identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
A8627E257C0FAF7DDC1BE125A8C0FE03.text	A8627E257C0FAF7DDC1BE125A8C0FE03.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trisunius Assing 2011	<div><p>Trisunius nov.gen.</p> <p>T y p e s p e c i e s Trisunius spathulatus nov.sp.; present designation.</p> <p>E t y m o l o g y: The name is composed of the Latin prefix tri- (three) - alluding to the trilobed ligula - and the generic name Sunius. The gender is masculine.</p> <p>D e s c r i p t i o n: Body of rather small size, body length 2.7-4.0 mm. Forebody with very fine to moderately coarse punctation (finer than in Sunius) (Figs 3, 20, 59, 69); head and pronotum with or without (Figs 3, 20-21, 59, 62, 69, 75), elytra without microsculpture; pubescence short and indistinct. Head approximately as long as wide or weakly oblong; posterior angles moderately marked; neck almost half as wide as head (e.g., Figs 2, 11-12, 18-19). Eyes much shorter than postocular portion in dorsal view. Ventral aspect of head with or without microsculpture; gular sutures separated by a distance of nearly the width of antennnomere IV. Antenna of moderate length, of similar morphology as in Sunius (Fig. 4). Labrum strongly transverse; anterior margin with deep Ushaped median incision, with a tooth-like projection on either side of this incision and usually with an additional tooth-like process laterally (Figs 36, 70). Maxillary palpus 4- jointed, preapical palpomere somewhat flattened and enlarged, barely twice as wide as long; apical palpomere needle-shaped and short (Fig. 73). Labial palpus 3-jointed; apical palpomere needle-shaped (Figs 5, 61, 74); ligula trilobed (Fig. 60); left mandible with three, right mandible with three to five molar teeth (Figs 71-72).</p> <p>Pronotum noticeably oblong, slightly narrower than head; weakly tapering posteriad; posterior angles weakly marked; midline with more or less pronounced, narrow to broad impunctate band.</p> <p>Elytra slightly to distinctly broader than pronotum, in some species subject to more or less pronounced dimorphisms. Legs short and with short tarsi. Protarsomeres I-IV distinctly dilated in both sexes. Mesotarsomeres II-IV broader than long. Metatarsus distinctly shorter than metatibia; metatarsomere I short, approximately as long as broad and only slightly longer than II, II-IV approximately as long as broad or even broader than long.</p> <p>Abdomen widest at segment VI. Tergal surfaces with dense fine punctation and with fine microsculpture (Fig. 76).</p> <p>Ƌ: sternite VII with or without modified pubescence, in posterior portion with or without impression, posterior margin usually weakly concave in the middle (e.g., Figs 6, 13, 23, 30, 37); sternite VIII posteriorly with median incision of variable depth and width (e.g., 7, 14, 24, 31, 38); sternite IX relatively broad, usually 2.0-2.5 times as long as wide (Figs 22, 32). Aedeagus with basal portion more or less strongly produced ventrad in lateral view; ventral process of variable shape; dorso-apical structures more or less hookshaped; internal structures at most weakly sclerotized.</p> <p>D i a g n o s i s: The genus is characterized and distinguished from other genera of Medonina resembling Sunius particularly by the trilobed ligula, the enlarged, flattened preapical maxillary palpomere, and the shape of the labrum. It is additionally distinguished from Sunius by the finer punctation of the forebody, the often more pronounced microsculpture of the head and pronotum, the distinctly dilated protarsomeres I-IV, as well as by the much shorter meso- and metatarsomeres. For illustrations of the mouthparts of Sunius see ASSING (2011).</p> <p>D i v e r s i t y: The genus currently includes ten species, the vast majority of which (eight species) are known only from the Chinese province Yunnan.</p> <p>D i s t r i b u t i o n: The currently known distribution ranges from Uttarranchal in the northwest to Thailand in the southeast. Although most species are distributed in regions assigned to the East Palaearctic region by LÖBL &amp; SMETANA (2004), Trisunius appears to be an essentially Oriental genus, as can be inferred from its absence from high altitudes, as well as from the northern and central parts of China. The distributions of all the Chinese representatives are confined to Yunnan. The individual distributions of the species do not appear to be very restricted and strongly overlap, particularly so in Yunnan.</p> <p>N a t u r a l h i s t o r y: Based on the data indicated on the labels attached to the examined specimens, the species primarily inhabit the litter layer of various forest habitats. On a few occasions, however, specimens were collected also in open (grassland) or shrub habitats. The altitudes range from 850 to 3000 m. On many occasions, several species were recorded to occur syntopically; in one locality as many as four Trisunius species were found. Adult beetles were collected in March, May-June, August- September, and November. Teneral specimens of several species were observed in August and September. At least some of the species are wing-dimorphic, this dimorphism in two species not only affecting the length of the elytra and the hind wings, but also the shape of the head and the size of the eyes.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A8627E257C0FAF7DDC1BE125A8C0FE03	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Assing, V.	Assing, V. (2011): Trisunius gen. nov. from the southern East Palaearctic and the Oriental regions (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederinae: Medonina). Linzer biologische Beiträge 43 (1): 195-220, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4507234
A8627E257C0DAF7BDEA6E613A917FD7E.text	A8627E257C0DAF7BDEA6E613A917FD7E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trisunius spathulatus Assing 2011	<div><p>Trisunius spathulatus nov.sp. (Figs 1-9)</p> <p>T y p e m a t e r i a l: Holotype Ƌ: " China: Yunnan, Lincang Pref., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.0075&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.594723" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.0075/lat 23.594723)">Bangma Shan</a>, 33 km SSW Lincang, 2150 m, 23°35'41''N, 100°00'27''E, decid. forest remnant, N-slope, litter and dead wood sifted, 11.IX.2009, leg. M. Schülke [CH09-42] / Holotypus Ƌ Trisunius spathulatus sp. n. det. V. Assing 2011" (cAss). Paratypes: 131 exs. [13 teneral]: same data as holotype (OÖLL, cSch, cAss); 7 exs.: " China: Yunnan, Lincang Pref., Bangma Shan, 20 km NW Lincang, 2210 m, 23°58'25''N, 99°54'36''E, water reservoir, devast. forest with ferns, litter &amp; ferns sifted, reservoir bank, 9.IX.2009, leg. M. Schülke [CH09-37]" (cSch, cAss); 1♀: " China: Yunnan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.4973&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.754555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.4973/lat 24.754555)">Lincang</a> Pref., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.4973&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.754555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.4973/lat 24.754555)">Mekong valley</a>, small creek cleft, 38 km SSE Lincang, 854 m, 23°33'13.2''N, 100°09'56.8''E, wet litter &amp; flood debris under waterfall, 11.IX.2009, leg. M. Schülke " [CH09-44a]" (cSch); 2 exs.: " China: Yunnan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.4973&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.754555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.4973/lat 24.754555)">Lincang</a> Pref., Laobie Shan, Wei Bo Shan pass, 24°08'16''N, 99°42'53''E, 2375 m, creek valley, devastated second. decid. forest, litter &amp; moss sifted, 8.IX.2009, leg. M. Schülke [CH09-35]" (cSch); 2 exs.: " China: Yunnan, Pu'er Pref., Ailao Shan, 37 km NW Jingdong, 24°45'12''N, 100°41'24.5''E, 2300 m, devastated forest remnant, litter &amp; dead wood sifted, 13.IX.2009, leg. M. Schülke [CH09-48]" (cSch, cAss); 6 exs.: " China (Yunnan) Pu'er Pref., Ailao Shan, 37 km NW Jingdong, 24°45'12''N, 100°41'24.5''E, 2300 m (devastated forest remnant, litter, moss, grass roots sifted, 13.IX.2009, D.W. Wrase [48]" (cSch, cAss); 3 exs.: " China: Yunnan, Dali Bai Aut. Pref., Wuliang Shan, 9 km SW Weishan, 25°10'15.5''N, 100°14'21.8''E, 2480 m (scrub with oak, alder, pine), litter &amp; mushrooms sifted, 14.IX.2009, leg. M. Schülke [CH09-51]" (cSch, cAss); 7 exs. [2 teneral]: " China: Yunnan, Dali Bai Aut. Pref., Wuliang Shan, 11 km SW Weishan, 24°08'46.7''N, 100°14'14.1''E, 2520 m, pine forest, litter &amp; dead wood sifted, 14.IX.2009, leg. M. Schülke [CH09-52]" (cSch, cAss); 5 exs.: " China: Yunnan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.4973&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.754555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.4973/lat 24.754555)">Lincang</a> / Dali Pref., Wuliang Shan, old pass road, N pass, 24°45'16.4''N, 100°29'50.3''E, 2350 m, forest remnant &amp; tea plantation litter, mushrooms, grass sifted, 16.IX.2009, leg. M. Schülke [CH09-55]" (cSch, cAss).