identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
AA5587BF5C2FFFA4FF22F8E3FBC1638E.text	AA5587BF5C2FFFA4FF22F8E3FBC1638E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ameritulla	<div><p>Ameritulla new genus</p><p>Diagnosis. Medium to large species. Color white. Cuticle with distinct fields of granulation, posterior margins distinct from more anterior areas; granules of Abd. VI not closely packed, not greatly enlarged. Pseudocelli crescentic. PAO with two rows of 15‒35 vesicles each. Labial palpus with spine of papilla A thickened. Pseudocellar formula 11/010/01011 or 11/111/11111. Sense organ of Ant. III with two convergent sense clubs and two sense rods, ventrally with one sense club. Tibiotarsi I, II, III with 15, 15, 14 setae, respectively. Unguiculus sharply pointed. One cephalic v-seta (v2) present. Seta p3 on Abd. V slender. Posterior regions of some segments with many distinct transverse rows of tightly packed granules. Abd. VI without crescentiform ridges. Venter of Abd. VI with full complement of setae (a1‒5, m2‒5, p1‒5, va1‒3). Two anal spines.</p><p>Type species. Ameritulla clavata (Mills, 1934) n. comb.</p><p>Other species. Ameritulla obscura n. sp.</p><p>Etymology. The prefix Ameri - refers to the fact that the two species included in this new genus are known only from temperate North America. Tulla is a variant of the first part of the type genus of the family.</p><p>Remarks. In the key of Dunger &amp; Schlitt (2011) the two species of Ameritulla n. gen. will run to couplet 29, from which arise four genera separated largely by pseudocellus formula. These formulas are not sufficient for the placement of Ameritulla spp. The new genus is distinct from Psammophorura Thibaud &amp; Weiner, 1994 in having Type III (crescentic) pseudocelli rather than Type I (stellate) or a mix of Type I and Type IV (convergently striate); from Boudinotia Weiner &amp; Najt, 1991 in having no more than 1+1 pseudocelli per segment, rather than 2+2 on some thoracic and abdominal segments; and from Pongeiella Rusek, 1991 in having typical antennal sensilla and all five labial papillae (A‒E) rather than hammer-shaped sensilla and labial papillae A and B (Fjellberg 1999). Ameritulla n. gen. would appear to be similar to Tullbergiella Izarra, 1965 but this is due to a lapsus in the key of Dunger &amp; Schlitt (2011), which states that Tullbergiella has an elongated PAO with about 60 vesicles in two rows. According to the descriptions of the two known species, T. humilis Izarra, 1965 and T. allendei Izarra, 1975, the PAO of Tullbergiella is round or broadly oval with about 60 round vesicles (Izarra 1965, 1975).</p><p>Tullbergia clavata Mills, 1934 was placed in Mesaphorura by Bagnall (1947) and kept there by Dunger &amp; Schlitt (2011). The modern concept of Mesaphorura Börner, 1901 s . str. includes tullbergiids with stellate pseudocelli (Type I), an oval PAO containing two rows of rod-like vesicles and crescentiform ridges on Abd. VI (Dunger &amp; Schlitt 2011) (Fig. 3C). The Ameritulla spp. described here have crescentic pseudocelli (Type III), much different PAOs and lack crescentiform ridges. Therefore, they cannot be included in Mesaphorura . Mills (1934) did not mention crescentiform ridges on T. clavata, and his description and figures are not very helpful in placing the species. The illustration by Christiansen &amp; Bellinger (1980, 1998) of the abdominal chaetotaxy of T. clavata indicated crescentic ridges. Christiansen &amp; Bellinger’s Tullbergia key (1998), however, contradicts the illustration; T. clavata specimens key to a group of species that do not have crescentic ridges. This character state was confirmed by examination of cotypes.</p><p>Mesaphorura hades (Christiansen &amp; Bellinger, 1980), described from Iowa, probably belongs in Ameritulla based on the original illustrations (Christiansen &amp; Bellinger 1980), but the number of tibiotarsal setae is unknown. It can be distinguished from Ameritulla spp. by its pseudocellar arrangement (11/011/11111). As described, it cannot be placed in Mesaphorura since it lacks crescentiform ridges, the pseudocelli are not stellate (featureless after original description) and the Abd. IV p3-seta is long and slender. Mesaphorura spp. possess crescentiform ridges and stellate pseudocelli, and seta p3 is short and broad.</p><p>J. Simón Benito (in litt. 2006, cited in Bellinger et al. 1996‒2015) suggested that several widespread North American species currently in Mesaphorura (including T. clavata) could belong to other genera such as Paratullbergia Womersley, 1930 or Pongeiella . Ameritulla n. gen. resembles Paratullbergia in the anterior placement of p2 on Abd. V, but differs in lacking crescentiform ridges and in many chaetotaxic characters, such as lacking m-setae on Abd. I ‒III (m4 present in Paratullbergia). Differences from Pongeiella have already been stated above.</p><p>Ameritulla spp. appear to be similar to Metaphorura Bagnall, 1936 in most setal characteristics, but differ from that genus in having broadly oval PAO vesicles and crescentic pseudocelli (Type III), possessing all five labial papillae of which the spine of papilla A is blunt, and lacking a ventral terminal projection. The PAO of Metaphorura has elongated or bifurcate vesicles, the pseudocelli are doubly striate (Type II) or stellate (Type I), the labial palp has four pointed papillae and Abd. VI has a terminal spine-like or stout projection under the anal spines (see Castaño-Meneses et al. 2000)</p><p>The two species included in Ameritulla n. gen., with 15 setae on the middle tibiotarsus, do not fit well in other currently recognized tullbergiid genera. The potential value of this character was recognized by Fjellberg (1991), who found that T. clavata had the most complete tibiotarsal chaetotaxy (15 setae). However, its possible phylogenetic value and how it applies to various taxa are not clear. Five genera were listed by Greenslade &amp; Rusek (1996) as having 15 setae on the middle tibiotarsus: Boudinotia Weiner &amp; Najt, 1991, Stenaphorurella Luciañez &amp; Simón, 1992 (= Stenaphorura Absolon, 1900), Tasphorura Greenslade &amp; Rusek, 1996, Tillieria Weiner &amp; Najt, 1991 and Tullbergia Lubbock, 1876 . Species of Dinaphorura Bagnall, 1935 also have 15 setae on the middle tibiotarsus (Najt &amp; Rubio 1978, Rodgers &amp; Greenslade 1996). Tasphorura is pigmented, has a blunt labial papilla A but lacks papilla C, and has a unique development of sensilla on the antennae (Greenslade &amp; Rusek 1996). Boudinotia has 2+2 pseudocelli on most segments, pseudocelli are stellate and on Abd. V are close together on a prominence, and Abd. IV has abundant m-setae (m3‒m6) (Weiner &amp; Najt 1991). Tillieria spp. have three sensilla in the Ant. III sense organ and stellate pseudocelli (Weiner &amp; Najt 1991). Dinaphorura spp. also have three sensilla in the Ant. III sense organ and possess additional dorsal spines on Abd. VI (Rodgers &amp; Greenslade 1 996). With two exceptions the only Tullbergia spp. known to have 15 tibiotarsal setae also have three sensilla in the Ant. III sense organ. Many important characters of the 17 Tullbergia spp. with two sensilla in the Ant. III sense organ, such as the labial papillae and tibiotarsal seta number, are too poorly known for a complete comparison. Two of the 17, T. harti (Rusek, 1991) and T. pomorskii (Smolis, 2010), have 11 or 12 setae (Rusek 1991, Smolis 2010).</p><p>Two Tullbergia spp. have 15,15,14 tibiotarsal setae and two sensilla in the Ant. III sense organ (Deharveng 1981). Tullbergia bisetosa Börner, 1903 has only three labial palp papillae, none of which are thickened (Fjellberg 1999). A recently redescribed species from Tierra del Fuego, Tullbergia meridionalis Cassagnau &amp; Rapoport, 1962 (Arbea 2016) resembles Ameritulla spp. but has stellate pseudocelli and possesses 2 v-setae on each side of the head. Pseudocelli of Ameritulla spp. are crescentic and the head has seta v2 only.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AA5587BF5C2FFFA4FF22F8E3FBC1638E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bernard, Ernest C.	Bernard, Ernest C. (2016): Two new genera and five new species of Tullbergiidae (Collembola) from the southern Appalachian Mountains of North America, with redescription of Tullbergia clavata Mills. Zootaxa 4162 (3): 451-478, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4162.3.3
