identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
AF5787804868FD57FFD1F96BCB13FA90.text	AF5787804868FD57FFD1F96BCB13FA90.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Plectograptus , Moberg and Tornquist 1909	<div><p>Genus Plectograptus Moberg and Törnquist, 1909 Type species: Retiolites macilentus Törnquist, 1887, from Wetterahammer near Gräfenwarth, Thuringia, Unterer Graptolithenschiefer (Lower Graptolite Shale), Ludlow.</p> <p>Biostratigaphic range.—Typically ranging through Gorstian, Lower Ludlow globally, but rare and geographically restricted in upper Homerian, upper Upper Wenlock.</p> <p>Emended diagnosis.—Simple ancora umbrella with five radial lists and an incompletely developed rim. Ancora umbrella separated from lateral ancora sleeve walls by large lateral orifices. Nema free throughout the rhabdosome. Lateral walls of simple, orderly zigzag lists. Reticulum and genicular processes present in some species. Mid−ventral lists present.</p> <p>Species included.— Plectograptus macilentus (Törnquist, 1887), Plectograptus robustus (Obut and Zaslavskaya, 1983), Plectograptus wimani (Eisenack, 1951), Plectograptus toernquisti sp. nov., Plectograptus mobergi sp. nov., Plectograptus trijunctus sp. nov.).</p> <p>Description.—Virgella thin, rarely preserved as far as the prosicular rim; nema free, but probably was within the obverse thecal wall, and may be extended as a nematularium in mature specimens (Figs. 1F, H, 9B).</p> <p>The Plectograptus type ancora umbrella is simple, with five radial lists (two near the center of origin being rudimentary) defining five meshes and an incompletely preserved rim (Figs. 2B, 3A). Primary ancora lists bifurcate, one branch to give a thin obverse list and a stronger secondary list meeting the ancora rim and the proximal side of the pre−th 11 ventral orifice; other primary list forking to give a thin reverse list and a stronger secondary list which divides to give two lists leading to the ancora rim. Apparent pre−th 12 ventral orifice is in part the fifth mesh of the ancora, the ancora rim being unthickened where it forms the proximal edge of the true pre−th 11 ventral orifice.</p> <p>Thecal walls defined only by lateral apertural rods, horizontal thecal lips, genicular lists, and with mid−ventral lists formed of external bandaging running from geniculum to lip. Processes may be present on genicular lists. No transverse rods; instead sockets at junctions of pleural lists (Fig. 6), lateral apertural rods and genicular lists (Fig. 2). Nematularium may be present.</p> <p>Large proximal orifices on the obverse and reverse sides of rhabdosome, extending beyond the lips of th 11 and th 12 (Fig. 2B).</p> <p>Ancora sleeve defined by lists with a zig−zag pattern in the mid−dorsal part of the wall, formed of lists which become horizontal ventral−wards; the ventral edges of the meshes formed of pleural lists and lateral apertural rods (Figs. 2, 4). Bandages pustular (Fig. 10E, G, H). Seams face inwards (Fig. 10H).</p> <p>Discussion.—When erecting the type species Törnquist (1887) provided only a schematic drawing, without a proximal end, reproduced here as Fig. 1B. This drawing is completely generalized and shows neither the genicular or mid−ventral lists. The first photograph, of flattened material without a proximal end, was provided by Moberg and Törnquist (1909: pl. 1: 10) with an annotation that this is the “original” of Plectograptus macilentus from Wetterahammer, Thuringia. This specimen has not been located in the Lund collection, and is presumed lost.</p> <p>A single other specimen from the original Törnquist collection remains (Fig. 1F), although that specimen, as suggested by the original labels written by Robert Eisel, was not part of Törnquist’s 1887 collection, and was collected from the Zeulenroda locality, near Gräfenwarth, Thuringia. The Zeulenroda specimen is not chosen as a neotype because it does not come from the type locality and does not show the main important characteristics of the species.