taxonID	type	description	language	source
BA8C12F5782B55449E056B99544F6D39.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (Yunnan).	en	Suzuki, Yuya, Hiramatsu, Takehisa, Tatsuta, Haruki (2022): Two new species and a new genus of ray spiders (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae) from the Ryukyu Islands, southwest Japan, with notes on their natural history. ZooKeys 1109: 67-101, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807
FCA223EB749E558DB6A371A9D9C1B65B.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The generic name Sennin is noun in apposition, masculine, and derived from the Japanese word meaning mountain hermits, a person who acquires a spiritual power after living a secluded life deep in the mountains. Iriomote Island, where the new species inhabits, is famous for a man called Sennin, who was self-sufficient, lived in the coastal caves, and single-handedly built a wooden hut.	en	Suzuki, Yuya, Hiramatsu, Takehisa, Tatsuta, Haruki (2022): Two new species and a new genus of ray spiders (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae) from the Ryukyu Islands, southwest Japan, with notes on their natural history. ZooKeys 1109: 67-101, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807
FCA223EB749E558DB6A371A9D9C1B65B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This genus can be distinguished from other theridiosomatid genera by the following characteristics: a large, oblong cymbial outgrowth (cymbial apophysis) protruding from the basal and dorsal part of cymbium of male palp (Figs 7 A-C, 9 A-C); an embolic division with three elongated bristle-like embolic apophyses with the longest one coiled (Figs 7 F-J, 9 F-J); the anterior margin of the epigynal plate with a pair of sclerotized, triangular extensions protruding anteriorly from the anterolateral side (Figs 8 A, D; 10 A, D; arrowed; Zhu et al. 2001: fig. 4; Chen 2010: figs 19, 20); the vulva with long copulatory ducts coiling at the lateral side of the spermatheca (Figs 8 C, D, 10 C, D).	en	Suzuki, Yuya, Hiramatsu, Takehisa, Tatsuta, Haruki (2022): Two new species and a new genus of ray spiders (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae) from the Ryukyu Islands, southwest Japan, with notes on their natural history. ZooKeys 1109: 67-101, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807
03ED24B0DB99509484F5D805F6BACC44.taxon	description	[New Japanese name: Iriomote-hora-ana-karakara-gumo] Figs 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 E, 14 A-G, 15 D-E	en	Suzuki, Yuya, Hiramatsu, Takehisa, Tatsuta, Haruki (2022): Two new species and a new genus of ray spiders (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae) from the Ryukyu Islands, southwest Japan, with notes on their natural history. ZooKeys 1109: 67-101, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807
03ED24B0DB99509484F5D805F6BACC44.taxon	materials_examined	Additional material examined. Japan, Iriomote Is. (Okinawa Prefecture): 1 ♀, Yaeyama District, Taketomi Town, Haemi, Otomi-daiichi-do Caves (24 ° 17 ' 31.0 " N, 123 ° 52 ' 45.7 " E, alt. 30 m), 3 May 2021, Y. Suzuki leg.; 1 ♀, Yaeyama District, Taketomi Town, Takana, Yutsun-Do Caves, a small cave on coastal cliff (24 ° 23 ' 08.90 " N, 123 ° 53 ' 27.89 " E, alt. 10 m), 21 Mar. 2019, Y. Suzuki leg.; 1 ♀, Takana, Yutsun-Do Caves, a large cave opening on coastal cliff (24 ° 23 ' 05.88 " N, 123 ° 53 ' 25.00 " E, alt. 7 m), 28 Mar. 2008, T. Hiramatsu leg.; 6 ♂ 7 ♀, Takana, Yutsun-Do Caves, a large cave opening on coastal cliff (24 ° 23 ' 05.88 " N, 123 ° 53 ' 25.00 " E, alt. 7 m), 1 May 2021, Y. Suzuki leg.; 2 ♀, Takana, Yutsun-Do Caves, cavities of rocks on coastal cliff (24 ° 23 ' 04.96 " N, 123 ° 53 ' 23.82 " E, alt. 10 m), 22 Jun. 2021, Y. Suzuki leg.; 3 ♀, Takana, Yutsun-Do Caves, a cave beside