AA5587BF5C2DFFA0FF22FCD0FC166374.text	AA5587BF5C2DFFA0FF22FCD0FC166374.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ameritulla clavata (Mills 1934) Mills 1934	<div><p>Ameritulla clavata (Mills, 1934) new combination</p><p>Figs 1, 2, 3A, B</p><p>Tullbergia clavata Mills, 1934:38; Waltz &amp; Hart, 1995:115 (males). Mesaphorura clavata Bagnall, 1947:444; Dunger &amp; Schlitt, 2011:49.</p><p>Material examined. Four cotypes examined: cotype female designated as lectotype, Ames, Iowa, 2 April 1932, INHS slide number 529.347, H.B. Mills, coll. ; paralectotype female and paralectotype juvenile, Ames, Iowa, 3 April 1932, slides 529.345, 529.346, H.B. Mills, coll. ; paralectotype female, Traer, Indiana, 5 November 1931, slide 529.348, H.M. Harris, coll. Additional specimens examined, all in <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-83.80165&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.490818" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -83.80165/lat 35.490818)">University</a> of Tennessee Entomology Collection: one female, Tennessee, Sequatchie County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-83.80165&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.490818" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -83.80165/lat 35.490818)">Whitwell</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-83.80165&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.490818" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -83.80165/lat 35.490818)">Kimmons Farm</a> “ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-83.80165&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.490818" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -83.80165/lat 35.490818)">Moonshadow</a> ”, to right of cave mouth, 15 May 1997, sample 1997-37, E.C. Bernard &amp; P.L. Jennings, colls.; one female, North Carolina, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-83.80165&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.490818" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -83.80165/lat 35.490818)">Swain County</a>, GRSM, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-83.80165&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.490818" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -83.80165/lat 35.490818)">Lost Cove Trail</a>, leaf litter, 35°29.449’N 83°48.099’W, 8 May 2004, sample 2004-11 WMM, W.M. Merrit, coll.; two females, North Carolina, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-83.80165&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.490818" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -83.80165/lat 35.490818)">Swain County</a>, GRSM, culvert along Tow String Road, among liverworts, 27 October 2004, E.C. Bernard &amp; A. Mayor, colls.; one female, North Carolina, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-83.80165&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.490818" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -83.80165/lat 35.490818)">Swain County</a>, GRSM, Newfound Gap, 22 June 2005, sample RTA-05-028, R.T. Allen, S.M. Allen &amp; H.S. Allen, colls.; six females, North Carolina, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-83.80165&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.490818" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -83.80165/lat 35.490818)">Haywood County</a>, GRSM, Purchase Knob, leaf litter in heavy rhododendron thicket, 24 May 2007, sample AHSLC 07024 EB, E.C. Bernard, coll.</p><p>Redescription. White. Length of three adults labeled as cotypes 921‒1137 µm, length of eight additional adults 895‒1204 µm (mean of 11 specimens = 1014 µm). Length ratio of Ant. I:II:III:IV approximately 1:1.1:1.6:2.2. Pseudocellus shape Type III (crescentic) (Fig. 2 B), formula 11/010/01011. Pseudopores absent. Anal spines stout, slightly curved, about 1.5× longer than hind unguis.</p><p>Granules on dorsum of head of small to medium size (diameter 1.4‒2.3 µm, mean = 2.0 µm), evenly distributed, appearing round or broadly oval. Diameter of Th. III granules 1.3‒2.0 µm, mean = 1.6 µm. Distinct mid-dorsal longitudinal rows of granules not present. Posterior region of all segments except pronotum and Abd. VI with 8‒12 transverse rows of tightly packed granules (Figs 3A, B). Granules of Abd. VI not in distinct rows, diameter 1.4‒2.1 µm (mean = 1.6 µm) (Figs 3A, B).</p><p>Labial palpus (Fig. 1 H) with papillae A‒E, papilla spine A stout, rounded at tip; B‒E pointed. Eight guard setae present: a1 and b1 minute, papilliform, papilla B with one additional guard seta, papilla D with two guards, papilla E with three. Maxillary palpus with one sublobal hair, spine of papilla slightly longer than basal seta (Fig. 1 I). Mandible with four blunt apical teeth (Fig. 1 J). Prelabral setae two, stout, curved; labrum with 11 setae in three rows (5-4-2), setae of distal pair and middle setae of middle row stronger and longer than other labral setae (Fig. 1 E). Postantennal organ elongated, in deep trough, with two rows of oval vesicles, each with 18‒22 vesicles (Fig. 2 A). Trough of PAO closed at medial end by one or more granules, not extending to fovea between setae sd1 and sd3.</p><p>Ant. I with 7 setae, Ant. II with 11 setae. Sense organ of Ant. III (Fig. 1 F) with two exposed, converging sense clubs and two minute, weakly bilobed or trilobed sensory rods partially covered by prominent cuticular lobe; three proximal guard setae. Ventral sense club stout; all Ant. III setae pointed (Fig. 1 G). Dorsal side of Ant. IV with five arcuate sensilla; microsensillum rod-like, in shallow groove; subapical organite clavate, extending from cup-like depression; apical bulb spherical (Fig. 1 F). Most longer dorsal and lateral setae of Ant. IV thin but sensilliform with blunt tips, only one pointed seta mid-dorsally. Ventrally, Ant. IV with several sensilliform setae of various lengths; ventral sensory field not defined, short setae a mix of ordinary and thin sensilliform setae with finely rounded apices surrounding larger sensilliform seta (Fig. 1 G).</p><p>All leg setae pointed. Trochanter with 4 setae, femur with 10 setae. Fore and middle tibiotarsi with 15 setae, A and B setal whorls with 7 and 8 setae, respectively; hind tibiotarsus with 14 setae. Unguis stout, without teeth or tunica-like expansion; unguiculus pointed, minute (Fig. 1 K).