</p> <p>A neotype was selected from material collected at the original type locality by Maletz (Fig. 1G). Justification for the selection of a neotype from that collection is as follows: the specimen has been collected from the same locality and the same strata as the original, and it clearly shows some of the morphology considered characteristic of the genus. These include the simple and very orderly zigzag pattern of lateral ancora sleeve lists, the distinctly climacograptid thecae, each with complete genicular, apertural and mid−ventral lists, and absence of genicular processes. The ancora umbrella, however, is only partly preserved in the specimen and a nema and nematularium is not visible.</p> <p>The remainder of the material illustrated by Moberg and Törnquist (1909: figs. 1.1–1.9) comes from Röddinge in Scania, Sweden, and although bearing genicular processes, was originally identified as P. macilentus. All those specimens, including fig. 1.1, illustrated herein (Fig. 1H) are here identified as belonging to P. robustus.</p> <p>The first good illustrations, showing proximal end characters, were by Eisenack (1951), using isolated, but immature material from Baltic erratic boulders (Fig. 1A). This material, described as a new species by Eisenack, is clearly assignable to P. macilentus. Bouček and Münch (1952) illustrated flattened, but well−preserved and mature specimens from Bohemia (Fig. 1C, D) and used the genus to establish the subfamily Plectograptinae. Paradoxically, in taxonomic practice, it has been primarily from Bouček and Münch’s (1952) elucidation of the Bohemian material that the basic understanding of the morphological characteristics of the proximal end of the genus has been derived. The first SEM studies of isolated material were by Lenz (1993) and Kozłowska−Dawidziuk (1995), and these considerably enlarged the understanding of the genus although as noted above, the illustrated specimens described by them are herein recognized as new species.</p> <p>The simple ancora umbrella (Figs. 2, 3), with a minimum of radial lists, and an incompletely thickened peripheral rim, is comparable to that in other late retiolitids, such as Semiplectograptus and Plectodinemagraptus (Kozłowska−Dawidziuk 1995: fig. 34). This is the Plectograptus type ancora umbrella. It is joined to the rest of the rhabdosome by four pleural lists. These separate the four proximal orifices, and are unseamed. The pre−th 12 lists can be divided into two portions: a distal portion (the true pleural list) without seams, where they separate the pre−th 12 ventral orifice from the lateral orifices, and a proximal portion where they form part of the ancora rim. The ventral part of the rim is not normally thickened into a list, but can be traced in growth as seams along the lists, with fusellar increments projecting from them (Fig. 3), culminating in a prominent “twig” (on the reverse list) marking the final growth of the ancora rim (shown by the arrows in Fig. 3A, B, F). In other late Silurian genera, such as Spinograptus and Holoretiolites, the ancora umbrella is more complex, with more radial list forkings, and the pleural lists do not form the only lists linking the ancora umbrella to the rest of the rhabdosome (Bates et. al. 2005).</p> <p>The thecal framework of Plectograptus is reduced to lateral apertural rods, thecal lips, genicular lists and mid−ventral lists, similar to Spinograptus (Fig. 2A, C). Sockets on the inner face of the junction between pleural lists, genicular lists and lateral apertural rods, mark the conjunction of the thecal walls with the ancora sleeve (Figs. 2B, 6). These take the place of the transverse rods, as seen in genera such as Cometograptus, marking the proximal ends of the ventral thecal walls (Kozłowska−Dawidziuk 2001).