identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
A82F87957F03FFF1FF3E5AD1FCE8FB71.text	A82F87957F03FFF1FF3E5AD1FCE8FB71.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hyalesthes mlokosiewiczi Signoret 1879	<div><p>Hyalesthes mlokosiewiczi Signoret, 1879 (Figs 1 and 12a–b)</p><p>Recorded damage and economic importance in the orchards of Iran: Mild and unknown. Recorded from leaves and branches of grapevine, fig and walnut (Farahbakhsh 1961).</p><p>Recorded damage in the orchards of other parts of the world: Not recorded.</p><p>Recorded distribution in Iran: North, northwest, southern slopes of Alborz and southwest (Mozaffarian &amp; Wilson 2011).</p><p>Conclusion: Pest status of the species needs to be studied.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A82F87957F03FFF1FF3E5AD1FCE8FB71	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mozaffarian, Fariba	Mozaffarian, Fariba (2018): An Identification key to the species of Auchenorrhyncha of Iranian fauna recorded as pests in orchards and a review on the pest status of the species. Zootaxa 4420 (4): 475-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4420.4.2
A82F87957F03FFF1FF3E5DB1FCC7FA35.text	A82F87957F03FFF1FF3E5DB1FCC7FA35.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hyalesthes obsoletus Signoret 1865	<div><p>Hyalesthes obsoletus Signoret, 1865 (Figs 2 and 13a–b)</p><p>Recorded damage and economic importance in the orchards of Iran: Not recorded.</p><p>Recorded damage in the orchards of other parts of the world: Vector for Bois noir disease in grape, and tested positive for Aster yellows (AY) in western Palaearctic (Wilson &amp; O’Brien 1987; Alma 2002; Batlle et al. 2000; Orenstein et al. 2003; Wilson 2005; Weintraub &amp; Beanland 2006; Bertin et al. 2010a; Landi et al. 2013).</p><p>Recorded distribution in Iran: Northeast, north, northwest, south slope of Alborz, west and southwest (Mozaffarian &amp; Wilson 2011).</p><p>Conclusion: Pest and vector status need to be studied in Iran.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A82F87957F03FFF1FF3E5DB1FCC7FA35	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mozaffarian, Fariba	Mozaffarian, Fariba (2018): An Identification key to the species of Auchenorrhyncha of Iranian fauna recorded as pests in orchards and a review on the pest status of the species. Zootaxa 4420 (4): 475-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4420.4.2
A82F87957F03FFF1FF3E5F6AFECAF869.text	A82F87957F03FFF1FF3E5F6AFECAF869.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Reptalus quinquecostatus (Dufour 1833)	<div><p>Reptalus quinquecostatus (Dufour, 1833) (Figs 3 and 14a–c)</p><p>Recorded damage and economic importance in the orchards of Iran: The species was not recorded as pest on the Iranian fruit trees. However, it has been recorded as pest with mild economic importance on leaves of Salix spp. (Abaii 2000).</p><p>Recorded damage in the orchards of other parts of the world: The species was reported to have a potential role as a vector for phytoplasma: positive to phytoplasma of Bois noir in grapevine and a potential vector in Serbian vineyards, with the ability of transmitting the stobur phytoplasma in artificial condition and an important vector of stolbur phytoplasma in potatoes in Romania and Southern Russia (Bertin et al. 2010b, Cvrkovic et al. 2011, Pinzauti et al. 2008).</p><p>Recorded distribution in Iran: North (Mozaffarian &amp; Wilson 2011).</p><p>Conclusion: Due to the records in other parts of the world, status as a potential phytoplasma vector in Iran needs to be studied.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A82F87957F03FFF1FF3E5F6AFECAF869	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mozaffarian, Fariba	Mozaffarian, Fariba (2018): An Identification key to the species of Auchenorrhyncha of Iranian fauna recorded as pests in orchards and a review on the pest status of the species. Zootaxa 4420 (4): 475-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4420.4.2
A82F87957F01FFF3FF3E5F60FCB6F8E2.text	A82F87957F01FFF3FF3E5F60FCB6F8E2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dictyophara (Dictyophara) europaea (Linnaeus 1767)	<div><p>Dictyophara (Dictyophara) europaea (Linnaeus, 1767) (Fig. 5)</p><p>Recorded damage and economic importance in the orchards of Iran: Not recorded.</p><p>Recorded damage in the orchards of other parts of the world: The species is considered as a candidate vector of phytoplasmas (Bois noir) to grapevine in Serbian vineyards and other parts of the world. Although it is able to transmit phytoplasmas, it is not considered a major vector in grapevines (Lessio &amp; Alma 2008; Filippin et al. 2009; Cvrkovic et al. 2011).</p><p>Recorded distribution in Iran: North, northwest, centre and southwest (Mozaffarian &amp; Wilson 2016).</p><p>Conclusion: Pest status in Iran needs to be studied.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A82F87957F01FFF3FF3E5F60FCB6F8E2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mozaffarian, Fariba	Mozaffarian, Fariba (2018): An Identification key to the species of Auchenorrhyncha of Iranian fauna recorded as pests in orchards and a review on the pest status of the species. Zootaxa 4420 (4): 475-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4420.4.2
A82F87957F01FFF3FF3E5D04FDB4FA5E.text	A82F87957F01FFF3FF3E5D04FDB4FA5E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Laodelphax striatellus (Fallen 1826)	<div><p>Laodelphax striatellus (Fallén, 1826) (Figs 4 and 15a–b)</p><p>Recorded damage and economic importance in the orchards of Iran: Not recorded.</p><p>Recorded damage in the orchards of other parts of the world: It is recorded as a potential vector for Bois noir/ Stolbur phytoplasma. The species tested positive to Aster yellows in vineyards in the Czech Republic (Batlle et al. 2000; Orsagova et al. 2011).</p><p>Recorded distribution in Iran: Nearly all of Iran (Mozaffarian &amp; Wilson 2011).</p><p>Conclusion: The species is widely distributed in Iran. Due to the records of its vector status elsewhere, it needs to be investigated in Iran as well.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A82F87957F01FFF3FF3E5D04FDB4FA5E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mozaffarian, Fariba	Mozaffarian, Fariba (2018): An Identification key to the species of Auchenorrhyncha of Iranian fauna recorded as pests in orchards and a review on the pest status of the species. Zootaxa 4420 (4): 475-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4420.4.2
A82F87957F0EFFFCFF3E5B84FBDFFC16.text	A82F87957F0EFFFCFF3E5B84FBDFFC16.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Iranodus amygdalinus Dlabola 1980	<div><p>Iranodus amygdalinus Dlabola, 1980 (Fig. 8)</p><p>Recorded damage and economic importance in the orchards of Iran: Causing mild economic damage on leaves of almond (Rajabi 1991).</p><p>Recorded damage in the orchards of other parts of the world: Not recorded.</p><p>Recorded distribution in Iran: South, southeast and southwest (Mozaffarian &amp; Wilson 2011).</p><p>Conclusion: The species is endemic to Iran and its pest status needs to be studied.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A82F87957F0EFFFCFF3E5B84FBDFFC16	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mozaffarian, Fariba	Mozaffarian, Fariba (2018): An Identification key to the species of Auchenorrhyncha of Iranian fauna recorded as pests in orchards and a review on the pest status of the species. Zootaxa 4420 (4): 475-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4420.4.2