</p><p>Dorsally, most cephalic setae of similar length, sd5, oc2, g3 and p5 longer than others (Fig. 1 A). Six setae between posterior cephalic pseudocelli, seta p1 about 1.5× the length of p2. Two medial setae present anterior to a0. Seta v2 present, v1 absent. Pronotum with 8 setae. Mesonotum and metanotum (Fig. 1 B) each with m-row consisting of m1, m4 and m5; setae a2, a4 and p5 macrosetae; p3 longer than p4 but shorter than p5; p1 and p2 lengths equal; microsensillum in shallow pit near long sensilliform seta. On Abd. I‒V seta p3 distinctly sensilliform. Abd. I‒III lacking m-setae, setae a2 and p5 longer than other setae. On Abd. IV setae a2, a4 and p5 long; small m2-seta present. Abd. V lacking seta p1; p2 long, displaced far forward near a2; a4 and p5 macrosetae. Abd. VI with two unpaired medial setae (m0, p0), without swellings or tubercles.</p><p>Pleural regions of Abd. I‒V with 1, 2, 2, 6, 1 setae, respectively; sensilliform setae present on Abd. II‒IV, anteriorly inserted on Abd. II and III, posteriorly inserted on Abd. IV (Fig. 1 B).</p><p>Ventrally, head with three pairs of medial setae. Mesosternum and metasternum each with two setae. Ventral tube with 4+4 setae on valves and 2+2 setae on base. Ventral abdominal setae typically with some asymmetry, especially on Abd. IV (Fig. 1 C). Ventral setae p2 and p5 on Abd. II, p5 on Abd. III and IV, and posterior setae of Abd. V sensilliform. Remnant tenacular and furcal regions absent on Abd. IV and V. Sternum of Abd. V with six setae surrounding the genital aperture and two microsetae on the anterior lip; Abd. VI sternum with full complement of setae (a1‒5, m2‒5, p1‒5, va1‒3) (Figs 1 D, 2C).</p><p>Remarks. Ameritulla clavata n. comb. is easily recognized as the only large North American tullbergiid with pseudocelli absent from both Th. I and Th. III. The only other tullbergiids with this arrangement are the smaller Mixturatulla ozwini n. gen., n. sp. and Psammophorura miniclavata n. sp. Oddly, P. miniclavata n. sp. and A. clavata n. comb. have the same pseudocellar formula (11/010/01011). The constant presence of seta m2 on Abd. IV is a distinctive character and may be unique in this family. Ameritulla obscura n. sp. (below) has one pair of pseudocelli on Th. II‒III and Abd. I‒V.</p><p>Waltz &amp; Hart (1995) reported on the presence of males in two Indiana locations and minor variability in the lengths of some setae, but ascribed setal differences to intraspecies variation.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AA5587BF5C2DFFA0FF22FCD0FC166374	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bernard, Ernest C.	Bernard, Ernest C. (2016): Two new genera and five new species of Tullbergiidae (Collembola) from the southern Appalachian Mountains of North America, with redescription of Tullbergia clavata Mills. Zootaxa 4162 (3): 451-478, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4162.3.3
AA5587BF5C29FFADFF22FD5AFB706054.text	AA5587BF5C29FFADFF22FD5AFB706054.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ameritulla obscura	<div><p>Ameritulla obscura n. sp.</p><p>Figs 4, 5A‒E</p><p>Material examined. Holotype female on slide, North Carolina, Swain County, Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP), Ravensford area, leaf litter in mixed deciduous upland forest, near pitfall 35, N669200.106, E722181.572, 30 October 2001, E.C. Bernard and T. Goodrich, colls . Paratypes: three females on slides, four specimens in ethanol, same data as holotype; two females on slides, 9 in ethanol, same data as holotype except near pitfall 31, N669255.908, E722135.776; 17 specimens in ethanol, same data as holotype except floodplain forest near pitfalls 15 and 17, N 668461.484 E720196.354; two females on slides, five in ethanol, North Carolina, Swain County, GSMNP, Ravensford area, floodplain forest, near pitfall 13, N668491.940, E720265.304, 22 August 2001, P. Jennings &amp; T. Goodrich, colls.; one female , Tennessee, Cumberland County, Obed Wild and Scenic River, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-54.119&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.372" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -54.119/lat 4.372)">Potters Ford</a>, sandy soil on river bank, tall perennials, sample 7.186AF, 36° 04.372N, 84° 54.119W, elev. 213 m, 5 June 2007, A. Fjellberg, coll.</p><p>Description. White. Length of adult females 896‒1067 µm (n = 4, mean = 982 µm). Length ratio of Ant I:II:III:IV as 1:1.2:2.0:2.5. Pseudocellus shape Type III (crescentic) (Figs 5A, B), formula 11/111/11111. Pseudopores absent. Anal spines stout, curved, length about equal to that of hind unguis.</p><p>Granules on dorsum of head of medium size (diameter 2.0‒2.6 µm, mean 2.4 µm), evenly distributed, generally appearing round. Mid-dorsal region of body without longitudinal rows of granules. Granule diameter on Th. III 1.8‒2.1 µm (mean = 2.0 µm). Posterior region of all segments except pronotum and Abd. VI with 8‒12 distinct transverse rows of tightly packed granules (Fig. 5D). Granules on Abd. VI dense but not touching, not in rows; diameters of larger granules in anterior half 2.6‒3.6 µm (mean = 3.3 µm) (Fig. 5D).</p><p>Labial palpus with papillae A‒E, papilla spine A stout, rounded at tip; B‒E pointed (Fig. 4 E). Guard setae a1 and b1 minute, papilliform; papilla B with one additional guard seta, papilla D with two guards, papilla E with three. Maxillary palpus with one sublobal hair. Mandible with four blunt apical teeth. Two stout, curved prelabral setae; labral seta formula 5-4-2, distal row and middle setae of middle row thicker and longer than other setae. Postantennal organ elongated, in deep trough, with two rows of oval vesicles, each with 18‒22 vesicles; PAO trough fused with fovea between setae sd3 and sd1 (Fig. 4 D).</p><p>Ant. I with 7 setae, Ant. II with 11 setae. Sense organ of Ant. III with two largely exposed, converging sense clubs and two minute, weakly bilobed or trilobed sensory rods partially covered by cuticular lobes; three proximal guard setae (Fig. 4 F). Ventral sense club stout, basal portion not offset. All Ant. III setae pointed (Fig. 4 G). Dorsal side of Ant. IV with five arcuate sensilla; microsensillum rod-like, in shallow groove; subapical organite clavate, slightly bifid at tip, rising from cup-like depression; apical bulb spherical (Fig. 4 F). Most longer dorsal and lateral setae of Ant. IV thin but sensilliform with blunt tips. Ventrally, Ant. IV with several sensilliform setae of various lengths; poorly defined ventral sensory field composed of mix of about nine short setae with finely rounded apices surrounding larger sensilliform seta (Fig. 4 G).</p><p>All leg setae pointed. Trochanter with 4 setae, femur with 9 setae. Fore and middle tibiotarsi with 15 setae, A and B setal whorls with 8 and 7 setae, respectively (Fig. 4 H); hind tibiotarsi with 14 setae in two whorls of 7 setae each (Fig. 4 I). Unguis stout, without teeth or tunica-like expansion; unguiculus pointed, minute.</p><p>Dorsally, most cephalic setae of similar length, sd5, oc2, g3, p1 and p5 longer than others (Fig. 4 A). Six setae between posterior cephalic pseudocelli, seta p1 about twice the length of p2. Two medial setae present anterior to a0. Seta v2 present, v1 absent. Pronotum with 8 setae. Mesonotum and metanotum each with m-row consisting of m1, m4 and m5; setae a2, a4, p3 and p5 macrosetae; p1 and p2 lengths subequal; microsensillum in shallow pit near long sensilliform seta. Abdominal segments I‒III lacking m-setae, setae a2, p3 and p5 longer than other setae. On Abd. IV seta p1 absent, m4 present, a2, a4, p3 and p5 long. Abd. V lacking seta p1; p2 slender, long, displaced far forward near a2, similar to p3, tip finely rounded; sensilliform seta p3 long, slender, tapering (Fig. 5C); a4 and p5 macrosetae. Abd. VI with two unpaired medial setae (m0, p0), without swellings or tubercles (Fig. 4 B).