identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
A91887C3FFA4FFABDECFFB004577F99A.text	A91887C3FFA4FFABDECFFB004577F99A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Carcharhinus plumbeus (Nardo 1827)	<div><p>Carcharhinus plumbeus</p><p>TL ranged between 46 and 250 cm for males and between 45 and 300 cm for females. Common TL ranged from 125 to 150 cm for males and from 135 to 160 cm for females. C. plumbeus was recorded in all months through year. Females contributed 66.8% of species catches. A significant difference between caught seasons was founded (X 2 = 11.644, P = 0.009), peak of season landing was in autumn (Fig. 2c), a high percentage of juveniles was recorded in winter (Fig. 3c). Males and females of C. plumbeus maturing at 160 cm and 172 cm TL, respectively in Mediterranean Sea (Tunisian coast) [18]. Based on this information, about 85% of males and 88% of females were immature of catches (Fig. 4c).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A91887C3FFA4FFABDECFFB004577F99A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Alkusairy, Hasan;Saad, Adib	Alkusairy, Hasan, Saad, Adib (2018): Species Composition, Diversity and Length Frequency of By-Catch Sharks from the Syrian Coast. International Journal of Research Studies in Zoology 4 (1): 11-21, DOI: 10.20431/2454-941X.0401003
A91887C3FFA4FFAADECFF88647B2FEBD.text	A91887C3FFA4FFAADECFF88647B2FEBD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Galeus melastomus Rafinesque 1810	<div><p>Galeus melastomus</p><p>TL ranged between 27 and 63 cm for males and between 32 and 70 cm for females. Common TL ranged from 41 to 50 cm for males and from 44 to 55 cm for females. G. meastomus was recorded in all months of year. Percentage of females catches was 53.9%. Its caught appeared no significant difference between seasons (X 2 = 10.800, P = 0.013), peak season of landing was in autumn (Fig. 2e), while a peak season of juveniles landing was in winter (Fig. 3e). [19] noted that males and females of G. melastomus matured at 38 and 43 cm TL, respectively. Based on this information, immature males and females constituted about 10 % and 21%, respectively. (Fig. 4e).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A91887C3FFA4FFAADECFF88647B2FEBD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Alkusairy, Hasan;Saad, Adib	Alkusairy, Hasan, Saad, Adib (2018): Species Composition, Diversity and Length Frequency of By-Catch Sharks from the Syrian Coast. International Journal of Research Studies in Zoology 4 (1): 11-21, DOI: 10.20431/2454-941X.0401003
A91887C3FFA4FFABDECFFC52405AFB69.text	A91887C3FFA4FFABDECFFC52405AFB69.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hepranchias perlo (Bonnaterre 1788)	<div><p>Hepranchias perlo</p><p>TL ranged between 27 and 117 cm for males and between 20 and 124 cm for females. Common TL ranged from 60 to 100 cm for males and from 55 to 100 cm for females. H. perlo was presented in all months through year except February. Percentage of females catches was 53.2%. There was a significant difference between caught seasons (X 2 = 16.400, P = 0.001), peak of season landing was in spring (Fig. 2b) with a high percentage of juveniles (Fig. 3b). [17] reported that males and females of H. perlo maturing at 81 cm TL and 97 cm TL, respectively in Syrian marine waters. Therefore, about 50% of males and 74% of females were immature of catches (Fig. 4b).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A91887C3FFA4FFABDECFFC52405AFB69	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Alkusairy, Hasan;Saad, Adib	Alkusairy, Hasan, Saad, Adib (2018): Species Composition, Diversity and Length Frequency of By-Catch Sharks from the Syrian Coast. International Journal of Research Studies in Zoology 4 (1): 11-21, DOI: 10.20431/2454-941X.0401003
A91887C3FFA4FFABDECFFD9D45D1FC17.text	A91887C3FFA4FFABDECFFD9D45D1FC17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hexanchus griseus (Bonnaterre 1788)	<div><p>Hexanchus griseus</p><p>TL ranged between 102 and 310 cm for males and between 85 and 345 cm for females. Common TL ranged from 155 to 230 cm for males and from 175 to 275 cm for females. This species was recorded in all months through the period of study. Females constituted 63.5% of species catches. Its caught appeared a significant difference between seasons (X 2 = 11.441, P = 0.010), peak of season landing was in autumn (Fig. 2a), a high proportion of juveniles was recorded in spring (Fig. 3a). [16] suggested that males and females of H. griseus maturing at 300 and 350 cm TL, respectively. In Mediterranean Sea. Consequently, about 97% of males and 100% of females were immature of catches (Fig. 4a).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A91887C3FFA4FFABDECFFD9D45D1FC17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Alkusairy, Hasan;Saad, Adib	Alkusairy, Hasan, Saad, Adib (2018): Species Composition, Diversity and Length Frequency of By-Catch Sharks from the Syrian Coast. International Journal of Research Studies in Zoology 4 (1): 11-21, DOI: 10.20431/2454-941X.0401003