A82F87957F0EFFFCFF3E5D1FFB80F99F.text	A82F87957F0EFFFCFF3E5D1FFB80F99F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Orosanga japonicus Melichar 1898	<div><p>Orosanga japonicus Melichar, 1898 (Figs 9 and 18a–b)</p><p>Recorded damage and economic importance in the orchards of Iran: This is the first record of this species in Iran. It was first collected in the north of the country (Mazandaran province, 7♂, 1♂, and 47 nymphs) in 2010. During 2013, 2015 and 2016 many specimens were collected among large populations on Kiwi fruit and fig in other localities in the north. The large populations of the nymphs and adults along with the damage caused by their direct feeding and anecdotal reports of heavy deposits of “honey dew” on leaves, suggest the potential for economic damage but its pest status remains unknown.</p><p>Recorded damage in the orchards of other parts of the world: The species has been recorded on grapevine and fig in Turkey and as an agricultural pest in Ukraine and Georgia (Demir 2009; Gjonov 2011; Gjonov &amp; Shishinova 2014).</p><p>Recorded distribution in Iran: North, along the shores of Caspian Sea.</p><p>Conclusion: Given the recent discovery of large populations of the species in the north of Iran and its recorded pest status in adjacent countries, the species may be considered invasive. The economic damage made by the species and the necessity of using control methods need to be investigated urgently.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A82F87957F0EFFFCFF3E5D1FFB80F99F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mozaffarian, Fariba	Mozaffarian, Fariba (2018): An Identification key to the species of Auchenorrhyncha of Iranian fauna recorded as pests in orchards and a review on the pest status of the species. Zootaxa 4420 (4): 475-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4420.4.2
A82F87957F0EFFFCFF3E58EAFBDFFDB1.text	A82F87957F0EFFFCFF3E58EAFBDFFDB1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Persepolia columbaria Dlabola & Safavi 1972	<div><p>Persepolia columbaria Dlabola &amp; Safavi, 1972 (Figs 7a–b and 17a–c)</p><p>Recorded damage and economic importance in the orchards of Iran: Causing mild economic damage on leaves of almond (Rajabi 1991).</p><p>Recorded damage in the orchards of other parts of the world: Not recorded.</p><p>Recorded distribution in Iran: Southwest (Mozaffarian &amp; Wilson 2011).</p><p>Conclusion: The species is endemic to Iran and its pest status needs to be studied.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A82F87957F0EFFFCFF3E58EAFBDFFDB1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mozaffarian, Fariba	Mozaffarian, Fariba (2018): An Identification key to the species of Auchenorrhyncha of Iranian fauna recorded as pests in orchards and a review on the pest status of the species. Zootaxa 4420 (4): 475-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4420.4.2
A82F87957F0EFFFCFF3E5FA3FB28F823.text	A82F87957F0EFFFCFF3E5FA3FB28F823.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tettigometra costulata Fieber 1865	<div><p>Tettigometra costulata Fieber, 1865 (Fig. 10)</p><p>Recorded damage and economic importance in the orchards of Iran: On pear (Rajabi 1991).</p><p>Recorded damage in the orchards of other parts of the world: Not recorded.</p><p>Recorded distribution in Iran: Northwest, north, west, central and southeast (Mozaffarian &amp; Wilson 2011).</p><p>Conclusion: Rajabi (1991) mentioned this species in the list of pests of Rosaceous fruit trees after observing a population of the species on pear in the north of Iran. Therefore, pest status of the species needs further study. Although Rajabi (1991) observed large populations on pear in north, no records of economic damage is known from Iran or other parts of the world so the pest status of this species needs to be evaluated.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A82F87957F0EFFFCFF3E5FA3FB28F823	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mozaffarian, Fariba	Mozaffarian, Fariba (2018): An Identification key to the species of Auchenorrhyncha of Iranian fauna recorded as pests in orchards and a review on the pest status of the species. Zootaxa 4420 (4): 475-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4420.4.2
A82F87957F0FFFFDFF3E5A41FAA1FBDD.text	A82F87957F0FFFFDFF3E5A41FAA1FBDD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aphrophora alni (Fallen 1805)	<div><p>Aphrophora alni (Fallen, 1805) (Figs 20 and 21a–b)</p><p>Recorded damage and economic importance in the orchards of Iran: Not recorded.</p><p>Recorded damage in the orchards of other parts of the world: A potential vector for the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa which infests olive trees in New Zealand (Anonymous 2013).</p><p>Recorded distribution in Iran: North and centre (Mozaffarian &amp; Wilson 2015).</p><p>Conclusion: The role of the species in transmitting Xylella fastidiosa needs to be evaluated in Iran.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A82F87957F0FFFFDFF3E5A41FAA1FBDD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mozaffarian, Fariba	Mozaffarian, Fariba (2018): An Identification key to the species of Auchenorrhyncha of Iranian fauna recorded as pests in orchards and a review on the pest status of the species. Zootaxa 4420 (4): 475-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4420.4.2
A82F87957F0FFFFDFF3E59A0FD9BFD8F.text	A82F87957F0FFFFDFF3E59A0FD9BFD8F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ommatissus lybicus Bergevin 1930	<div><p>Ommatissus lybicus Bergevin, 1930 (Figs 11 and 19)</p><p>Recorded damage and economic importance in the orchards of Iran: The species has been recorded as a very serious and a key pest on date palm in all Iranian palm growing areas on leaves and fruits of palm trees (Gardenhire 1958; Farahbakhsh 1961; Gharib 1966 and 1998; Behdad 1991; Dlabola 1994; Abaii 2000; Payandeh et al. 2008; Lashkari et al. 2008a, b; Assari et al. 2012; Koliayee et al. 2012; Arbabtafti et al. 2014).</p><p>Recorded damage in the orchards of other parts of the world: Economic importance on date palm throughout west Palaearctic (Wilson &amp; O’Brien 1987; Asche &amp; Wilson 1989; Wilson 2005).</p><p>Recorded distribution in Iran: From central Iran to the coasts of Persian Gulf and Oman Sea in all palm growing areas (Gharib 1998).</p><p>Conclusion: The economic importance of this species is widely documented in Iran and west Palaearctic . It is considered as a serious pest in Iran.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A82F87957F0FFFFDFF3E59A0FD9BFD8F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mozaffarian, Fariba	Mozaffarian, Fariba (2018): An Identification key to the species of Auchenorrhyncha of Iranian fauna recorded as pests in orchards and a review on the pest status of the species. Zootaxa 4420 (4): 475-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4420.4.2
A82F87957F0FFFFDFF3E5D42FF57FAA5.text	A82F87957F0FFFFDFF3E5D42FF57FAA5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Philaenus spumarius (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>Philaenus spumarius (Linnaeus, 1758) (Figs 22 and 23a–c)</p><p>Recorded damage and economic importance in the orchards of Iran: Not recorded.</p><p>Recorded damage in the orchards of other parts of the world: A potential vector for X. fastidiosa and elm yellows phytoplasma. The species also tested positive for Aster yellows in vineyards in Czech Republic (DeLong &amp; Severin 1950; EFSA 2013; Orsagova et al. 2011; Rosa et al. 2014).</p><p>Recorded distribution in Iran: Norh, northwest, southwest and south (Mozaffarian &amp; Wilson 2015).</p><p>Conclusion: Although the species has not been recorded as a pest in Iranian orchards, the ability of the species to transmit diseases needs to be investigated due to the records in other parts of the world and its wide distribution in Iran.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A82F87957F0FFFFDFF3E5D42FF57FAA5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mozaffarian, Fariba	Mozaffarian, Fariba (2018): An Identification key to the species of Auchenorrhyncha of Iranian fauna recorded as pests in orchards and a review on the pest status of the species. Zootaxa 4420 (4): 475-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4420.4.2