</p> <p>Very large proximal obverse and reverse orifices are prominent and unique features of Plectograptus, contrasting markedly with the smaller and more restricted orifices seen in all other genera of the plectograptine group (among the retiolitines, only the poorly known taxon Dabashanograptus chengkouensis Ge, 1990 appears to have large obverse and reverse orifices (Bates et al. 2005: fig. 7B). On their distal sides the first primary lists of the ancora sleeve make conjunctions with the pleural lists distal to the lips of the first two thecae, although there is some variation in the level of contact. The highest position noted is just below the lip of th 31 on the first thecal series, and at the level of the thecal lip of th 22 on the others (Fig. 1A). In contrast, in other genera such as Neogothograptus and Holoretiolites, the distal margins of the first lateral orifices make contact with lists proximal to the lateral apertural rods of the first thecae. Succeeding dorsal lists of the sleeve alternate from side to side, suggesting that the sleeve grew as a series of lobes (Fig. 4). These were extended in parallel with the thecal walls, with which they make conjunctions only along the lateral apertural rods.</p> <p>A nematularium is preserved in some flattened specimens of Plectograptus (Moberg and Törnquist 1909; Bouček and Münch 1952; Tomczyk 1956) (Fig. 1F, H 1). It has not been observed in any isolated material.</p> <p>Plectograptus ? bouceki Rickards, 1967 is not assignable to Plectograptus, because it has sleeve walls which are formed of a reticulum without any major lists, and the proximal end does not have large lateral orifices. Rickards recognized that it resembled Plectograptus ? textor Bouček and Münch, 1952, which was placed in Sokolovograptus by Kozłowska−Dawidziuk (1995: 291). Plectograptus ? carlsteinensis Kozłowska−Dawidziuk et al. 2001 and Plectograptus ? ovatus Kozłowska−Dawidziuk et al. 2001 are excluded from Plectograptus, as they have different proximal end structures (Kozłowska−Dawidziuk et al. 2001). Their generic assignment is unknown.</p> <p>Recently acquired material of Plectograptus has some characters not seen in the type species, permitting the recognition of three new species, described below.</p> <p>The pleural list is without a seam. F. Lateral view of the same region as on A, NMW 91.52G.1686, Baltic erratic boulder No. B9/96, Bramsche, Germany, Gorstian, arrow indicates the change from ancora umbrella rim to pleural list. G. Inside view of ancora hub region with th 11 scar (arrowed), NMW 91.52G.1688B, Baltic erratic boulder No. B9/96, Bramsche, Germany, Gorstian. Scale bars: B–E, G 100 µm; F, 50 µm.</p> <p>Species distinguished here are:</p> <p>– Plectograptus macilentus Törnquist, 1887</p> <p>– Plectograptus toernquisti sp. nov.</p> <p>– Plectograptus mobergi sp. nov.</p> <p>– Plectograptus robustus (Obut and Zaslavskaya, 1983) – Plectograptus trijunctus sp. nov.</p> <p>– Plectograptus wimani (Eisenack, 1951)</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AF5787804868FD57FFD1F96BCB13FA90	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bates, Denis E. B.;Kozłowska, Anna;Maletz, Jörg;Kirk, Nancy H.;Lenz, Alfred	Bates, Denis E. B., Kozłowska, Anna, Maletz, Jörg, Kirk, Nancy H., Lenz, Alfred (2006): The Silurian retiolitid graptolite Plectograptus: New observations and new species. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 51 (3): 525-540, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13651659
AF578780486CFD59FFD1FAACCBB3F914.text	AF578780486CFD59FFD1FAACCBB3F914.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Plectograptus macilentus (Tornquist 1887)	<div><p>Plectograptus macilentus (Törnquist, 1887)</p> <p>Figs. 1A–G, 6D.</p> <p>1887 Retiolites macilentus sp. nov.; Törnquist 1887: 491, fig. 3.?1908 Retiolites (Gothograptus) spinosus (Wood); Elles and Wood</p> <p>1908: 345, text−fig. 226d (non a–c).</p> <p>1909 Plectograptus macilentus (Törnquist, 1887); Moberg and Törnquist 1909: 13, fig. 10. (non figs. 2–9).</p> <p>1951 Plectograptus tetracanthus Eisenack 1951: 140, pl. 23: 6–8; pl. 24: 8; pl. 25: 9; text−figs. 4, 5.</p> <p>1952 Plectograptus macilentus (Törnquist 1887); Bouček and Münch 1952: 22, fig. 7a–f; pl. 1–4.</p> <p>1956 Plectograptus macilentus (Törnquist1887); Tomczyk 1956: 44, pl. 1: 2a, b; text−fig. 9a–c.