taxonID	type	description	language	source
AA7E8793FFABF6416CC3F221FE89FE5A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. – 1 male (cl 4.2 mm), 1 female (cl 4.5 mm) (IOCAS), CN X 142 B- 18, Beibu Bay, 18 30 ’ N, 108 30 ’ E, 29 m, sandy mud, AT, coll. F. Sun, 6 Jan. 1962; 1 male (cl 4.2 mm) (IOCAS), CN N 220 B- 57, 18 15 ’ N, 108 45 ’ E, 38 m, sand and shells, AT, coll. J. Liu, 16 May. 1960; 1 female (cl 4.2 mm) (IOCAS), CN 18 - 43, 17 30 ’ N, 109 00 ’ E, 91 m, sandy mud, AT, coll. J. Liu, 30 Jan. 1959; 2 females (cl 3.5, 3.8 mm), 1 ovig. female (cl 3.9 mm) (IOCAS), CN X 224 B- 65 B, Beibu Bay, 18 30 ’ N, 108 30 ’ E, 26 m, sand, AT, 16 Aug. 1962; 1 ovig. female (cl 5.2 mm) (IOCAS), CN N 183 B- 58, 20 15 ’ N, 110 45 ’ E, 55 m, sand, AT, coll. Wang, 9 Apr. 1960.	en	Li, Xinzheng, Komai, Tomoyuki (2003): Pandaloid Shrimps From The Northern South China Sea, With Description Of A New Species Of Plesionika (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51 (2): 257-275, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13229438
AA7E8793FFABF6416CC3F221FE89FE5A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. – Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Singapore, Indonesia, Philippines, East and South China Seas, Japan; littoral to 91 m.	en	Li, Xinzheng, Komai, Tomoyuki (2003): Pandaloid Shrimps From The Northern South China Sea, With Description Of A New Species Of Plesionika (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51 (2): 257-275, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13229438
AA7E8793FFABF6416CC3F221FE89FE5A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. – The present specimens from Chinese waters fit the previous accounts of Chlorotocella gracilis (cf. De Man 1920, Hayashi & Miyake 1968, Chace 1985) and agree with the comparative material from Japan. Other than C. gracilis, two nominal taxa known from Australia, Pandalus leptorhynchus Stimpson, 1860, and Parapandalus leptorhynchus gibber Hale, 1924, are referable to Chlorotocella as they possess the following generic features: the rostrum bears only one fixed dorsal tooth arising somewhat anterior to the orbital margin; a supraorbital spine is present; the suborbital lobe is well developed, longer than the antennal spine; the fourth and fifth abdominal somites are each armed with posterolateral tooth; and the carpus of the second pereopods consists of three articles (see Hale, 1927). However, the relationships of these three taxa are still not clear.	en	Li, Xinzheng, Komai, Tomoyuki (2003): Pandaloid Shrimps From The Northern South China Sea, With Description Of A New Species Of Plesionika (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51 (2): 257-275, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13229438
AA7E8793FFABF6426FD8F7D0FE7FFA55.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. – 1 female (cl 4.0 mm) (IOCAS), CN 19 - 49, Beibu Bay, 18 00 ’ N, 108 30 ’ E, 79 m, muddy sand, BT, coll. Z. Fan, 28 Jan. 1959; 3 females (cl 6.0 - 7.3 mm) (IOCAS), CN Q 62 B- 33, 18 45 ’ N, 108 15 ’ E, 49 m, muddy sand, AT, coll. F. Xu, 17 Apr. 1959; 3 males (cl 7.0 - 7.4 mm), 2 females (cl 6.0, 7.5 mm), 4 ovig. females (cl 7.0 - 7.9 mm) (IOCAS), 1 male, 1 female (CBM-ZC), CN Q 118 - 40, 22 45 ’ N, 116 00 ’ E, 23 m, sandy mud, AT, coll. Wang, 10 Jan. 1960; 10 males (cl 3.4 - 5.7 mm), 17 females (cl 3.1 - 5.0 mm), 17 ovig. females (cl 5.0 - 6.4 mm) (IOCAS), 1 male, 1 ovig. female (ZRC), CN N 219 B- 178, 18 15 ’ N, 108 30 ’ E, 54 m, muddy sand, AT, coll. J. Liu, 16 May. 1960; 1 ovig. female (cl 6.9 mm) (IOCAS), CN X 295 B- 25 B, Beibu Bay, 20 00 ’ N, 108 30 ’ E, 64 m, AT, 18 Oct. 1962.	en	Li, Xinzheng, Komai, Tomoyuki (2003): Pandaloid Shrimps From The Northern South China Sea, With Description Of A New Species Of Plesionika (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51 (2): 257-275, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13229438
AA7E8793FFABF6426FD8F7D0FE7FFA55.taxon	distribution	Distribution. – South China Sea, Maldive Islands, Andaman Islands, Indonesia, and Philippines; at depths of 15 - 141 m.	en	Li, Xinzheng, Komai, Tomoyuki (2003): Pandaloid Shrimps From The Northern South China Sea, With Description Of A New Species Of Plesionika (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51 (2): 257-275, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13229438
AA7E8793FFABF6426FD8F7D0FE7FFA55.taxon	discussion	Remarks. – The present specimens agree closely with the previous descriptions of Chlorotocoides spinicauda (cf. De Man, 1902; Chace, 1985). Although the known records of this species are rather scarce, the species appears common in local waters.	en	Li, Xinzheng, Komai, Tomoyuki (2003): Pandaloid Shrimps From The Northern South China Sea, With Description Of A New Species Of Plesionika (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51 (2): 257-275, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13229438
AA7E8793FFABF6426CC4F757FB6CFBEC.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. – 1 male (cl 3.5 mm) (IOCAS), CN N 219 B- 178 B, 18 15 ’ N, 108 30 ’ E, 54 m, muddy sand, AT, coll. J. Liu, 16 May. 1960.	en	Li, Xinzheng, Komai, Tomoyuki (2003): Pandaloid Shrimps From The Northern South China Sea, With Description Of A New Species Of Plesionika (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51 (2): 257-275, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13229438
AA7E8793FFABF6426CC4F757FB6CFBEC.taxon	distribution	Distribution. – Red Sea, Indian Ocean to Indonesia, Philippines, South China Sea, Japan, Marshall Islands; shallow waters to 100 m.	en	Li, Xinzheng, Komai, Tomoyuki (2003): Pandaloid Shrimps From The Northern South China Sea, With Description Of A New Species Of Plesionika (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51 (2): 257-275, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13229438
AA7E8793FFABF6426CC4F757FB6CFBEC.taxon	discussion	Remarks. – The present specimen is somewhat damaged: the rostrum and antennae are broken off, but the detached fragment of the rostrum is still preserved. It agrees well with the previous accounts of Thalassocaris crinita by De Man (1920), Menon & Williamson (1971) and Chace (1985). FAMILY PANDALIDAE	en	Li, Xinzheng, Komai, Tomoyuki (2003): Pandaloid Shrimps From The Northern South China Sea, With Description Of A New Species Of Plesionika (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51 (2): 257-275, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13229438
AA7E8793FFA8F6416F80F417FBE4FC0A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. – 3 females (cl 9.4 - 10.0 mm) (IOCAS), CN L 43 B- 4, 18 30 ’ N, 111 30 ’ E, 182 m, sandy mud, AT, coll. X. Ma, 11 Apr. 1959; 1 female (cl 10.1 mm), 1 ovig. female (cl 11.4 mm) (IOCAS), CN K 30 B- 33 B, 20 00 ’ N, 112 30 ’ E, 99 m, sand, AT, coll. F. Sun, 18 Apr. 1959; 2 ovig. females (cl 10.3, 11.0 mm) (IOCAS), CN L 58 B- 5 B, 19 30 ’ N, 112 00 ’ E, 120 m, sand, AT, coll. Y. Wang, 20 Apr. 1959; 1 female (cl 9.7 mm), 1 ovig. female (cl 10.3 mm, 2 specimens (cl 6.6, 7.2, abdomens lost) (IOCAS), CN K 33 B- 53, 19 30 ’ N, 113 00 ’ E, 180 m, muddy sand, AT, coll. F. Sun, 21 Apr. 1959; 1 ovig. female (cl 10.2 mm) (IOCAS), CN K 45 B- 54, 20 30 ’ N, 113 30 ’ E, 89 m, muddy sand, AT, coll. F. Sun, 25 Apr. 1959; 1 female (cl 11.1 mm) (IOCAS), CN K 46 B 2 - 21, 20 00 ’ N, 113 30 ’ E, 140 m, sand, AT, coll. F. Sun, 25 Apr. 1959; 2 females (cl 6.4, 11.4 mm) (IOCAS), CN K 55 B- 19, 19 30 ’ N, 112 30 ’ E, 156 m, shells and sand, AT, coll. Y. Wang and F. Sun, 5 Jul. 1959; 2 specimens (damaged) (IOCAS), CN SIII 19 B- 7, 21 30 ’ N, 115 30 ’ E, 115 m, sandy mud, AT, coll. W. Zhang, 14 Jul. 1959; 1 female (cl 9.3 mm), 2 ovig. females (cl 8.3 - 9.4 mm) (IOCAS), 1 ovig. female (ZRC), CN R 39 A- 5, 17 00 ’ N, 109 30 ’ E, 157 m, sandy mud, AT, coll. Z. Fan, 15 Jul. 1959; 2 ovig. females (cl 10.7, 10.8 mm) (IOCAS), CN SIII 28 B- 43 B, 21 45 ’ N, 116 00 ’ E, 103 m, sand, AT, coll. Weiquan Zhang, 15 Jul. 1959; 1 female (cl 11.9 mm) (IOCAS), CN N 90 B- 14, 19 30 ’ N, 111 30 ’ E, 102 m, sand, AT, coll. H. Li, 19 Oct. 1959; 2 females (cl 10.2, 12.2 mm) (IOCAS), CN K 88 - 55, 20 00 ’ N, 113 00 ’ E, 128 m, sand, AT, coll. Y. Wang, 20 Oct. 1959; 1 male (cl 10.8 mm) (IOCAS), CN K 102 B- 60, 19 30 ’ N, 112 00 ’ E, 122 m depth, muddy sand, AT, coll. F. Xu, 28 Oct. 1959; 4 females (cl 7.3 - 10.6 mm), CN K 84 B 2 - 24, 20 00 ’ N, 113 30 ’ E, 180 m, muddy sand, AT, coll. J. Liu, 20 Nov. 1959; 1 ovig. female (cl 11.1 mm) (IOCAS), CN K 123 B- 71, 19 30 ’ N, 112 30 ’ E, 174 m, sandy mud, AT, coll. S. Shen, 8 Feb. 1960; 14 females (cl 9.3 - 15.8 mm, aver. 12.0 mm), 2 ovig. females (cl 13.9, 21.1 mm) (IOCAS), 1 female (ZRC), CN K 122 B- 39, 19 00 ’ N, 112 30 ’ E, 300 m, sand, AT, coll. S. Shen, 8 Feb. 1960; 3 specimens (damaged) (IOCAS), CN N 115 B- 7, 18 30 ’ N, 111 30 ’ E, 220 m, muddy sand, AT, coll. J. Liu, 8 Feb. 1960; 1 female (cl 10 mm) (IOCAS), CN K 148 B- 16 B, 19 30 ’ N, 112 00 ’ E, 124 m depth, sandy mud, AT, coll. Z. Tang, 4 Apr. 1960; 2 ovig. females (cl 13.8, 16.2 mm) (IOCAS), CN K 150 B- 27, 19 00 ’ N, 112 30 ’ E, 290 m, muddy sand, AT, coll. Tang, 6 Apr. 1960; 1 female (cl 10.7 mm) (IOCAS), CN N 172 B- 22, 19 00 ’ N, 111 30 ’ E, 162 m, sandy mud, AT, coll. Wang, 7 Apr. 1960; 1 female (cl 9.3 mm) (IOCAS), CN S 219 B- 2 B, 21 30 ’ N, 115 30 ’ E, 115 m, muddy sand, AT, coll. J. Qu, 13 Apr. 1960.	en	Li, Xinzheng, Komai, Tomoyuki (2003): Pandaloid Shrimps From The Northern South China Sea, With Description Of A New Species Of Plesionika (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51 (2): 257-275, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13229438