A82F87957F0FFFFDFF3E5CDAFD64F944.text	A82F87957F0FFFFDFF3E5CDAFD64F944.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Poophilus costalis (Walker 1851)  1851	<div><p>Poophilus costalis (Walker, 1851) (Figs 24 and 25a–e)</p><p>Recorded damage and economic importance in the orchards of Iran: Pest causing minor damage on fruit trees (Koliayee et al. 2012).</p><p>Recorded damage in the orchards of other parts of the world: Not recorded.</p><p>Recorded distribution in Iran: Nearly all of Iran (Mozaffarian &amp; Wilson 2015).</p><p>Conclusion: Koliayee et al. (2012) stated that the species injured fruit trees previously but significant populations have not been observed in recent years.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A82F87957F0FFFFDFF3E5CDAFD64F944	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mozaffarian, Fariba	Mozaffarian, Fariba (2018): An Identification key to the species of Auchenorrhyncha of Iranian fauna recorded as pests in orchards and a review on the pest status of the species. Zootaxa 4420 (4): 475-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4420.4.2
A82F87957F0FFFFEFF3E5ECFFD4FFE25.text	A82F87957F0FFFFEFF3E5ECFFD4FFE25.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cicadella viridis (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>Cicadella viridis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Figs 26 and 45)</p><p>Recorded damage and economic importance in the orchards of Iran: The species has been recorded as a</p><p>pest with little or no economic importance on apple, pear, and plum (Rajabi 1989), Behdad 1992; Koliayee et al. 2012).</p><p>Recorded damage in the orchards of other parts of the world: A pest on hazelnut in Europe, with damage to stems and leaves in vineyards of Italy and minor importance on grapevine and young fruit trees such as apple, pear, cherry, peach and plum elsewhere. In Turkey the species is recorded as a potential pest in olive orchards. It is also recorded as a vector for Xylella fastidiosa which is known to be lethal for grapevines (Schindler 1960; Cavalloro 1987; Snare 2006; Bozbuga &amp; Elekcioglu 2008; Alford 2014).</p><p>Recorded distribution in Iran: North, northwest, west and centre (Mozaffarian &amp; Wilson 2016).</p><p>Conclusion: It has been recorded to cause little or no economic damage in the orchards of Iran. However, its status as a disease vector has not been studied in Iran.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A82F87957F0FFFFEFF3E5ECFFD4FFE25	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mozaffarian, Fariba	Mozaffarian, Fariba (2018): An Identification key to the species of Auchenorrhyncha of Iranian fauna recorded as pests in orchards and a review on the pest status of the species. Zootaxa 4420 (4): 475-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4420.4.2
A82F87957F0CFFFEFF3E5F03FA86F89B.text	A82F87957F0CFFFEFF3E5F03FA86F89B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Platymetopius shirazicus Dlabola 1974	<div><p>Platymetopius shirazicus Dlabola, 1974 (Figs 27 and 46)</p><p>Recorded damage and economic importance in the orchards of Iran: Mild economic importance on almond (Rajabi 1991).</p><p>Recorded damage in the orchards of other parts of the world: Not recorded</p><p>Recorded distribution in Iran: Central Alborz and southwest (Mozaffarian &amp; Wilson 2016).</p><p>Conclusion: The species is endemic to Iran but its pest status needs to be evaluated more thoroughly.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A82F87957F0CFFFEFF3E5F03FA86F89B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mozaffarian, Fariba	Mozaffarian, Fariba (2018): An Identification key to the species of Auchenorrhyncha of Iranian fauna recorded as pests in orchards and a review on the pest status of the species. Zootaxa 4420 (4): 475-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4420.4.2
A82F87957F0CFFFFFF3E5EE3FB54FE91.text	A82F87957F0CFFFFFF3E5EE3FB54FE91.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euscelis lineolatus Brulle 1832	<div><p>Euscelis lineolatus Brullé, 1832</p><p>Recorded damage and economic importance in the orchards of Iran: Not recorded.</p><p>Recorded damage in the orchards of other parts of the world: The species is recorded as a vector for Aster yellows and stolbur phytoplasma of Bois noir in Europe (Weintraub &amp; Beanland 2006, Landi et al. 2013; Minuz et al. 2013).</p><p>Recorded distribution in Iran: Northeast and centre (Mozaffarian &amp; Wilson 2016).</p><p>Conclusion: The status of this species as a potential disease vector in Iran needs to be studied.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A82F87957F0CFFFFFF3E5EE3FB54FE91	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mozaffarian, Fariba	Mozaffarian, Fariba (2018): An Identification key to the species of Auchenorrhyncha of Iranian fauna recorded as pests in orchards and a review on the pest status of the species. Zootaxa 4420 (4): 475-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4420.4.2
A82F87957F0DFFFFFF3E58A4FC6CFB86.text	A82F87957F0DFFFFFF3E58A4FC6CFB86.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Fieberiella florii (Stal 1864)	<div><p>Fieberiella florii (Stål, 1864)</p><p>Recorded damage and economic importance in the orchards of Iran: Not recorded.</p><p>Recorded damage in the orchards of other parts of the world: A vector for Apple proliferation, Aster yellows, Western X-disease and Eastern X-disease on Apple, stone fruit trees in Europe and North America and a vector for phytoplasmas in vineyards which may play a role in Grapevine Yellow (GY) epidemiology. The species was shown to be infected by Candidatus Phytoplasma mali in nature, producing apple proliferation in Italy and to be able to transmit it to healthy apple seedlings in the laboratory (Weintraub &amp; Beanland 2006; Bosco et al. 2008; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant Protection and Quarantine 2012).</p><p>Recorded distribution in Iran: No specific locality was mentioned in previous reports of this species from Iran.</p><p>Conclusion: The distribution and vector capacity of the species in Iran need further study.</p><p>Fiebriella macchiae Linnavuori, 1962 (Figs 28 and 47)</p><p>Recorded damage and economic importance in the orchards of Iran: Not recorded.</p><p>Recorded damage in the orchards of other parts of the world: A potential career of almond witches’ broom phytoplasma (AlmWB) in Lebanon (Dakhil et al. 2011).</p><p>Recorded distribution in Iran: North and centre (Mozaffarian &amp; Wilson 2016).</p><p>Conclusion: The vector capacity of this species has not been studied.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A82F87957F0DFFFFFF3E58A4FC6CFB86	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mozaffarian, Fariba	Mozaffarian, Fariba (2018): An Identification key to the species of Auchenorrhyncha of Iranian fauna recorded as pests in orchards and a review on the pest status of the species. Zootaxa 4420 (4): 475-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4420.4.2
A82F87957F0DFFFFFF3E5D8FFA96FA6C.text	A82F87957F0DFFFFFF3E5D8FFA96FA6C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macrosteles quadripunctulatus (Kirschbaum 1868)	<div><p>Macrosteles quadripunctulatus (Kirschbaum, 1868) (Fig 29)</p><p>Recorded damage and economic importance in the orchards of Iran: Not recorded.</p><p>Recorded damage in the orchards of other parts of the world: It tested positive for stolbur phytoplasma in vineyards (Orenstein et al. 2003; Orsagova et al. 2011).</p><p>Recorded distribution in Iran: South of Alborz to Persian Gulf (Mozaffarian &amp; Wilson 2016).</p><p>Conclusion: The status of this species as a potential phytoplasma vector needs to be studied in Iran.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A82F87957F0DFFFFFF3E5D8FFA96FA6C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mozaffarian, Fariba	Mozaffarian, Fariba (2018): An Identification key to the species of Auchenorrhyncha of Iranian fauna recorded as pests in orchards and a review on the pest status of the species. Zootaxa 4420 (4): 475-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4420.4.2