A91887C3FFA4FFABDECFF9D040C6F8EC.text	A91887C3FFA4FFABDECFF9D040C6F8EC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mustelus mustelus (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>Mustelus mustelus</p><p>TL ranged between 55 and 133 cm for males and between 50 and 141 cm for females. Common TL ranged from 73 to 88 cm for males and from 77 to 100 cm for females. This species was founded in all months of year. Females constituted 57.7% of species catches. Its caught appeared a significant difference between seasons (X 2 = 11.600, P = 0.009), peak of season landing was in winter (Fig. 2d), while a high percentage of juveniles was recorded in spring (Fig. 3d). According to [7] males and females of M. mustelus (Syrian coast) species matured at 101 cm and 105 cm TL, respectively. Thus, immature males and females contributed 90% and 83% of species catches (Fig. 4d).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A91887C3FFA4FFABDECFF9D040C6F8EC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Alkusairy, Hasan;Saad, Adib	Alkusairy, Hasan, Saad, Adib (2018): Species Composition, Diversity and Length Frequency of By-Catch Sharks from the Syrian Coast. International Journal of Research Studies in Zoology 4 (1): 11-21, DOI: 10.20431/2454-941X.0401003
A91887C3FFA5FFAADECFF8FC47A3F797.text	A91887C3FFA5FFAADECFF8FC47A3F797.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Squalus blainvillei (Risso 1827)	<div><p>Squalus blainvillei</p><p>TL ranged between 28 and 78 cm for males and between 29 and 82 cm for females. Common TL ranged from 44 to 53 cm for males and from 46 to 58 cm for females. This species was presented in all months of year except December and January. Females contributed 57.3% of species catches. Its caught appeared a significant difference between seasons (X 2 = 10.800, P = 0.013), peak of season landing was in summer (Fig. 2f), while a peak of juveniles landing was in spring (Fig. 3f). Males and females of S. blainvillei matured at 46 and 56 cm TL [20], respectively. Therefore, about 33% of males and 71% of females were immature in species catches (Fig. 4f).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A91887C3FFA5FFAADECFF8FC47A3F797	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Alkusairy, Hasan;Saad, Adib	Alkusairy, Hasan, Saad, Adib (2018): Species Composition, Diversity and Length Frequency of By-Catch Sharks from the Syrian Coast. International Journal of Research Studies in Zoology 4 (1): 11-21, DOI: 10.20431/2454-941X.0401003
A91887C3FFA6FFA9DECFF97847D8F814.text	A91887C3FFA6FFA9DECFF97847D8F814.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cenrophorus uyato (Rafinesque 1810)	<div><p>Cenrophorus uyato .</p><p>TL ranged between 47 and 90 cm for males and between 50 and 100 cm for females. Common TL ranged from 70 to 80 cm for males and from 75 to 80 cm for females. This species was recorded in all months of year except January. Females constituted 53.4% of species catches. Its caught appeared no significant difference between seasons (X 2 = 13.448, P = 0.004), peak of season landing was in summer (Fig. 2g), while a peak of juveniles landing was in spring (Fig. 3g). Males and females of C. uyato off Syrian marine warts matured at 79.2 cm and 86.7 cm TL [17], respectively. Therefore, about 62% of males and 66% of females were immature (Fig. 4g).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A91887C3FFA6FFA9DECFF97847D8F814	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Alkusairy, Hasan;Saad, Adib	Alkusairy, Hasan, Saad, Adib (2018): Species Composition, Diversity and Length Frequency of By-Catch Sharks from the Syrian Coast. International Journal of Research Studies in Zoology 4 (1): 11-21, DOI: 10.20431/2454-941X.0401003