AA7E8793FFA8F6416F80F417FBE4FC0A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. – South and East China seas, Africa, Andaman Sea, Indonesia, Philippines, Korea Strait, eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean; at depths of 3 - 597 m.	en	Li, Xinzheng, Komai, Tomoyuki (2003): Pandaloid Shrimps From The Northern South China Sea, With Description Of A New Species Of Plesionika (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51 (2): 257-275, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13229438
AA7E8793FFA8F6416F80F417FBE4FC0A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. – Crosnier & Forest (1973) discussed the uncertain composition of Chlorotocus. They recognized C. crassicornis and C. novaezealandiae (Borradaile, 1916) are valid. They believed that the Japanese specimen doubtfully assigned to Chlorotorus [sic] incertus by Balss (1914) probably represents a distinct, otherwise undescribed species. Our specimens are identified as C. crassicornis following Chace (1985). Crosnier & Forest (1973) determined by direct comparison that a proportionally shorter rostrum distinguishes C. novaezealandiae from C. crassicornis. However, we have found that the proportional length of the rostrum is considerably variable in our specimens without correlation with size or sex, and that it is not reliable in distinguishing the two taxa. A thorough revision is needed to clarify the identities of these two taxa.	en	Li, Xinzheng, Komai, Tomoyuki (2003): Pandaloid Shrimps From The Northern South China Sea, With Description Of A New Species Of Plesionika (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51 (2): 257-275, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13229438
AA7E8793FFA8F6416C11F266FC23F98A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. – Liu & Zhong (1994) listed the following eight species of Heterocarpus from Chinese waters: H. alphonsi Bate, 1888; H. dorsalis Bate, 1888; H. gibbosus Bate, 1888; H. laevigatus Bate, 1888 (as lavigatus [sic]); H. parvispina De Man, 1917; H. sibogae De Man, 1917; H. tricarinatus Alcock & Anderson, 1894; and H. woodmasoni Alcock, 1901. Crosnier (1988) concluded that H. alphonsi was a junior subjective synonym of H. dorsalis. Crosnier (1988) also showed that two species were confounded under the name H. sibogae, H. sibogae s. s. and H. hayashii Crosnier, 1988. The two species often occur in the same catch of deepwater trawl (Hayashi, 1986; Chan & Yu, 1987; personal observation). Therefore, it is possible that the Chinese records of H. sibogae contain the two species. During this study, H. hayashii has been identified from the present collection.	en	Li, Xinzheng, Komai, Tomoyuki (2003): Pandaloid Shrimps From The Northern South China Sea, With Description Of A New Species Of Plesionika (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51 (2): 257-275, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13229438
AA7E8793FFA8F6406CC7F0E7FE09FCDA.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. – 4 females (cl 13.3 - 20.1 mm), 1 ovig. female (cl 28.2 mm) (IOCAS), CN 33 - 45, 19 00 ’ N, 113 00 ’ E, 465 m, sand, AT, coll. H. Li, 17 Feb. 1959; 1 male (cl 16.7 mm) (IOCAS), CN K 150 B- 24, 19 00 ’ N, 112 30 ’ E, 290 m, muddy sand, AT, coll. Z. Tang, 6 Apr. 1960.	en	Li, Xinzheng, Komai, Tomoyuki (2003): Pandaloid Shrimps From The Northern South China Sea, With Description Of A New Species Of Plesionika (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51 (2): 257-275, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13229438
AA7E8793FFA8F6406CC7F0E7FE09FCDA.taxon	distribution	Distribution. – Japan, East and South China seas, Philippines, New Caledonia, Samoa, Australia; at depths of 200 - 700 m.	en	Li, Xinzheng, Komai, Tomoyuki (2003): Pandaloid Shrimps From The Northern South China Sea, With Description Of A New Species Of Plesionika (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51 (2): 257-275, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13229438
AA7E8793FFA8F6406CC7F0E7FE09FCDA.taxon	discussion	Remarks. – Heterocarpus hayashii and H. sibogae are very similar morphologically. When fresh, the two species are readily separated by coloration (Crosnier, 1988): H. hayashii does not have a red patch on the lateral surface of the third abdominal somite, which is present in H. sibogae. However, morphological differences between the two are rather subtle. Hanamura & Evans (1996) argued that distinguishing features cited by Crosnier (1988) were not always reliable. They showed that only the relative length of the unarmed part of the dorsal margin of the carapace is reliable for discrimination of the two species: the unarmed part occupies 51.9 - 58.9 % of the total length of the carapace in H. hayashii, and 43.5 - 49.0 % in H. sibogae. No information on the coloration in life was available for our specimens, and therefore we identify them with H. hayashii following Hanamura & Evans (1996).	en	Li, Xinzheng, Komai, Tomoyuki (2003): Pandaloid Shrimps From The Northern South China Sea, With Description Of A New Species Of Plesionika (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51 (2): 257-275, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13229438
AA7E8793FFA9F6406E61F5D6FA3AFBA5.taxon	discussion	Remarks. – The taxonomy of Plesionika needs more extensive study in spite of recent revisionary studies (Chace, 1985; Crosnier, 1986; Chan & Crosnier, 1991, 1997; Chan & Yu, 1991, 2000; Chan, in press). We follow Chace (1985) in treating the genus Parapandalus Borradaile, 1899 as a synonym of Plesionika. Liu & Zhong (1994) listed the following 15 species from Chinese waters: Plesionika alcocki (Anderson, 1896); P. binoculus (Bate, 1888); P. bifurca Alcock & Anderson, 1894; P. crosnieri Chan & Yu, 1991; P. dentirostris Tung, Wang & Li, 1988; P. edwardsii (Brandt, 1851); P. ensis (A. Milne Edwards, 1881); P. indica De Man, 1917; P. izumiae Omori, 1971; P. martia (A. Milne Edwards, 1883); P. ortmanni Doflein, 1902; P. semilaevis Bate, 1888; P. sindoi (Rathbun, 1906); P. unidens Bate, 1888; and P. yui Chan & Crosnier, 1991. The present study confirms the occurrence of the 12 previously known species in the northern part of the South China Sea: P. bifurca, P. grandis, P. indica, P. izumiae, P. kensleyi, P. narval, P. phlippinensis, P. puimila, P. ortmanni, P. semilaevis, P. sindoi, and P. spinensis. Chace (1985) revealed that all of the material assigned to P. binoculus since the original description by Bate (1888) (De Man, 1920; Boone, 1935; Hayashi & Koike, 1976) belonged to a distinct species, P. lophotes Chace, 1985. The true P. binoculus is so far represented with certainty only by the syntypes from the Arafura Sea. Although it is difficult to satisfactorily determine the specific identity of P. binoculus from Chinese waters without reexamination of the types, it is probable that the Chinese material represents this or other closely allied species (cf. Chan, in press). Tung et al. (1988) described a new species Plesionika dentirostris from the East China Sea. Subsequently Chan & Yu (1991) described a new species P. crosnieri from Taiwan. Chan & Yu (1991) compared the new species with P. edwardsii, but omitted to mention P. dentirostris despite the close similarity. Future study may eventually reveal that P. crosnieri and P. dentirostris are conspecific. The problem, however, is far more complicate since P. costelloi (Yaldwyn, 1971) and P. chwitchii Burukovsky, 1978 also seem closely related to both P. crosnieri and P. dentirostris. There are still many uncertainties concerning the relationship between P. ensis and P. reflexa Chace, 1985 (cf. Chan & Crosnier, 1997). Chace (1985) referred the material from the Philippines and Indonesia to P. reflexa and Hayashi (1986) reported this species from Japan. While the distribution of P. ensis in the northwestern Pacific remains not fully established. Therefore, the Chinese records of P. ensis may actually represent P. reflexa. The Plesionika martia species group (cf. Chan & Crosnier, 1997) is generally considered to be a difficult species complex (e. g. Crosnier & Forest, 1973; Chace, 1985; Hanamura & Takeda, 1987; Kensley et al., 1987; Chan & Crosnier, 1997). It is possible that the Chinese records of P. martia contain more than two species. Liu & Zhong (1994) listed Parapandalus zurstrasseni Balss, 1914 from the South China Sea. The name is generally considered to be a junior synonym of Stylopandalus richardi (Coutiere, 1905) (cf. Crosnier & Forest, 1973; Chace, 1985).	en	Li, Xinzheng, Komai, Tomoyuki (2003): Pandaloid Shrimps From The Northern South China Sea, With Description Of A New Species Of Plesionika (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51 (2): 257-275, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13229438