Shirahama-haemi-sen road (24 ° 23 ' 06.5 " N, 123 ° 53 ' 31.2 " E, alt. 27 m), 24 Jun. 2021, Y. Suzuki leg.; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, Haemi, limestone rocky walls in a secondary forest (24 ° 16 ' 08.48 " N, 123 ° 52 ' 01.52 " E, alt. 16 m), 24 Jun. 2021, Y. Suzuki leg.	en	Suzuki, Yuya, Hiramatsu, Takehisa, Tatsuta, Haruki (2022): Two new species and a new genus of ray spiders (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae) from the Ryukyu Islands, southwest Japan, with notes on their natural history. ZooKeys 1109: 67-101, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807
03ED24B0DB99509484F5D805F6BACC44.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name is patronym dedicated to Dr. Akio Tanikawa, a Japanese arachnologist who has contributed remarkably to the elucidation of the spider fauna in Iriomote Island and offered us many specimens including type specimens.	en	Suzuki, Yuya, Hiramatsu, Takehisa, Tatsuta, Haruki (2022): Two new species and a new genus of ray spiders (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae) from the Ryukyu Islands, southwest Japan, with notes on their natural history. ZooKeys 1109: 67-101, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807
03ED24B0DB99509484F5D805F6BACC44.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Males of this species can be distinguished from the allied Sennin coddingtoni comb. nov. by the following characteristics: cymbial apophysis is wider in relation to palpal tibia length while it is almost the same length as S. coddingtoni comb. nov. (CAW / PTL = 2.41 in S. tanikawai sp. nov., also see Fig. 9 A, B; 1. 00 in S. coddingtoni comb. nov.; also see Zhu et al. 2001: fig. 7); median apophysis of S. tanikawai sp. nov. is longer and narrower dorsally (MAL / MAW 1.63; Fig. 9 E) compared to that of the latter (MAL / MAW 0.85, based on Chen 2010: fig. 24); the less-sclerotized distal part of median apophysis is lanceolate with pointed tip on ventral terminal in S. tanikawai sp. nov. (arrows in Figs 7 E, 9 E), while that of S. coddingtoni comb. nov. is falcate (Chen 2010: fig. 24). Females of S. tanikawai sp. nov. can be distinguished from S. coddingtoni comb. nov. by the following characteristics: longer epigynal scape (ESL / VW 0.46 in S. tanikawai sp. nov., Fig. 10; 0.16 in S. coddingtoni comb. nov., based on Chen 2010: fig. 19); tip of spermatheca is strongly curved anteriorly in S. tanikawai sp. nov., whereas it is almost straight in S. coddingtoni comb. nov.; the course of copulatory ducts: ducts from both sides juxtaposed at the middle of vulva ventral to spermathecae and continue posteriorly straight toward epigynal scape, then make a right-angle turn and apart laterally (arrows in Figs 8 C, 10 C), while in S. coddingtoni comb. nov. the ducts apart to each other ventrally to the spermatheca and curved laterally (Zhu et al. 2001: fig. 5).	en	Suzuki, Yuya, Hiramatsu, Takehisa, Tatsuta, Haruki (2022): Two new species and a new genus of ray spiders (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae) from the Ryukyu Islands, southwest Japan, with notes on their natural history. ZooKeys 1109: 67-101, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807
03ED24B0DB99509484F5D805F6BACC44.taxon	description	Description. Male (NSMT-Ar 21722). Measurements. Body 2.30 long. Carapace 1.07 long, 1.10 wide, 0.72 high. Eye size and interdistances: AME 0.09, ALE 0.09, PME 0.10, PLE 0.08, AME-AME 0.02, AME-ALE 0.03, PME-PME 0.03, PLE-PLE 0.08, Leg length: leg I 1.62 + 0.53 + 1.30 + 1.08 + 0.50 = 5.03; leg II 1.30 + 0.49 + 1.03 + 0.91 + 0.49 = 4.22; leg III 0.70 + 0.39 + 0.56 + 0.63 + 0.38 = 2.66; leg IV 0.93 + 0.40 + 0.73 + 0.69 + 0.38 = 3.14. Abdomen 1.32 long, 1.44 wide, 1.61 high. Carapace oval, wider than long (CaL / CaW 0.97). Chelicerae with six teeth on