A82F87957F0DFFFFFF3E5C93FC1AF968.text	A82F87957F0DFFFFFF3E5C93FC1AF968.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macrosteles sexnotatus (Fallen 1806)	<div><p>Macrosteles sexnotatus (Fallen, 1806) (Figs 30 and 48 a–b)</p><p>Recorded damage and economic importance in the orchards of Iran: Not recorded.</p><p>Recorded damage in the orchards of other parts of the world: Recorded as a potential vector for Bois noir/ Stolbur phytoplasma and Grapevine Yellow (GY) in vineyards of Europe (Bosco et al. 2008; Batlle et al. 2000).</p><p>Recorded distribution in Iran: Centre and south (Mozaffarian &amp; Wilson 2016).</p><p>Conclusion: The status of the species needs to be studied in Iran.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A82F87957F0DFFFFFF3E5C93FC1AF968	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mozaffarian, Fariba	Mozaffarian, Fariba (2018): An Identification key to the species of Auchenorrhyncha of Iranian fauna recorded as pests in orchards and a review on the pest status of the species. Zootaxa 4420 (4): 475-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4420.4.2
A82F87957F0DFFF8FF3E5E2AFA37FECD.text	A82F87957F0DFFF8FF3E5E2AFA37FECD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hishimonus phycitis (Distant 1908)	<div><p>Hishimonus phycitis (Distant, 1908) (Figs 31 and 49a–c)</p><p>Recorded damage and economic importance in the orchards of Iran: A vector for Witches' broom disease of lime (WBDL), the most destructive disease in lime in Southern Iran (Bagheri et al. 2009; Faghihi et al. 2011; Faghihi et al. 2011; Samavi et al. 2012).</p><p>Recorded damage in the orchards of other parts of the world: The species recorded as a vector for WBDL throughout the Middle East (Queiroz et al. 2017).</p><p>Recorded distribution in Iran: South (Mozaffarian &amp; Wilson 2016).</p><p>Conclusion: H. phycitis is considered as a serious pest in Iran due to its confirmed status as a disease vector.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A82F87957F0DFFF8FF3E5E2AFA37FECD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mozaffarian, Fariba	Mozaffarian, Fariba (2018): An Identification key to the species of Auchenorrhyncha of Iranian fauna recorded as pests in orchards and a review on the pest status of the species. Zootaxa 4420 (4): 475-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4420.4.2
A82F87957F0AFFF8FF3E5832FD48FD54.text	A82F87957F0AFFF8FF3E5832FD48FD54.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neoaliturus fenestratus Herrich-Schaeffer 1834	<div><p>Neoaliturus fenestratus (Herrich- Schäffer, 1834) (Figs 32 and 50)</p><p>Recorded damage and economic importance in the orchards of Iran: Not recorded.</p><p>Recorded damage in the orchards of other parts of the world: A phytoplasma vector which is commonly found in vineyards and may play a role in transferring Grapevine Yellows (GY), Bois noir/ Stolbur and Aster yellows (AY) (Batlle et al. 2000; Orenstein et al. 2003; Bosco et al. 2008; Landi et al. 2013; Minuz et al. 2013).</p><p>Recorded distribution in Iran: Southern slopes of Alborz to south and southwest (Mozaffarian &amp; Wilson 2016).</p><p>Conclusion: The vector status of N. fenestratus needs further study in Iran. Dehghan et al. 2012 showed transmission of Lettuce Phyllody (LP) by this species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A82F87957F0AFFF8FF3E5832FD48FD54	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mozaffarian, Fariba	Mozaffarian, Fariba (2018): An Identification key to the species of Auchenorrhyncha of Iranian fauna recorded as pests in orchards and a review on the pest status of the species. Zootaxa 4420 (4): 475-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4420.4.2
A82F87957F0AFFF8FF3E5BCAFAF3FC19.text	A82F87957F0AFFF8FF3E5BCAFAF3FC19.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neoaliturus haematoceps (Mulstant et Rey 1855)  1855	<div><p>Neoaliturus haematoceps (Mulstant et Rey, 1855) (Fig. 33)</p><p>Recorded damage and economic importance in the orchards of Iran: A vector of citrus stubborn disease and also sesame phyllody (Omidi et al. 2011).</p><p>Recorded damage in the orchards of other parts of the world: A potentional pest of olive orchards in Turkey. A vector for Spiroplasma citri in Europe and a potential vector for stolbur (Stol) and Aster yellows (AY) in vineyards and a phytoplasma disease in carrot fields of Israel (Orenstein et al. 2003, Bozbuga &amp; Elekcioglu 2008).</p><p>Recorded distribution in Iran: Widely distributed (Mozaffarian &amp; Wilson 2016).</p><p>Conclusion: The species is a serious disease vector in the orchards of Iran and other parts of the world.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A82F87957F0AFFF8FF3E5BCAFAF3FC19	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mozaffarian, Fariba	Mozaffarian, Fariba (2018): An Identification key to the species of Auchenorrhyncha of Iranian fauna recorded as pests in orchards and a review on the pest status of the species. Zootaxa 4420 (4): 475-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4420.4.2
A82F87957F0AFFF8FF3E5D1CFC66FA83.text	A82F87957F0AFFF8FF3E5D1CFC66FA83.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Psammotettix striata (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>Psammotettix striata (Linnaeus, 1758) (Figs 34 and 51)</p><p>Recorded damage and economic importance in the orchards of Iran: Not recorded.</p><p>Recorded damage in the orchards of other parts of the world: A potential pest of olive orchards in Turkey. A potential vector for Bois noir/ Stolbur phytoplasma (Batlle et al. 2000; Bozbuga &amp; Elekcioglu 2008; Drobnjaković et al. 2010).</p><p>Recorded distribution in Iran: Southern slopes of Alborz to Persian Gulf (Mozaffarian &amp; Wilson 2016).</p><p>Conclusion: The pest status of the species needs to be studied in Iran.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A82F87957F0AFFF8FF3E5D1CFC66FA83	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mozaffarian, Fariba	Mozaffarian, Fariba (2018): An Identification key to the species of Auchenorrhyncha of Iranian fauna recorded as pests in orchards and a review on the pest status of the species. Zootaxa 4420 (4): 475-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4420.4.2
A82F87957F0AFFF8FF3E5C9CFE77F902.text	A82F87957F0AFFF8FF3E5C9CFE77F902.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Selenocephalus dareicus Dlabola 1981	<div><p>Selenocephalus dareicus Dlabola, 1981 (Fig. 35)</p><p>Recorded damage and economic importance in the orchards of Iran: Mild economic importance on Pyrus sp. (Rajabi 1991, Abaii 2000).</p><p>Recorded damage in the orchards of other parts of the world: Not recorded.</p><p>Recorded distribution in Iran: Southwest (Mozaffarian &amp; Wilson 2016).</p><p>Conclusion: The species is endemic to Iran and limited to Fars and Khuzestan provinces. Its pest status in Iran needs further confirmation.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A82F87957F0AFFF8FF3E5C9CFE77F902	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mozaffarian, Fariba	Mozaffarian, Fariba (2018): An Identification key to the species of Auchenorrhyncha of Iranian fauna recorded as pests in orchards and a review on the pest status of the species. Zootaxa 4420 (4): 475-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4420.4.2
A82F87957F0AFFF8FF3E5E7CFE91F822.text	A82F87957F0AFFF8FF3E5E7CFE91F822.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Selenocephalus kyrosicus Dlabola 1981	<div><p>Selenocephalus kyrosicus Dlabola, 1981 (Figs 36 and 52)</p><p>Recorded damage and economic importance in the orchards of Iran: With mild economic importance on Pyrus sp. (Rajabi 1991; Abaii 2000).</p><p>Recorded damage in the orchards of other parts of the world: Not recorded.</p><p>Recorded distribution in Iran: Southwest (Mozaffarian &amp; Wilson 2016).</p><p>Conclusion: The species is endemic to Iran and limited to Fars province . Its pest status in Iran needs further confirmation.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A82F87957F0AFFF8FF3E5E7CFE91F822	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mozaffarian, Fariba	Mozaffarian, Fariba (2018): An Identification key to the species of Auchenorrhyncha of Iranian fauna recorded as pests in orchards and a review on the pest status of the species. Zootaxa 4420 (4): 475-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4420.4.2