</p> <p>1971 Retiolites (Plectograptus) macilentus Törnquist 1887; Schauer 1971: 85, pl. 39: 11,12; pl. 40: 7, 8.</p> <p>?1889 Plectograptus macilentus (Törnquist 1887); Pashko 1989: 117, fig. 2.</p> <p>non 1993 Plectograptus (Plectograptus) macilentus (Törnquist 1887); Lenz 1993: 13, pl. 1: 6–8.</p> <p>1994 Plectograptus macilentus (Törnquist 1887); Koren’ 1994: 140, pl. 2: 6.</p> <p>non 1995 Plectograptus macilentus (Törnquist 1887); Kozłowska−Dawidziuk 1995: 317, fig. 33.</p> <p>1995 Plectograptus macilentus (Törnquist 1887); Maletz et al. 1998: pl. 1: 2, 5.</p> <p>1998 Plectograptus macilentus (Törnquist 1887); Kozłowska−Dawidziuk, Lenz and Štorch 1998: fig. 1E.</p> <p>2004 Plectograptus macilentus (Törnquist 1887); Lenz and Kozłowska−Dawidziuk 2004: 21, pl. 23: 1–5; pl. 24: 4–6, 8–12; pl. 26: 15.</p> <p>Neotype: SMF XXIV 433, Wetterahammer, Thuringia, Germany, Gorstian, Neolobograptus nilssoni Zone (Fig. 1G). The slabs associated with the neotype specimen (SMF XXIV 433 to SMF XXIV 442) include a number of specimens of P. macilentus, Spinograptus spinosus, Neogothograptus balticus, Neolobograptus nilssoni (fragments), and Pristiograptus dubius. The graptolites are preserved as greenish pressure shadow minerals with some remaining parts of the periderm in a tectonized black shale.</p> <p>Type locality: The original Wetterahammer or Wetterhammer locality was discussed by Hundt (1910) as his locality No. 6 (see also Zimmermann 1912: 46). He remarked on the presence of Plectograptus macilentus in Zone 19 at the locality. Jaeger (1991) described the biostratigraphy of the remaining modern Wetterahammer locality, which has been modified through road and railroad construction since Törnquist’s visit, showing its biostratigraphic extent crossing the Wenlock–Ludlow boundary and representing an important succession for the documentation of the Cyrtograptus lundgreni extinction event.</p> <p>Diagnosis.— Ancora sleeve with only primary lists. Junctions between ancora sleeve lists, pleural lists, thecal lips and lateral apertural rods forming a quadruple junction. Mid−ventral lists vertical, pleural lists relatively vertical. No genicular processes.</p> <p>Description.—Mature rhabdosome ± 15–20 mm long, width of lateral wall about 2 mm, total width including thecal loops about 4 mm. Rhabdosome more or less parallel−sided throughout, but may taper slightly towards the distal end. Thecae 10–12 in 10 mm. Genicular lips and thecal lists about same size throughout, joined by mid−ventral lists that are more or less vertically oriented. Fairly robust nematularium developed in larger specimens, beginning well inside rhabdosome and projecting well beyond. Without thecal (genicular) processes. Quadruple junctions, as noted in diagnosis.</p> <p>Discussion.—The species was described as Retiolites macilentus by Törnquist in 1887, from poor material from Thuringia, Germany. Moberg and Törnquist erected the genus Plectograptus in 1909, following the study of better−preserved material from Scania, Sweden. When erecting the species in 1887, from Thuringia, Törnquist published only a diagrammatic illustration, reproduced in Fig. 1B. Subsequently, when erecting the genus Plectograptus, Moberg and Törnquist (1909) provided photographs of additional flattened material of P. macilentus from Sweden and the type from Thuringia. Most of the material, which was incorrectly identified as P. macilentus by Moberg and Törnquist in 1909 (e.g., fig. 1.1; illustrated herein as Fig. 1H), is stored in the Lund University Museum (LO 2198–2208).