</p><p>Pleural regions of Abd. I‒V with 2, 2, 2, 4, 0 setae, respectively; anterior sensilliform setae present on Abd. I‒IV (Fig. 4 B).</p><p>Ventrally, head with three pairs of medial setae. Mesosternum and metasternum each with two setae. Ventral tube with 4+4 setae on valves and 2+2 setae on base. Ventral abdominal setae (Fig. 4 C) typically with some asymmetry, especially on Abd. IV; ventral seta p5 on Abd. II‒IV and posterior setae of Abd. V sensilliform. Tenacular and furcal vestiges absent on Abd. IV and V. Sternum of Abd. V with six setae surrounding the genital aperture and two microsetae on the anterior lip; Abd. VI sternum with full complement of setae (a1‒5, m2‒5, p1‒5, va1‒3) (Fig. 5E).</p><p>Etymology. The type specimens were originally thought to be A. clavata and therefore were not differentiated for several years, thus obscura (L.)—dark, murky.</p><p>Remarks. Ameritulla obscura n. sp. is similar to A. clavata, but possesses seta m4 and lacks seta m2 on Abd. IV, and has a pair of pseudocelli on each body segment, whereas A. clavata lacks m4, possesses m2 and lacks pseudocelli on Th. I, Th. III, Abd. I and Abd. III. The new species can be separated from M. hades by the lack of seta p1 on Abd. IV and curved anal spines ( M. hades with seta p1 and straight anal spines).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AA5587BF5C29FFADFF22FD5AFB706054	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bernard, Ernest C.	Bernard, Ernest C. (2016): Two new genera and five new species of Tullbergiidae (Collembola) from the southern Appalachian Mountains of North America, with redescription of Tullbergia clavata Mills. Zootaxa 4162 (3): 451-478, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4162.3.3
AA5587BF5C24FFADFF22FEBAFC216532.text	AA5587BF5C24FFADFF22FEBAFC216532.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mixturatulla	<div><p>Mixturatulla new genus</p><p>Diagnosis. Color white. Cuticle with distinct fields of granulation, posterior margins distinct from more anterior areas; granules of Abd. VI coalesced into two bands of thick, irregularly swollen tubercles. PAO with two rows of 25‒35 rod-like vesicles each, second row disrupted in last half by presence of two or three short, irregular rows of rounded vesicles. Labial palpus with papillae A and B thickened, tips rounded, C‒E pointed. Pseudocellus shape Type III (crescentic), formula 11/010/11111. Sense organ of Ant. III with two convergent sense clubs and two sense rods, ventrally with one sense club. Tibiotarsi with 12 setae. Posterior regions of some segments with distinct transverse rows of granules. Abd. VI without crescentiform ridges. Two anal spines.</p><p>Type and only species. Mixturatulla ozwini n. sp.</p><p>Etymology. The genus name is a combination of Latin mixtura (a mixing, mixture) and part of the genus name Tullbergia, in recognition of the unique combination of characters found in the type species.</p><p>Remarks. In the key of Dunger &amp; Schlitt (2011) M. ozwini traces to couplet 29, but does not fit either of the alternatives as it lacks pseudocelli on Th. I and III. This arrangement is known elsewhere only in A. clavata n. comb. (see above) and Psammophorura miniclavata n. sp., but the three taxa otherwise differ in many respects. Mixturatulla n. gen. has the same size and general appearance as Mesaphorura spp. but possesses a much different PAO, has crescentic rather than stellate pseudocelli, and lacks crescentic ridges on Abd. VI. The labial palp is unusual in having papillae A and B stout and blunt at the tip, a character shared with Karlstejnia Rusek, 1974 and Multivesicula Rusek, 1982 (Fjellberg 1999) . However, both of these genera have crescentic ridges on Abd. VI and stellate pseudocelli. The PAO of Multivesicula consists of a ring of vesicles enclosing several irregular rows of vesicles, thus having some resemblance to the outer part of the Mixturatulla PAO, but the latter genus has a long, more medial portion consisting of two distinct, parallel rows of vesicles.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AA5587BF5C24FFADFF22FEBAFC216532	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bernard, Ernest C.	Bernard, Ernest C. (2016): Two new genera and five new species of Tullbergiidae (Collembola) from the southern Appalachian Mountains of North America, with redescription of Tullbergia clavata Mills. Zootaxa 4162 (3): 451-478, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4162.3.3
AA5587BF5C24FFAAFF22FB0EFE7664AC.text	AA5587BF5C24FFAAFF22FB0EFE7664AC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mixturatulla ozwini	<div><p>Mixturatulla ozwini n. sp.</p><p>Figs 6, 7</p><p>Material examined. Holotype female on slide, North Carolina, Swain County, Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP), Ravensford area, leaf litter in mixed deciduous upland forest, near pitfall 35, N669200.106, E722181.572, 30 October 2001, E.C. Bernard and T. Goodrich, colls . Paratypes: three females on slides, four specimens in ethanol, same data as holotype; two females on slides, 9 in ethanol, same data as holotype except near pitfall 31, N669255.908, E722135.776; 17 specimens in ethanol, same data as holotype except floodplain forest near pitfalls 15 and 17, N668461.484 E720196.354; two females on slides, five in ethanol, North Carolina, Swain County, GSMNP, Ravensford area, floodplain forest, near pitfall 13, N668491.940, E720265.304, 22 August 2001, P. Jennings &amp; T. Goodrich, colls.; one female , Tennessee, Cumberland County, Obed Wild and Scenic River, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-54.119&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.372" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -54.119/lat 4.372)">Potters Ford</a>, sandy soil on river bank, tall perennials, sample 7.186AF, 36° 04.372N, 84° 54.119W, elev. 213 m, 5 June 2007, A. Fjellberg, coll.</p><p>Description. White. Length of adult females 566‒802 µm (n = 11, mean = 705 µm). Antenna length (62‒65 µm) shorter than head length (87‒93 µm), length ratio of Ant I:II:III:IV as 1:1.5:1.9:2.0. Pseudocellus shape Type III (crescentic) usually with two arms, occasionally one rectangular block or three arms (Figs 7 D, E), formula 11/ 010/11111. Pseudopores absent. Anal spines short, stout, length about 0.6× that of hind unguis.</p><p>Granules on dorsum of head of variable size (diameter 1.3‒2.3 µm, mean 1.8 µm), evenly distributed, generally appearing round. Thoracic nota and Abd. I‒II with mid-dorsal band of 5‒7 longitudinal rows of large granules (diameter 1.9‒2.4 µm, mean 2.2 µm) flanked by similar granules not in distinct rows; subdorsal fields with smaller granules (Fig. 7 D). Abd. III‒V granulation similar to that of Abd. I but large mid-dorsal granules not in distinct longitudinal rows; on Abd. IV‒V large granules not closely packed (Fig. 7 F). Posterior region of all segments except pronotum and Abd. V‒VI with 3‒5 distinct transverse rows of granules similar in shape, size and density to those in medial regions (Figs 7 D, E); posterior margin of Abd. V with weak and partial transverse bands of granules (Fig. 7 F). Sixth abdominal segment with two fields of very large and strongly elevated tubercles (3.2‒5.6 µm, mean 4.5 µm), one field proximal, the other just anterior to anal spines; tubercles of proximal field tending to coalesce at their bases (Figs 7 F, G). Abd. III and IV ventrally granulated, without smooth areas.