</p> <p>D e s c r i p t i o n: Body length 3.0- 3.5 mm. Habitus as in Fig. 1. Coloration: head dark-brown to blackish-brown; pronotum and elytra reddish to reddish-brown; abdomen reddish to dark-brown, with the apex reddish; legs and antennae reddish.</p> <p>Head (Fig. 2) weakly oblong, approximately 1.05 times as long as wide; punctation fine and moderately dense; interstices with fine, but distinct microsculpture (Fig. 3). Eyes approximately half as long as postocular region in dorsal view. Antenna as in Fig. 4. Anterior margin of labrum with two distinct teeth on either side of median incision. Labial palpi as in Fig. 5.</p> <p>Pronotum (Fig. 2) approximately 1.1 times as long as wide and 0.90-0.95 times as wide as head; punctation rather fine and dense, more distinct than that of head; midline with narrow impunctate band not reaching anterior and posterior margins; interstices without microsculpture.</p> <p>Elytra short, usually 0.85-0.95 times as long as pronotum; humeral angles marked (Fig. 2); punctation dense and shallow, less defined than that of pronotum; interstices without microsculpture. Hind wings of reduced length, approximately twice as long as elytra</p> <p>(approximately 30 specimens examined). Metatarsomere I approximately as long as II.</p> <p>Abdomen slightly broader than elytra, widest at segment VI; punctation fine and dense; interstices with distinct microsculpture; posterior margin of tergite VII with palisade fringe.</p> <p>Ƌ: sternite VII with shallow impression in posterior median portion, on either side of this impression with extensive cluster of long dark setae (Fig. 6); sternite VIII with median impression and with deep and rather narrow V-shaped excision (Fig. 7); aedeagus approximately 0.45 mm long, with long and slender ventral process (Fig. 8); apex of ventral process scoop-shaped in ventral view (Fig. 9).</p> <p>E t y m o l o g y: The specific epithet is an adjective derived from the Latin noun spathula (scoop, spattle) and refers to the conspicuous shape of the ventral process of the aedeagus.</p> <p>C o m p a r a t i v e n o t e s: This species is characterized particularly by the chaetotaxy of the male sternite VII and by the shape of the aedeagus. It is distinguished from many of its congeners also by the relatively short elytra and by the reduced length of the hind wings.</p> <p>D i s t r i b u t i o n a n d n a t u r a l h i s t o r y: Trisunuius spathulatus is known from several localities in southwestern Yunnan, where it was sifted from forest litter at altitudes of 2150-2520 m in September; one specimen was sifted from wet debris at a waterfall at approximately 850 m. Syntopic species are T. cultellatus, T. schuelkei, T. iaculatus, and T. truncatus. Several specimens are teneral.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A8627E257C0DAF7BDEA6E613A917FD7E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Assing, V.	Assing, V. (2011): Trisunius gen. nov. from the southern East Palaearctic and the Oriental regions (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederinae: Medonina). Linzer biologische Beiträge 43 (1): 195-220, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4507234
A8627E257C0BAF79DEA6E726A9A3FBEF.text	A8627E257C0BAF79DEA6E726A9A3FBEF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trisunius ligulatus Assing 2011	<div><p>Trisunius ligulatus nov.sp. (Figs 10-16)</p> <p>T y p e m a t e r i a l: Holotype Ƌ: " China (Yunnan) Baoshan Pref., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.76195&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.837778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.76195/lat 24.837778)">Gaoligong Shan</a> nr. Xiaoheishan N. R., 35 km SE Tengchong, 2110 m, 24°50'16''N, 98°45'43''E (prim. decid. forest, litter, sifted) 30. V.&amp; 4.VI.2007 D.W. Wrase [11] / Holotypus Ƌ Trisunius ligulatus sp. n. det. V. Assing 2011" (cAss). Paratypes: 13 exs.: same data as holotype (cSch, cAss); 1 ex.: " China: Yunnan [CH07-11], Baoshan Pref., Gaoligong Shan, nr. Xiaoheishan N. R., 35 km SE Tengchong, 2110 m, 24°50'16''N, 98°45'43''E, decid. forest, litter, sifted, 30.V.2007, M. Schülke " (cSch); 2 exs.: " China: Yunnan [CH07-11A], Baoshan Pref., Gaoligong Shan, nr. Xiaoheishan N. R., 35 km SE Tengchong, 2110 m, 24°50'16''N, 98°45'43''E, decid. forest, fungi, sifted, 4.VI.2007, leg. A. Pütz " (cPüt); 3 exs.: " China: Yunnan, Baoshan Pref., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.690834&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.717222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.690834/lat 27.717222)">Gaoligong Shan</a>, W Pass 35 km SE Tengchong, 2100 m, 24°50'18''N, 98°45'43''E, devast. prim. dec. forest, litter, wood, mushrooms sifted, 25.VIII.2009, leg. M. Schülke [CH09-06]" (cSch, cAss); 5 exs.: " China (Yunnan) Baoshan Pref., mount. range 14 km E Tengchong, 1850 m, 25°00'28''N, 98°38'07''E, 1850 m [sic] (second. mixed forest, field edge, litter, debris sifted) 1.VI.2007 D.W. Wrase [16]" (cSch, cAss); 1♀: " China: Yunnan [CH07-17], Baoshan Pref., mountain range 25 km S Tengchong, 1900 m, 24°48'28''N, 98°32°03''E, dev. primery [sic] decid. forest, litter, fungi, sifted, 2.VI.2007, M. Schülke " (cSch); 2 exs.: " China: Yunnan, Baoshan Pref., mount. range 25 km S Tengchong, 1900 m, 24°48'21''N, 98°32°05''E, cleft with devast. primary forest, litter &amp; mushr. sifted, 30.VIII.2009, leg. M. Schülke [CH09-18]" (cAss, cSch); 2 exs.: " China (Yunnan) Dehong Dai Aut. Pref., mount. range 31 km E Luxi, 2280 m, 24°29'31''N, 98°52'58''E (grassland, pasture, under stones &amp; shrubs, in moss &amp; litter) 3.VI.2007 D.W. Wrase [19]" (cSch, cAss); 1 ex.: " China: Yunnan [CH07-19], Dehong Dai Aut. Pref., mountain range 31 km E Luxi, 2280 m, 24°29'31''N, 98°52'58''E, secnd. pine forest with old decid. trees, litter sifted 3.VI.2007, M. Schülke " (cSch); 2 exs.: " China: Yunnan [CH07-30], Nujiang Lisu Aut. Pref., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.690834&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.717222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.690834/lat 27.717222)">Nu Shan</a>, 7 km NNW Coajian, 25°43'29''N, 99°07'57''E, 2420 m, second. pine forest with shrubs, litter, bark sifted, 11.VI.2007, M. Schülke " (cSch); 3 exs.: same data, but "leg. A. Pütz " (cPüt, cAss); 1 ex.: " China (Yunnan) Nujiang Lisu Aut. Pref., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.690834&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.717222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.690834/lat 27.717222)">Nu Shan</a>, 7 km NNW Coajian, 2420 m, 25°43'29''N, 99°07'57''E (second. pine forest with shrubs, litter, moss sifted) 11.VI.2007 D.W. Wrase [30]" (cAss); 1 ex.: " China: Yunnan [CH07-20], Nujiang Lisu Aut. Pref., creek valley 3 km SE Gongshan, 1450-1500 m, 27°43'02''N, 98°41'27''E, litter, moss, sifted, 5.VI.2007, leg. A. Pütz " (cAss).</p> <p>D e s c r i p t i o n: Body length 3.0- 3.7 mm. Habitus as in Fig. 10. Coloration: head dark-reddish to blackish-brown; pronotum and elytra reddish to dark-brown; abdomen reddish-brown to dark-brown, with the apex (segments VIII-X) reddish; legs and antennae reddish.</p> <p>Head (Figs 11-12) weakly oblong, approximately 1.05 times as long as wide; punctation fine and moderately dense; interstices with fine, but distinct microsculpture. Eyes approximately half as long as postocular region in dorsal view, or nearly so. Anterior margin of labrum with two distinct teeth on either side of median incision.