</p> <p>The simple and orderly zig−zag nature of lateral walls of the rhabdosome, and the “climacograptid” profile of the thecae were clearly evident in the original studies of the type material by Törnquist (1887) and Moberg and Törnquist (1909), and these features alone are sufficient to recognize the genus Plectograptus, and most of its species, including P. macilentus. However, one important problem is the absence of the proximal (ancora) end of the rhabdosome in the original type and thus, the very basis of the family Plectograptinae and of the nature of the “ Plectograptus ancora”. This problem has essentially been solved by the universal acceptance of the morphological characteristics of mature specimens described and illustrated in Bouček and Münch (1952) and, subsequently, supplemented, elaborated on, and fully confirmed by the recent SEM studies of isolated material. The second problem, concerns the presence or absence of the thecal processes, and an error involving material studied by the original authors. Moberg and Törnquist (1909) illustrated 10 specimens (including the original type, fig. 1.10) all identified as P. macilentus. Our examination of the nine other specimens, including the best specimen (Fig. 1H), shows them to possess thecal (genicular) processes (see Fig. 9B), and thus are assignable to P. robustus (see below).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AF578780486CFD59FFD1FAACCBB3F914	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bates, Denis E. B.;Kozłowska, Anna;Maletz, Jörg;Kirk, Nancy H.;Lenz, Alfred	Bates, Denis E. B., Kozłowska, Anna, Maletz, Jörg, Kirk, Nancy H., Lenz, Alfred (2006): The Silurian retiolitid graptolite Plectograptus: New observations and new species. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 51 (3): 525-540, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13651659
AF5787804862FD59FFD1F8D4CD50FA00.text	AF5787804862FD59FFD1F8D4CD50FA00.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Plectograptus toernquisti Bates & Kozłowska & Maletz & Kirk & Lenz 2006	<div><p>Plectograptus toernquisti sp. nov.</p> <p>Figs. 3B–G, 6A–C, 7.</p> <p>1993 Plectograptus (Plectograptus) macilentus (Törnquist, 1887); Lenz</p> <p>1993: 13, pl. 1: 6–8.</p> <p>Derivation of the name: In honour of the late Swedish paleontologist S.L. Törnquist who erected the species P. macilentus.</p> <p>Holotype: NMW 91.52 G.1702. Paratypes NMW 91.52 G.1686, NMW 91.52 G. 1688A, NMW 91.52 G. 1693, NMW 91.52 G. 1697, NMW 91.52 G. 1698, NMW 91.52 G. 1701.</p> <p>Type locality: Bramsche, Mecklenburg−Vorpommern, Baltic erratic boulder No. B9/96, Germany.</p> <p>Type horizon: Specimens are associated with specimens of Saetograptus chimaera, Gorstian, Lower Ludlow.</p> <p>Material.—Baltic erratic boulder No. B9/96, Germany; Cornwallis Island, Arctic Canada field collection SB E− 68 m, Gorstian, Lobograptus progenitor Biozone.</p> <p>Diagnosis.—Ancora sleeve with only primary lists. Junctions between ancora sleeve lists, pleural lists, thecal lips and lateral apertural rods quadruple. Mid−ventral lists and lateral apertural rods distinctly inclined inwards from genicular lists to thecal lips. No genicular structures.</p> <p>Description.—Minimum calculated length of rhabdosome 9.5 mm, with nine thecal pairs. Dorso−ventral width gradually increasing from 1.26 mm at the ancora to 2.7 mm at about the 6th thecal pair, then gently narrowing. Scalariform width 1.7 mm. Width of thecal lips 0.84–0.98 mm, height of free ventral walls from geniculum to lip 0.38 mm and from lip to geniculum 0.46 mm. The lateral profile distinctly “saw−toothed” (Fig. 7B), with lateral apertural rods and mid−ventral lists inclined inwards at about 30–40 °, and pleural lists inclined outwards at about the same angle. Genicular lists longer than thecal lips, so that they are convex outwards, and the mid ventral lists therefore longer than the lateral apertural rods (Figs. 4B, 7A, B). Pleural lists join the lateral ancora sleeve lists at the junction with the lateral apertural rods and thecal lips, forming quadruple junctions (Figs. 4B, 7B). As a result the ancora sleeve meshes are hexagonal. Pleural lists are composed entirely of type B lists (Fig. 4B).</p> <p>Discussion.—The material described by Lenz (1993) as Plectograptus macilentus belongs to this new species, having quadruple junctions at the thecal lips, and markedly inward inclined lateral apertural lists.</p> <p>Geographic and stratigraphic range.—EEP and Arctic Canada, Gorstian, Neolobograptus nilssoni and Lobograptus progenitor biozones, respectively.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AF5787804862FD59FFD1F8D4CD50FA00	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bates, Denis E. B.;Kozłowska, Anna;Maletz, Jörg;Kirk, Nancy H.;Lenz, Alfred	Bates, Denis E. B., Kozłowska, Anna, Maletz, Jörg, Kirk, Nancy H., Lenz, Alfred (2006): The Silurian retiolitid graptolite Plectograptus: New observations and new species. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 51 (3): 525-540, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13651659