AA7E8793FFA9F6406C07F2C6FB6FF916.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. – 3 females (cl 9.2 - 10.2 mm) (IOCAS), 1 female (ZRC), CN 33 - 48, 19 00 ’ N, 113 00 ’ E, 465 m, sand, AT, coll. H. Li, 17 Feb. 1959; 1 female (cl 7.5 mm) (IOCAS), CN N 115 B-X, 18 30 ’ N, 111 30 ’ E, 220 m, muddy sand, AT, coll. J. Liu, 8 Feb. 1960; 2 ovig. females (cl 9.0, 9.3 mm) (IOCAS), CN K 122 B- 50, 19 00 ’ N, 112 30 ’ E, 300 m, sand, AT, coll. S. Shen, 8 Feb. 1960; 1 male (cl 7.8 mm) (IOCAS), CN K 150 B- 37, 19 00 ’ N, 112 30 ’ E, 290 m, muddy sand, AT, coll. Z. Tang, 6 Apr. 1960.	en	Li, Xinzheng, Komai, Tomoyuki (2003): Pandaloid Shrimps From The Northern South China Sea, With Description Of A New Species Of Plesionika (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51 (2): 257-275, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13229438
AA7E8793FFA9F6406C07F2C6FB6FF916.taxon	distribution	Distribution. – Eastern Africa, Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, Andaman Sea, Indonesia, Philippines, South and East China seas, and Japan; at depths of 220 - 1412 m.	en	Li, Xinzheng, Komai, Tomoyuki (2003): Pandaloid Shrimps From The Northern South China Sea, With Description Of A New Species Of Plesionika (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51 (2): 257-275, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13229438
AA7E8793FFA9F6476CDFF16BFD90FBA7.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. – 6 females (cl 9.2 - 14.1 mm), 2 damaged females (IOCAS), CN K 33 B- 51 B, 19 30 ’ N, 113 00 ’ E, 180 m, muddy sand, AT, coll. F. Sun, 21 Apr. 1959; 24 males (cl 9.5 - 18 mm), 28 females (cl 9.2 - 14.5 mm), 1 ovig. female (cl 18.1 mm) (IOCAS), 1 male, 1 female (ZRC), CN K 46 B 2 - 19, 20 00 ’ N, 113 30 ’ E, 140 m, sand, AT, coll. F. Sun, 25 Apr. 1959; 4 males (cl 9.4 - 16.0 mm), 2 females (cl 9.1, 11.3 mm), 2 juveniles (cl mm), 1 damaged specimen (not measured), CN K 84 B 2 - 23, 20 00 ’ N, 113 30 ’ E, 180 m, sand, AT, coll. J. Liu, 20 Nov. 1959; 1 female (cl 17.1 mm) (IOCAS), CN K 122 B- 42, 19 00 ’ N, 112 30 ’ E, 300 m, sand, AT, coll. S. Shen, 8 Feb. 1960; 1 female (cl 6.6 mm) (IOCAS), CN K 142 B- 8, 20 00 ’ N, 113 30 ’ E, 141 m, sand and shells, AT, coll. S. Shen, 17 Feb. 1960; 1 female (cl 8.9 mm) (IOCAS), CN K 150 B- 28 B, 19 00 ’ N, 112 30 ’ E, 290 m, muddy sand, AT, coll. Z. Tang, 6 Apr. 1960.	en	Li, Xinzheng, Komai, Tomoyuki (2003): Pandaloid Shrimps From The Northern South China Sea, With Description Of A New Species Of Plesionika (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51 (2): 257-275, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13229438
AA7E8793FFA9F6476CDFF16BFD90FBA7.taxon	distribution	Distribution. – Widely distributed in the Indo-West Pacific, but known with certainty from Japan, East and South China seas, Philippines, Indonesia, northwestern Australia, Zanzibar area of eastern Africa and Madagascar, at depths of 110 - 375 m.	en	Li, Xinzheng, Komai, Tomoyuki (2003): Pandaloid Shrimps From The Northern South China Sea, With Description Of A New Species Of Plesionika (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51 (2): 257-275, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13229438
AA7E8793FFA9F6476CDFF16BFD90FBA7.taxon	discussion	Remarks. – The taxonomic status of Plesionika grandis was rather controversial in its relationship to P. spinipes Bate, 1888 (see De Man, 1920; Chace, 1985). Chan & Crosnier (1991) concluded that the two forms are specifically distinct, differing in the rostral armature and the relative length of the dactylus of the third pereopod. Our examination of the present material supports the distinctiveness of the two species.	en	Li, Xinzheng, Komai, Tomoyuki (2003): Pandaloid Shrimps From The Northern South China Sea, With Description Of A New Species Of Plesionika (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51 (2): 257-275, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13229438
AA7E8793FFAEF6476E61F2DBFF59F7A3.taxon	description	31, 32; Liu & Zhong, 1994: 560.	en	Li, Xinzheng, Komai, Tomoyuki (2003): Pandaloid Shrimps From The Northern South China Sea, With Description Of A New Species Of Plesionika (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51 (2): 257-275, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13229438
AA7E8793FFAEF6476E61F2DBFF59F7A3.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. – 1 male (cl 16.2 mm), 3 females (cl 12.4 - 15.1 mm) (IOCAS), CN 7 - 10, 19 º 00 ’ N, 112 º 30 ’ E, 472 m, AT, coll. Z. Tang, 17 Feb. 1959.	en	Li, Xinzheng, Komai, Tomoyuki (2003): Pandaloid Shrimps From The Northern South China Sea, With Description Of A New Species Of Plesionika (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51 (2): 257-275, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13229438
AA7E8793FFAEF6476E61F2DBFF59F7A3.taxon	distribution	Distribution. – Eastern Africa off Zanzibar, Indonesia, South China Sea, Philippines, Japan, at depths of 238 - 472 m.	en	Li, Xinzheng, Komai, Tomoyuki (2003): Pandaloid Shrimps From The Northern South China Sea, With Description Of A New Species Of Plesionika (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51 (2): 257-275, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13229438
AA7E8793FFAEF6476E61F2DBFF59F7A3.taxon	discussion	Remarks. – This is one of the largest species of Plesionika, attaining 38 mm in the postorbital carapace length (Toriyama et al., 1990). The present specimens appear immature with the carapace lengths ranging from 12.4 to 16.2 mm. They are referred to P. indica on account of the following features: rostrum 1.8 times as long as carapace, far overreaching antennal scale, with more than 20 dorsal and more than 17 ventral teeth, 3 or 4 posteriormost dorsal teeth arising from carapace posterior to level of orbital margin; fourth abdominal somite with a small posteroventral tooth on pleuron; third maxilliped with penultimate segment about 1.6 times as long as terminal segment; and the presence of four anterior pairs of pereopods with hooked epipods (De Man, 1920; Chace, 1985).	en	Li, Xinzheng, Komai, Tomoyuki (2003): Pandaloid Shrimps From The Northern South China Sea, With Description Of A New Species Of Plesionika (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51 (2): 257-275, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13229438
AA7E8793FFAEF6466CA0F697FD67FD1A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. – 2 males (cl 7.3, 7.5 mm), 1 female (cl 7.3 mm), 1 ovig. female. (cl 7.3 mm) (IOCAS), CN 17 - 8, Beibu Bay, 17 30 ’ N, 108 30 ’ E, 97 m depth, muddy sand, BT, coll. Z. Fan, 28 Jan. 1959; 1 ovig. female. (cl 6.7 mm) (IOCAS), CN S 40 B- 2, 23 15 ’ N, 117 00 ’ E, 24 m, AT, coll. W. Zhang, 2 Apr. 1959; 2 ovig. females (cl 6.6 - 7.2 mm) (IOCAS), 1 ovig. female (ZRC), CN S 62 B- 28, 22 30 ’ N, 115 00 ’ E, 22 m, AT, coll. S. Wu, 7 Apr. 1959; 1 female (cl 6.3 mm) (IOCAS), CN 144 B- 12, 17 30 ’ N, 109 00 ’ E, 92 m, mud, AT, coll. Z. Fan, 11 Apr. 1959; 2 males (cl 5.9, 6.5 mm), 1 ovig. female (cl 7.5 mm) (IOCAS), CN Q 55 B- 36, 17 30 ’ N, 108 00 ’ E, 85 m, sandy mud, BT, coll. F. Xu, 16 Apr. 1959; 1 female (cl 7.8 mm) (IOCAS), CN SIII 2 B- 25, 22 00 ’ N, 114 00 ’ E, 34 m, mud, AT, coll. Weiquan Zhang, 9 Jul. 1959; 1 female (cl 5.2 mm) (IOCAS), CN N 93 B- 50 B, 19 00 ’ N, 111 00 ’ E, 90 m, muddy sand, AT, coll. Z. Tang ,, 28 Oct. 1959; 1 female (cl 6.3 mm), 1 ovig. female (cl 7.6 mm) (IOCAS), CN Q 78 B- 22, 17 30 ’ N, 109 00 ’ E, 101 m, sandy mud, AT, coll. H. Li, 2 Nov. 1959; 2 males (cl 6.0, 6.1 mm), CN Q 87 B- 11, 17 30 ’ N, 110 00 ’ E, 125 m, muddy sand, AT, coll. Z. Tang, 23 Nov. 1959; 1 male (cl 7.0 mm) (IOCAS), CN X 40 B- 18, Beibu Bay, 18 00 ’ N, 108 00 ’ E, 93 m, muddy sand, AT, coll. X. Ma, 11 Dec. 1959; 1 male (cl 6.3 mm), 3 females (cl 4.3 - 6.1 mm), 1 ovig. female (cl 6.1 mm) (IOCAS), CN S 175 B- 25, 23 30 ’ N, 117 30 ’ E, 34 m, sand, AT, coll. S. Wu, 4 Jan. 1960; 1 male (cl 7.4 mm) (IOCAS), CN N 152 B- 30 A, 17 00 ’ N 109 00 ’ E, 128 m, sandy mud, BT, coll. J. Liu, 11 Mar. 1960; 1 male (cl 4.0 mm), 2 ovig. females (cl 4.3, 5.7 mm) (IOCAS), CN S 227 B- 33, 22 00 ’ N, 116 00 ’ E, 84 m, mud, AT, coll. J. Qu, 22 Apr. 1960; 3 males (cl 5.4 - 6.6 mm), 1 ovig. female (cl 5.1 mm) (IOCAS), 1 male (ZRC), CN S 238 B- 5, 23 30 ’ N, 117 30 ’ E, 39 m, muddy sand, AT, coll. J. Chen and S. Lu, 24 Apr. 1960. Supplemental material. – 10 males (cl 4.7 - 7.5 mm), 2 females (cl 4.8, 5.3 mm), 8 ovig. females (cl 4.8 - 8.4 mm), used by Omori (1971) (CBM-ZC 6588), RV Tansei-maru, stn 392 - 1, Suruga Bay, Japan, 34 54.0 ’ N, 138 27.0 ’ E, 72 m, beam trawl, 13 May. 1969; 3 males (cl 6.0 - 6.8 mm), 7 ovig. females (cl 5.3 - 8.3 mm) (CBM-ZC 3370), RV Toyohata-maru, Tosa Bay, Shikoku, Japan, 33 21.02 ’ N, 133 36.98 ’ E, 90 - 92 m, beam trawl, 3 Oct. 1994; 4 ovig. females (cl 10.9 - 11.6 mm) (CBM-ZC 3776), Tokyo Bay off Yokohama, Japan, 30 m, commercial trawler, 28 Nov. 1996.	en	Li, Xinzheng, Komai, Tomoyuki (2003): Pandaloid Shrimps From The Northern South China Sea, With Description Of A New Species Of Plesionika (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51 (2): 257-275, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13229438