</p> <p>Pronotum (Figs 11-12) approximately 1.1 times as long as wide and 0.90-0.95 times as wide as head; punctation rather fine and dense, more distinct than that of head; midline with narrow impunctate band; interstices without microsculpture.</p> <p>Elytra with weakly pronounced dimorphism, in submacropterous morph (Fig. 12) 0.8-0.9 times as long as pronotum, in macropterous morph (Fig. 11) 0.95-1.00 times as long as pronotum; humeral angles marked; punctation dense and shallow, less defined than that of pronotum; interstices without microsculpture. Hind wings either fully developed (macropterous morph) or of reduced length and approximately twice as long as elytra (submacropterous morph). Metatarsomere I approximately as long as II.</p> <p>Abdomen slightly broader than elytra, widest at segment VI; punctation fine and dense; interstices with distinct microsculpture; posterior margin of tergite VII with palisade fringe.</p> <p>Ƌ: sternite VII with impression in posterior median portion, on either side of this impression with extensive cluster of long dark setae (Fig. 13); sternite VIII with median impression and with deep and rather narrow V-shaped excision (Fig. 14); aedeagus approximately 0.45 mm long; ventral process somewhat sinuate in lateral view and apically spoon-shaped in ventral view (Figs 15-16).</p> <p>E t y m o l o g y: The specific epithet is an adjective derived from the Latin noun ligula (small spoon) and refers to the shape of the apex of the ventral process of the aedeagus in ventral view.</p> <p>C o m p a r a t i v e n o t e s: As can be inferred from the similarly derived shape and chaetotaxy of the male sternites VII and VIII, as well as from the morphology of the aedeagus (shape of ventral process; shape of dorso-apical structures), T. ligulatus is the adelphotaxon of the similar T. spathulatus. Both species are reliably separated only by the shape of the aedeagus (shape of ventral process both in ventral and in lateral view; shape of dorso-apical structures).</p> <p>D i s t r i b u t i o n a n d n a t u r a l h i s t o r y: The species was collected in several localities in the Gaoligong Shan and the Nu Shan in western Yunnan. The distributions of T. ligulatus (extreme west of Yunnan) and T. spathulatus (southwestern Yunnan), its adelphotaxon, are apparently parapatric. The specimens were sifted from litter and debris in forests, on one occasion also in grassland, at altitudes of 1450-2420 m in May, June, and August. Syntopic species are T. cultellatus and T. truncatus.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A8627E257C0BAF79DEA6E726A9A3FBEF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Assing, V.	Assing, V. (2011): Trisunius gen. nov. from the southern East Palaearctic and the Oriental regions (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederinae: Medonina). Linzer biologische Beiträge 43 (1): 195-220, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4507234
A8627E257C09AF74DEA6E057AB00FDA3.text	A8627E257C09AF74DEA6E057AB00FDA3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trisunius cultellatus Assing 2011	<div><p>Trisunius cultellatus nov.sp. (Figs 17-26)</p> <p>T y p e m a t e r i a l: Holotype Ƌ: " China: Yunnan, Lincang Pref., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.0075&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.594723" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.0075/lat 23.594723)">Bangma Shan</a>, 33 km SSW Lincang, 2150 m, 23°35'41''N, 100°00'27''E, decid. forest remnant, N-slope, litter and dead wood sifted, 11.IX.2009, leg. M. Schülke [CH09-42] / Holotypus Ƌ Trisunius cultellatus sp. n. det. V. Assing 2011" (cAss). Paratypes: 10 exs. [4 teneral]: same data as holotype (OÖLL, cSch, cAss); 4♀♀ [1 teneral]: " China: Yunnan, Pu'er Pref., Ailao Shan, 37 km NW Jingdong, 24°45'12''N, 100°41'24.5''E, 2300 m, devastated forest remnant, litter &amp; dead wood sifted, 13.IX.2009, leg. M. Schülke [CH09-48]" (cSch); 6 exs. [1 teneral]: " China (Yunnan) Baoshan Pref., Gaoligong Shan, 65 km NNE Tengchong 1750 m (sec. mixed forest, overgrown stone debris, litter and moss sifted) 25°35'20''N, 98°40'21''E, 27.VIII.2009 D.W. Wrase [10]" (cSch, cAss); 4 exs. [1 teneral]: " China: Yunnan, Baoshan Pref., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.690834&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.717222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.690834/lat 27.717222)">Gaoligong Shan</a>, 65 km NNE Tengchong 1750 m, 25°35'20''N, 98°40'21''E, sec. mixed forest, overgrown stone debris, litter and moss sifted, 31.VIII.2009, leg. M. Schülke [CH09-10b]" (cSch, cAss); 6 exs. [5 macropterous]: " China (Yunnan) Baoshan Pref., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.690834&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.717222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.690834/lat 27.717222)">Gaoligong Shan</a> nr. Xiaoheishan N. R., 35 km SE Tengchong, 2110 m, 24°50'16''N, 98°45'43''E (prim. decid. forest, litter, sifted) 30. V.&amp; 4.VI.2007 D.W. Wrase [11]" (cSch, cAss); 2 exs. [1 macropterous]: " China: Yunnan [CH07-11], Baoshan Pref., Gaoligong Shan, nr. Xiaoheishan N. R., 35 km SE Tengchong, 2110 m, 24°50'16''N, 98°45'43''E, decid. forest, litter, sifted, 30.V.2007, leg. A. Pütz " (cPüt, cAss); 2 exs.: " China: Yunnan [CH07-11A], Baoshan Pref., Gaoligong Shan, nr. Xiaoheishan N. R., 35 km SE Tengchong, 2110 m, 24°50'16''N, 98°45'43''E, decid. forest, fungi, sifted, 4.VI.2007, leg. A. Pütz " (cPüt, cAss); 2 exs.: " China: Yunnan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.690834&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.717222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.690834/lat 27.717222)">Dali</a> Bai Aut. Pref., Mao Jiao Shan, E pass, 58 km NE Dali, 25°56'41''N, 100°40'05''E, 2525 m, second. mixed forest, litter, moss &amp; mushrooms sifted, 4.IX.2009, leg. M. Schülke [CH09-26]" (cSch); 1Ƌ: " China (Yunnan) Nujiang Lisu Aut. Pref., creek valley 3 km SE Gongshan, 27°43'02''N, 98°41'27''E, 1450-1500 m (litter, moss, sifted) 5.VI.2007 D.W. Wrase [20]" (cAss).</p> <p>D e s c r i p t i o n: Body length 2.7-3.6 mm. Habitus as in Fig. 17. Coloration of micropterous morph: head usually dark-reddish to reddish-brown, rarely blackish-brown; pronotum reddish to dark-brown; elytra reddish to dark-reddish; abdomen dark-brown to blackish-brown, in pale-coloured specimens distinctly contrasting with the forebody; legs and antennae reddish. Coloration of macropterous morph darker; head and pronotum dark-brown to blackish; elytra variable, dark reddish to predominantly blackish-brown with the posterior margin and the suture indistinctly reddish.</p> <p>Head as wide as long or indistinctly oblong, weakly dilated behind eyes (micropterous morph) (Fig. 18), or approximately 1.05 times as long as wide, posteriorly subparallel or even narrowed (macropterous morph) (Fig. 19); punctation fine, dense, and shallow; interstices with pronounced microreticulation, almost matt (Fig. 20). Eyes small, approximately one third as long as postocular region in dorsal view (micropterous morph), or larger and somewhat more than half as long as postocular region in dorsal view. Anterior margin of labrum with two distinct teeth on either side of median incision.</p> <p>Pronotum (Figs 18-19) 1.05-1.1 times as long as wide and approximately 0.9 times as wide as head; punctation rather fine, dense, more distinct than that of head; midline with narrow, complete or anteriorly reduced impunctate band; interstices with shallow microsculpture at least in anterior portion of pronotum (occasionally only faint traces visible), sometimes whole dorsal surface with microsculpture (Fig. 21).</p> <p>Elytra dimorphic; in micropterous morph short, approximately 0.8 times as long as pronotum and with moderately marked humeral angles (Fig. 18); in macropterous morph approximately 1.1 times as long as pronotum and with pronounced humeral angles (Fig. 19); punctation dense and fine; interstices without microsculpture. Hind wings of reduced length, rudiments slightly projecting from under the elytra when unfolded (micropterous morph), or fully developed. Metatarsomere I approximately as long as II.