AF5787804862FD5DFC9BFA3FC8CBFC32.text	AF5787804862FD5DFC9BFA3FC8CBFC32.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Plectograptus mobergi Bates & Kozłowska & Maletz & Kirk & Lenz 2006	<div><p>Plectograptus mobergi sp. nov.</p> <p>Fig. 8.</p> <p>1995 Plectograptus macilentus (Törnquist, 1887); Kozłowska−Dawidziuk 1995: 317, fig. 33.</p> <p>2002 Plectograptus macilentus (Törnquist, 1887); Kozłowska−Dawidziuk 2002: 460–462, fig. 2A.</p> <p>Derivation of the name: In honour of the late Swedish paleontologist J.C.</p> <p>Moberg who, with S.L. Törnquist, studied Plectograptus macilentus.</p> <p>Holotype: MB. G 1091.6 (Fig. 8B).</p> <p>Type locality: MB.G. 1091, Glacial erratic boulder, Stoltera, Mecklenburg−Vorpommern, northern Germany,coll. H. Jaeger (Orig. No. 353).</p> <p>Type horizon: Ludlow, sample includes fragments of a cucullograptid indet.</p> <p>Material. — Nine specimens mounted on SEM stubs and additional fragments including juveniles preserved in glycerine, preserved in Museum fuer Naturkunde, Berlin under the type number MG. B 1091. Other illustrated material from Baltic erratic boulders No. 22, Jarosławiec, Poland; Mielnik borehole, depth 978.9 m, Poland, Ludlow.</p> <p>Diagnosis. —Ancora sleeve with only primary lists, mid−ventral lists vertical. The ancora sleeve list junctions with pleural lists are triple; otherwise like P. macilentus. Pleural lists slightly undulating. No genicular processes.</p> <p>Description. —Maximum length with 12 pairs of thecae 10.1 mm, ancora width 1.2–1.8 mm. Rhabdosome gently widening from 1.74 mm at first thecal pair to 2.16 mm at fourth thecal pair (but parallel sided or tapering gently towards distal end from 2.5–2.0 mm. Scalariform width 0.66 mm proximally. Proximal obverse and reverse orifices 1.3 mm wide by 1.3 mm high. Thecal lips of th 11 0.83 mm distal from ancora hub, of th 12 1 mm distal. Lateral profile with thecal walls from genicular list to lips almost vertical. Pleural lists in two sections, the first inclined inwards from the thecal lips at about 30°and curving inwards to the centre of the ancora sleeve and bearing a proximally facing insertion seam; the second branching from the first about 0.18 mm from the lip junction, inclined outwards at about 6 °, running to the next genicular list.</p> <p>Discussion.—The new species has the ancora sleeve lists junctions with pleural lists (Figs. 4A, 8A 1, B, C, D 1) triple in contrast to those of Plectograptus toernquisti sp. nov.</p> <p>One specimen shows aberrant growth in the distal part of rhabdosome at the level of th 51 (Fig. 8D), and at the level of the next theca it becomes regular again. Theca 51 is incomplete. The distal part of the rhabdosome is displaced towards the reverse side (Fig. 8D 2), and is a little narrower than the proximal portion. The distal lists are thinner than the proximal ones suggesting regeneration of the colony.</p> <p>Geographic and stratigraphic range.—EEP, Ludlow.</p> <p>Plectograptus robustus (Obut and Zaslavskaya, 1983) Figs. 1H, 9B, C.</p> <p>1909 Plectograptus macilentus (Törnquist, 1887); Moberg and Törnquist 1909: 13, pl. 1: 1.</p> <p>1 2</p> <p>1983 Agastograptus robustus Obut and Zaslavskaya, 1983: 108. pl. 24: 1–3.</p> <p>pars 2002 Plectograptus robustus (Obut and Zaslavskaya, 1983), Kozłowska−Dawidziuk 2002: 462, fig. 2D. non 2002 Plectograptus robustus (Obut and Zaslavskaya, 1983); Kozłowska−Dawidziuk 2002: 462, fig. 2C.</p> <p>2004 Plectograptus robustus (Obut and Zaslavskaya, 1983); Lenz and Kozłowska−Dawidziuk 2004: 22, pl. 24: 1–3, 7; pl. 26: 3, 4, 8, 9, 11–14.