A91887C3FFA6FFA6DECFF82E40EFFD0B.text	A91887C3FFA6FFA6DECFF82E40EFFD0B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Centrophorus granulosus (Bloch & Schneider 1801)	<div><p>Centrophorus granulosus</p><p>TL ranged between 46 and 97 cm for males and between 46 and 105 cm for females. Common TL ranged from 77 to 85 cm for males and from 80 to 90 cm for females. C. granulosus was recorded in all months of years. Females constituted 59.6% of species catches. A significant difference between caught seasons was founded (X 2 = 15.915, P = 0.001), peak of season and juveniles landing were in summer (Fig. 2h and Fig. 3h). [21] reported that males and females of C. granulosus matured at 80 and 90 cm TL, respectively. Consequently, about 37% of males and 68% of females were immature in species catches (Fig. 4h).</p><p>There were three possible nursery areas for H. griseus (northern Ras Albassit, northern Lattakia and northern Tartous) in Syrian marine waters. Moreover, three possible nursery areas were in the region for C. plumbeus (one area southern Lattakia and two areas southern Tartous). While there were two possible nursery areas for M. mustelus (against Lattakia and middle distance between Jablah and Banias) (Fig. 5).</p><p>The very economically important species being caught in plentiful quantities and highly consumable: C. plumbeus, M. mustelus C. uyato, H. griseus, and S. blanvllei . Moderate economically important species either for being caught in little quantities with high efforts in fishing, or for their little demand for human consumption, or may be both reasons: H. perlo, I. oxyrinchus, A. superciliosus, C. obscurus, D. licha, S. squatina, S. oculata, S. aculata, in Syrian marine waters [2].</p><p>The seasonal variation findings are in agreement with [22] Buencuerpo et al. (1998) and [23] Megalofonou (2005), who reported maximum catch rates in April (spring) and September (autumn). Certain water temperature preferences of sharks force them to shift to deeper, cooler water masses, especially in tropical and subtropical areas. In these depths they are less vulnerable to surface longlining and that reflects in lower catch rates [24, 25, 26, 27].</p><p>The two pelagic species H. griseus (common), C. plumbeus (abundant) and the deep-water species M. mustelus (common) fishery were dominance by juveniles, which considered as vulnerable, endangered and endangered, respectively, on regional Red List of Mediterranean Sea. These species were occurrence every month round year that totally composed about 25% of Syrian sharks landing. The females catches of the pelagic species H. perlo (common), also the three deep-water species S. blainvillei (abundant), C. uyato (common) and C. granulosus (common) were mostly comprised by juveniles. Which considered as vulnerable, data deficient, unknown and vulnerable, respectively, on regional Red List of Mediterranean Sea. Conversely, catches of the deep-water species G. melastomus was comprised by a little numbers of juveniles in both sexes. The presence of recruits both between 200 and 650 m, a greater percentage of mature individuals in the mesobathyal than in epibathyal and homoeothermic condition in the bathyal environment of Mediterranean, this may cause by that the reproduction occurs at the lowest depths at which the species is found. More ever, the use of longlining scatter baits made them more accessible to smaller species [2]. The low percentage of G. melastomus recruits caused by discarding of small individuals after catch immediately because of it has no economical important.</p><p>In addition, the investigations with fishermen showed a major decline in the quantity (number and size of individuals) of shark fishery throughout last ten years, this situation caused by overfishing with the historical life characterizes of shark, represented by; large size at maturity, slow growth rate and low fecundity. These reasons make this fish group suffering from disability to complete its life cycle, as result a high proportion of juveniles were found in its catches, reached to 83%-100% for three species. [28] reported that there is increasing evidence that indirect effects of fishing are affecting the composition and diversity of chondrichthyan and total fish assemblages through trophic interactions, so we have to set up a monitoring program for chondrichthyan fishery and its landing.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A91887C3FFA6FFA6DECFF82E40EFFD0B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Alkusairy, Hasan;Saad, Adib	Alkusairy, Hasan, Saad, Adib (2018): Species Composition, Diversity and Length Frequency of By-Catch Sharks from the Syrian Coast. International Journal of Research Studies in Zoology 4 (1): 11-21, DOI: 10.20431/2454-941X.0401003