</p> <p>Abdomen broader than elytra, widest at segment VI; punctation fine and dense; interstices with distinct microsculpture; posterior margin of tergite VII with palisade fringe.</p> <p>Ƌ: sternite VII not distinctly modified (Fig. 23); sternite VIII with small posterior excision (Fig. 24); sternite IX as in Fig. 22); aedeagus approximately 0.45 mm long, with laterally compressed ventral process of distinctive shape (Figs 25-26).</p> <p>I n t r a s p e c i f i c v a r i a t i o n: This species is subject to a remarkable dimorphism, this dimorphism not only affecting the length of the elytra and the hind wings, but also the shape of the head and the size of the eyes. A similar phenomenon has been observed also for another paederine, Micrillus torretassoi (KOCH 1934), as well as for several other Staphylinidae such as Vulda ottomana (CAMERON 1912), and Carcinocephalus merkli (EPPELSHEIM 1883) (ASSING 2007, 2008, 2009a). The aedeagus of both morphs of T. cultellatus is identical. In all, six macropterous specimens (16 %) were examined, all of them from the same locality, where only few micropterous beetles were collected.</p> <p>E t y m o l o g y: The specific epithet is an adjective derived from the Latin noun cultellus (knife) and refers to the shape of the laterally compressed ventral process of the aedeagus.</p> <p>C o m p a r a t i v e n o t e s: This species is characterized particularly by the short elytra, the coloration, the pronounced microsculpture of the head, the presence of microsculpture on the pronotum (at least in anterior portion), and by the distinctive shape of the aedeagus.</p> <p>D i s t r i b u t i o n a n d n a t u r a l h i s t o r y: The type specimens were collected in several localities in Yunnan (Bangma Shan, the Gaoligong Shan, the Ailao Shan, and the Mao Jiao Shan) by sifting forest litter at altitudes of 1450-2525 m in May- June and August-September. Teneral specimens were observed in August and September. Syntopic species are T. spathulatus, T. ligulatus, T. schuelkei, T. iaculatus, and T. truncatus.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A8627E257C09AF74DEA6E057AB00FDA3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Assing, V.	Assing, V. (2011): Trisunius gen. nov. from the southern East Palaearctic and the Oriental regions (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederinae: Medonina). Linzer biologische Beiträge 43 (1): 195-220, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4507234
A8627E257C04AF72DEA6E60BAE3BFBED.text	A8627E257C04AF72DEA6E60BAE3BFBED.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trisunius discrepans Assing 2011	<div><p>Trisunius discrepans nov.sp. (Figs 27-33)</p> <p>T y p e m a t e r i a l: Holotype Ƌ: " China: Yunnan [CH07-03], Dali Bai Auton. Pref., Diancang Shan W Dali, 25°41'49''N, 100°06'24''E, 2970 m, sifted at rock edges and under small shrubs, 28.V.2007, M. Schülke / Holotypus Ƌ Trisunius discrepans sp.n. det. V. Assing 2011" (cAss). Paratypes: 4 exs.: same data as holotype (cSch); 11 exs.: same data, but "leg. A. Pütz" (cPüt, cAss); 6 exs. [1♀ macropterous]: " China: Yunnan, Dali Bai Auton. Pref., Diancang Shan W Dali, 25°41'52''N, 100°06'28''E, 2960 m, along path, sifted from litter, moss, flood debris, 6.IX.2009, leg. M. Schülke [CH09-31]" (cSch, cAss); 2 exs.: " China (N-Yunnan) Dali Bai Nat. Aut. Pref., Diancang Shan, 4 km W Dali old town, 2900-3000 m, 25°41.4'N, 100°06.7'E, E slope, former stone pit (in overgrown gravel, soil, plant roots) 31.VIII.2003 Wrase [20]" (cSch); 1 ex.: " China (N-Yunnan) Dali Bai Nat. Aut. Pref., Diancang Shan, 4 km W Dali old town, 2900-3000 m / 25°41.4'N, 100°06.7'E, E slope, former stone pit (in overgrown gravel, soil, plant roots, und. stones) 18.VI.2005 D.W. Wrase [12]" (cSch); 5 exs.: " China (Yunnan) Nujiang Lisu Aut. Pref., Gaoligong Shan, side valley 18 km NW Liuku, 2590 m, 25°58'10''N, 98°42'27''E (devast. prim. forest, litter sifted) 9.-10.VI.2007 D.W. Wrase [29]" (cSch, cAss); 1♀: " China: N-Yunnan [C2005- 12], Nujiang Lisu Aut. Pref., Gongshan Co., Gaoligong Shan, 2500 m, 27°45.404'N, 98°35.749'E, litter &amp; debries [sic] at snowfield sifted during rain, 19.VI.2005, M. Schülke" (cSch); 2♀♀: same data, but "[C2005-12A]... 21.VI.2005 " (cSch, cAss).</p> <p>D e s c r i p t i o n: Relatively large and mostly dark-coloured species; body length 3.2-4.0 mm. Habitus as in Fig. 27. Coloration: head and pronotum dark-brown to blackish, with the pronotum usually slightly paler than head; elytra reddish-brown to blackishbrown; abdomen blackish-brown to blackish; legs and antennae reddish; rarely whole body almost uniformly reddish.</p> <p>Head approximately as wide as long (micropterous morph) or weakly oblong (macropterous morph), weakly dilated (micropterous morph) or subparallel (macropterous morph) in dorsal view (Figs 28-29); punctation fine, dense, and shallow; interstices with very shallow to distinct microreticulation. Eyes small, approximately one third as long as postocular region in dorsal view (micropterous morph), or larger and more than half as long as postocular region in dorsal view (macropterous morph). Anterior margin of labrum with two distinct teeth on either side of median incision.</p> <p>Pronotum (Figs 28-29) approximately 1.1 times as long as wide and 0.95 times as wide as head, widest anteriorly (micropterous morph) or approximately in the middle (macropterous morph); punctation rather fine and dense; midline with narrow impunctate band; interstices in anterior, lateral, and posterior portions often with shallow traces of microsculpture, in median dorsal portion without microsculpture.</p> <p>Elytra conspicuously dimorphic; in micropterous morph very short, 0.70-0.75 times as long as pronotum, somewhat widened posteriorly, and with weakly pronounced humeral angles (Fig. 28), in macropterous morph approximately 1.2 times as long as pronotum, with subparallel lateral margins, and with pronounced humeral angles (Fig. 29); punctation dense, fine, shallow, and weakly defined; interstices without microsculpture. Hind wings completely reduced (micropterous morph), or fully developed (macropterous morph). Metatarsomere I approximately as long as II.</p> <p>Abdomen much broader (micropterous morph) or much narrower (macropterous morph) than elytra, widest at segment VI; punctation fine and dense on anterior and less dense on posterior tergites; interstices with distinct microsculpture; posterior margin of tergite VII in micropterous morph with fine, in macropterous morph with pronounced palisade fringe.</p> <p>Ƌ: sternite VII posteriorly impressed in the middle, on either side of this impression with extensive cluster of long dark setae, posterior margin weakly concave in the middle (Fig. 30); sternite VIII with moderately deep and rather broad posterior excision (Fig. 31); sternite IX as in Fig. 32; aedeagus rather large, at least approximately 0.50 mm long, with apically acute ventral process of characteristic shape and with distinctive internal structures (Fig. 33).</p> <p>I n t r a s p e c i f i c v a r i a t i o n: This species is subject to a remarkable dimorphism, this dimorphism not only affecting the length of the elytra and the hind wings, but also the shape of the head, the size of the eyes, the shape of the pronotum, and the palisade fringe at the posterior margin of the abdominal tergite VII. The only macropterous specimen examined is a female, so that the possibility that it is not conspecific with the other type specimens cannot be ruled out with absolute certainty. However, the macropterous female is similar to the micropterous morph in many external characters and it was found together with several micropterous specimens, suggesting that it refers to the same species. Moreover, the localities in the Diancang Shan and the Gaoligong Shan are separated by a considerable distance, suggesting that there is a winged morph. Finally, a similarly pronounced dimorphism was observed also in T. cultellatus.</p> <p>E t y m o l o g y: The specific epithet (Latin, present participle of the verb discrepare) alludes to the remarkable dimorphism (see above).</p> <p>C o m p a r a t i v e n o t e s: This species is characterized particularly by its relative large body size, dark coloration, the conspicuously short elytra of the micropterous morph, the very long elytra of the macropterous morph, as well as by the male primary and secondary sexual characters.</p> <p>D i s t r i b u t i o n a n d n a t u r a l h i s t o r y: Trisunius discrepans is known from several localities in the Diancang Shan and the Gaoligong Shan in western Yunnan, China. The specimens were sifted from litter, moss, and debris in forests, under shrubs, in a former stone pit, and near snowfields at altitudes of 2500-3000 m in May, June, and September. On no occasion was T. discrepans collected with other species of the genus.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A8627E257C04AF72DEA6E60BAE3BFBED	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Assing, V.	Assing, V. (2011): Trisunius gen. nov. from the southern East Palaearctic and the Oriental regions (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederinae: Medonina). Linzer biologische Beiträge 43 (1): 195-220, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4507234