promargin with the largest one positioned close to the fang base, no teeth on retromargin (Fig. 6 D). Anterior eye row recurved, posterior eye row straight. Cymbial apophysis of palp 0.297 long, 0.111 wide. Macrosetae: leg I: femur r 1 - p 1, patella d 1, tibia d 2 - r 1 - p 1; leg II: femur r 1, patella d 1, tibia d 2 - r 1; leg III: patella d 1, tibia d 1; leg IV: patella d 1, tibia d 1. Abdomen oval, wider than long (AL / AW 0.92). Abdomen covered with long and thin setae. Coloration and markings (Fig. 6). Carapace, mouthparts, sternum, and legs dark yellowish brown (turning to yellowish brown in ethanol). Eyes on dark bases. Legs lacking annulation. Abdomen pale yellowish grey, dorsum of abdomen with two pairs of sigilla. Palp (Figs 7, 9). Palpal patella with a strong dorsal macroseta. Paracymbium hook-like with a sharp tip. Cymbial lamella robust. Dorsal cymbial apophysis oblong, plate-like with blunt tip, extending anterior-retrolaterally. Tegulum large, bulbous, and occupying a large part of the palpal organ. Embolic division is a complex of long bristle-like apophyses, entirely covered with translucent conductor, and none of the embolic apophyses are exposed. Embolus short, blunt, and covered with a membrane. Three embolic apophyses conspicuous, EA 1 thickest, protruding middle of embolic division, S-shaped and sharper distally; EA 2 longest among them, bristle-like, basal part swelled, forming a loop at the ventro-prolateral side, distal part along with EA 1; EA 3 thinnest, protruding from prolateral side of embolic division. Median apophysis with a deep groove dividing it into two parts, distal translucent, weakly sclerotized and sharper ventrally, basal triangular, strongly sclerotized with narrower dorsally and spatula-like at ventral tip, MAL 1.07, MAW 0.66. Female (paratype, NSMT-Ar 21723). Measurements. Body 2.37 long. Carapace 1.05 long, 1.06 wide, 0.65 high. Eye size and interdistances: AME 0.10, ALE 0.10, PME 0.12, PLE 0.09, AME-AME 0.02, AME-ALE 0.04, PME-PME 0.03, PLE-PLE 0.08. Leg length: leg I: 1.43 + 0.49 + 1.01 + 0.87 + 0.48 = 4.28; leg II: 1.22 + 0.45 + 0.85 + 0.70 + 0.40 = 3.62; leg III: 0.77 + 0.40 + 0.52 + 0.56 + 0.37 = 2.62; leg IV: 0.90 + 0.36 + 0.71 + 0.59 + 0.38 = 2.94. Abdomen 1.58 long, 1.45 wide, 1.49 high. Carapace oval, as long as wide (CaL / CaW 0.99). Chelicerae with five teeth on promargin with the largest one positioned close to fang base, no teeth on posterior margin (Fig. 6 H). Anterior eye row recurved, posterior eye row straight. Macrosetae: leg I: femur p 1, patella d 1, tibia d 2 - r 1 - p 1; leg II: patella d 1, tibia d 2 - r 1; leg III: patella d 1, tibia d 1; leg IV: patella d 1, tibia d 1. Abdomen as in male (AL / AW 1.09). Coloration and markings (Fig. 6). As in male. Genitalia (Figs 8, 10). Epigyne a wide plate with an epigynal scape protruding from the posterior margin, epigynal scape spoon-like, and convex ventrally. Anterior margin of epigynal plate with a pair of dark-colored, sclerotized extensions protruding anteriorly from anterolateral side. Vulva. Spermatheca elliptical, longer laterally juxtaposed at the tip. Copulatory bursae developed. Course of copulatory ducts complicated: originating from copulatory bursae at ventral side, touching each other along the mesial line of the vulva, running posterior-dorsally under spermathecae, bend at a right angle toward laterally, curving anterior-dorsally at lateral side of vulva, forming a coil at lateral side of spermathecae, and then connecting to spermathecae. Fertilization ducts running under copulatory ducts and tip dorsally.	en	Suzuki, Yuya, Hiramatsu, Takehisa, Tatsuta, Haruki (2022): Two new species and a new genus of ray spiders (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae) from the Ryukyu Islands, southwest Japan, with notes on their natural history. ZooKeys 1109: 67-101, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807