A82F87957F09FFFBFF3E5F70FC48F8F2.text	A82F87957F09FFFBFF3E5F70FC48F8F2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anaceratagallia laevis (Ribaut 1935)	<div><p>Anaceratagallia laevis (Ribaut, 1935) (Figs 40 and 56)</p><p>Recorded damage and economic importance in the orchards of Iran: Not recorded.</p><p>Recorded damage in the orchards of other parts of the world: In Europe, the species has been recorded as a potential vector for Bois noir/ Stolbur phytoplasma, Aster yellows (AY) in vineyards, the yellows phytoplasma to Catharantus roseus and potato plants and 16SrI-A phytoplasmas in carrot fields (Batlle et al. 2000; Drobnjaković et al. 2010; Orenstein et al. 2003; Orenstein et al. 2003).</p><p>Recorded distribution in Iran: North, centre and west (Mozaffarian &amp; Wilson 2016).</p><p>Conclusion: The vector status of this species in Iran needs further study.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A82F87957F09FFFBFF3E5F70FC48F8F2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mozaffarian, Fariba	Mozaffarian, Fariba (2018): An Identification key to the species of Auchenorrhyncha of Iranian fauna recorded as pests in orchards and a review on the pest status of the species. Zootaxa 4420 (4): 475-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4420.4.2
A82F87957F09FFFBFF3E5B17FCC9FC73.text	A82F87957F09FFFBFF3E5B17FCC9FC73.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Idioscopus clypealis (Lethierry 1889)	<div><p>Idioscopus clypealis (Lethierry, 1889) (Figs 38 a–c and 54a–b)</p><p>Recorded damage and economic importance in the orchards of Iran: A pest on mango and tropical fruits (Pezhman &amp; Rajabi 2002; Koliayee et al. 2012; Saeed et al. 2013)</p><p>Recorded damage in the orchards of other parts of the world: An economic pest in Pakistan, India, southeast Asia and Australia (Fletcher &amp; Dangerfield 2002; Varshneya &amp; Ranam 2008)</p><p>Recorded distribution in Iran: Southeast (Mozaffarian &amp; Wilson 2016).</p><p>Conclusion: Pezhman &amp; Rajabi (2002) mentioned the species as the most serious pest on mango and the main factor of crop losses in Southern Iran. However, according to Koliayee et al (2012), in spite of the high density of the population on mango, it does not injure the tree economically.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A82F87957F09FFFBFF3E5B17FCC9FC73	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mozaffarian, Fariba	Mozaffarian, Fariba (2018): An Identification key to the species of Auchenorrhyncha of Iranian fauna recorded as pests in orchards and a review on the pest status of the species. Zootaxa 4420 (4): 475-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4420.4.2
A82F87957F09FFFBFF3E59A0FCC1FE1F.text	A82F87957F09FFFBFF3E59A0FCC1FE1F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stegelytra neveosparsa (Ghauri 1972)	<div><p>Stegelytra neveosparsa (Ghauri, 1972) (Figs 37 and 53)</p><p>Recorded damage and economic importance in the orchards of Iran: Moderate economic importance damage on Pyrus sp. (Rajabi 1991; Abaii 2000)</p><p>Recorded damage in the orchards of other parts of the world: Not recorded.</p><p>Recorded distribution in Iran: North and southwest (Mozaffarian &amp; Wilson 2016).</p><p>Conclusion: Its pest status in Iran needs further confirmation. It was previously recorded under the name Stegelytra sororcula Dlabola, a junior synonym of S. neveosparsa .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A82F87957F09FFFBFF3E59A0FCC1FE1F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mozaffarian, Fariba	Mozaffarian, Fariba (2018): An Identification key to the species of Auchenorrhyncha of Iranian fauna recorded as pests in orchards and a review on the pest status of the species. Zootaxa 4420 (4): 475-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4420.4.2
A82F87957F09FFFBFF3E5AAFFDABFAFF.text	A82F87957F09FFFBFF3E5AAFFDABFAFF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sulamicerus stali (Fieber 1868)  1868	<div><p>Sulamicerus stali (Fieber, 1868) (Figs 39 and 55a–b)</p><p>Recorded damage and economic importance in the orchards of Iran: Previously known as a serious pest in pistachio gardens with severe economic damage, but as a secondary pest in recent years (Farahbakhsh 1961; Esmaili 1984; Behdad 1991; Kolyayee et al. 2012; Nourbakhsh et al. 2012)</p><p>Recorded damage in the orchards of other parts of the world: A pest on pistachio in Greece and Turkey which causes leaf whitening and blight of young panicles in large populations (Lodos &amp; Kalkandelen 1982; Mourikis et al. 1998).</p><p>Recorded distribution in Iran: Southern slopes of Alborz to Persian Gulf (Mozaffarian &amp; Wilson 2016).</p><p>Conclusion: Koliayee et al. (2012) mentioned the population size of the species, hence, its economic importance, has declined recently.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A82F87957F09FFFBFF3E5AAFFDABFAFF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mozaffarian, Fariba	Mozaffarian, Fariba (2018): An Identification key to the species of Auchenorrhyncha of Iranian fauna recorded as pests in orchards and a review on the pest status of the species. Zootaxa 4420 (4): 475-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4420.4.2
A82F87957F09FFE4FF3E5E2CFC48FF04.text	A82F87957F09FFE4FF3E5E2CFC48FF04.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Austroagallia sinuata (Mulsant Rey 1855)	<div><p>Austroagallia sinuata (Mulsant Rey, 1855) (Figs 41 and 57)</p><p>Recorded damage and economic importance in the orchards of Iran: Not recorded.</p><p>Recorded damage in the orchards of other parts of the world: Tested positive for Aster yellows (AY) in vineyards in Europe (Orenstein et al. 2003).</p><p>Recorded distribution in Iran: Generally distributed (Mozaffarian &amp; Wilson 2016).</p><p>Conclusion: The vector status of this species in Iran needs further study.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A82F87957F09FFE4FF3E5E2CFC48FF04	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mozaffarian, Fariba	Mozaffarian, Fariba (2018): An Identification key to the species of Auchenorrhyncha of Iranian fauna recorded as pests in orchards and a review on the pest status of the species. Zootaxa 4420 (4): 475-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4420.4.2
A82F87957F16FFE4FF3E5A62FC48FBA9.text	A82F87957F16FFE4FF3E5A62FC48FBA9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Asymmetrasca decedens (Paoli 1932)	<div><p>Asymmetrasca decedens (Paoli, 1932)</p><p>Recorded damage and economic importance in the orchards of Iran: Not recorded.</p><p>Recorded damage in the orchards of other parts of the world: An occasional pest on citrus in Yugoslavia, Italy and Spain. A potentional pest in olive orchards in Turkey. A vector of ' Ca. Phytoplasma prunorum' (European stone fruit yellow phytoplasma), a potential career of almond witches’ broom phytoplasma (AlmWB) and tested positive to apricot chlorotic leaf roll (ACLR) and phytoplasma in Lebanon (Reuther 1989; Bozbuga &amp; Elekcioglu 2008; Dakhil et al., 2011; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant Protection and Quarantine 2012).</p><p>Recorded distribution in Iran: West and northeast (Mozaffarian &amp; Wilson 2016).</p><p>Conclusion: The vector status of this species in Iran needs further study.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A82F87957F16FFE4FF3E5A62FC48FBA9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mozaffarian, Fariba	Mozaffarian, Fariba (2018): An Identification key to the species of Auchenorrhyncha of Iranian fauna recorded as pests in orchards and a review on the pest status of the species. Zootaxa 4420 (4): 475-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4420.4.2