AA7E8793FFAEF6466CA0F697FD67FD1A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. – Japan, northern part of South China Sea, and Philippines, at depths of 22 - 209 m.	en	Li, Xinzheng, Komai, Tomoyuki (2003): Pandaloid Shrimps From The Northern South China Sea, With Description Of A New Species Of Plesionika (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51 (2): 257-275, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13229438
AA7E8793FFAEF6466CA0F697FD67FD1A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. – The specific identity of the specimens from the South China Sea was confirmed by a comparison with 20 topotypic specimens of Plesionika izumiae from Suruga Bay used in Omori (1971) (CBM-ZC 6588). After comparing with six specimens of P. izumiae kindly deposited by the original author in the USNM collection, Chace (1985) provisionally identified six Albatross specimens from the Philippines, including two males and four ovigerous females, with P. izumiae, as the Philippine specimens were apparently different from the original series in being somewhat larger size, in having the rostrum nearly twice as long as the carapace, rather than little more than 1.3 times as long, and in having the dactylus of the three posterior pairs of pereopods slightly shorter in proportion to the other segments (according to Chace’s figure (Fig. 34 c), the dactylus is 0.48 times as long as the propodus). Examination of other Japanese specimens in the collection of CBM has shown that the size of ovigerous specimens is considerably variable from 4.8 mm to 11.6 mm in carapace length. As Omori (1971) noted, the rostrum tends to be proportionally longer in males than in females, though in males it appears become longer with the increase of body size. In the 20 topotypic specimens (CBM-ZC 6588), the rostrum is 0.93 - 1.84 times as long as the carapace in males, and 0.98 - 1.45 times as long in females. The dactylus of the third pereopod is 0.40 - 0.55 times as long as the propodus in 10 specimens with complete pereopods from the topotypic series. Thus, the supposed difference cited by Chace (1985) could all be within the range of variation of a single species.	en	Li, Xinzheng, Komai, Tomoyuki (2003): Pandaloid Shrimps From The Northern South China Sea, With Description Of A New Species Of Plesionika (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51 (2): 257-275, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13229438
AA7E8793FFAFF6466F97F517FAC2FE5A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. – 1 male (cl 4.9 mm) (IOCAS), CN 11 - 9, 18 15 ’ N, 111 00 ’ E, 170 m, mud, BT, coll. Y. Wang, 27 Jan. 1959; 1 ovig. female (cl 7.4 mm) (IOCAS), CN 17 - 59, 17 30 ’ N, 109 30 ’ E, 110 m, sandy mud, AT, coll. J. Liu, 29 Jan. 1959; 2 females (cl 5.6, 6.0 mm) (IOCAS), CN 6 - 18, 19 30 ’ N, 112 30 ’ E, 219 m, muddy sand, AT, coll. Z. Tang, 17 Feb. 1959; 2 males (cl 5.8, 7.3 mm) (IOCAS), CN K 33 B- 54, 19 30 ’ N, 113 00 ’ E, 180 m depth, muddy sand, AT, coll. F. Sun, 21 Apr. 1959; 2 ovig. females (cl 6.1, 7.7 mm) (IOCAS), CN R 30 B- 8, 18 00 ’ N, 110 30 ’ E, 145 m, muddy sand, AT, coll. F. Xu, 11 Jul. 1959; 3 ovig. females (cl 6.9 - 8.9 mm) (IOCAS), CN R 39 A- 8, 17 00 ’ N, 109 30 ’ E, 157 m, sandy mud, AT, coll. Z. Fan, 15 Jul. 1959; 1 ovig. female (cl 7.7 mm) (IOCAS), CN R 40 B- 32, 17 00 ’ N, 109 00 ’ E, 110 m, muddy sand, AT, coll. F. Xu, 15 Jul. 1959; 1 ovig. female (cl 6.5 mm) (IOCAS), CN Q 96 B- 18, 18 00 ’ N, 110 30 ’ E, 177 m, mud, AT, coll. Z. Tang, 25 Nov. 1959; 1 male (cl 7.2 mm), 1 female (cl 6.0 mm), 1 ovig. female (cl 7.8 mm) (IOCAS), CN N 115 B- 6, 18 30 ’ N, 111 30 ’ E, 220 m, muddy sand, AT, coll. J. Liu, 8 Feb. 1960; 1 ovig. female (cl 7.2 mm) (IOCAS), CN N 141 B- 24, 18 00 ’ N, 110 30 ’ E, 145 m, muddy sand, AT, coll. S. Shen, 9 Mar. 1960; 1 male (cl 6.2 mm), 2 ovig. females (cl 6.5 - 7.2 mm) (IOCAS), 1 ovig. female (ZRC), CN N 151 B- 32, 17 00 ’ N, 109 30 ’ E, 164 m, mud, BT, coll. J. Liu, 11 Mar. 1960; 1 male (cl 5.8 mm) (IOCAS), CN N 206 B- 70, 17 30 ’ N, 109 30 ’ E, 115 m, sandy mud, AT, coll. S. Shen, 14 May. 1960. Supplemental material. – 1 male (cl 8.6 mm), 1 ovig. female (cl 8.2 mm) (paratypes; CBM-ZC, removed from USNM 221396), “ Albatross ”: stn 5517, west of Mindanao Sea, Philippines, 08 45.30 ’ N, 123 33.45 ’ E, 309 m, 9 Aug. 1909.	en	Li, Xinzheng, Komai, Tomoyuki (2003): Pandaloid Shrimps From The Northern South China Sea, With Description Of A New Species Of Plesionika (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51 (2): 257-275, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13229438
AA7E8793FFAFF6466F97F517FAC2FE5A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. – Previously known only from the Philippines and off Durban, South Africa, and now newly recorded from the northern part of the South China Sea; at depths of 110 - 333 m.	en	Li, Xinzheng, Komai, Tomoyuki (2003): Pandaloid Shrimps From The Northern South China Sea, With Description Of A New Species Of Plesionika (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51 (2): 257-275, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13229438
AA7E8793FFAFF6466F97F517FAC2FE5A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. – The present material agrees well with the original description of Plesionika kensleyi by Chace (1985). Further comparison with the two paratypes (USNM 221396) confirmed the identity of our specimens with P. kensleyi. Among the Indo-West Pacific species of Plesionika, P. kensleyi is readily recognized by the short rostrum, which far falls short of the distal end of the antennal scale. In this respect, this species is similar to P. acanthonotus (Smith, 1882) from the western Atlantic and P. holthuisi Crosnier & Forest, 1968, from the eastern Atlantic. Differences amongst the three species were discussed by Chace (1985).	en	Li, Xinzheng, Komai, Tomoyuki (2003): Pandaloid Shrimps From The Northern South China Sea, With Description Of A New Species Of Plesionika (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51 (2): 257-275, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13229438
AA7E8793FFAFF64B6CF5F457FF4CFC7A.taxon	description	(Figs. 2 - 5)	en	Li, Xinzheng, Komai, Tomoyuki (2003): Pandaloid Shrimps From The Northern South China Sea, With Description Of A New Species Of Plesionika (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51 (2): 257-275, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13229438
AA7E8793FFAFF64B6CF5F457FF4CFC7A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. – Holotype – male (cl 4.6 mm) (IOCAS), CN R 38 B- 26, 17 30 ’ N, 109 30 ’ E, 106 m, sand, AT, coll. F Xu, 14 Jul. 1959 Paratypes – 2 ovig. females (cl 3.8, 4.2 mm) (IOCAS), 1 ovig. female (cl 4.4 mm) (CBM), CN 2 - 11, Beibu Bay, 18 45 ’ N, 108 45 ’ E, 54.5 m, mud, BT, coll. Z. Fan, 25 Jan. 1959; 1 ovig. female (cl 4.8 mm) (IOCAS), CN L 56 B- 84, 20 30 ’ N, 112 00 ’ E, 72 m, muddy sand, AT, coll. X. Ma, 20 Apr. 1959; 1 ovig. female (cl 3.5 mm) (IOCAS), CN N 96 B- 103, 19 30 ’ N, 111 15 ’ E, 89 m, sand, AT, coll. Z. Tang, 29 Oct. 1959; 1 male (cl 4.3 mm) (CBM), 1 ovig. female (cl 4.6 mm) (IOCAS), CN N 206 B- 71, 17 30 ’ N, 109 30 ’ E, 115 m, sandy mud, AT, coll. S. Shen, 14 May. 1960.	en	Li, Xinzheng, Komai, Tomoyuki (2003): Pandaloid Shrimps From The Northern South China Sea, With Description Of A New Species Of Plesionika (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51 (2): 257-275, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13229438
AA7E8793FFAFF64B6CF5F457FF4CFC7A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. – Rostrum far overreaching antennal scale, 1.10 - 1.26 times as long as carapace, armed dorsally with 5 moderately large teeth in posterior 0.50 - 0.60, including 1 arising from anterior 0.10 - 0.18 of carapace length, each with obscurely barbed tip, and with 2 tiny subapical teeth, ventral margin with 10 - 13 teeth; third abdominal somite not compressed dorsally, unarmed on posterodorsal margin; fourth and fifth abdominal somites each with posteroventral tooth on pleuron; telson slightly shorter than sixth abdominal somite, bearing 4 pairs of dorsolateral spines, including 1 pair adjacent to lateral pair of posterior spine; third maxilliped with ultimate segment about 1.4 times as long as penultimate segment; anterior 3 pairs of pereopods with well developed, strap-like epipods each bearing terminal hook; second pereopods greatly unequal, left with 25 - 30 carpal articles, right with 8 carpal articles; third pereopod with dactylus 0.48 - 0.60 times as long as propodus.	en	Li, Xinzheng, Komai, Tomoyuki (2003): Pandaloid Shrimps From The Northern South China Sea, With Description Of A New Species Of Plesionika (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51 (2): 257-275, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13229438