03ED24B0DB99509484F5D805F6BACC44.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Japan (Iriomote Island; Fig. 11).	en	Suzuki, Yuya, Hiramatsu, Takehisa, Tatsuta, Haruki (2022): Two new species and a new genus of ray spiders (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae) from the Ryukyu Islands, southwest Japan, with notes on their natural history. ZooKeys 1109: 67-101, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807
ED480740B0435179884CA5007623E190.taxon	description	Figs 12 D, 13 D-E, 15 C	en	Suzuki, Yuya, Hiramatsu, Takehisa, Tatsuta, Haruki (2022): Two new species and a new genus of ray spiders (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae) from the Ryukyu Islands, southwest Japan, with notes on their natural history. ZooKeys 1109: 67-101, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807
ED480740B0435179884CA5007623E190.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Japan, Kurima Is. (Okinawa Prefecture): 2 ♂, Miyakojima City, Shimojikuruma (24 ° 43 ' 29.2 " N, 125 ° 15 ' 09.2 " E, alt. 41 m) ,, 17 Nov. 2021, Y. Suzuki leg. Miyako Is. (Okinawa Prefecture): 3 ♂ 3 ♀, Miyakojima City, Hiraranishihara, grassland at roadside (24 ° 49 ' 53.5 " N, 125 ° 18 ' 55.0 " E, alt. 46 m), 24 Apr. 2022, Y. Suzuki leg. Kuroshima Is. (Okinawa Prefecture): 2 ♂ 1 ♀, Yaeyama District, Taketomi Town, edge of coastal forest besides Hokei beach (24 ° 14 ' 26.2 " N, 123 ° 59 ' 32.7 " E, alt. 0 m), 2 Nov. 2021, Y. Suzuki leg. Yonaguni Is. (Okinawa Prefecture): 1 ♀, Yaeyama District, Yonaguni Town, Yonaguni (24 ° 27 ' 58.8 " N, 123 ° 01 ' 20.1 " E, alt. 49 m), 12 Oct. 2021, Y. Suzuki leg.; 2 ♂ 2 ♀, Yaeyama District, Yonaguni Town, Sonai Village (24 ° 28 ' 10.5 " N, 123 ° 00 ' 31.7 " E, alt. 19 m), 12 Oct. 2021, Y. Suzuki leg.; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, Yaeyama District, Yonaguni Town, wetland beside secondary forest (24 ° 27 ' 16.3 " N, 122 ° 59 ' 24.3 " E, alt. 38 m), 14 Oct. 2021, Y. Suzuki leg.	en	Suzuki, Yuya, Hiramatsu, Takehisa, Tatsuta, Haruki (2022): Two new species and a new genus of ray spiders (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae) from the Ryukyu Islands, southwest Japan, with notes on their natural history. ZooKeys 1109: 67-101, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807
ED480740B0435179884CA5007623E190.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Japan (Miyako, Kurima, Iriomote, Kuroshima, and Yonaguni Islands; Fig. 11).	en	Suzuki, Yuya, Hiramatsu, Takehisa, Tatsuta, Haruki (2022): Two new species and a new genus of ray spiders (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae) from the Ryukyu Islands, southwest Japan, with notes on their natural history. ZooKeys 1109: 67-101, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807
6441B78304AC513486B803D21C6660E5.taxon	description	Figs 11, 12 A, 15 B	en	Suzuki, Yuya, Hiramatsu, Takehisa, Tatsuta, Haruki (2022): Two new species and a new genus of ray spiders (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae) from the Ryukyu Islands, southwest Japan, with notes on their natural history. ZooKeys 1109: 67-101, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807
