016). Two similar species, but with non-amyloid ascospores, are A. tetrasporum Aptroot & M. Cáceres and A. alboverrucum (Makhija & Patw.) Aptroot & Lücking: the first has larger ascospores (145 – 175 × 30 – 35 µm), bullate thallus, and ascomata covered by thallus except the protruding ostiole, whereas the former specie also has larger ascospores (85 – 170 × 23 – 33 µm) and its ascomata are hemispherical with a whitish cover (Aptroot & Lücking 2016). Additional specimen examined: COLOMBIA. Dept. Boyacá: Arcabuco, Vereda Peñas Blancas, Sector Mordoñal, Reserva Natural ROGITAMA, 05 º 47 ’ 47.3 ” N, 73 º 26 ’ 56.0 ” W, 2530 m, in oak forest, on bark of Quercus humboldtii, 12 July 2015, Simijaca et al. 2705, 2718 (UDBC).	en	Simijaca, Diego, Lücking, Robert, Moncada, Bibiana (2021): Two new species of Astrothelium (Trypetheliaceae) with amyloid ascospores inhabiting the canopy of Quercus humboldtii trees in Colombia. Phytotaxa 508 (2): 229-234, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.508.2.12, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.508.2.12
AA4E87A5AA28FFF2B4DCF9EA8DFEF922.taxon	description	Differing from Astrothelium flavoduplex in having trypethelioid ascomata without forming pseudostroma, being solitary and with a conspicuous yellow pruina, as well as the IKI + blue ascospores.	en	Simijaca, Diego, Lücking, Robert, Moncada, Bibiana (2021): Two new species of Astrothelium (Trypetheliaceae) with amyloid ascospores inhabiting the canopy of Quercus humboldtii trees in Colombia. Phytotaxa 508 (2): 229-234, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.508.2.12, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.508.2.12
AA4E87A5AA28FFF2B4DCF9EA8DFEF922.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The epithet refers to the type locality, the ROGITAMA reserve.	en	Simijaca, Diego, Lücking, Robert, Moncada, Bibiana (2021): Two new species of Astrothelium (Trypetheliaceae) with amyloid ascospores inhabiting the canopy of Quercus humboldtii trees in Colombia. Phytotaxa 508 (2): 229-234, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.508.2.12, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.508.2.12
AA4E87A5AA28FFF2B4DCF9EA8DFEF922.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: — COLOMBIA. Dept. Boyacá: Arcabuco, Vereda Peñas Blancas, Sector Mordoñal, Reserva Natural ROGITAMA, 05 º 47 ’ 47.3 ” N, 73 º 26 ’ 56.0 ” W, elev. 2530 m, in oak forest, on bark of Quercus humboldtii, 12 July 2015, Simijaca et al. 2706 (UDBC, holotype!) Thallus corticolous, distinctly corticate, light brownish to greenish grey, smooth to uneven. Ascomata solitary, with apical, separate ostioles, 1 – 1.3 mm diam, immersed-erumpent, covered by thallus except for the protruding ostiolar area, the latter with yellow pigment pruina, darkening when dry. Hamathecium inspersed. Ascospores 4 per ascus, muriform, with 9 – 11 primary transverse septa (the median cells further divided by secondary transverse septa) and 1 – 3 longitudinal septa, with the distinct diamond-shaped lumina and with a slight constriction at the median septum, narrowly ellipsoid to fusiform, 100 – 120 × 27 – 30 µm, IKI + blue. Chemistry: Secondary substances absent except for a yellow pigment around the ostiole; thallus surface UV-, K-, ostiolar pigment K + blood-red, UV-. This is a second new species with amyloid ascospores, differing from the preceding one mainly in the yellowpigmented, protruding ostiolar area and in the formation of secondary transverse septa in the median cells. Only one other species of Astrothelium is known with a combination of pigments and amyloid, muriform ascospores, namely A. flavoduplex. It deviates by producing lichexanthone (UV + yellow) and by the strongly pseudostromatic ascomata covered with with yellow-orange pigment, as well as the longer ascospores (110 – 350 × 20 – 27 µm). A morphologically similar species but with I-negative ascospores is A. vezdai (Makhija & Patw.) Aptroot & Lücking, which has larger and much broader ascospores (80 – 175 × 25 – 50 µm) and the ostiolar pigment is orange rather than yellow (Aptroot & Lücking 2016). Additional specimen examined: COLOMBIA. Dept. Boyacá: Arcabuco, Vereda Peñas Blancas, Sector Mordoñal, Reserva Natural ROGITAMA, 05 º 47 ’ 47.3 ” N, 73 º 26 ’ 56.0 ” W, elev. 2530 m, in oak forest, on bark of Quercus humboldtii, 12 July 2015, Simijaca et al. 2695, 2713 (UDBC).	en	Simijaca, Diego, Lücking, Robert, Moncada, Bibiana (2021): Two new species of Astrothelium (Trypetheliaceae) with amyloid ascospores inhabiting the canopy of Quercus humboldtii trees in Colombia. Phytotaxa 508 (2): 229-234, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.508.2.12, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.508.2.12