AA7E8793FFAFF64B6CF5F457FF4CFC7A.taxon	description	Description of holotype (male). – Rostrum slender, curving somewhat dorsally, far overreaching antennal scale, 1.26 times as long as carapace; dorsal margin armed with 5 moderately large, widely spaced teeth in posterior 0.55, including 1 arising from level of 0.10 of carapace length, last 3 barbed and with distinct basal suture, and 2 tiny teeth near apex of rostrum, leaving subdistal 0.45 unarmed; ventral margin armed over most length with 13 small but distinct, discretely spaced teeth. Carapace with orbit regularly concave in dorsal portion and very faintly convex in ventral portion above antennal spine; antennal spine larger than pterygostomian spine; median postrostral ridge faintly concave, somewhat compressed, but not sharp, very short, not extending posteriorly to midlength of carapace. Abdomen with third somite unarmed on posterodorsal margin, posterior part of tergum not compressed into median subcarinate ridge. Pleura of anterior three somites broadly rounded, those of fourth and fifth somites terminating posteroventrally in small, sharp tooth, ventral margins slightly sinuous. Sixth somite about twice as long as fifth somite and 2.40 times as long as maximum height; posterolateral process terminating sharply; posteroventral angle with small spine. Telson slightly shorter than sixth somite, with 4 pairs of dorsolateral spines, including 1 pair adjacent to lateral pair of posterior spine, anteriormost pair arising somewhat anterior to level of midlength; posterior margin with 2 pairs of spines, lateral pair longer than mesial pair. Eye somewhat compressed in lateral view, pyriform in dorsal view, maximum diameter 0.27 times of carapace length; ocellus large, lingulate, circular, in broad contact with remainder of cornea. Antennular peduncle with small but distinct tooth on ventromesial margin of basal segment; stylocerite rounded distally, reaching about level of midlength of basal peduncular segment; ultimate segment somewhat longer than penultimate segment; outer flagellum with aesthetasc-bearing portion slightly shorter than carapace. Antennal scale 0.82 times as long as carapace, 4.57 times as long as broad, lateral margin nearly straight, distolateral tooth distinctly overreaching truncate distal margin of blade. Basicerite with small ventrolateral distal tooth. Carpocerite not reaching to midlength of antennal scale. Mouthparts typical of genus. Mandible with 3 small distal teeth on incisor process; palp 3 - segmented. Maxillule with palp bilobed terminally. Maxilla with proximal endite bilobed, distal lobe very small; distal endite deeply bilobed; palp consisting of single lobe, rather abruptly tapering distally, reaching anterior margin of distal endite; scaphognathite with rounded posterior lobe fringed posteriorly with short setae. First maxilliped with 2 - segmented endopod distinctly overreaching anterior margin of distal endite; caridean lobe moderately broad; epipod large, distinctly bilobed. Second maxilliped with 6 - segmented endopod; dactylus narrow; exopod long, slender. Third maxilliped slender, reaching beyond distal margin of antennal scale; ultimate segment 1.40 times as long as penultimate segment; exopod overreaching midlength of ultimate segment; epipod with terminal hook. Pereopods with well developed, terminally hooked epipods on anterior 3 pairs. First pereopod minutely chelate, long, slender, overreaching distal margin of antennal scale by full length of propodus; propodus 0.57 times as long as carpus; carpus elongate, 0.85 times as long as merus; ischium with ventrodistal portion produced, terminating acutely; ventral surface with few spinules. Second pereopod represented only by left overreaching antennal scale by length of chela and 0.30 of carpus; chela slightly longer than distalmost article of carpus; carpus composed of 30 articles; merus almost as long as ischium. Third pereopod overreaching antennal scale by length of dactylus, propodus and half of carpus; dactylus elongate, 0.57 times as long as propodus, slightly curved, terminating in simple, acuminate unguis, no accessory spinules on flexor margin; propodus with few setae; carpus 0.72 times as long as propodus, unarmed; merus 1.18 times as long as carapace, with 8 spines along the flexor margin, the apical one near to the apex of merus and located on the outside of the flexor margin; ischium with 2 ventral spine. Fourth pereopod similar to third, overreaching antennal scale by length of dactylus and propodus. Fifth pereopod overreaching antennal scale by length of dactylus and half of propodus; dactylus 0.48 times as long as propodus; carpus 0.70 times as long as propodus, unarmed; merus as long as carapace, with 7 spines along the flexor margin, the apical one near to the apex of merus and located on the outside of the flexor margin; ischium without ventral spine. Endopod of male first pleopod with mesial margin slightly sinuous, notch separating appendix interna and distal lobe of endopod distinct. Appendix masculina on second pleopod reaching distal end of appendix interna, armed with about 11 long spines. Exopod of third pleopod 0.32 times as long as carapace. Endopod of uropod overreaching posterior end of telson; exopod longer and bearing movable spine mesial to distolateral tooth. Description of paratypes. – Paratypes generally similar to holotype. Ventral margin of rostrum with 10 - 12 teeth. Right (shorter) second pereopod with 8 - 9 carpal articles; left (longer) second pereopod with 25 - 29 carpal articles; the dactylus of third pereopod is 0.48 - 0.60 times as long as propodus; eggs small, diameter along longer axis 0.4 mm.	en	Li, Xinzheng, Komai, Tomoyuki (2003): Pandaloid Shrimps From The Northern South China Sea, With Description Of A New Species Of Plesionika (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51 (2): 257-275, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13229438
AA7E8793FFAFF64B6CF5F457FF4CFC7A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. – Known only from the northern part of the South China Sea, at depths of 55 - 115 m. The type locality is in Beibu Bay at a depth of 106 m.	en	Li, Xinzheng, Komai, Tomoyuki (2003): Pandaloid Shrimps From The Northern South China Sea, With Description Of A New Species Of Plesionika (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51 (2): 257-275, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13229438
AA7E8793FFAFF64B6CF5F457FF4CFC7A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. – The species is named after its elongate dactyli of third to fifth pereopods. The name is used as a noun in apposition.	en	Li, Xinzheng, Komai, Tomoyuki (2003): Pandaloid Shrimps From The Northern South China Sea, With Description Of A New Species Of Plesionika (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51 (2): 257-275, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13229438
AA7E8793FFAFF64B6CF5F457FF4CFC7A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. – This new species appears close to P. exigua (Rathbun, 1906) from Hawaii, P. mexicana Chace, 1937, from the eastern Pacific and P. pumila Chace, 1985, from the Philippines, all of which have the teeth on the postrostral crest bluntly barbed. Comparisons with the published descriptions of these three species (Rathbun, 1906; Chace, 1937, 1985) have shown that the new species is immediately distinguished from these three taxa by the blunt, rather than acute, antennular stylocerite, elongate dactyli of the third to fifth pereopods (0.48 - 0.60 times as long as propodus versus less than 0.40 times as long) and the presence of epipods on the first to third pereopods. In P. exigua, the first and second pereopods bear epipods, while in P. mexicana and P. pumila, the anterior four pereopods have epipods. Further, the presence of only one postrostral tooth and the absence of prominent accessory spinules on pereopod dactyli distinguish the new species from P. exigua. From P. mexicana, the new species is separated by the fewer dorsal rostral teeth and distinctly shorter stylocerite, which falls short of the distal end of the basal antennular segment, rather than slightly overreaching that. Finally, the unarmed carpi of the third and fourth pereopods distinguish the new species from P. pumila.	en	Li, Xinzheng, Komai, Tomoyuki (2003): Pandaloid Shrimps From The Northern South China Sea, With Description Of A New Species Of Plesionika (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51 (2): 257-275, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13229438
AA7E8793FFA2F6496CD6F697FEC9FEBA.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. – 1 male (cl 10.1 mm), 1 female (cl 6.7 mm) (IOCAS), CN 17 - 26, 17 30 ’ N, 109 30 ’ E, 110 m, sandy mud, AT, coll. J. Liu, 29 Jan. 1959; 1 male (cl 9.9 mm) (IOCAS), CN 31 - 29, 20 00 ’ N, 113 00 ’ E, 114 m depth, muddy sand, AT, coll. S. Wang, 17 Feb. 1959; 1 female (cl 11.8 mm), CN 23 - 8, 17 00 ’ N, 109 30 ’ E, 153 m, mud, AT, coll. F. Xu, 18 Feb. 1959; 1 female (cl 6.5 mm) (IOCAS), CN 9 - 45, 19 00 ’ N, 112 00 ’ E, 202 m, muddy sand, AT, coll. Z. Tang, 19 Feb. 1959; 1 female (cl 7.9 mm) (IOCAS), CN Q 34 B- 3, 17 30 ’ N, 110 00 ’ E, 140 m, sandy mud, BT, coll. Z. Fan, 7 Apr. 1959; 8 females (cl 6.9 - 11.4 mm, aver. 10.0 mm), 2 ovig. females (cl 14.4, 14.5 mm) (IOCAS), CN Q 40 B- 10, 17 45 ’ N, 109 30 ’ E, 84 m, BT, coll. Z. Fan, 9 Apr. 1959; 14 males (cl 8.7 - 11.0 mm), 12 females (cl 7.3 - 11.5 mm) (IOCAS), 1 male, 1 female (ZRC), CN K 34 B- 65, 20 00 ’ N, 113 00 ’ E, 104 m, sand, AT, coll. F. Sun, 21 Apr. 1959; 1 male (cl 6.7 mm) (IOCAS), CN K 46 B- 19 B, 20 00 ’ N, 113 30 ’ E, 140 m, sand, AT, coll. F. Sun, 25 Apr. 1959; 1 female (cl 17.1 mm) (IOCAS), CN SIII 20 B- 18, 21 45 ’ N, 115 30 ’ E, 105 m, sandy mud, AT, coll. W. Zhang, 14 Jul. 1959; 2 males (cl 8.7 mm) (IOCAS), CN SIII 28 B- 37, 21 45 ’ N, 116 00 ’ E, 103 m, sand, AT, coll. W. Zhang, 19 Jul. 1959; 2 females (cl 6.3, 6.4 mm) (IOCAS), CN N 151 B- 25, 17 00 ’ N, 109 30 ’ E, 164 m, mud, BT, coll. J. Liu, 11 Mar. 1960; 3 females (cl 6.9 - 8.7 mm) (IOCAS), CN N 152 B- 30, 17 00 ’ N, 109 00 ’ E, 128 m, sandy mud, BT, coll. J. Liu, 11 Mar. 1960; 1 female (cl 6.0 mm) (IOCAS), CN K 164 B- 6, 20 00 ’ N, 113 30 ’ E, 129 m, muddy sand, AT, coll. Z. Tang, 9 Apr. 1960; 1 female (cl 11.3 mm) (IOCAS), CN N 206 B- 66, 17 30 ’ N, 109 30 ’ E, 115 m, sandy mud, AT, coll. S. Shen, 14 May. 1960.	en	Li, Xinzheng, Komai, Tomoyuki (2003): Pandaloid Shrimps From The Northern South China Sea, With Description Of A New Species Of Plesionika (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51 (2): 257-275, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13229438