6441B78304AC513486B803D21C6660E5.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Japan, Amami Is. (Kagoshima Prefecture): 1 ♀, Amami City, Nase-uragami Town (28 ° 23 ' 55.6 " N, 129 ° 32 ' 27.5 " E, alt. 139 m), 1 Jul. 2021, Y. Suzuki leg.; 4 ♀, Amami City, Sumiyo Town, Nishinakama, Santaro-toge Pass (28 ° 15 ' 48.7 " N, 129 ° 25 ' 09.0 " E, alt. 141 m), 6 May 2021, Y. Suzuki leg.; 1 ♀, Oshima District, Yamato Village, Oganeku, Materiya-no-taki Waterfall (28 ° 19 ' 04.4 " N, 129 ° 21 ' 08.2 " E, alt. 176 m), 4 Jul. 2021, Y. Suzuki leg. Okinoerabu Is. (Kagoshima Prefecture): 2 ♂ 4 ♀, Oshima District, China Town, Tokudoki (27 ° 21 ' 34.5 " N, 128 ° 33 ' 02.8 " E, alt. 134 m), 8 Dec. 2021, Y. Suzuki leg. Okinawa Is. (Okinawa Prefecture): 2 ♂ 3 ♀, Naha City, Shuri-sueyoshi Town, Sueyoshi-koen Park (26 ° 13 ' 39.6 " N, 127 ° 42 ' 55.3 " E, alt. 25 m), 7 Mar. 2021, Y. Suzuki leg.; 2 ♀, Kunigami District, Ogimi Village, Nerome (26 ° 40 ' 49.7 " N, 128 ° 08 ' 01.1 " E, alt. 128 m), 14 Apr. 2021, Y. Suzuki leg.; 1 ♀, Kunigami District, Ogimi Village, Ogimi (26 ° 40 ' 57.9 " N, 128 ° 08 ' 21.6 " E, alt. 311 m), 15 May 2021, Y. Suzuki leg. Iriomote Is. (Okinawa Prefecture): 1 ♂ 3 ♀, Yaeyama District, Taketomi Town, Haiminaka, Otomi-rindo Path (24 ° 17 ' 52.6 " N, 123 ° 52 ' 47.3 " E, alt. 18 m), 30 Apr. 2021, Y. Suzuki leg.; 1 ♂ 3 ♀, Otomi-daiichi-do Cave (24 ° 17 ' 31.0 " N, 123 ° 52 ' 45.7 " E, alt. 30 m), 1 May 2021, Y. Suzuki leg.	en	Suzuki, Yuya, Hiramatsu, Takehisa, Tatsuta, Haruki (2022): Two new species and a new genus of ray spiders (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae) from the Ryukyu Islands, southwest Japan, with notes on their natural history. ZooKeys 1109: 67-101, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807
6441B78304AC513486B803D21C6660E5.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Japan (Amami, Okinoerabu, Okinawa, Ishigaki, and Iriomote Islands; Fig. 11).	en	Suzuki, Yuya, Hiramatsu, Takehisa, Tatsuta, Haruki (2022): Two new species and a new genus of ray spiders (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae) from the Ryukyu Islands, southwest Japan, with notes on their natural history. ZooKeys 1109: 67-101, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807
7DB5E5350D4B518780EED99D3A3E129C.taxon	description	[New Japanese name: Jyabara-karakara-gumo] Figs 1, 2, 3, 11, 12 C, 13 A-C, 15 A	en	Suzuki, Yuya, Hiramatsu, Takehisa, Tatsuta, Haruki (2022): Two new species and a new genus of ray spiders (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae) from the Ryukyu Islands, southwest Japan, with notes on their natural history. ZooKeys 1109: 67-101, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807
7DB5E5350D4B518780EED99D3A3E129C.taxon	materials_examined	Other material examined. Japan, Okinawa Is. (Okinawa Prefecture): 10 ♀, Naha City, Shuri-sueyoshi Town, Sueyoshi-koen Park (26 ° 13 ' 45.0 " N, 127 ° 42 ' 49.8 " E, alt. 49 m), [7 Mar. 2021 (1 ♀), 8 Mar. 2021 (9 ♀)], Y. Suzuki leg.; 5 ♀, Nakagami District, Nishihara Town, Tanabaru, Tanabaru Gusuku (26 ° 14 ' 44.3 " N, 127 ° 45 ' 16.4 " E, alt. 141 m), 8 Apr. 2021, Y. Suzuki leg.; 2 ♂, Kunigami District, Kunigami Village, Yona (26 ° 44 ' 35.2 " N, 128 ° 14 ' 55.1 " E, alt. 195 m), 19 Sep. 2021, Y. Suzuki leg.; 1 ♀, Ogusuku (26 ° 17 ' 09.5 " N, 127 ° 48 ' 13.1 " E, alt. 136 m), Nakagami Distirct, Kitanakagusuku Village, R. Serita leg. Kume Is. (Okinawa Prefecture): 1 ♀ 2 juv., Shimajiri District, Kumejima Town, Jyanado (26 ° 20 ' 46.2 " N, 126 ° 47 ' 52.0 " E, alt. 16 m), 10 Sep. 2021, Y. Suzuki leg. Aka Is. (Okinawa Prefecture): 1 ♀, Shimajiri District, Zamami Village, Aka, streamside at dim forest (26 ° 11 ' 47.11 " N, 127 ° 16 ' 57.09 " E, alt. 65 m), 16 Mar. 2022, Y. Suzuki leg.	en	Suzuki, Yuya, Hiramatsu, Takehisa, Tatsuta, Haruki (2022): Two new species and a new genus of ray spiders (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae) from the Ryukyu Islands, southwest Japan, with notes on their natural history. ZooKeys 1109: 67-101, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807
7DB5E5350D4B518780EED99D3A3E129C.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name is a Latin adjective derived from the black striped pattern on the dorsal abdomen of the new species.	en	Suzuki, Yuya, Hiramatsu, Takehisa, Tatsuta, Haruki (2022): Two new species and a new genus of ray spiders (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae) from the Ryukyu Islands, southwest Japan, with notes on their natural history. ZooKeys 1109: 67-101, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807