A8627E257C02AF73DEA6E059A848FA74.text	A8627E257C02AF73DEA6E059A848FA74.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trisunius iaculatus Assing 2011	<div><p>Trisunius iaculatus nov.sp. (Figs 34-40)</p> <p>T y p e m a t e r i a l: Holotype Ƌ: " China: Yunnan [CH07-30], Nujiang Lisu Aut. Pref., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.1325&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.724722" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.1325/lat 25.724722)">Nu Shan</a>, 7 km NNW Coajian, 25°43'29''N, 99°07'57''E, 2420 m, second. pine forest with shrubs, litter, bark sifted, 11.VI.2007, M. Schülke / Holotypus Ƌ Trisunius iaculatus sp.n. det. V. Assing 2011" (cAss). Paratypes: 4 exs.: same data as holotype (cSch); 6 exs.: " China: Yunnan [CH07-13], Baoshan Pref., Gaoligong Shan, E pass, 36 km SE Tengchong, 2200 m, 24°49'32''N, 98°46'06''E, decid. forest, litter, wood, fungi sifted, 31.V.2007, M. Schülke " (cSch, cAss); 1 ex.: same data, but "leg. A. Pütz " (cPüt); 8 exs. [2 teneral]: " China: Yunnan, Lincang Pref., Laobie Shan, Wei Bo Shan pass, 24°08'16''N, 99°42'53''E, 2375 m, creek valley, devastated second. decid. forest, litter &amp; moss sifted, 8.IX.2009, leg. M. Schülke [CH09-35]" (cSch, cAss); 11 exs. [1 teneral]: " China: Yunnan, Lincang Pref., Wuliang Shan, old pass road, W side, 24°42'58.6''N, 10°29'52.0''E, 2200 m, small creek valley with primary forest remnant, litter &amp; debris sifted, 12.IX.2009, leg. M. Schülke [CH09-47]" (cSch, cAss); 2 exs.: " China: Yunnan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.4973&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.754555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.4973/lat 24.754555)">Lincang</a> Pref., Bangma Shan, E pass, 17 km NW Lincang, 23°57'31''N, 99°56'13''E, 2040 m, secondary pine forest, litter, dead wood &amp; mushrooms sifted, 9.IX.2009, leg. M. Schülke [CH09-36]" (cSch, cAss); 12 exs. [teneral]: " China: Yunnan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.4973&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.754555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.4973/lat 24.754555)">Lincang</a> Pref., Bangma Shan, 20 km NW Lincang, 2210 m, 23°58'25''N, 99°54'36''E, water reservoir, devast. forest with ferns, litter &amp; ferns sifted, reservoir bank, 9.IX.2009, leg. M. Schülke [CH09-37]" (cSch, cAss); 1♀: " China: Yunnan, Pu'er Pref., Ailao Shan, 37 km NW Jingdong, 24°45'12''N, 100°41'24.5''E, 2300 m, devastated forest remnant, litter &amp; dead wood sifted, 13.IX.2009, leg. M. Schülke [CH09-48]" (cSch); 3 exs. [1 teneral]: " China: Yunnan, Baoshan Pref., Gaoligong Shan, 78 km N Tengchong, 2000 m, 25°44'49''N, 98°33'29''E, cleft with creek and forest remnant, litter &amp; dead wood sifted, 1.IX.2009, leg. M. Schülke [CH09-21]" (cSch, cAss); 2 exs.: " China: Yunnan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.4973&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.754555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.4973/lat 24.754555)">Lincang</a> /Dali Pref., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.4973&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.754555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.4973/lat 24.754555)">Wuliang Shan</a>, old pass road, N pass, 24°45'16.4''N, 100°29'50.3''E, 2350 m, forest remnant &amp; tea plantation litter, mushrooms, grass sifted, 16.IX.2009, leg. M. Schülke [CH09-55]" (cSch, cAss).</p> <p>D e s c r i p t i o n: Body length 3.0- 3.5 mm. Habitus as in Fig. 34. Coloration variable: head (except for the yellowish to reddish-yellow frons) and pronotum reddish to dark-brown; elytra brown to dark-brown, usually at the suture and the humeral angles more or less extensively yellowish, occasionally of uniform coloration; abdomen blackish-brown; legs and antennae reddish.</p> <p>Head (Fig. 35) approximately as broad as long; punctation fine and moderately dense; interstices with distinct microsculpture. Eyes approximately half as long as postocular region in dorsal view, or slightly shorter. Anterior margin of labrum with two teeth on either side of median incision (Fig. 36), external teeth sometimes very small.</p> <p>Pronotum (Fig. 35) approximately 1.05 times as long as wide and 0.90-0.95 times as wide as head; punctation less fine and more distinct than that of head; midline with narrow impunctate band; interstices with microsculpture at least in anterior, lateral, and posterior portions, median dorsal portion often without microsculpture.</p> <p>Elytra 1.05-1.15 times as long as pronotum (Fig. 35); humeral angles marked; punctation dense and shallow, less distinct than that of pronotum; interstices without microsculpture. Hind wings fully developed. Metatarsomere I approximately as long as II.</p> <p>Abdomen slightly narrower than elytra, widest at segment VI; punctation fine and moderately dense; interstices with distinct microsculpture; posterior margin of tergite VII with palisade fringe.</p> <p>Ƌ: sternite VII not distinctly modified (Fig. 37); sternite VIII with small posterior excision (Fig. 38); aedeagus approximately 0.45 mm long; ventral process of distinctive shape, in lateral view slender and apically very acute, in ventral view spear-shaped and apically acute (Fig. 39-40).</p> <p>E t y m o l o g y: The specific epithet is derived from the Latin noun iaculum (spear) and refers to the shape of the ventral process of the aedeagus in ventral view.</p> <p>C o m p a r a t i v e n o t e s: This species is characterized particularly by the conspicuous shape of the aedeagus, as well as by the coloration of the elytra and the relatively long elytra.</p> <p>D i s t r i b u t i o n a n d n a t u r a l h i s t o r y: The known distribution of T. iaculatus includes the Nu Shan, Gaoligong Shan, Laobie Shan, Wulian Shan, Bangma Shan, and Ailao Shan in western Yunnan, China. The type specimens were sifted from the leaf litter in various forest habitats at altitudes of 2000-2400 m in May, June, and September. Several specimens collected in September are teneral. Syntopic species are T. truncatus, T. spathulatus, and T. ligulatus.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A8627E257C02AF73DEA6E059A848FA74	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Assing, V.	Assing, V. (2011): Trisunius gen. nov. from the southern East Palaearctic and the Oriental regions (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederinae: Medonina). Linzer biologische Beiträge 43 (1): 195-220, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4507234