</p><p>Labial palpus (Fig. 6 E) with papillae A‒E, papilla spines A and B stout, rounded at tip; C‒E pointed, similar; guard setae a1 and b1 minute, conical; b2, b4, d3, e1 and e2 long and slender; papilla H and guard setae h1 and h2 present, normal; other guard setae not seen; six proximal setae, four basolateral setae, four basomedian setae. Outer lobe of maxilla with one sublobal hair. Mandible with four blunt apical teeth. Labral formula 5-4-2; two prelabral setae. Postantennal organ (Figs 6 F, 7A‒C) elongate, in shallow trench, mainly with two or three rows of bacilliform vesicles often irregularly arranged; anterior row usually entire, with 32‒35 vesicles; posterior row of 27‒30 vesicles interrupted laterally by expansion in exterior half to field of about 20‒25 globular vesicles; PAO with three guard setae along posterior edge.</p><p>Ant. I with 7 setae, Ant. II with 11 setae. Sense organ of Ant. III with two converging sense clubs and two minute, clavate or weakly bilobed sensory rods partially covered by cuticular lobes; three proximal guard setae (Fig. 6 G). Ventral sense club with offset basal stalk (Fig. 6 H). All Ant. III setae pointed. Dorsal side of Ant. IV (Fig. 6 G) with 10 arcuate sensilla, one proximal sensillum thicker than others; microsensillum rod-like, in shallow groove; subapical organite clavate, slightly bifid at tip, rising from cup-like depression; apical bulb spherical. Most longer dorsal and lateral setae of Ant. IV thin but sensilliform with blunt tips. Ventrally, Ant. IV with thick, tapering subapical sensillum and several sensilliform setae of various lengths (Fig. 6 H); poorly defined ventral sensory field composed of mix of about 9 pointed or blunt setae surrounding larger sensilliform seta.</p><p>All leg setae pointed. Trochanter with 4 setae, femur with 9 setae. Tibiotarsal setal number 12, A and B setal whorls of six setae each (Fig. 6 I). Unguis stout, without teeth or tunica-like expansion; unguiculus pointed, minute.</p><p>Dorsally, cephalic setae sd4, oc2, g3 and p5 macrosetae, other setae on head dorsum short mesosetae (Fig. 6 A). Seta v2 present, v1 absent. Six setae between posterior cephalic pseudocelli, p1 slightly longer than p2. Medial seta anterior to and same size as a0. Pronotum with 8 setae. Mesonotum and metanotum (Fig. 6 B) with m-row consisting of m1, m4 and m5; setae a2, a4 and p5 macrosetae; p3 longer than p1 but shorter than p5. Abdominal segments I, IV and V without m-setae, m4 present on Abd. II and III, length similar to that of p3. Setae a2, p3 and p5 longer than other setae on Abd. III and IV; a4 slightly longer than or equal to a3 on Abd. I‒III, long on Abd IV (Fig. 6 B). On Abd. IV p2 displaced slightly anteriorly, shorter than p1. On Abd. V setae p1 and p2 absent (Fig. 6 C), sensilliform seta p3 tapering (Fig. 7 E inset); a2, a4 and p5 macrosetae. Abd. VI with two unpaired medial setae (Fig. 3C).</p><p>Ventrally, head with three pairs of medial setae. Mesosternum and metasternum each with two setae. Ventral tube with 4+4 setae on valves and 2+2 setae on base. Abdominal sternal setae usually variable and irregularly arranged. Sternum of Abd. II with 6 a-setae, m-setae m0 and m3 or m1 and m3, and 6 p-setae (Fig. 6 D). Sternum of Abd. III similar but a-row with 10 setae. Arrangement of setae on Abd. IV sternum variable and usually irregular; a0 and m0 present, absent or one seta shifted to median. Sternum of Abd. V with five setae surrounding the genital aperture and two setae, occasionally three setae arranged asymmetrically, on the anterior lip. Sternum of Abd. VI with complete setal complement.</p><p>Etymology. This distinctive new species is named in honor of the noted pharmacologist Dr. Charles Ozwin Rutledge, whose family are generous benefactors of Great Smoky Mountains National Park.</p><p>Remarks. Mixturatulla ozwini n. sp. differs from nearly all other Tullbergiidae in lacking pseudocelli on the metanotum. It shares this character with Ameritulla clavata n. comb. and Psammophorura miniclavata n. sp., but M. ozwini n. sp. possesses pseudocelli on Abd. I‒V, whereas A. clavata and P. miniclavata lack them on Abd. I and III. Tubercle size and arrangement on Abd. VI also differ markedly. In M. ozwini n. sp. the dorsal tubercles are strongly erumpent, of irregular shape and up to twice as wide as the granulations on A. clavata, which are round and clearly separated. Finally, the PAOs of the three species differ markedly in number and arrangement of the vesicles.</p><p>Mixturatulla ozwini n. sp. bears some resemblance to Tullbergia silvicola Folsom, 1932 . The latter species has a PAO with two rows expanding into multiple rows toward the exterior end, and Abd. VI has rows of enlarged granules, although they are not coalescent as in M. ozwini n. sp. The two species differ markedly in several characters. In M. ozwini n. sp. the labial palp has blunt papillae A and B; In T. silvicola all labial palp papillae are pointed (unpublished).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AA5587BF5C24FFAAFF22FB0EFE7664AC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bernard, Ernest C.	Bernard, Ernest C. (2016): Two new genera and five new species of Tullbergiidae (Collembola) from the southern Appalachian Mountains of North America, with redescription of Tullbergia clavata Mills. Zootaxa 4162 (3): 451-478, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4162.3.3
AA5587BF5C23FFB7FF22F9F2FC5267A9.text	AA5587BF5C23FFB7FF22F9F2FC5267A9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Psammophorura miniclavata	<div><p>Psammophorura miniclavata n. sp.</p><p>Figs 8, 9</p><p>Material examined. Holotype female (slide) and 36 paratypes (7 females on slides, remainder in ethanol), Tennessee, Sullivan County, Cherokee National Forest, Jacob Creek riparian zone, 36.5788 -81.9861, elev. 487 m, moist moss mat in Rhododendron catawbiense - Tsuga canadensis stand, sample 2008-3B, 11 June 2008, E. C. Bernard &amp; K.- H. Park, colls.</p><p>Description. White. Length of adult females 552‒611 µm (n = 6, mean = 580 µm). Antenna length (62‒65 µm) shorter than head length (87‒93 µm), length ratio of Ant I:II:III:IV as 1:1.5:1.9:2.0. Pseudocellus shape primarily Type I (stellate) (Fig. 9B), a few grading toward Type II (double striate), formula 11/010/01011. Pseudopores absent. Anal spines two, curved, pointed, on short, broad bases.</p><p>Granules on head and body small, composed mainly of three elements and appearing triangular. Thoracic nota and Abd. I mid-dorsally with 2‒4 longitudinal rows of granules (Fig. 9A); pronotum primarily with uniform, dense granules. On Th. II, Th. III and Abd. I adjacent dorsal areas with larger, widely spaced granules, remaining dorsal regions with small, dense granules, dorsolaterally and laterally granules larger, farther apart. Abd. II‒IV granulation similar to that of Abd. I but without median rows of granules. Posterior region of all segments except pronotum and Abd. VI with several sinuous transverse rows of granules similar in shape, size and density to those in medial regions (Fig. 9A). Granules on Abd. VI triangular, minute, not dense (Fig. 9D).</p><p>Labial palpus (Fig. 8 D) with papillae A‒E, papilla spines pointed, similar; guard setae a1 and b1 minute, conical; b2, b4, d3, e1 and e2 long and slender; papilla H and guard setae h1 and h2 present, normal; other guard setae, if present, not seen; six proximal setae, four basolateral setae, four basomedian setae. Maxillary palpus without sublobal hairs, seta and spine of papilla of equal length (Fig. 8 E). Head of maxilla with lamellae 1 and 2 extending past capitulum teeth; lamella 1 with large basal lobe. Mandible with four blunt apical teeth. Two prelabral setae, labrum with 5-4-2 setae, all setae similar in length and thickness. Postantennal organ oval, with 19‒26 oval vesicles perpendicular to the main axis; occasionally one or two small intercalary vesicles (Fig. 8 F).