7DB5E5350D4B518780EED99D3A3E129C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Males of the new species resemble T. alboannulatum Suzuki, Serita & Hiramatsu, 2020 in having two parallel embolic apophyses exposed from conductor and lacking a conductor projection on the male palp. They can be distinguished by the presence of one embolic apophysis longer than another and the shape of the sclerotized distal margin of conductor beneath embolic apophyses: a ridge separates the two triangular surfaces and sharply cornered at the terminal of the ridge in T. nigrivirgatum sp. nov. (Figs 2 C, 3 C), while a ridge is lacking in T. alboannulatum (Suzuki et al. 2020: fig. 12 E, F). Females of the new species resemble those of T. diwang Miller, Griswold & Yin, 2009 in having a small and narrow slit on the posterior margin of the epigynal plate, but can be distinguished by the shape of the vulva: genital plate is bell-shaped and longer than wide; spermathecae are positioned at the anterior part of the vulva in T. nigrivirgatum sp. nov. (Figs 2 G, 3 G), while the vulva is wider than long, copulatory ducts extend anteriorly, and the position of spermatheca is lower than the anterior margin of the copulatory ducts in T. diwang (Miller et al. 2009: fig. 3 G). Both sexes can be distinguished from congeners by their abdominal color and patterns: a dark marking on the anterior dorsum, two pairs of dark markings on the dorsolateral side, and dark striped markings on the posterior dorsum (Fig. 1).	en	Suzuki, Yuya, Hiramatsu, Takehisa, Tatsuta, Haruki (2022): Two new species and a new genus of ray spiders (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae) from the Ryukyu Islands, southwest Japan, with notes on their natural history. ZooKeys 1109: 67-101, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807
7DB5E5350D4B518780EED99D3A3E129C.taxon	description	Description. Male (holotype, NSMT-Ar 21717). Measurements. Body 1.02 long. Carapace 0.45 long, 0.46 wide, and 0.36 high. Eye size and interdistances, AME 0.054, ALE 0.047, PME 0.050, PLE 0.042, AME-AME 0.022, AME-ALE 0.017, PME-PME 0.012, PLE-PLE 0.030. Leg length: leg I 0.47 + 0.17 + 0.31 + 0.29 + 0.20 = 1.44; leg II 0.38 + 0.15 + 0.26 + 0.24 + 0.18 = 1.21; leg III 0.23 + 0.13 + 0.14 + 0.18 + 0.13 = 0.81; leg IV 0.30 + 0.13 + 0.20 + 0.20 + 0.15 = 0.98. Abdomen 0.58 long, 0.60 wide, 0.80 high. Carapace oval, wider than long (CaL / CaW 0.98). Chelicerae with three teeth on promargin. Abdomen oval and wider than long (AL / AW 0.97). Coloration and markings (Fig. 1 A-D). Carapace, chelicerae, and legs dark yellowish brown (turning to yellowish brown in ethanol). Cephalic groove stained with dark spots. Anterolateral margin of carapace dark grey. Mouthparts dark yellowish brown. Sternum pale yellowish brown with black lateral margins. Eyes on the dark bases. Legs yellowish brown with femora pale and lacking annulations. Abdomen pale yellowish brown with a dark greyish marking on anterior dorsum, two pairs of dark greyish spots on dorsolateral sides, and dark-colored longitudinal stripes on posterior dorsum. Spinnerets and ventral side of abdomen dark grey. Palp (Figs 2 A-D, 3 A-D). Palpal patella with a strong retrolateral macroseta. Paracymbium hook-like with a blunt tip. Tegulum bulbous. Embolic division covered with a semitransparent conductor and composed of several apophyses. Conductor lacking conductor projection. Two long and parallel bristle-like embolic apophyses exposed from the conductor. Posterior margin of the embolic division strongly sclerotized with angular corners, the middle one pointed, the retrolateral