A82F87957F16FFE4FF3E5DD6FC4EFA49.text	A82F87957F16FFE4FF3E5DD6FC4EFA49.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Empoasca decipiens Paoli 1930	<div><p>Empoasca decipiens Paoli, 1930</p><p>Recorded damage and economic importance in the orchards of Iran: Not recorded.</p><p>Recorded damage in the orchards of other parts of the world: An occasional pest on apple and a potentional pest in olive orchards in Turkey. A vector for Aster yellows and a potential career of almond witches’ broom phytoplasma in Lebanon (AlmWB) (Alford 1992, Bozbuga &amp; Elekcioglu 2008, Dakhil et al. 2011).</p><p>Recorded distribution in Iran: Generally distributed (Mozaffarian &amp; Wilson 2016).</p><p>Conclusion: The vector status of the species in Iran needs further study.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A82F87957F16FFE4FF3E5DD6FC4EFA49	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mozaffarian, Fariba	Mozaffarian, Fariba (2018): An Identification key to the species of Auchenorrhyncha of Iranian fauna recorded as pests in orchards and a review on the pest status of the species. Zootaxa 4420 (4): 475-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4420.4.2
A82F87957F16FFE4FF3E5CB6FBC0F969.text	A82F87957F16FFE4FF3E5CB6FBC0F969.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Empoasca fabae (Harris 1841)	<div><p>Empoasca fabae (Harris, 1841)</p><p>Recorded damage and economic importance in the orchards of Iran: A pest on apple, pear, grapevine (Esmaili 1984; Rajabi 1991). Rajabi (1991) believes it doesn’t have any economic importance.</p><p>Recorded damage in the orchards of other parts of the world: Not recorded.</p><p>Recorded distribution in Iran: Southern slope of Alborz Mountain (Tehran) (Mozaffarian &amp; Wilson 2016).</p><p>Conclusion: The confirmed distribution of the species is limited to the New World; thus previous Iranian records of this species may be based on misidentifications (Mozaffarian &amp; Wilson 2016).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A82F87957F16FFE4FF3E5CB6FBC0F969	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mozaffarian, Fariba	Mozaffarian, Fariba (2018): An Identification key to the species of Auchenorrhyncha of Iranian fauna recorded as pests in orchards and a review on the pest status of the species. Zootaxa 4420 (4): 475-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4420.4.2
A82F87957F16FFE4FF3E5F99FC18F864.text	A82F87957F16FFE4FF3E5F99FC18F864.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Jacobiasca lybica (Bergevin & Zanon 1922)	<div><p>Jacobiasca lybica (Bergevin &amp; Zanon, 1922)</p><p>Recorded damage and economic importance in the orchards of Iran: Not recorded.</p><p>Recorded damage in the orchards of other parts of the world: A pest on grapevine in Southern Europe due to its direct damage (Alma 2002).</p><p>Recorded distribution in Iran: Southwest (Mozaffarian &amp; Wilson 2016).</p><p>Conclusion: Pest status of the species in Iran needs further study.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A82F87957F16FFE4FF3E5F99FC18F864	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mozaffarian, Fariba	Mozaffarian, Fariba (2018): An Identification key to the species of Auchenorrhyncha of Iranian fauna recorded as pests in orchards and a review on the pest status of the species. Zootaxa 4420 (4): 475-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4420.4.2
A82F87957F16FFE4FF3E5810FC48FDEA.text	A82F87957F16FFE4FF3E5810FC48FDEA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Megophthalmus scabripennis Edwards 1915	<div><p>Megophthalmus scabripennis Edwards, 1915</p><p>Recorded damage and economic importance in the orchards of Iran: Not recorded.</p><p>Recorded damage in the orchards of other parts of the world: A potential pest in olive orchards in Turkey and a potential vector for Aster yellows (AY) in vineyards (Bozbuga &amp; Elekcioglu 2008; Orenstein et al. 2003).</p><p>Recorded distribution in Iran: North (Mozaffarian &amp; Wilson 2016).</p><p>Conclusion: The vector status of this species in Iran needs further study.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A82F87957F16FFE4FF3E5810FC48FDEA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mozaffarian, Fariba	Mozaffarian, Fariba (2018): An Identification key to the species of Auchenorrhyncha of Iranian fauna recorded as pests in orchards and a review on the pest status of the species. Zootaxa 4420 (4): 475-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4420.4.2
A82F87957F17FFE5FF3E5B14FD90FC16.text	A82F87957F17FFE5FF3E5B14FD90FC16.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Arboridia kermanshah (Dlabola 1963)	<div><p>Arboridia kermanshah (Dlabola, 1963) (Figs 42 and 58a–b)</p><p>Recorded damage and economic importance in the orchards of Iran: A pest in vineyards (Mostaan &amp; Akbarzadeh 1995; Latifian et al. 2004).</p><p>Recorded damage in the orchards of other parts of the world: The species of this genus have been recorded as well known pests on vineyards in the world (Pombo 2001; Viggiani 2002).</p><p>Recorded distribution in Iran: West, centre and northeast (Mozaffarian &amp; Wilson 2016).</p><p>Conclusion: A. kermanshah is an endemic species with a rather wide recorded distribution in Iran. It was recorded as a common species and a pest in Iranian vineyards of the country. The economic injury level for the species was determined by Latifian et al. (2005). However, there isn’t any record available to indicate the damage level of the species in the vineyards.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A82F87957F17FFE5FF3E5B14FD90FC16	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mozaffarian, Fariba	Mozaffarian, Fariba (2018): An Identification key to the species of Auchenorrhyncha of Iranian fauna recorded as pests in orchards and a review on the pest status of the species. Zootaxa 4420 (4): 475-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4420.4.2
A82F87957F17FFE5FF3E5A88FEDFF946.text	A82F87957F17FFE5FF3E5A88FEDFF946.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Erythroneura comes (Say 1825)	<div><p>Erythroneura comes (Say, 1825)</p><p>Recorded damage and economic importance in the orchards of Iran: A pest on grapevine and other fruit trees (Behdad 1991; Esmaili 1984).</p><p>Recorded damage in the orchards of other parts of the world: Not recorded.</p><p>Recorded distribution in Iran: South of Central Alborz Mountain (Mozaffarian &amp; Wilson 2016).</p><p>Conclusion: The species is a Nearctic species and the records may be due to a misidentification (Mozaffarian &amp; Wilson 2016).</p><p>Frutioidia (Frutioidia) bisignata (Mulstant et Rey, 1855) (Figs 43 and 59a–c)</p><p>Recorded damage and economic importance in the orchards of Iran: Mild and sometimes significant damage on Poaceae . The phytoplasma responsible for Almond Witches’ broom disease could not be transmitted by this insect (Esmaili 1984; Rajabi 1991, Taghizadeh &amp; Salehi 2002; Koliayee et al. 2012).</p><p>Recorded damage in the orchards of other parts of the world: A pest on hazelnut in Europe and a potential pest in olive orchards in Turkey (Snare 2006; Bozbuga &amp; Elekcioglu 2008).</p><p>Recorded distribution in Iran: Northwest and centre (Mozaffarian &amp; Wilson 2016).</p><p>Conclusion: Modarres Awal (1994) mentioned the name: “ Erythroneura albisignata ” as a synonym with Z. bisignata which is the synonym of the present species. It has been repeated in some agricultural websites consequently as a pest on Poaceae . However, this is not a valid name. The economic injury level caused by the species is unclear.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A82F87957F17FFE5FF3E5A88FEDFF946	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mozaffarian, Fariba	Mozaffarian, Fariba (2018): An Identification key to the species of Auchenorrhyncha of Iranian fauna recorded as pests in orchards and a review on the pest status of the species. Zootaxa 4420 (4): 475-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4420.4.2