A8627E257C00AF6EDEA6E0CBA96FFCE6.text	A8627E257C00AF6EDEA6E0CBA96FFCE6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trisunius schuelkei Assing 2011	<div><p>Trisunius schuelkei nov.sp. (Figs 41-45)</p> <p>T y p e m a t e r i a l: Holotype Ƌ: " China: Yunnan, Lincang Pref., Bangma Shan, 33 km SSW Lincang, 2150 m, 23°35'41''N, 100°00'27''E, decid. forest remnant, N-slope, litter and dead wood sifted, 11.IX.2009, leg. M. Schülke [CH 09-42] / Holotypus Ƌ Trisunius schuelkei sp.n. det. V. Assing 2011" (cAss). Paratypes: 8 exs. [4 slightly teneral]: same data as holotype (cSch, cAss).</p> <p>D e s c r i p t i o n: Body length 2.7-3.2 mm. Habitus as in Fig. 41. Coloration: head reddish-brown; pronotum reddish; elytra dark-brown, with the anterior and posterior margins yellowish; abdomen blackish-brown; legs and antennae reddish.</p> <p>Head (Fig. 42) weakly oblong, approximately 1.05 times as long as wide; punctation fine and moderately dense; interstices with fine, but distinct microsculpture. Eyes approximately half as long as postocular region in dorsal view. Anterior margin of labrum with two distinct teeth on either side of median incision.</p> <p>Pronotum (Fig. 42) approximately 1.1 times as long as wide and 0.95 times as wide as head; punctation less fine and more distinct than that of head; midline with narrow impunctate band; interstices without microsculpture.</p> <p>Elytra approximately 1.05 times as long as pronotum; humeral angles marked (Fig. 42); punctation dense and shallow, less distinct than that of pronotum; interstices without microsculpture. Hind wings fully developed. Metatarsomere I approximately as long as II.</p> <p>Abdomen narrower than elytra, widest at segment VI; punctation fine and moderately dense; interstices with distinct microsculpture; posterior margin of tergite VII with palisade fringe.</p> <p>Ƌ: sternite VII with a few long dark setae posteriorly and with weakly concave posterior margin, otherwise unmodified (Fig. 43); sternite VIII with moderately deep and rather narrow V-shaped excision (Fig. 44); aedeagus approximately 0.45 mm long; ventral process of distinctive shape in lateral view (Fig. 45).</p> <p>E t y m o l o g y: The species is dedicated to my friend and colleague Michael Schülke, who collected the types of this species, as well as a large proportion of the material of other species treated in the present paper.</p> <p>C o m p a r a t i v e n o t e s: This species is characterized particularly by the conspicuous shape of the aedeagus, as well as by the coloration and the relatively long elytra.</p> <p>D i s t r i b u t i o n a n d n a t u r a l h i s t o r y: This species is known only from the type locality in the Bangma Shan in western Yunnan, China. The five type specimens, four of them teneral, were collected in a deciduous forest remnant at an altitude of 2150 m. Syntopic species are T. spathulatus and T. cultellatus.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A8627E257C00AF6EDEA6E0CBA96FFCE6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Assing, V.	Assing, V. (2011): Trisunius gen. nov. from the southern East Palaearctic and the Oriental regions (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederinae: Medonina). Linzer biologische Beiträge 43 (1): 195-220, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4507234
A8627E257C1EAF6FDEA6E74FABAEFCA1.text	A8627E257C1EAF6FDEA6E74FABAEFCA1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trisunius truncatus Assing 2011	<div><p>Trisunius truncatus nov.sp. (Figs 46-51)</p> <p>T y p e m a t e r i a l: Holotype Ƌ: " China (Yunnan) Nujiang Lisu Aut. Pref., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.1325&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.724722" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.1325/lat 25.724722)">Nu Shan</a>, 7 km NNW Coajian, 2420 m, 25°43'29''N, 99°07'57''E (second. pine forest with shrubs, litter, moss sifted) 11.VI.2007 D.W. Wrase [30] / Holotypus Ƌ Trisunius truncatus sp.n. det. V. Assing 2011" (cAss). Paratypes: 11 exs.: same data as holotype (cSch, cAss); 16 exs.: " China: Yunnan [CH07- 30], Nujiang Lisu Aut. Pref., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.690834&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.717222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.690834/lat 27.717222)">Nu Shan</a>, 7 km NNW Coajian, 25°43'29''N, 99°07'57''E, 2420 m, second. pine forest with shrubs, litter, bark sifted, 11.VI.2007, M. Schülke " (cSch, cAss); 5 exs.: same data, but "leg. A. Pütz " (cPüt, cAss); 2 exs.: " China: Yunnan, Lincang Pref., Laobie Shan, Wei Bo Shan pass, 24°08'16''N, 99°42'53''E, 2375 m, creek valley, devastated second. decid. forest, litter &amp; moss sifted, 8.IX.2009, leg. M. Schülke [CH09-35]" (cSch, cAss); 1♀: " China: Yunnan [CH07-20], Nujiang Lisu Aut. Pref., creek valley 3 km SE Gongshan, 1450-1500 m, 27°43'02''N, 98°41'27''E, litter, moss, sifted, 5.VI.2007, leg. A. Pütz " (cPüt).</p> <p>D e s c r i p t i o n: Body length 2.8-3.5 mm. Habitus as in Fig. 46. Coloration: head, pronotum, and abdomen blackish-brown to blackish; elytra blackish-brown to blackish, with the posterior margin and usually also the posterior sutural portion yellowish; legs and antennae reddish.</p> <p>Head (Fig. 47) weakly oblong, approximately 1.05 times as long as wide; punctation fine and dense, barely noticeable in the pronounced microsculpture. Eyes somewhat more than half as long as postocular region in dorsal view. Anterior margin of labrum with two distinct teeth on either side of median incision.</p> <p>Pronotum (Fig. 47) 1.05-1.10 times as long as wide and approximately 0.95 times as wide as head; punctation less fine and more distinct than that of head; midline with narrow impunctate band; interstices without distinct microsculpture.</p> <p>Elytra approximately as long as pronotum; humeral angles marked (Fig. 47); punctation dense and shallow, less distinct than that of pronotum; interstices without microsculpture. Hind wings fully developed. Metatarsomere I approximately as long as II.</p> <p>Abdomen approximately as wide as elytra, widest at segment VI; punctation fine and moderately dense; interstices with pronounced microsculpture; posterior margin of tergite VII with palisade fringe.</p> <p>Ƌ: sternite VII in posterior median portion weakly impressed, on either side of this impression with moderately evident and not very extensive cluster of long setae (Fig. 48); sternite VIII with moderately deep and rather narrow V-shaped excision, midline without pubescence (Fig. 49); aedeagus small, little more than 0.30 mm long; ventral process short, apically truncate, apical margin concave in ventral view (Figs 50-51).</p> <p>E t y m o l o g y: The specific epithet (Latin, adjective) refers to the short ventral process of the aedeagus.</p> <p>C o m p a r a t i v e n o t e s: This species is characterized particularly by the small and conspicuously shaped aedeagus, as well as by the coloration of the moderately long elytra, and the strongly microsculptured and finely punctate head.</p> <p>D i s t r i b u t i o n a n d n a t u r a l h i s t o r y: Trisunius truncatus is known only from three localities in the Nu Shan, the Laobie Shan, and the Gaoligong Shan in the west of the Chinese province Yunnan. The specimens were collected from forest litter at altitudes of 1450-2420 m in June and September. Syntopic species are T. ligulatus and T. iaculatus.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A8627E257C1EAF6FDEA6E74FABAEFCA1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Assing, V.	Assing, V. (2011): Trisunius gen. nov. from the southern East Palaearctic and the Oriental regions (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederinae: Medonina). Linzer biologische Beiträge 43 (1): 195-220, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4507234