AA7E8793FFA2F6496CD6F697FEC9FEBA.taxon	distribution	Distribution. – Mediterranean, eastern Atlantic from Gibraltar to Cape Verde Islands, South Atlantic, Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific from Madagascar to French Polynesia and northward to Japan, at depths of 35 - 400 m.	en	Li, Xinzheng, Komai, Tomoyuki (2003): Pandaloid Shrimps From The Northern South China Sea, With Description Of A New Species Of Plesionika (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51 (2): 257-275, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13229438
AA7E8793FFA2F6496CD6F697FEC9FEBA.taxon	discussion	Remarks. – It is difficult to distinguish this species from the allied P. serratifrons (Borradaile, 1899). Chan & Crosnier (1991) used the number of dorsal rostral teeth corresponding to the posteriormost 10 ventral rostrum teeth in distinguishing the two species. In our specimens, the posterior 10 ventral rostral teeth correspond to fewer than 13 dorsal teeth. Thus we refer our specimens to P. narval. Other than the differences in the rostrum armature, Chan & Crosnier (1991) stated that the number of the carpal articles of the second pereopods, shape of the antennular stylocerite, and the presence or absence of a notch at the basal part of the rostrum are useful to differentiate P. narval and P. serratifrons. However, it has been found that these characters are subtle and difficult to use.	en	Li, Xinzheng, Komai, Tomoyuki (2003): Pandaloid Shrimps From The Northern South China Sea, With Description Of A New Species Of Plesionika (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51 (2): 257-275, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13229438
AA7E8793FFA0F6496E69F7F7FEF0FA73.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. – 1 female (cl 7.1 mm) (IOCAS), CN 36 - 27, 20 30 ’ N, 113 30 ’ E, 87 m, muddy sand, AT, coll. H. Li, 20 Feb. 1959; 1 ovig. female (cl 5.5 mm) (IOCAS), CN S 61 B- 6, 22 30 ’ N, 115 30 ’ E, 29 m, AT, coll. W. Zhang, 6 Apr. 1959; 1 male (cl 9.4 mm) (IOCAS), CN L 56 B- 31, 20 30 ’ N, 112 00 ’ E, 72 m, muddy sand, AT, coll. X. Ma ,, 20 Apr. 1959; 1 female (cl 7.4 mm) (IOCAS), CN R 28 B- 34, 18 º 30 ’ N, 110 30 ’ E, 103 m, sand, AT, coll. F. Xu, 10 Jul. 1959; 1 male (cl 10.4 mm), 1 female (cl 11.1 mm) (IOCAS), CN N 66 B- 14, 19 30 ’ N, 111 15 ’ E, 90 m, sandy mud, BT, coll. Z. Tang, 13 Jul. 1959; 1 female (cl 11.4 mm) (IOCAS), CN SIII 28 B- 8, 19 30 ’ N, 111 15 ’ E, 103 m, sand, AT, coll. W. Zhang, 19 Jul. 1959; 1 female (cl 9.0 mm) (IOCAS), CN N 90 B- 13 B, 19 30 ’ N, 111 30 ’ E, 102 m, sand, AT, coll. H. Li, 19 Oct. 1959; 6 males (cl 10.1 - 12.2 mm), 2 ovig. females (cl 11.6 - 12.6 mm) (IOCAS), 1 male, 1 ovig. female (ZRC), CN K 98 B- 43, 20 00 ’ N, 112 30 ’ E, 104 m, sand, AT, coll. F. Xu, 22 Oct. 1959; 2 specimens (damaged, sex could not be determined; cl 6.2, 7.0 mm) (IOCAS), CN N 93 B- 57, 19 00 ’ N, 111 00 ’ E, 90 m, muddy sand, AT, coll. Z. Tang, 28 Oct. 1959; 1 male (cl 9.2 mm) (IOCAS), CN Q 77 B- 20, 17 00 ’ N, 109 00 ’ E, 113 m, muddy sand, AT, coll. Z. Tang, 20 Nov. 1959; 1 male (cl 8.2 mm), 1 female (cl 10.3 mm) (IOCAS), CN K 120 B- 29, 19 30 ’ N, 112 00 ’ E, 120 m, sand and shells, AT, coll. J. Qu, 6 Feb. 1960; 2 females (cl 7.3, 7.7 mm) (IOCAS), CN K 123 B- 70, 19 30 ’ N, 112 30 ’ E, 174 m, sandy mud, AT, S. Shen, 8 Feb. 1960.	en	Li, Xinzheng, Komai, Tomoyuki (2003): Pandaloid Shrimps From The Northern South China Sea, With Description Of A New Species Of Plesionika (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51 (2): 257-275, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13229438
AA7E8793FFA0F6496E69F7F7FEF0FA73.taxon	distribution	Distribution. – Western Pacific from Japan to Indonesia, at depths of 29 - 400 m.	en	Li, Xinzheng, Komai, Tomoyuki (2003): Pandaloid Shrimps From The Northern South China Sea, With Description Of A New Species Of Plesionika (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51 (2): 257-275, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13229438
AA7E8793FFA0F6496F9DF38CFAB3FBDA.taxon	description	(Fig. 6)	en	Li, Xinzheng, Komai, Tomoyuki (2003): Pandaloid Shrimps From The Northern South China Sea, With Description Of A New Species Of Plesionika (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51 (2): 257-275, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13229438
AA7E8793FFA0F6496F9DF38CFAB3FBDA.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. – 1 female (cl 10.5 mm) (IOCAS) (its rostrum was broken and the apical portion lost maybe when it was collected), CN 6 - 2, 18 30 ’ N, 110 30 ’ E, 112 m, sandy mud, AT, coll. J. Liu, 27 Jan. 1959; 7 females (cl 4.9 - 7.4 mm) (IOCAS), CN SIII 28 B- 18, 21 45 ’ N, 116 00 ’ E, 103 m depth, sand, AT, coll. W. Zhang, 19 Jul. 1959.	en	Li, Xinzheng, Komai, Tomoyuki (2003): Pandaloid Shrimps From The Northern South China Sea, With Description Of A New Species Of Plesionika (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51 (2): 257-275, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13229438
AA7E8793FFA0F6496F9DF38CFAB3FBDA.taxon	distribution	Distribution. – Previously known only from the northern Surigao Strait, Philippines, at depths of 123 - 135 m. The present material extends its geographical range to the northern part of the South China Sea at depths of 103 - 112 m.	en	Li, Xinzheng, Komai, Tomoyuki (2003): Pandaloid Shrimps From The Northern South China Sea, With Description Of A New Species Of Plesionika (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51 (2): 257-275, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13229438
AA7E8793FFA0F6496F9DF38CFAB3FBDA.taxon	discussion	Remarks. – Plesionika philippinensis has been represented only by the type material from the northern Surigao Strait in the Philippines. The present specimens from the South China Sea agree well with the original description of the species by Chace (1985) in the following particulars: rostrum distinctly overreaching antennal scale, armed dorsally throughout length with 11 - 13 teeth, including 4 to 5 on carapace posterior to orbital margin, the fifth one usually just above the margin, 4 - 6 posteriormost teeth with distinct basal suture, and ventrally with 10 - 16 teeth; fourth and fifth abdominal somites each with posteroventral tooth on pleuron; telson 1.30 - 1.40 times as long as sixth abdominal somite, bearing 4 pairs of dorsolateral spines, including pair adjacent to lateral pair of posterior spines; ocellus skewed somewhat laterad, in rather broad contact with cornea but distinctly constricted at juncture with cornea; antennular stylocerite acute, slightly overreaching dorsal arc of distal margin of first antennular segment; third maxilliped with penultimate segment 0.75 - 0.80 times as long as terminal segment; third maxilliped through fourth pereopods with hooked epipods; second pereopods strongly unequal, right (shorter) one with 18 carpal articles, left (longer) one with 92 carpal articles; third pereopods not greatly elongate, overreaching antennal scale by length of dactyl and 0.75 of propodus, dactylus about 0.26 as long as propodus with accessory distal spinule more than half as long as and not much separated from main unguis, and with 3 accessory spinules in proximal 0.30 of flexor margin. As Chace (1985) mentioned, this species is very similar to P. binoculus and P. izumiae.	en	Li, Xinzheng, Komai, Tomoyuki (2003): Pandaloid Shrimps From The Northern South China Sea, With Description Of A New Species Of Plesionika (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51 (2): 257-275, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13229438
AA7E8793FFA0F6486CBFF2D7FDEBFD7A.taxon	description	(Fig. 7)	en	Li, Xinzheng, Komai, Tomoyuki (2003): Pandaloid Shrimps From The Northern South China Sea, With Description Of A New Species Of Plesionika (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51 (2): 257-275, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13229438