A82F87957F17FFE5FF3E59E9FE53FE01.text	A82F87957F17FFE5FF3E59E9FE53FE01.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kyboasca maligna (Walsh 1862)  1862	<div><p>Kyboasca maligna (Walsh, 1862)</p><p>Recorded damage and economic importance in the orchards of Iran: Pest of fruit trees with unknown economic importance (Esmaili 1984).</p><p>Recorded damage in the orchards of other parts of the world: Pest with no economic importance in Czech (Malenovsky &amp; Lauterer 2010).</p><p>Recorded distribution in Iran: No locality record is published.</p><p>Conclusion: None of the records of the presence of this species are according to the published examined material. The species is invasive in Europe but there isn’t any evidence on the existence of this species in Iran (Mozaffarian &amp; Wilson 2016).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A82F87957F17FFE5FF3E59E9FE53FE01	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mozaffarian, Fariba	Mozaffarian, Fariba (2018): An Identification key to the species of Auchenorrhyncha of Iranian fauna recorded as pests in orchards and a review on the pest status of the species. Zootaxa 4420 (4): 475-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4420.4.2
A82F87957F17FFE6FF3E5E4FFC38FF29.text	A82F87957F17FFE6FF3E5E4FFC38FF29.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zyginella pulchra Low 1855	<div><p>Zyginella pulchra Löw, 1855</p><p>Recorded damage and economic importance in the orchards of Iran: Not noticeable economic damage on pear, apricot, plum, apple and other trees in cold regions (Rajabi 1991; Rajabi &amp; Mirzayans 1989; Koliayee et al. 2012).</p><p>Recorded damage in the orchards of other parts of the world: A potentional pest in olive orchards in</p><p>Turkey (Bozbuga &amp; Elekcioglu 2008).</p><p>Recorded distribution in Iran: Centre (Mozaffarian &amp; Wilson 2016).</p><p>Conclusion: The pest status of the species needs further study.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A82F87957F17FFE6FF3E5E4FFC38FF29	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mozaffarian, Fariba	Mozaffarian, Fariba (2018): An Identification key to the species of Auchenorrhyncha of Iranian fauna recorded as pests in orchards and a review on the pest status of the species. Zootaxa 4420 (4): 475-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4420.4.2
A82F87957F14FFE6FF3E5D99FC9FF994.text	A82F87957F14FFE6FF3E5D99FC9FF994.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chloropsalta smaragdula Haupt 1920	<div><p>Chloropsalta smaragdula Haupt, 1920 (Figs 62 and 70)</p><p>Recorded damage and economic importance in the orchards of Iran: Considering two species ( Cicadatra alhageos and Chloropsalta ochreata) as “grape cicadas" in Iran, Chloropsalta smaragdula was introduced as the third species of grape cicada by Aghagoli Marzijarani et al. (2013). There isn’t any record on the injury level caused by this species.</p><p>Recorded damage in the orchards of other parts of the world: Not recorded.</p><p>Recorded distribution in Iran: Generally distributed.</p><p>Conclusion: Due to the extreme similarity of the habitus of the three cicadas in vineyards of Iran ( Cicadatra alhageos, Chloropsalta ochreata and Chloropsalta smaragdula), it is quite necessary to determine the damage level caused by the species after the correct identification.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A82F87957F14FFE6FF3E5D99FC9FF994	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mozaffarian, Fariba	Mozaffarian, Fariba (2018): An Identification key to the species of Auchenorrhyncha of Iranian fauna recorded as pests in orchards and a review on the pest status of the species. Zootaxa 4420 (4): 475-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4420.4.2
A82F87957F14FFE6FF3E5F0AFC05F825.text	A82F87957F14FFE6FF3E5F0AFC05F825.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cicadatra alhageos (Kolenati 1857)  1857	<div><p>Cicadatra alhageos (Kolenati, 1857) (Figs 63 and 71)</p><p>Recorded damage and economic importance in the orchards of Iran: A serious pest on roots and branches due to the nymphal feeding and female oviposition on grapevine, apple, pear, plum, almond, apricot, cherry, peach, pomegranate etc (Babaii 1967; Farazmand et al. 2012; Koliayee et al. 2012; Rajabi 1991; Shekarian &amp; Rezwani 2001).</p><p>Recorded damage in the orchards of other parts of the world: A destructive pest in Turkey, Uzbekistan and Turkmenia on grapevine and other fruit trees.</p><p>Recorded distribution in Iran: Widely distributed.</p><p>Conclusion: The species has been collected in large numbers from different parts of Iran, including agricultural ecosystems frequently by the author and other colleagues in Hayk Mirzayans Insect Museum. The species is known as one of the most important agricultural pests in Iran.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A82F87957F14FFE6FF3E5F0AFC05F825	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mozaffarian, Fariba	Mozaffarian, Fariba (2018): An Identification key to the species of Auchenorrhyncha of Iranian fauna recorded as pests in orchards and a review on the pest status of the species. Zootaxa 4420 (4): 475-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4420.4.2
A82F87957F14FFE6FF3E5859FE6BFDB1.text	A82F87957F14FFE6FF3E5859FE6BFDB1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Edwardsiana rosae (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>Edwardsiana rosae (Linnaeus, 1758) (Figs 44 and 60 a–c)</p><p>Recorded damage and economic importance in the orchards of Iran: Causing various degrees of economic damage on apple, pear, almond and grapevine (Tchouvakhin 1949; Farahbakhsh 1961; Esmaili 1984; Behdad 1991; Rajabi 1991; Abaii 2000; Koliayee et al. 2012; Nourbakhsh et al. 2012).</p><p>Recorded damage in the orchards of other parts of the world: Bozbuga &amp; Elekcioglu (2008) mentioned the species as a potential and not economic pest in olive orchards in Turkey.</p><p>Recorded distribution in Iran: North, west and centre (Mozaffarian &amp; Wilson 2016).</p><p>Conclusion: The damage level caused by this species needs to be studied due to the variable records in Iran and other parts of the world.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A82F87957F14FFE6FF3E5859FE6BFDB1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mozaffarian, Fariba	Mozaffarian, Fariba (2018): An Identification key to the species of Auchenorrhyncha of Iranian fauna recorded as pests in orchards and a review on the pest status of the species. Zootaxa 4420 (4): 475-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4420.4.2
A82F87957F15FFE0FF3E5E3AFDAEFF04.text	A82F87957F15FFE0FF3E5E3AFDAEFF04.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cicadatra persica (Kirkaldy 1909)	<div><p>Cicadatra persica (Kirkaldy, 1909) (Figs 64 and 72)</p><p>Recorded damage and economic importance in the orchards of Iran: Not recorded.</p><p>Recorded damage in the orchards of other parts of the world: A destructive pest in the apple orchards of Syria (Dardar et al. 2012).</p><p>Recorded distribution in Iran: Northwest, west, southwest, centre and southeast.</p><p>Conclusion: In spite of the wide distribution of the species in Iran, large populations and the activity of species as pest have never been recorded.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A82F87957F15FFE0FF3E5E3AFDAEFF04	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mozaffarian, Fariba	Mozaffarian, Fariba (2018): An Identification key to the species of Auchenorrhyncha of Iranian fauna recorded as pests in orchards and a review on the pest status of the species. Zootaxa 4420 (4): 475-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4420.4.2