one blunt, a ridge separates two triangular surfaces: one is covered by embolic division and the other is not (Fig. 3 C). Tegular surface beneath conductor weakly sclerotized with denticles. Median apophysis narrower toward the pointed tip. Female (paratype: NSMT-Ar 21718). Measurements. Body 1.31 long. Carapace 0.51 long, 0.50 wide, 0.41 high. Eye size and interdistances: AME 0.057, ALE 0.058, PME 0.060, PLE 0.053, AME-AME 0.019, AME-ALE 0.032, PME-PME 0.009, PLE-PLE 0.043. Leg length: leg I 0.61 + 0.20 + 0.29 + 0.26 + 0.19 = 1.55; leg II 0.40 + 0.16 + 0.24 + 0.19 + 0.16 = 1.15; leg III 0.24 + 0.15 + 0.14 + 0.17 + 0.13 = 0.83; leg IV 0.40 + 0.17 + 0.23 + 0.20 + 0.14 = 1.97. Abdomen 0.86 long, 0.87 wide, 0.90 high. Carapace oval and almost as long as wide (CaL / CaW 1.02). Chelicerae with three teeth on promargin. Abdomen oval and as long as wide (CaL / CaW 0.99). Coloration and markings (Fig. 1 E-H). Carapace and chelicerae pale yellowish brown. Lateral margin of carapace dark grey. Eyes on the dark bases. Eyes, mouthparts, sternum, and legs as in male. Abdomen yellowish brown with dark greyish markings similar to the male, and dark orange markings on the dorsum and sides. Genitalia (Figs 2 E-G, 3 E-G). Epigyne a wide plate with a short and narrow slit in the middle of the posterior margin. Vulva. Copulatory ducts moderately complicated. Spermathecae rounded triangular and juxtaposed. Fertilization ducts with curved tips. Variations. The color and patterns of the abdomen vary: male specimens collected from Northern Okinawa lack longitudinal stripes on the posterior dorsum of the abdomen.	en	Suzuki, Yuya, Hiramatsu, Takehisa, Tatsuta, Haruki (2022): Two new species and a new genus of ray spiders (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae) from the Ryukyu Islands, southwest Japan, with notes on their natural history. ZooKeys 1109: 67-101, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807
7DB5E5350D4B518780EED99D3A3E129C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Japan (Okinawa, Kume and Aka Islands; Fig. 11).	en	Suzuki, Yuya, Hiramatsu, Takehisa, Tatsuta, Haruki (2022): Two new species and a new genus of ray spiders (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae) from the Ryukyu Islands, southwest Japan, with notes on their natural history. ZooKeys 1109: 67-101, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807
ECB883B6802053219478AC0800388169.taxon	description	Figs 4, 5, 11, 12 B, 13 F-H	en	Suzuki, Yuya, Hiramatsu, Takehisa, Tatsuta, Haruki (2022): Two new species and a new genus of ray spiders (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae) from the Ryukyu Islands, southwest Japan, with notes on their natural history. ZooKeys 1109: 67-101, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807
ECB883B6802053219478AC0800388169.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Japan, Amami Is. (Kagoshima Prefecture): 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (NSMT-Ar. 21720, 21721), Oshima District, Setouchi Town, Katsuura (28 ° 12 ' 33.7 " N, 129 ° 19 ' 54.0 " E, alt. 354 m), 4 Jul. 2021, Y. Suzuki leg.; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, Amurogama (28 ° 13 ' 15.4 " N, 129 ° 18 ' 59.3 " E, alt. 111 m), 4 Jul. 2021, Y. Suzuki leg.; 1 ♂, Amami City, Sumiyo Town, Nishinakama, Santarou-toge Pass (28 ° 15 ' 48.7 " N, 129 ° 25 ' 09.0 " E, alt. 141 m), 6 May 2021, Y. Suzuki leg.; Okinawa Is. (Okinawa Prefecture): 1 ♂ 1 ♀, Kunigami District, Ogimi Village, Nerome (26 ° 40 ' 49.7 " N, 128 ° 08 ' 01.1 " E, alt. 128 m), 14 Apr. 2021, Y. Suzuki leg.; Kume Is. (Okinawa Prefecture): 1 ♂ 1 ♀, Shimajiri District, Kumejima Town, Uezu, Mt. Daruma-yama (26 ° 21 ' 42.9 " N, 126 ° 45 ' 34.9 " E, alt. 149 m), 10 Sep. 2021, Y. Suzuki leg.	en	Suzuki, Yuya, Hiramatsu, Takehisa, Tatsuta, Haruki (2022): Two new species and a new genus of ray spiders (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae) from the Ryukyu Islands, southwest Japan, with notes on their natural history. ZooKeys 1109: 67-101, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807