A8627E257C1FAF6DDEA6E70DA9F4FE0B.text	A8627E257C1FAF6DDEA6E70DA9F4FE0B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trisunius appendiculatus Assing 2011	<div><p>Trisunius appendiculatus nov.sp. (Figs 52-56)</p> <p>T y p e m a t e r i a l: Holotype Ƌ: " China: Yunnan, Baoshan Pref., Gaoligong Shan, W Pass 35 km SE Tengchong, 2100 m, 24°50'18''N, 98°45'43''E, devast. prim. dec. forest, litter, wood, mushrooms sifted, 25.VIII.2009, leg. M. Schülke [CH 09-06] / Holotypus Ƌ Trisunius appendiculatus sp.n. det. V. Assing 2011" (cAss). Paratype: 1Ƌ: same data as holotype (cSch).</p> <p>D e s c r i p t i o n: Body length 3.0- 3.2 mm. Habitus as in Fig. 52. Coloration: head and pronotum dark-brown; elytra blackish-brown, with the anterior and posterior margins broadly reddish-yellow; abdomen blackish, with the posterior margins of segments VII and VIII yellowish.</p> <p>Head (Fig. 53) 1.05-1.10 times as long as wide; punctation fine and moderately dense, in anterior half with pair of larger punctures; interstices without microsculpture and distinctly glossy. Eyes distinctly convex and distinctly more than half as long as postocular region in dorsal view. Anterior margin of labrum with two rather small teeth on either side of median incision.</p> <p>Pronotum (Fig. 53) 1.05-1.10 times as long as wide and approximately 0.95 times as wide as head; punctation less fine, less dense, and more distinct than that of head; midline with narrow impunctate band; interstices without microsculpture.</p> <p>Elytra long and large, approximately 1.15 times as long as, and much broader than pronotum; humeral angles marked; lateral margins convex (Fig. 53); punctation dense and shallow, weakly defined; interstices without microsculpture. Hind wings fully developed. Metatarsomere I approximately as long as II.</p> <p>Abdomen narrower than elytra, widest at segment VI; punctation fine and moderately dense; interstices with pronounced microsculpture; posterior margin of tergite VII with palisade fringe.</p> <p>E t y m o l o g y: The specific epithet is an adjective derived from the Latin noun appendix and refers to the small process at the apex of the ventral process of the aedeagus.</p> <p>C o m p a r a t i v e n o t e s: This species is readily distinguished from its congeners by the conspicuous shape of the small aedeagus, from all the species known from China also by the glossy head and the coloration of the long and large elytra.</p> <p>D i s t r i b u t i o n a n d n a t u r a l h i s t o r y: Trisunius appendiculatus is known only from a single locality in the Gaoligong Shan in western Yunnan, China. The two type specimens were sifted from litter in a degraded primary deciduous forest at an altitude of 2100 m in August. Trisunius ligulatus was found in the same locality.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A8627E257C1FAF6DDEA6E70DA9F4FE0B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Assing, V.	Assing, V. (2011): Trisunius gen. nov. from the southern East Palaearctic and the Oriental regions (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederinae: Medonina). Linzer biologische Beiträge 43 (1): 195-220, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4507234
A8627E257C1DAF68DEA6E5F3A936FE28.text	A8627E257C1DAF68DEA6E5F3A936FE28.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trisunius monticola (Cameron 1931) Assing 2011	<div><p>Trisunius monticola (CAMERON 1931), nov.comb. (Figs 57-66)</p> <p>Medon monticola CAMERON 1931: 143 f.</p> <p>Sunius monticola: SMETANA (2004).</p> <p>T y p e m a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d Lectotype Ƌ, present designation: "Chakrata Dist. Sijla Gad, 5000 / Dr. Cameron. 12.V.22. / M.Cameron Bequest B.M. 1955-147. / Syntype / Syntype Medon monticola Cameron, 1931, det. R.G. Booth 2010 / Lectotypus Ƌ Medon monticola Cameron, desig. V. Assing 2010 / Trisunius monticola (Cameron), det. V. Assing 2010" (BMNH). Paralectotype Ƌ: same data as lectotype (BMNH).</p> <p>C o m m e n t: The original description of Medon monticola is based on an unspecified number of syntypes from "Chakrata district: Sijla Gad; Majgaon, alt. 6000 to 6500 feet " (CAMERON 1931). Two male syntypes from the former locality were examined; one of them is designated as the lectotype. The species is listed in the recent Palaearctic catalogue (SMETANA 2004) in Sunius, probably because CAMERON (1931) compared it with Medon gratus and Sunius melanocephalus.</p> <p>An examination of the type material of Medon monticola CAMERON 1931 revealed that it is congeneric neither with the type species of Sunius, S. melanocephalus, nor with true Medon species. Based on the shapes of the ligula, the labrum, and the maxillary palpi, as well as other characters such as the morphology of the tarsi and the male sexual characters, the species belongs to Trisunius.</p> <p>R e d e s c r i p t i o n: Small species; body length 3.2-3.6 mm. Habitus as in Fig. 57. Coloration: head dark-brown; pronotum and elytra reddish to reddish-brown; abdomen reddish-brown to brown; legs and antennae reddish-yellow to reddish.</p> <p>Head (Fig. 58) approximately 1.05 times as long as broad; lateral margins subparallel in dorsal view; posterior angles rounded, but noticeable; punctation fine and dense; interstices with shallow microreticulation (Fig. 59). Eyes moderately large and weakly convex, distinctly shorter than - but more than half as long as - postocular portion in dorsal view. Labium as in Figs 60-61.</p> <p>Pronotum (Fig. 58) 1.05-1.10 times as long as broad and slightly narrower than head, weakly tapering posteriad; posterior angles weakly marked; punctation similar to that of head; interstices without microsculpture (Fig. 62); punctation of midline similar to that of lateral portions.</p> <p>Elytra 1.05-1.10 times as long and approximately 1.2 times as wide as pronotum (Fig. 58); punctation very dense, approximately as fine as that of pronotum. Hind wings apparently fully developed.</p> <p>Abdomen widest at segment VI; punctation fine, denser on anterior than on posterior tergites; posterior margin of tergite VII with palisade fringe.</p> <p>Ƌ: posterior margin of sternite VII weakly concave in the middle (Fig. 63); posterior margin of sternite VIII with moderately deep and almost V-shaped median incision (Fig. 64); aedeagus as in Figs 65-66.</p> <p>C o m p a r a t i v e n o t e s: Trisunius monticola is currently the only representative of the genus known from northern India. It is readily distinguished from its congeners particularly by the morphology of the aedeagus.</p> <p>D i s t r i b u t i o n a n d n a t u r a l h i s t o r y: Trisunius monticola has become known only from two localities in Uttaranchal, northern India. The type specimens were collected at altitudes of 1800-2000 m (CAMERON 1931).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A8627E257C1DAF68DEA6E5F3A936FE28	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Assing, V.	Assing, V. (2011): Trisunius gen. nov. from the southern East Palaearctic and the Oriental regions (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederinae: Medonina). Linzer biologische Beiträge 43 (1): 195-220, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4507234
A8627E257C18AF69DEA6E595AE14FE88.text	A8627E257C18AF69DEA6E595AE14FE88.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trisunius thaicus Assing 2011	<div><p>Trisunius thaicus nov.sp. (Figs 67-80)</p> <p>T y p e m a t e r i a l: Holotype Ƌ: "N-Thailand, Chiang Mai, Do Inthanon, Do Pui, 1100- 1500 m NN, 10.11.1995, P. Wunderle / Holotypus Ƌ Trisunius thaicus sp.n. det. V. Assing 2010" (cAss). Paratypes: 2ƋƋ, 2♀♀, 1 ex. without abdomen: same data as holotype (cWun, cAss); 1♀: " Nordthailand: 1.1.1995, Prov: Chiang Mai, 10 km E. Mae Chaem, Doi Inthanon N. P., 1000 mH, Leg. Schulz &amp; Vock" (cAss); 3♀♀: " Thailand, C.M. Doi Pui,:III:1987, Rougemont" (cRou).</p> <p>D e s c r i p t i o n: Body length 2.8-3.2 mm. Habitus as in Fig. 67. Coloration: body reddish, with the abdomen slightly darker; legs dark-yellowish; antennae pale reddish.</p> <p>Head (Fig. 68) approximately as long as wide; punctation coarse and moderately dense, median dorsal portion impunctate; interstices without microsculpture (Fig. 69). Eyes slightly longer than half the length of postocular region in dorsal view. Mouthparts: maxillary palpomere III somewhat flattened and strongly dilated (Fig. 73); anterior margin of labrum with the external tooth-like process relatively short (Fig. 70); mandibles as in Fig. 71-72, right mandible with three teeth; labial palpi as in Fig. 74.</p> <p>Pronotum (Fig. 68) weakly oblong, approximately 1.05 times as long as wide and about 0.95 times as wide as head; punctation similar to that of head, on either side of the broadly impunctate midline forming a series of approximately 15 punctures; interstices without microsculpture (Fig. 75).</p> <p>Elytra long, approximately 1.05-1.10 times as long and 1.25 times as broad as pronotum, not distinctly widened posteriad; humeral angles marked (Fig. 68); punctation moderately dense, finer than that of head and pronotum; interstices without microsculpture. Hind wings fully developed.</p> <p>Abdomen approximately as wide as elytra; punctation fine and dense on tergites III-VI, sparser on tergites VII-VIII; interstices with shallow, more or less isodiametric microsculpture (Fig. 76); posterior margin of tergite VII with palisade fringe.