</p><p>Ant. I with 7 setae, Ant. II with 11 setae. Sense organ of Ant. III with two converging sense clubs and two minute, clavate sensory rods partially covered by two cuticular lobes; three proximal guard setae (Fig. 8 G). Ventral sense club with slightly offset basal stalk. All Ant. III setae pointed. Ant. IV (Fig. 8 G) with six blunt, arcuate sensilla and a very thick, almost straight dorsal sensillum; microsensillum prostrate in groove; subapical organite clavate, slightly bifid at tip, rising from prominent cup-like depression; apical bulb slightly swollen. Most longer dorsal and lateral setae of Ant. IV slender but sensilliform with blunt tips, most shorter setae pointed. Ventrally, Ant. IV with one curved and two thick, straight sensilla; longer setae sensilliform; weak ventral sensory field of about 10 short, straight, blunt setae (Fig. 8 H).</p><p>All leg setae pointed. Femur with 9 setae. Tibiotarsal setal number 12 or 13, with A and B setal whorls 7-6, 7- 5 or 6-6, respectively, regardless of leg location (Fig. 8 I). Unguis stout, without teeth or tunica-like expansion; unguiculus a small knob.</p><p>Dorsally, cephalic seta p5 a macroseta, other setae shorter and of similar length (Fig. 8 A). Seta v2 present, v1 absent. Six setae between posterior cephalic pseudocelli. Medial seta present anterior to a0. Pronotum with 8 setae. Mesonotum and metanotum each with m-row consisting of m1, m4 and m5; setae a4 and p5 longer than other notal setae; p3 long on metanotum; p1 slightly shorter than p2; microsensillum in shallow pit. Abdominal segments I‒III without m-setae, a2, p3 and/or p5 longer than other setae. Abd. IV with m-row consisting of m4 and m5; p2 displaced anteriorly, shorter than p1; p3 and p5 long. On Abd. V setae a2 and p1 absent, p2 displaced anteriorly; a4, p2 and p5 macrosetae; p3 a curved, tapering sensilliform seta (Figs 9C, D). Abd. VI with two unpaired medial setae.</p><p>Ventrally, head with three pairs of medial setae. Mesosternum and metasternum each with two setae. Ventral tube with 4+4 setae on valves and 2+2 setae on base. Ventral chaetotaxy typically with some asymmetry. Sternum of Abd. II with 4 a-setae, medial m-seta m0 and m2, and 6 p-setae. Sternum of Abd. III similar but m-row consisting of m1 and m2. Anterior row of Abd. IV sternum with medial a0; m-row consisting of m1, m3, m4, m5; seta p1 well anterior to p2 (Fig. 8 C). Genital aperture with five surrounding setae and two microsetae on the anterior lip. Anal lobes of Abd. VI with full complement of 19 setae on each side; seta p3 only slightly longer than p3a. Pleural regions of Abd. II and III each with an anterior sensilliform seta, that of Abd, IV with a posterior sensilliform seta.</p><p>Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin modifier mini-, referring to the small size of the species, and clavata, species name of the much larger Ameritulla clavata, the only previously described tullbergiid species with the same pseudocellar formula 11/010/01011.</p><p>Remarks. Psammophorura miniclavata n. sp. is placed in its genus on the basis of small size, subcylindrical antennal sensilla, PAO shape and arrangement of tightly packed, oval vesicles, presence of five pointed papillae on the labial palp and lack of crescentic ridges on Abd. VI. This last character separates Psammophorura Thibaud &amp; Weiner, 1994 from Mesaphorura Börner, 1901 (sensu Dunger &amp; Schlitt 2011). In the key of Dunger &amp; Schlitt (2011) it traces to Psammophorura Thibaud &amp; Weiner, 1994 if one assumes unknown intrageneric variation. It resembles the two previously known species of Psammophorura ( P. gedanicus Thibaud &amp; Weiner, 1994 and P. neocaledonica Thibaud &amp; Weiner, 1997) in the appearance of the PAO but lacks pseudocelli on Th. III (present in other Psammophurura spp.), lacks a tunica-like structure on the unguis and lacks the transverse groove on Abd. IV briefly mentioned in the other Psammophorura spp. In P. miniclavata n. sp. all of the pseudocelli are stellate or occasionally doubly striate (Types I, II), whereas in the other two species stellate pseudocelli occur only on the head and Abd. V; the remainder are crescentic (Type III). However, specimens of P. neocaledonica from Norway (Fjellberg 1998) and most of those from China (Bu et al. 2013) possessed only stellate setae, as in P. miniclavata n. sp. The new species has seven thickened sensilla on the dorsal surface of Ant. IV, whereas the previously described species each have five. Psammophorura miniclavata n. sp. also bears a strong superficial resemblance to species of Pongeiella Rusek, 1991, but has five papillae on the labial palp, whereas Pongeiella has only two papillae (Fjellberg 1998, 1999).</p><p>Interestingly, all three species of Psammophorura have been reported almost solely from riparian or littoral zones: P. gedanicus along the Gulf of Gdańsk, Poland, and littoral zones of Norway ; P. neocaledonica at various points on New Caledonia, also sand beaches and forest on Hainan Island, China; and P. miniclavata n. sp. from a sandy riverbank in the southern Appalachian region of North America.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AA5587BF5C23FFB7FF22F9F2FC5267A9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bernard, Ernest C.	Bernard, Ernest C. (2016): Two new genera and five new species of Tullbergiidae (Collembola) from the southern Appalachian Mountains of North America, with redescription of Tullbergia clavata Mills. Zootaxa 4162 (3): 451-478, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4162.3.3
AA5587BF5C3EFFB3FF22F8E3FC6C6694.text	AA5587BF5C3EFFB3FF22F8E3FC6C6694.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenaphorura shaconage	<div><p>Stenaphorura shaconage n. sp.</p><p>Figs 10‒12</p><p>Material examined. Holotype female, North Carolina, Swain County, Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP), Ravensford area, leaf litter in mixed deciduous upland forest, near pitfall 35, N669200.106, E722181.572, 28 December 2001, E.C. Bernard and A. Mayor, colls . Paratypes: two females and one male on slides, three specimens in ethanol, same data as holotype; one male and one female on slides, two in ethanol, same data as holotype except near pitfall 37, N669182.193, E722188.803; one female on slide, Tennessee, Cocke County, GSMNP, Cosby area near DLIA house, sample RTA-5-A1S, UTMe 299905, UTMn 3962097, elev. 1183 m, 3 July 2005, R.T. &amp; S.H. Allen, colls.; two females on slides , Tennessee, Blount County, GSMNP, soil and organic debris at mouth of Gregory Cave, N35°36’ W83°48’, 15 October 1998, W. Reeves, coll.; one male, Tennessee, Blount County, GSMNP, trail above Laurel Falls, no other data.</p><p>Description. White; length 674‒1034 µm (mean 834 µm); antennae shorter than head, dorsal setae differentiated as microsetae, mesosetae and macrosetae. Pseudocellar formula 11/122/22221, occasionally a lateral pso missing from one side; large dorsal body pseudocelli primarily Type III (crescentic) (Figs 11 D, E), sometimes apparently structureless; small lateral pseudocelli with uniform surface, internal structure not observed (Fig. 11 C). Pseudocelli typically partly surrounded by coalesced granules forming flattened, linear structures (Figs 11 C‒E). Dorsal pseudocelli of Abd. IV each with prominent accessory tubercle (Fig. 11 D). Pseudopores absent. Abd. VI with two pairs of anal spines and pair of protuberances anterior to proximal spines (Fig. 11 B). Terminal anal spines twice length of lateral spines, length 1.5‒1.7× that of posterior unguis.