AA7E8793FFA0F6486CBFF2D7FDEBFD7A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. – 2 ovig. females (cl 5.0, 5.5 mm) (IOCAS), CN 19 - 13, Beibu Bay, 18 00 ’ N, 108 30 ’ E, 79 m, muddy sand, AT, coll. Z. Fan, 28 Jan. 1959; 1 ovig. female (cl 4.6 mm) (IOCAS), CN Q 618 - 10, 18 45 ’ N, 108 30 ’ E, 20 m, muddy sand, BT, coll. F. Xu, 17 Apr. 1959; 1 ovig. female (cl 3.5 mm) (IOCAS), CN R 45 B- 30, 18 15 ’ N, 108 45 ’ E, 39 m, sandy mud, AT, coll. Z. Fan, 16 Jul. 1959; 2 females (cl 4.2, 4.7 mm) (IOCAS), CN R 42 B- 27 B, 18 15 ’ N, 109 00 ’ E, 24 m, sand, AT, coll. F. Xu, 16 Jul. 1959.	en	Li, Xinzheng, Komai, Tomoyuki (2003): Pandaloid Shrimps From The Northern South China Sea, With Description Of A New Species Of Plesionika (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51 (2): 257-275, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13229438
AA7E8793FFA0F6486CBFF2D7FDEBFD7A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. – Previously known only from the western end of Basilan Strait, the Philippines, at depths of 46 m. The present material from the northern part of the South China Sea at depths of 20 - 79 m extends its geographical range to north and west.	en	Li, Xinzheng, Komai, Tomoyuki (2003): Pandaloid Shrimps From The Northern South China Sea, With Description Of A New Species Of Plesionika (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51 (2): 257-275, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13229438
AA7E8793FFA0F6486CBFF2D7FDEBFD7A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. – Plesionika pumila has been previously represented only by the type material from the Basilan Island, the Philippines. The present specimens agree well with the original description of the species by Chace (1985), particularly in the following diagnostic features: rostrum armed dorsally with 4 teeth in basal part, including one on the carapace posterior to orbital margin, all with bluntly barbed tips; fourth and fifth abdominal somites each with posteroventral tooth on pleuron; telson about as long as sixth abdominal somite, bearing 4 pairs of dorsolateral spinules, including pair adjacent to lateral pair of posterior spines; stylocerite acute, very short, at most reaching the half of first antennular segment; third maxilliped with epipod, penultimate segment 0.60 as long as terminal segment; anterior 4 pairs of pereopods with hooked epipods; left second pereopods with carpus consisting of about 37 articles; third pereopod with dactylus 0.36 times as long as propodus, devoid of accessory spinules on flexor margin. In the present material, the second pereopods are distinctly unequal; the right (shorter) second pereopods, which remains unknown before, with the carpus consists of 11 articles. This species is apparently similar to P. longidactylus, new species. The affinities between these two species are discussed under the account of the new species.	en	Li, Xinzheng, Komai, Tomoyuki (2003): Pandaloid Shrimps From The Northern South China Sea, With Description Of A New Species Of Plesionika (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51 (2): 257-275, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13229438
AA7E8793FFA1F6486F95F4B7FA3AFD9A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. – 24 males (cl 12.9 - 19.9 mm), 9 females (cl 12.4 - 20.1 mm), 7 ovig. females (cl 16.3 - 21.3 mm) (IOCAS), 1 male, 1 female (ZRC), CN L 33 B- 44, 19 00 ’ N, 113 00 ’ E, 465 m, sand, AT, coll. H. Li, 17 Feb. 1959.	en	Li, Xinzheng, Komai, Tomoyuki (2003): Pandaloid Shrimps From The Northern South China Sea, With Description Of A New Species Of Plesionika (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51 (2): 257-275, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13229438
AA7E8793FFA1F6486F95F4B7FA3AFD9A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. – Philippines, Indonesia, South and East China seas, Japan; at depths of 176 - 700 m.	en	Li, Xinzheng, Komai, Tomoyuki (2003): Pandaloid Shrimps From The Northern South China Sea, With Description Of A New Species Of Plesionika (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51 (2): 257-275, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13229438
AA7E8793FFA1F6486F95F4B7FA3AFD9A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. – As Chan & Crosnier (1997) suggested, the taxonomy of P. martia A. Milne Edwards, 1883 species group, to which this species belongs, is still unsettled. The present specimens are identified with P. semilaevis on account of the following features: the overall body size is relatively small (the average postorbital carapace length of the seven ovigerous females is 19.3 mm); the posterior margin of the orbit is notably inclined posterodorsal; the dactylus of the third pereopod is relatively long (about 0.30 length of the propodus); and the exopod of the third pleopod relatively short (usually less than 0.75 of the carapace length).	en	Li, Xinzheng, Komai, Tomoyuki (2003): Pandaloid Shrimps From The Northern South China Sea, With Description Of A New Species Of Plesionika (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51 (2): 257-275, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13229438
AA7E8793FFA1F64F6CC6F497FDADFD29.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. - 2 males (cl 6.4, 8.6 mm) (IOCAS), CN K 122 B- 42 B, 19 00 ’ N, 112 30 ’ E, 300 m, sand, AT, coll. S. Shen, 8 Feb. 1960; 1 ovig. female (cl 9.9 mm) (IOCAS), CN K 102 B- 61, 19 30 ’ N, 112 00 ’ E, 122 m, muddy sand, AT, coll. F. Xu, 28 Oct. 1959.	en	Li, Xinzheng, Komai, Tomoyuki (2003): Pandaloid Shrimps From The Northern South China Sea, With Description Of A New Species Of Plesionika (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51 (2): 257-275, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13229438
AA7E8793FFA1F64F6CC6F497FDADFD29.taxon	distribution	Distribution. – Known with certainly from Japan, South China Sea, the Philippines, Indonesia, Hawaii and French Polynesia, at depths of 122 - 800 m.	en	Li, Xinzheng, Komai, Tomoyuki (2003): Pandaloid Shrimps From The Northern South China Sea, With Description Of A New Species Of Plesionika (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51 (2): 257-275, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13229438
AA7E8793FFA1F64F6CC6F497FDADFD29.taxon	discussion	Remarks. – Chan & Crosnier (1997) clarified the taxonomic confusion regarding Plesionika sindoi and P. ocellus Bate, 1888. They showed that P. sindoi differs from P. ocellus primarily in the absence of a posterolateral tooth on the pleuron of the fourth abdominal somite and that P. chacei Hayashi, 1986 was a junior subjective synonym of P. ocellus. The present material is clearly identifiable with P. sindoi. Detailed descriptions of this species can be found in De Man (1920) and Chace (1985, as P. ocellus).	en	Li, Xinzheng, Komai, Tomoyuki (2003): Pandaloid Shrimps From The Northern South China Sea, With Description Of A New Species Of Plesionika (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51 (2): 257-275, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13229438
AA7E8793FFA6F64E6E60F542FD0BFEFA.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. – 1 female (cl 9.4 mm) (IOCAS), CN K 7 B- 11, 19 00 ’ N, 112 30 ’ E, 472 m, sand, AT, coll. Z. Tang, 17 Feb. 1959; 1 female (cl 7.5 mm) (IOCAS), CN K 122 B- 49, 19 00 ’ N, 112 30 ’ E, 300 m, sand, AT, coll. S. Shen, 8 Feb. 1960. Supplemental material. – 1 male (cl 10.1 mm), 1 ovig. female (cl 10.1 mm) (paratypes; CBM-ZC, transferred from USNM 205305), Albatross: stn 5517, west of Mindanao Sea, Philippines, 08 45.30 ’ N, 123 33.45 ’ E, 309 m, 9 Aug. 1909.	en	Li, Xinzheng, Komai, Tomoyuki (2003): Pandaloid Shrimps From The Northern South China Sea, With Description Of A New Species Of Plesionika (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51 (2): 257-275, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13229438
AA7E8793FFA6F64E6E60F542FD0BFEFA.taxon	distribution	Distribution. – Previously known only from the Philippines at depths of 199 - 333 m. The present specimens extend the geographical range of this species to north and west and bathymetrical range down to 472 m.	en	Li, Xinzheng, Komai, Tomoyuki (2003): Pandaloid Shrimps From The Northern South China Sea, With Description Of A New Species Of Plesionika (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51 (2): 257-275, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13229438
AA7E8793FFA6F64E6E60F542FD0BFEFA.taxon	discussion	Remarks. – The present specimens fit well the original description of P. spinensis by Chace (1985). The identification was confirmed by comparison with two paratypes (USNM 205305). This species is similar to the members of the Plesionika ensis (A. Milne Edwards, 1881) species group, including P. ensis from the western Atlantic and P. reflexa Chace, 1985, from the western Pacific. The three species share the following features: the upper orbital lobe is distinct; the third abdominal somite is armed with a median spine on the posterodorsal margin; the posterior three pereopods are not greatly elongate or extremely thin, with carpi being subequal to or slightly shorter than the propodi. Plesionika spinensis can be readily distinguished from the two relatives by the rostrum with dorsal margin dentate over the entire length, the absence of the ventral membranous part of the branchiostegite of the carapace, the possession of a median tooth on the posterodorsal margin of the fourth abdominal somite, and the elongate dactyli of the third to fifth pereopods.	en	Li, Xinzheng, Komai, Tomoyuki (2003): Pandaloid Shrimps From The Northern South China Sea, With Description Of A New Species Of Plesionika (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51 (2): 257-275, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13229438