</p> <p>Ƌ: sternite VII posteriorly with cluster of relatively long setae on either side of middle, posterior margin weakly concave in the middle (Fig. 77); sternite VIII with very narrow and acute posterior excision of approximately 1/5 the length of sternite, posterior margin and posterior median portion impunctate and without pubescence (Fig. 78); aedeagus as in Figs 79-80.</p> <p>E t y m o l o g y: The specific epithet is a latinized adjective derived from Thai, the people living in Thailand.</p> <p>C o m p a r a t i v e n o t e s: This species is distinguished from all its congeners by by the conspicuous morphology of the aedeagus, the paler coloration, the shape and chaetotaxy of the male sternite VIII, and additionally from all of them, except T. appeniculatus, by the absence of microsculpture on the dorsal and the ventral surface of the head.</p> <p>D i s t r i b u t i o n a n d n a t u r a l h i s t o r y: Trisunius thaicus is known only from two localities in northern Thailand. The specimens from the type locality were collected at an altitude of 1100-1500 m in November, those from Doi Pui in March.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A8627E257C18AF69DEA6E595AE14FE88	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Assing, V.	Assing, V. (2011): Trisunius gen. nov. from the southern East Palaearctic and the Oriental regions (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederinae: Medonina). Linzer biologische Beiträge 43 (1): 195-220, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4507234
A8627E257C19AF66DFDFE546AE29FDFB.text	A8627E257C19AF66DFDFE546AE29FDFB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trisunius Assing 2011	<div><p>Key to the species of Trisunius</p> <p>1 Head glossy, without trace of microsculpture.....................................................................2</p> <p>- Head with microsculpture...................................................................................................3</p> <p>2 Body of more or less uniformly reddish-yellow coloration. Ƌ: sternite VII as in Fig. 77; posterior excision of sternite VIII small and narrow (Fig. 78); ventral process of aedeagus slender and apically very acute both in lateral and in ventral view (Figs 79- 80). Thailand............................................................................................. T. thaicus nov.sp.</p> <p>- Head, pronotum, and abdomen dark-brown to blackish; elytra bicoloured, dark-brown to blackish-brown with the anterior and the posterior margins broadly reddish. Ƌ: sternite VII as in Fig. 54; posterior excision of sternite VIII broader and deeper (Fig. 55); aedeagus of completely different shape (Fig 56). China: Yunnan...................................................................................................................................... T. appendiculatus nov.sp.</p> <p>3 Species from northern India. Ƌ: sternite VII weakly modified (Fig. 63); sternite VIII with moderately deep and almost V-shaped posterior excision (Fig. 64); aedeagus small, approximately 0.3 mm long, and of distinctive shape (Figs 65-66). India: Uttaranchal.................................................................................... T. monticola (CAMERON)</p> <p>- Species from Yunnan, China. Ƌ: primary and secondary sexual characters different........4</p> <p>4 Elytra usually conspicuously short (Fig. 28), 0.70-0.75 times as long as pronotum and somewhat dilated posteriad (micropterous morph), rarely very long (Fig. 29) and approximately 1.2 times as long as pronotum (macropterous morph). Relatively large (3.2-4.0 mm) and dark-coloured species; body usually brown to blackish-brown; elytra of uniform coloration. Ƌ: sternites VII and VIII as in Figs 30-31; aedeagus approximately 0.5 mm long and of distinctive shape (Fig. 33)........... T. discrepans nov.sp.</p> <p>- Elytra in micropterous specimens at least approximately 0.8 times as long as pronotum and not distinctly dilated posteriad. On average smaller and often differently coloured species. Ƌ: secondary sexual characters different; aedeagus smaller and of different shape...................................................................................................................................5</p> <p>5 Elytra usually bicoloured, dark-brown to blackish-brown with the posterior margin and/or the sutural portion reddish........................................................................................6</p> <p>- Elytra of uniform coloration................................................................................................8</p> <p>6 Elytra with the posterior sutural portion more or less distinctly reddish; posterior margin not - or only narrowly - reddish. Elytra long, 1.05-1.15 times as long as pronotum (Fig. 35). Ƌ: sternite VII very weakly modified (Fig. 37); posterior excision of sternite VII very small (Fig. 38); ventral process of aedeagus apically very acute, slender in lateral view and spear-shaped in ventral view (Figs 39-40)................................................................................................................................................ T. iaculatus nov.sp.</p> <p>- Elytra with the posterior margin broadly reddish. Elytra shorter, 0.95-1.05 times as long as pronotum. Ƌ: primary and secondary sexual characters different..........................7</p> <p>7 Head and pronotum reddish to reddish-brown. Ƌ: sternite VII very weakly modified (Fig. 43); posterior excision of sternite VIII narrow and not very deep (Fig. 44); aedeagus approximately 0.45 mm long and of distinctive shape (Fig. 45). Recorded only from Bangma Shan........................................................................ T. schuelkei nov.sp.</p> <p>- Head and pronotum dark-brown to blackish-brown. Ƌ: sternite VII impressed in posterior median portion, on either side of this impression with extensive cluster of long setae, posterior margin concave in the middle (Fig. 48); sternite VIII without pubescence along middle, posterior excision rather deep and V-shaped (Fig. 49); aedeagus small, only approximately 0.3 mm long and of distinctive shape (Figs 50-51)................................................................................................................... T. truncatus nov.sp. 8 Elytra usually short (Fig. 18) and approximately 0.8 times as long as pronotum (micropterous morph), rarely very long (Fig. 19) and approximately 1.1 times as long as pronotum (macropterous morph). Pronotum usually more or less distinctly microsculptured (Fig. 21). Ƌ: sternite VII weakly modified (Fig. 23); posterior excision of sternite VIII small (Fig. 24); aedaegus of distinctive shape, ventral process laterally compressed (Figs 25-26)....................................................... T. cultellatus nov.sp.</p> <p>- Elytra in submacropterous morph longer (Figs 2, 12), 0.8-0.9 mm as long as pronotum, and in macropterous morph shorter (Fig. 11), 0.95-1.0 times as long as pronotum. Pronotum glossy, without microsculpture. Ƌ: sternite VII distinctly modified, with pronounced clusters of long setae (Figs 6, 13); posterior excision of sternite VIII deep and V-shaped (Figs 7, 14); ventral process of aedeagus of completely different shape, not compressed laterally......................................................................................................9</p> <p>9 Ƌ: ventral process of aedeagus straight in lateral view and apically somewhat truncate in ventral view (Figs 8-9)................................................................... T. spathulatus nov.sp.</p> <p>- Ƌ: ventral process of aedeagus sinuate in lateral view and apically rounded in ventral view (Figs 15-16)................................................................................... T. ligulatus nov.sp.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A8627E257C19AF66DFDFE546AE29FDFB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Assing, V.	Assing, V. (2011): Trisunius gen. nov. from the southern East Palaearctic and the Oriental regions (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederinae: Medonina). Linzer biologische Beiträge 43 (1): 195-220, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4507234