</p> <p>Emended diagnosis.—Ancora sleeve with only primary lists, mid−ventral lists vertical. Quadruple junctions among ancora sleeve lists, pleural lists, thecal lips and lateral apertural rods.</p> <p>Pleural lists slightly undulating. Paired reticulofusellar genicular processes as in Plectograptus trijunctus sp. nov.</p> <p>Material — Three specimens, glacial erratic boulder, Spandau bei Berlin, Germany, coll. H. Jaeger (Orig. No. 173), MB. G 1081; one flattened specimen from Grube “Frisch Glueck” near Zwickau, south of Stenn, Germany, Ludlow, Neolobograptus nilssoni Biozone.</p> <p>Description.—Maximum length of rhabdosome with 6 pairs of thecae 5.5 mm, ancora width about 1.5 mm. Rhabdosome gently widening to about 2.5 mm distally. Pleural lists in two sections, similar to P. mobergi.</p> <p>One flattened specimen from Grube “Frisch Glueck” near Zwickau represents a mature rhabdosome of P. robustus with 18 thecal pairs and a well−developed nematularium, which is preserved only inside the distal part of the rhabdosome (Fig. 9B). The rhabdosome distinctly tapers distally. Genicular processes are not developed in the distalmost thecae.</p> <p>Discussion.—The material identified as Plectograptus robustus by Kozłowska−Dawidziuk (2002: 462, fig. 2C) is assigned to the new species Plectograptus trijunctus based on it having a triple junction and genicular processes (Fig. 9A).</p> <p>The specimen from Central Asia illustrated in Koren’ (1994: pl. 2: 6) may represent P. robustus, since the quadruple junction is clear. There is no proximal end preserved and possible genicular processes are visible only in proximal thecae. The specimen of Plectograptus robustus illustrated in Fig. 9C has a quadruple junction in all thecae except th 11. There are also some distortions in the proximal and distal parts of the rhabdosome.</p> <p>Geographic and stratigraphic range.—EEP, lower Gorstian, Neolobograptus nilssoni Biozone.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AF5787804862FD5DFC9BFA3FC8CBFC32	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bates, Denis E. B.;Kozłowska, Anna;Maletz, Jörg;Kirk, Nancy H.;Lenz, Alfred	Bates, Denis E. B., Kozłowska, Anna, Maletz, Jörg, Kirk, Nancy H., Lenz, Alfred (2006): The Silurian retiolitid graptolite Plectograptus: New observations and new species. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 51 (3): 525-540, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13651659
AF5787804866FD5DFFD1FBCBCD8DFE0C.text	AF5787804866FD5DFFD1FBCBCD8DFE0C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Plectograptus trijunctus Bates & Kozłowska & Maletz & Kirk & Lenz 2006	<div><p>Plectograptus trijunctus sp. nov.</p> <p>Fig. 9A.</p> <p>2002 Plectograptus robustus (Obut and Zaslavskaya, 1983); Kozłowska−Dawidziuk 2002: 462, fig. 2c.</p> <p>Derivation of the name: From the Latin tri and junctus, for a three junction.</p> <p>Holotype: Holotype ZPAL G.27/2 (Fig. 9A).</p> <p>Type locality: Bartoszyce borehole, 1627.0 m, Poland.</p> <p>Type horizon: Gorstian, Neolobograptus nilssoni Biozone.</p> <p>Material.— One immature specimen and several fragments from Bartoszyce borehole, 1627.0 m, Poland.</p> <p>Diagnosis.—Ancora sleeve only primary lists, mid−ventral lists vertical. The ancora sleeve list junctions with pleural lists triple. Thecal walls inclined inwards from genicular to apertural lists, similar to Plectograptus mobergi and P. wimani. Paired reticulofusellar genicular processes similar to those of P. robustus.</p> <p>Description.—Proximal obverse and reverse orifices as well as thecal profiles similar to Plectograptus robustus. Lateral profile with thecal walls from genicular list to lips slightly undulating. Pleural lists in two sections, similar to P. mobergi. Genicular processes on immature specimen with three thecal pairs, developed only on third pair of thecae. See also Kozłowska−Dawidziuk (2002) for additional description.</p> <p>Discussion.