</p><p>Granules on dorsum of head of variable size (diameter 1.4‒2.2 µm, mean 1.7 µm), evenly distributed, round. Thoracic nota and Abd. I‒II with strong mid-dorsal band of 12‒15 longitudinal rows of large granules (diameter 2.2‒2.7 µm, mean 2.6 µm), subdorsal fields with smaller granules (diameter 1.2‒1.6 µm, mean 1.4 µm). Abd. III‒V granulation not in longitudinal rows. Posterior region of all segments except pronotum and Abd. VI with up to 15 distinct transverse rows of granules between the dorsal pseudocelli (Figs 11 B, E). On Abd. VI dorsal granules large, of similar size, 2.5‒3.0 µm (mean = 2.7 µm).</p><p>Labial palpus with papillae A, B, C and D (Fig. 10 G), spines not thickened or rounded, spine of C shorter than others; a1 guard seta a minute knob, two slender guard setae associated with papilla B, two associated with papilla D, other guard setae if present not seen. Hypostomal seta H and guard setae h1 and h2 normal. Outer lobe of maxilla without sublobal hairs, terminal seta long and robust (Fig. 10 H). Mandible with four apical teeth. Two prelabral setae. Labral formula 3-4-2, distal setae and middle setae of middle row much stouter and longer than other setae. Postantennal organ variable in size, consisting of 32‒52 oval vesicles in two rows, with one or more small, round vesicles between or within the rows (Figs 10 D, 11A).</p><p>Ant. I with 7 setae, Ant. II with 11 setae. Dorsally, Ant. IV with seven prominent curved sensilla and two equally prominent but straight sensilliform setae (Fig. 10 E); other dorsal setae thin but sensilliform with rounded tips; microsensillum a short rod set in a groove; organite oval; apical bulb spherical, granulate. Ventral face of Ant. IV with two arcuate sensilla and four straight, strong, sensilliform distal setae, one of which is much longer than the other three; mid-ventral region with seven short setae, most with rounded tips (Fig. 10 F) Ant. III dorsal sense organ with three large sense clubs and two sense rods partially covered by integumentary folds, and four guard setae; sense rods minutely lobed along apex (Fig. 10 E). Ant. III ventral sense club present; all Ant. III setae pointed.</p><p>All leg setae pointed. Each femur with 8 setae, fore, middle and hind tibiotarsi with 12, 12, 11 setae, respectively (Fig. 10 I). Unguis stout, without teeth or tunica-like expansion; unguiculus an irregular knob. Tenacular region on Abd. III venter indicated by ungranulated transverse oval between m1 setae; furcal region on Abd. IV indicated by ungranulated T-shaped region between a1 and m1 setae (Figs 10 C, 12B).</p><p>Head strongly heterochaetotic (Fig. 10 A), medial microseta anterior to seta a0; all d-setae minute, d2 slightly longer than others; seta sd5 long; sd4, v2, c5, g2, p1, p2 and p5 macrosetae, other setae mesosetae or microsetae. Seta v1 present, v2 absent. Six setae between posterior cephalic pseudocelli; p1 and p2 of equal length. Pronotum with 8 setae. Mesonotum and metanotum each with m-row consisting of m1, m3, m4 and m5; setae a3, m4 and p5 macrosetae; seta p1 absent on mesonotum, present on metanotum, where p2 is longer than p1; microsensillum in shallow pit near long sensory seta (Fig. 10 B). Abdominal segment I with seta m4, Abd. II‒IV with six a-setae and with m4 and m5; p2 longer than p1 on Abd. II and III, p2 shorter than p1 on Abd. IV and displaced anteriorly. On Abd. V seta p1 absent, all setae as macrosetae except a1 and a3 (Fig. 11 E). Abd. VI with two unpaired medial setae.</p><p>Ventrally, head with three pairs of medial setae. Mesosternum and metasternum each with two setae. Ventral tube with 4+4 setae on valves and 2+2 setae on base. Ventral abdominal setae frequently arranged asymmetrically. Sterna of Abd. II‒IV each with 4 a-setae, medial m-seta (m0) and postero-lateral sensilliform seta. Sternum of Abd. V with two rows of setae anterior to genital aperture, second row with medial seta; setae lateral to aperture sensilliform. Pleural regions of Abd. II‒IV each with anterior and posterior sensilliform setae, Abd. V with one pleural sensilliform seta (Fig. 10 C). Anterior lip of genital aperture with two setae. Male genital plate (Figs 12 C, D) slightly recessed, with 16 setae; six most anterior setae stout, bifurcate, overlapping six smaller, pointed setae; aperture flanked posteriorly by two wavy setulae; granule-free zones each with one seta in posterior area. Anal lobes of Abd. VI with complete complement of setae. Pleural regions of Abd. II‒IV each with anterior and posterior blunt sensilliform setae.</p><p>Etymology. The specific name, shaconage, is a Cherokee word meaning “place (or land) of blue smoke”, referring to the hazy bluish appearance of the southern Appalachian Mountains and peaks along the Blue Ridge Parkway, where most of the specimens were collected.</p><p>Remarks. Stenaphorura shaconage n. sp. is the first member of its genus reported from North America. The presence of two pairs of pseudocelli on several segments distinguishes it from most other members of the genus and places it outside the limits of Stenaphorura as defined by Rusek (2010) and Dunger &amp; Schlitt (2011). Some specimens of S. metaparisi (Traser &amp; Weiner, 1999) have two pairs of pseudocelli on the mesonotum, metanotum and Abd. IV (Traser &amp; Weiner 1999), but S. shaconage n. sp. has two pairs on the mesonotum, metanotum and Abd. I‒IV. Stenaphorura marionae Thibaud, 2002 has the same pso formula as S. shaconage n. sp. but possesses only two dorsal sense clubs on Ant. III and thus may not even be a true Stenaphorura, for which the presence of three dorsal sense clubs is a defining characteristic (Dunger &amp; Schlitt 2011). Fissuraphorura gisini (Selga, 1963) also has the same pso formula and has three Ant. III sense clubs, but differs in numerous features of the postantennal organ and chaetotaxy (Luciañez &amp; Simon 1992, Selga 1963).</p><p>The chaetotaxy and most other characters of S. shaconage are identical to those of Tullbergia nearctica n. sp. The species are easily separated by the number of anal spines. The dorsal granules on Abd. VI of S. shaconage n. sp. are of uniform size and well-separated (Fig. 11 B), whereas those of T. nearctica n. sp. are of two size ranges (smaller anteriorly, larger posteriorly) and densely packed (Fig. 14 E).</p><p>The male genital plate, with six stout, bifurcate setae and ten pointed setae, appears to be quite distinctive, but this structure has previously been described only for S. quadrispina Börner, 1901 . That species has six pointed setae on the anterior margin and two lateral setae (Stach 1954). Some of the differences may be due to interpretation of what constitutes the genital plate, but they suggest that the male genital plate needs to be carefully described when it is encountered. Most Stenaphorura and Dinaphorura spp. are known to have males and the characters of the plate could have species-specific taxonomic value.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AA5587BF5C3EFFB3FF22F8E3FC6C6694	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bernard, Ernest C.	Bernard, Ernest C. (2016): Two new genera and five new species of Tullbergiidae (Collembola) from the southern Appalachian Mountains of North America, with redescription of Tullbergia clavata Mills. Zootaxa 4162 (3): 451-478, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4162.3.3