AA7E8793FFA7F64E6FB7F737FA12FD9A.taxon	description	(Fig. 8)	en	Li, Xinzheng, Komai, Tomoyuki (2003): Pandaloid Shrimps From The Northern South China Sea, With Description Of A New Species Of Plesionika (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51 (2): 257-275, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13229438
AA7E8793FFA7F64E6FB7F737FA12FD9A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. – 1 ovig. female (cl 12.4 mm) (IOCAS), CN N 139 B- 21, 18 30 ’ N, 110 30 ’ E, 101 m, sandy mud, AT, coll. J. Liu, 9 Mar. 1960.	en	Li, Xinzheng, Komai, Tomoyuki (2003): Pandaloid Shrimps From The Northern South China Sea, With Description Of A New Species Of Plesionika (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51 (2): 257-275, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13229438
AA7E8793FFA7F64E6FB7F737FA12FD9A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. – The present specimen shows the following features: rostrum somewhat curved dorsally, distinctly overreaching antennal scale, armed dorsally with 12 irregularly spaced teeth, including four on carapace posterior to level of orbital margin, four posteriormost teeth basally articulated but none with barbed tips; ventral margin of rostrum armed with 13 teeth; postrostral crest weakly elevated; stylocerite acute, overreaching dorsal arc of distal margin of first antennular segment; third maxilliped with penultimate segment 0.60 times as long as ultimate segment; third maxilliped and anterior four pairs of pereopods each bearing hooked epipods; second pereopods greatly unequal, shorter (right) one with 30 carpal articles, longer (left) one with about 110 carpal articles; third pereopods with dactylus about 0.33 times as long as propodus; fourth and fifth abdominal somites each with pleural posteroventral tooth; telson bearing four pairs of dorsolateral spines, including pair adjacent to lateral pair of posterior spines. Most of these features link this specimen to Plesionika binoculus (Bate, 1888) known so far only from the Arafura Sea (Chace, 1985). However, our specimen is apparently different from P. binoculus in having a relatively more elevated postrostral crest and two broadly based fixed teeth anterior to level of the orbital margin. In these points, our specimen shows some similarities to P. lophotes Chace, 1985. However, P. lophotes is characterized by having a very high rostral crest as well as very long dactyli on the posterior pereopods. It may be possible that our specimen represents an undescribed species, but the insufficiency of the material available for study prevents us for acting any further.	en	Li, Xinzheng, Komai, Tomoyuki (2003): Pandaloid Shrimps From The Northern South China Sea, With Description Of A New Species Of Plesionika (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51 (2): 257-275, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13229438
AA7E8793FFA7F64E6CA0F496FAAEFBBA.taxon	discussion	Remarks. – The type species of this genus had long been known as Heterocarpoides levicarina (cf. Chace, 1985). Bate (1888) simultaneously described Procletes biangulatus Bate, 1888 and Dorodotes levicarina Bate, 1888. Menon (1972) interpreted that the two taxa are conspecific, and through the first reviser action of Menon the name levicarina was given precedence over biungulatus. Dorodotes levicarina is generically distinct from Dorodotes reflexus Bate, 1888, the type species of the genus. Thus the generic name Procletes, which has a priority over Heterocarpoides, should be used.	en	Li, Xinzheng, Komai, Tomoyuki (2003): Pandaloid Shrimps From The Northern South China Sea, With Description Of A New Species Of Plesionika (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51 (2): 257-275, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13229438
AA7E8793FFA4F64D6E67F697FBDDFC6E.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. – 2 ovig. females (cl 15.7, 18.1 mm) (IOCAS), CN Q 45 B- 19, 17 45 ’ N, 109 00 ’ E, 74 m, sandy mud, AT, coll. Z. Fan, 11 Apr. 1959; 1 female (cl 12.2 mm) (IOCAS), CN Q 57 B- 8, 18 15 ’ N, 108 15 ’ E, 7 1 m, mud, BT, coll. F. Xu, 16 Apr. 1959; 3 males (cl 9.8 - 12.6 mm), 2 females (cl 10.1, 12.6 mm), 1 ovig. female (cl 15.5 mm) (IOCAS), CN N 64 B- 32, 20 00 ’ N, 111 15 ’ E, 48 m, mud, AT, coll. Z. Tang, 12 Jul. 1959; 1 juv. (cl 4.8 mm) (IOCAS), CN SIII 28 B- 25 B, 21 45 ’ N, 116 00 ’ E, 103 m, sand, AT, coll. W. Zhang, 15 Jul. 1959; 4 females (cl 7.9 - 11.5 mm), 1 ovig. female (cl 11.1 mm) (IOCAS), 1 female (ZRC), CN K 91 B- 2, 21 15 ’ N, 113 00 ’ E, 43 m, sandy mud, AT, coll. Y. Wang, 21 Oct. 1959; 3 females (cl 10.0 - 12.6 mm) (IOCAS), CN S 136 B- 24, 21 45 ’ N, 114 00 ’ E, 43 m, mud, AT, coll. S. Wu, 9 Dec. 1959; 1 ovig. female (cl 9.6 mm) (IOCAS), CN X 60 B- 8, Beibu Bay, 19 30 ’ N, 107 00 ’ E, 52 m, muddy sand, AT, coll. Z. Fan, 8 Feb. 1960; 1 male (cl 12.7 mm) (IOCAS), CN Q 183 B- 5, Beibu Bay, 20 30 ’ N, 109 45 ’ E, 14 m, sandy mud, AT, coll. F. Sun, 17 Apr. 1960; 1 female (cl 6.7 mm) (IOCAS), CN N 219 B- 170, 18 15 ’ N, 108 30 ’ E, 54 m, mud and shells, AT, coll. J. Liu, 16 May. 1960; 1 male (cl 9.4 mm), 1 female (cl 9.9 mm), 1 ovig. female (cl 15.0 mm) (IOCAS), CN Z 14 B- 21, Beibu Bay, 20 00 ’ N, 109 00 ’ E, 74 m, sandy mud, AT, coll. Z. Fan, 16 May. 1960; 1 female (cl 9.1 mm) (IOCAS), CN Q 290 A- 12, Beibu Bay, 20 30 ’ N, 108 00 ’ E, 45 m, muddy sand, coll. W. Zhang, 10 Nov. 1960; 1 female (cl 10.5 mm) (IOCAS), CN X 196 B- 46, Beibu Bay, 19 00 ’ N, 107 00 ’ E, 60 m, sandy mud, AT, 12 Apr. 1962; 1 male (cl 10.4 mm) (IOCAS), CN K 237 B- 28, Beibu Bay, 19 00 ’ N, 107 00 ’ E, 60 m, sandy mud, AT, coll. F. Sun, 19 Aug. 1962.	en	Li, Xinzheng, Komai, Tomoyuki (2003): Pandaloid Shrimps From The Northern South China Sea, With Description Of A New Species Of Plesionika (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51 (2): 257-275, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13229438
AA7E8793FFA4F64D6E67F697FBDDFC6E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. – Red Sea to Indonesia, South China Sea, Philippines, and Japan; 14 - 393 m.	en	Li, Xinzheng, Komai, Tomoyuki (2003): Pandaloid Shrimps From The Northern South China Sea, With Description Of A New Species Of Plesionika (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51 (2): 257-275, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13229438
AA7E8793FFA4F64D6E67F697FBDDFC6E.taxon	discussion	Remarks. – Intraspecific variation in this species is here evaluated precisely, as abundant samples were available for examination during this study. In all the 28 specimens examined, the development of the lateral carinae on the carapace are variable from weak to rather distinct but not sharp. The development of the median carina on the first somite is also variable, as mentioned by Chace (1985). The mentioned carina is conspicuous in the 24 specimens, but it is absent in the three specimens (one females from N 64 B- 32, one ovigerous females from X 60 B- 8 and one juvenile from SIII 28 B- 25) or discernible as a trace in one females from N 219 B- 170. The number of the carpal articles of the second pereopods is usually six in either side in the 22 specimens with intact second pereopods, but it is only five in the right second pereopod of the two specimens (one female from S 136 B- 24 and one male from Q 183 B- 5). In the latter two specimens, the left second pereopods bear six carpal articles. We could not find any correlation between the differences in the development of the lateral carinae on the carapace and of the median carina of the first abdominal somite, and the number of the carpal articles of the second pereopods. Therefore, we believe that the present specimens represent a single variable species. Zarenkov (1971) described a new species, Heterocarpus (Heterocarpoides [sic]) glabrus based on a single female specimen taken by the RV Orlik in the South China Sea off the south Viet Nam at a depth of 75 m. He distinguished his new taxon from the present species by the possession of five, rather than six carpal articles of the second pereopods and indistinct median carina on the first abdominal somite. However, as mentioned above, these characters are variable intraspecifically. Chace (1985) suggested that it may be best to treat Zarenkov’s (1971) specimen as a variant of Procletes levicarina (as Heterocarpoides) until additional specimens with five articles in the carpus of the second pereopod are found. Although the holotype of Zarenkov’s taxon was not available for study, we believe that Heterocarpus (Heterocarpoides) glabrus is a junior subjective synonym of Procletes levicarina.	en	Li, Xinzheng, Komai, Tomoyuki (2003): Pandaloid Shrimps From The Northern South China Sea, With Description Of A New Species Of Plesionika (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51 (2): 257-275, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13229438