A82F87957F12FFE0FF3E587AFCA7FD8E.text	A82F87957F12FFE0FF3E587AFCA7FD8E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Klapperichicen viridissimus (Walker 1858)	<div><p>Klapperichicen viridissimus (Walker, 1858)</p><p>Recorded damage and economic importance in the orchards of Iran: Not recorded</p><p>Recorded damage in the orchards of other parts of the world: Pest on Vitis sp in Syria (Talhouk 1959; Schedl 2003).</p><p>Recorded distribution in Iran: North and northwest (Mozaffarian &amp; Sanborn 2010).</p><p>Conclusion: Schedl (2003) published images from habitus and male genitalia of lectotype of this species which was collected from Iraq. In spite of the record of the species in Iran, there isn’t any Iranian specimen available to examine. However due to the extreme similarity of the habitus of the lectotype in Schedl (2003) with C. alhageos, and the fact that the latter species is a well known pest in Iranian vineyards, it may be useful to reexamine the specimens from north and northwest of Iran.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A82F87957F12FFE0FF3E587AFCA7FD8E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mozaffarian, Fariba	Mozaffarian, Fariba (2018): An Identification key to the species of Auchenorrhyncha of Iranian fauna recorded as pests in orchards and a review on the pest status of the species. Zootaxa 4420 (4): 475-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4420.4.2
A82F87957F12FFE0FF3E5BF1FCBCFC75.text	A82F87957F12FFE0FF3E5BF1FCBCFC75.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pagiphora annulata (Brulle 1832)	<div><p>Pagiphora annulata (Brullé, 1832) (Figs 65)</p><p>Recorded damage and economic importance in the orchards of Iran: Not recorded.</p><p>Recorded damage in the orchards of other parts of the world: A pest with considerable damage in fruit trees in Bulgaria due to the oviposition (Arabadzhiev 1970).</p><p>Distribution in Iran: Southwest.</p><p>Conclusion: Oviposition of the females of this family may cause damage to the fruit on the apical parts of the branches. However, the damage may be significant in large populations of the species and there isn’t any record of emerging noticeable populations of this species in Iran.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A82F87957F12FFE0FF3E5BF1FCBCFC75	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mozaffarian, Fariba	Mozaffarian, Fariba (2018): An Identification key to the species of Auchenorrhyncha of Iranian fauna recorded as pests in orchards and a review on the pest status of the species. Zootaxa 4420 (4): 475-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4420.4.2
A82F87957F12FFE0FF3E5AAAFD31FB39.text	A82F87957F12FFE0FF3E5AAAFD31FB39.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Psalmocharias flava Dlabola 1970	<div><p>Psalmocharias flava Dlabola, 1970 (Figs 66 and 73)</p><p>Recorded damage and economic importance in the orchards of Iran: Pest on almond, apple and soure cherry (Rajabi 1991).</p><p>Recorded damage in the orchards of other parts of the world: Not recorded.</p><p>Distribution in Iran: Widely distributed</p><p>Conclusion: There isn’t any published record available on the noticeable damage of the species. However, their significant damage on the fruit trees has been observed during their mass emerges in the west of Iran by the author and reported by the gardeners as well.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A82F87957F12FFE0FF3E5AAAFD31FB39	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mozaffarian, Fariba	Mozaffarian, Fariba (2018): An Identification key to the species of Auchenorrhyncha of Iranian fauna recorded as pests in orchards and a review on the pest status of the species. Zootaxa 4420 (4): 475-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4420.4.2
A82F87957F12FFE0FF3E5C69FA83F9D9.text	A82F87957F12FFE0FF3E5C69FA83F9D9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Psalmocharias querula (Pallas 1773)	<div><p>Psalmocharias querula (Pallas, 1773) (Figs 67 and 74)</p><p>Recorded damage and economic importance in the orchards of Iran: Unknown economic importance on young twigs and stems of grapevine (Farahbakhsh, 1961).</p><p>Recorded damage in the orchards of other parts of the world: Not recorded.</p><p>Distribution in Iran: Widely distributed.</p><p>Conclusion: The specimens of this species appear in mass emerge in some years. However, the pest status of the species and the vitality for controlling the species in the agro-ecosystems have not ever been recorded.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A82F87957F12FFE0FF3E5C69FA83F9D9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mozaffarian, Fariba	Mozaffarian, Fariba (2018): An Identification key to the species of Auchenorrhyncha of Iranian fauna recorded as pests in orchards and a review on the pest status of the species. Zootaxa 4420 (4): 475-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4420.4.2
A82F87957F12FFE0FF3E5F49FD7EF8F9.text	A82F87957F12FFE0FF3E5F49FD7EF8F9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tibicen plebejus (Scopoli 1763)	<div><p>Tibicen plebejus (Scopoli, 1763) (Figs 68 and 75)</p><p>Recorded damage and economic importance in the orchards of Iran: Not recorded.</p><p>Recorded damage in the orchards of other parts of the world: A pest (recorded as potential pest as well) on olive in Turkey (Lodos &amp; Kalkandelen 1981; Bozbuga &amp; Elekcioglu 2008).</p><p>Distribution in Iran: North (Mozaffarian &amp; Sanborn 2016).</p><p>Conclusion: There isn’t any record available from Iran and other parts of the world to confirm the economic importance of the damage caused by this species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A82F87957F12FFE0FF3E5F49FD7EF8F9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mozaffarian, Fariba	Mozaffarian, Fariba (2018): An Identification key to the species of Auchenorrhyncha of Iranian fauna recorded as pests in orchards and a review on the pest status of the species. Zootaxa 4420 (4): 475-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4420.4.2
A82F87957F12FFE1FF3E5E29FC93FECD.text	A82F87957F12FFE1FF3E5E29FC93FECD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tibicina haematodes (Scopoli 1763)  1763	<div><p>Tibicina haematodes (Scopoli, 1763)</p><p>Recorded damage and economic importance in the orchards of Iran: Not recorded.</p><p>Recorded damage in the orchards of other parts of the world: A pest on forest and fruit trees in Moldavia, Bulgaria Ukrain and Turkey. It is also mentioned as a potential pest with no economic importance in Turkish olive</p><p>orchards (Arabadzhiev 1963; Boucek 1963; Boucek 1963; Apostolov &amp; Topciev 1970; Abaii 2000).</p><p>Distribution in Iran: No locality is recorded.</p><p>Conclusion: The identification source of this species in Abaii (2000) is not clear and there isn’t any other published evidence for the existence of this species in Iran.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A82F87957F12FFE1FF3E5E29FC93FECD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mozaffarian, Fariba	Mozaffarian, Fariba (2018): An Identification key to the species of Auchenorrhyncha of Iranian fauna recorded as pests in orchards and a review on the pest status of the species. Zootaxa 4420 (4): 475-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4420.4.2
A82F87957F13FFE1FF3E5F27FA3FF843.text	A82F87957F13FFE1FF3E5F27FA3FF843.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stictocephala bisonia Kopp et Yonke 1977	<div><p>Stictocephala bisonia Kopp et Yonke, 1977</p><p>Recorded damage and economic importance in the orchards of Iran: Non significant damage on fruit trees (Esmaiili 1984; Rajabi 1991).</p><p>Recorded damage in the orchards of other parts of the world: Not recorded.</p><p>Recorded distribution in Iran: South slope of central Alborz</p><p>Conclusion: Both recordsof the species as pest (Esmaiili 1984 and Rajabi 1991) were under the name “ Ceresa bubalus Fabricius, 1794 ”. These authors noted a lack of significant damage caused by the species suggested there is no necessity of any control method. In addition, the recorded distribution of the species is very limited and the reason of recording the species as ‘pest’ is not clear. Therefore, the pest status of the species needs further study.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A82F87957F13FFE1FF3E5F27FA3FF843	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mozaffarian, Fariba	Mozaffarian, Fariba (2018): An Identification key to the species of Auchenorrhyncha of Iranian fauna recorded as pests in orchards and a review on the pest status of the species. Zootaxa 4420 (4): 475-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4420.4.2