—The new species is similar to Plectograptus robustus in having similar apertural processes and thecal profiles, but in contrast to Plectograptus robustus, the ancora sleeve list junctions with the pleural lists are triple rather than quadruple. Geographic and stratigraphic range.—EEP, lower Gorstian,</p> <p>Neolobograptus nilssoni Biozone.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AF5787804866FD5DFFD1FBCBCD8DFE0C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bates, Denis E. B.;Kozłowska, Anna;Maletz, Jörg;Kirk, Nancy H.;Lenz, Alfred	Bates, Denis E. B., Kozłowska, Anna, Maletz, Jörg, Kirk, Nancy H., Lenz, Alfred (2006): The Silurian retiolitid graptolite Plectograptus: New observations and new species. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 51 (3): 525-540, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13651659
AF5787804866FD5FFC9BFE38C8FAFE6C.text	AF5787804866FD5FFC9BFE38C8FAFE6C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Plectograptus wimani (Eisenack 1951)	<div><p>Plectograptus wimani (Eisenack, 1951)</p> <p>Fig. 10.</p> <p>1951 Retiolites wimani sp. nov.; Eisenack 1951: 145, pl. 25: 8.</p> <p>1951 Retiolites sp. indet. Eisenack 1951: 146, figs. 6, 7.</p> <p>1995 Plectograptus wimani (Eisenack, 1951); Kozłowska−Dawidziuk 1995: 318, fig. 27E.</p> <p>Emended diagnosis.—Ancora sleeve with secondary lists, quadruple list junctions at ends of apertural lists. Thecal walls inclined inwards from genicular to apertural lists. Singular reticulated genicular hood as wide as a length of genicular list.</p> <p>Material.—Three mature specimens, partly damaged, and one at ancora stage of growth (Kozłowska−Dawidziuk 1995), Mielnik Borehole, Poland, depth 1044.9 m, Gorstian, Neolobograptus nilssoni Biozone.</p> <p>Description.—Largest specimen with 12 pairs of thecae, compressed almost flat, resulting in outward bulging of the thecal lips and genicular lists (Fig. 10). Ancora umbrella and distal end broken off (Fig. 10A). Width of ancora sleeve gradually increasing from 2.05 mm at the level of the first geniculum to 2.62 mm at the 7 th thecal pair, gradually decreasing to 2.05 mm at the level of the 10 th thecal pair. Total length estimated at 11.7 mm. Thecal orifices calculated as 1.00 mm wide by 0.36 mm from lip to geniculum, and cross−sectional obverse to reverse width of rhabdosome 2.08 mm. Primary ancora sleeve lists joining the lateral apertural rod/ thecal lip/pleural list junction. Secondary (reticular) lists of the sleeve form a stout meshwork between the primary lists. Genicular processes complex and loop−shaped (Fig. 10F), inclined proximally at about 30 ° from the horizontal (Fig. 10A).</p> <p>The genicular processes are formed of primary curving lists, each bearing an insertion seam on its inner face, and secondary lists which are oblique to the primary lists, having seams on their inner or outer sides.</p> <p>Discussion.—The illustrated specimen (Fig. 10) represents a more mature rhabdosome than the holotype (Eisenack 1951: pl. 25: 8), which has thinner lists and only incipient genicular processes. Two fragmentary rhabdosomes illustrated by Eisenack (1951: figs. 6, 7) represent more mature stages of growth, with better developed genicular processes, similar to the Polish material.</p> <p>The insertion seams on the inner face of the primary lists making the genicular processes, show that the processes were formed initially with a (fusellar) membrane. The secondary lists with their inner or outer seams therefore were formed on the outer and inner faces respectively of the process.</p> <p>Geographic and stratigraphic range.—EEP, lower Gorstian, Neolobograptus nilssoni Biozone.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AF5787804866FD5FFC9BFE38C8FAFE6C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bates, Denis E. B.;Kozłowska, Anna;Maletz, Jörg;Kirk, Nancy H.;Lenz, Alfred	Bates, Denis E. B., Kozłowska, Anna, Maletz, Jörg, Kirk, Nancy H., Lenz, Alfred (2006): The Silurian retiolitid graptolite Plectograptus: New observations and new species. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 51 (3): 525-540, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13651659