AA5587BF5C3BFFBFFF22FF52FC9660C1.text	AA5587BF5C3BFFBFFF22FF52FC9660C1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tullbergia nearctica	<div><p>Tullbergia nearctica n. sp.</p><p>Figs 13, 14</p><p>Material examined. Holotype female and two paratype females on slides, North Carolina, Jackson County, Blue Ridge Parkway, Waterrock Knob, ridge samples 3‒5, 648103N 763749E, spruce-fir forest , 29 April 2002, J. Robertson, coll.; four paratypes in alcohol, same locality data except ridge samples 8 &amp; 9, 648102N 763704E; two paratypes in alcohol and two females mounted on slides, same locality except streamside creek samples 8 &amp; 9, 646557N 766443E, 29 April 2002 .</p><p>Description. White; length 757‒899 µm; antennae shorter than head, ratio of Ant. I‒IV as 1:1.2:1.6:2.2; strongly heterochaetotic, dorsal head setae differentiated as microsetae, mesosetae and macrosetae (Fig. 13 A). Pseudocellar formula 11/122/22221; pseudocelli primarily Type III (crescentic) (Fig. 13 F), sometimes apparently structureless; small lateral pseudocelli with uniform surface, without internal structure. Pseudocelli bordered by individual granules occasionally coalescing into larger masses. Pseudopores absent. Anal spines about 1.7× length of hind unguis.</p><p>Granules on dorsum of head of variable size (diameter 1.3‒2.7 µm, mean 2.0 µm), evenly distributed, round. Thoracic nota and Abd. I‒II with strong mid-dorsal band of about 16 longitudinal rows of large granules (diameter 1.6‒2.0 µm, mean 1.8 µm), subdorsal fields with smaller granules (diameter 1.1‒1.4 µm, mean 1.3 µm) (Fig. 14 D). Abd. III‒V granulation densely packed, not in longitudinal rows (Fig. 14 E). Posterior region of all segments except pronotum and Abd. VI with about 15 distinct transverse rows of granules between the dorsal pseudocelli (Figs 14 D, E). On Abd. VI granules smaller on anterior than on posterior, diameter of larger posterior granules 1.8‒3.1 µm (mean = 2.3 µm).</p><p>Labial palpus lacking papilla E; spines of papillae A‒D pointed, not rounded at tip, spine of C shorter than the others; seven guard setae, of which a1, b1 and d1 reduced to minute knobs; two slender guard setae associated with papilla B, two associated with papilla D (Fig. 13 E). Hypostomal seta H and guard setae h1 and h2 normal. Basomedian area of labium with five setae. Outer lobe of maxilla without sublobal setae but terminal seta long and robust. Two prelabral setae; labral setal formula 3-4-2, distal pair of setae stout, proximal setae and outer setae of middle row minute (Fig. 14 C). Mandible with four teeth (Fig. 13 D). Postantennal organ with two rows of oval vesicles with about 25 vesicles per row; several small vesicles forming a short middle row in the outer half of the PAO (Figs 13 F, 14A, B).</p><p>Antennal segment IV with seven prominent curved sensilla and several thinner, straight sensilliform setae with finely rounded tips; four pointed setae mid-dorsally; microsensillum a short rod set in shallow groove; organite peg-like; apical bulb stalked, spherical, granulate (Fig. 13 G). Ventral face of Ant. IV with eight sensilliform setae, four of them sub-distal, straight, one twice the length of the others; weak ventral field region with about 16 short, pointed setae (Fig. 13 H). Ant. III dorsal sense organ with three large sense clubs and two sense rods partially or wholly covered by integumentary folds, and four guard setae; sense rods minutely lobed along apex. Ant. III ventral sense club present; all Ant. III setae pointed (Fig. 13 H).</p><p>All leg setae pointed. Trochanter with 4 setae, femur with 8 setae. All tibiotarsi with 11 setae (Fig. 13 I). Unguis stout, without teeth; unguiculus pointed. Tenacular region on Abd. III venter indicated by ungranulated transverse oval between a1 and m1 setae; furcal region on Abd. IV indicated by ungranulated T-shaped region between a1 and p1 setae (Fig. 13 J).</p><p>Head heterochaetotic, seta a0 a mesoseta; one medial microseta anterior to a0; d1 and d4 microsetae; seta d2 longer than other d-setae, sd3 and sd5 longer than sd1 and sd4; g3, g5, oc2 and p5 macrosetae and c5 longer than other c-setae; c5 posterior to c4. Seta v1 present, v2 absent. Six setae between posterior cephalic pseudocelli, p1 and p2 about equal in length (Fig. 13 A). Pronotum with 8 setae. Mesonotum and metanotum each with m-row consisting of m1, m3, m4 and m5; setae a3, m4 and p5 the longest in their respective rows; seta p1 absent on mesonotum, present on metanotum, where p2 is longer than p1; microsensillum in shallow pit near m5. Abd. I with seta m4, Abd. II‒IV with five a-setae and with m4 and m5; p2 more than twice the length of p1 on Abd. II and III, p2 slightly longer than p1 on Abd. IV and displaced anteriorly (Fig. 13 B). On Abd. V seta p1 absent, p2 short, not displaced anteriorly; p3 tapering (Fig. 14 E, upper inset); a2, a5 and p5 macrosetae. Abd. VI seta a2 thickened, minutely rugose on convex side (Fig. 14 E, lower inset).</p><p>Ventrally, head with three pairs of medial setae. Mesosternum and metasternum each with two setae. Ventral tube with 4+4 setae on valves and 2+2 setae on base. Ventral setae occasionally exhibiting some asymmetry. Abd.</p><p>III sternum with seta p0. Abd. IV sternum with m-row consisting of m1, m3, m5; seta p1 well anterior to p2, seta p4 present (Fig. 13 C). Genital aperture on Abd. V with five surrounding setae and two microsetae on anterior lip. Ventral lobes of Abd. VI with full complement of setae (Fig. 14 F). Pleural regions of Abd. II‒IV each with anterior and posterior blunt sensilliform setae.</p><p>Etymology. This species is named nearctica to denote its North American habitat and to recognize its similarity to the Holarctic species T. arctica Wahlgren, 1900 .</p><p>Remarks. On Abd. IV setae m4 and m5 are shifted medially and appear to be in the m3-m4 positions. However, their pattern of short and long setae corresponds to that on other abdominal segments and therefore are labeled m4 and m5.</p><p>Four of the 22 Tullbergia spp. with three sense clubs on Ant. III have the same pseudocellar formula as T. nearctica n. sp.: T. alcirae Palacios-Vargas &amp; Salazar Martinez, 2014; T. antarctica Lubbock, 1876; T. arctica; and T. maxima Deharveng, 1981 (Deharveng 1981, Fjellberg 1984, 1998). Tullbergia alcirae has four setae between the Th. III posterior pseudocelli, has seta p2 anterior to p1 on Abd. IV, lacks setae p1 and p2 on Abd. V, and possesses two clavate ventral setae on each tibiotarsus ( T. nearctica n. sp. with six setae between the Th. III pseudocelli, Abd. IV seta p2 posterior to p1, seta p2 present on Abd. V, all tibiotarsal setae pointed). The other three species ( T. antarctica, T. arctica, T. maxima) have 2+2 cephalic v-setae, whereas T. nearctica n. sp. has only 1+1 v-setae. Of the three, T. nearctica n. sp. is most similar to T. arctica in chaetotaxy. The new species possesses seta m3 and lacks p4 on the mesonotum and metanotum ( T. arctica without m3, with p4, see Fjellberg 1984, 1998). On Abd. IV T. nearctica n. sp. possesses seta a3, which is absent in T. arctica .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AA5587BF5C3BFFBFFF22FF52FC9660C1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bernard, Ernest C.	Bernard, Ernest C. (2016): Two new genera and five new species of Tullbergiidae (Collembola) from the southern Appalachian Mountains of North America, with redescription of Tullbergia clavata Mills. Zootaxa 4162 (3): 451-478, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4162.3.3