ECB883B6802053219478AC0800388169.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Males of this species can be distinguished from congeners by the embolic apophysis with a curved tip running along the sclerotized surface of the ventral tegulum, and females by a nearly transverse posterior margin of the epigynal plate (more convex in Z. zoma and rounded in Z. taiwanica) and lower position of the spermathecae (higher in Z. taiwanica) (Miller et al. 2009; Ballarin et al. 2021).	en	Suzuki, Yuya, Hiramatsu, Takehisa, Tatsuta, Haruki (2022): Two new species and a new genus of ray spiders (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae) from the Ryukyu Islands, southwest Japan, with notes on their natural history. ZooKeys 1109: 67-101, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807
ECB883B6802053219478AC0800388169.taxon	description	Description. Male (NSMT-Ar 21720). Measurements. Body 1.62 long. Carapace 0.74 long, 0.68 wide, 0.60 high. Eye size and interdistances: AME 0.090, ALE 0.076, PME 0.093, PLE 0.065, AME-AME 0.015, AME-ALE 0.032, PME-PME 0.008, PLE-PLE 0.070. Leg length: leg I 0.80 + 0.23 + 0.57 + 0.47 + 0.28 = 2.35; leg II 0.50 + 0.21 + 0.46 + 0.31 + 0.28 = 1.76; leg III 0.40 + 0.19 + 0.23 + 0.24 + 0.24 = 1.30; leg IV 0.44 + 0.14 + 0.34 + 0.27 + 0.27 = 1.46. Abdomen 0.88 long, 0.95 wide, 1.01 high. Carapace oval, longer than wide (CaL / CaW 1.34). Chelicerae with three teeth on promargin. Abdomen oval, wider than long (AL / AW 0.93). Coloration and markings (Fig. 4 A, B). Carapace, chelicerae, maxillae, labium, sternum, and legs yellowish brown. Eyes on the dark bases. Cephalic groove stained with dark spots. Legs lacking annulation. Abdomen dark brown encircled dorsolaterally with a whitish silver band. Palp (Figs 4 C-H, 5). Paracymbium with sharp tip. Tegulum bulbous. Median apophysis weakly sclerotized, wider than long. Embolic division branched into a few bristle-like apophyses, embolus short and tubular, and a long and filiform embolic apophysis emerging beneath from a translucent conductor. Tip of embolic apophysis curved and running along sclerotized surface of the tegulum beneath the conductor. Conductor having two projections: posterior conductor projection strongly sclerotized and triangular with a blunt tip; retrolateral conductor projection strongly sclerotized and weakly curved anteriorly with a triangular posterior tip. Posterior margin of conductor with a sharp tip. Female (NSMT-Ar 21721). Measurements. Body 2.04 long. Carapace 0.82 long, 0.76 wide, 0.67 high. Eye size and interdistances: AME 0.089, ALE 0.082, PME 084, PLE 0.076, AME-AME 0.023, AME-ALE 0.034, PME-PME 0.009, PLE-PLE 0.076. Leg length: leg I 0.66 + 0.32 + 0.42 + 0.33 + 0.22 = 1.95; leg II 0.64 + 0.30 + 0.41 + 0.33 + 0.21 = 1.89; leg III 0.36 + 0.18 + 0.20 + 0.25 + 0.18 = 1.17; leg IV 0.53 + 0.21 + 0.34 + 0.27 + 0.22 = 1.57. Abdomen 1.21 long, 1.32 wide, 1.16 high. Carapace, mouthparts, and abdomen as in male (CaL / CaW 1.08; AL / AW 0.92). Coloration and markings (Fig. 4 I) similar to male. Genitalia (Fig. 4 J, K). Epigynal plate flat and wider than long with a sclerotized posterior margin and a median pit. Spermathecae touching each other, copulatory ducts wide at their openings, and the course of the ducts simple. See Miller et al. (2009) for further details.	en	Suzuki, Yuya, Hiramatsu, Takehisa, Tatsuta, Haruki (2022): Two new species and a new genus of ray spiders (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae) from the Ryukyu Islands, southwest Japan, with notes on their natural history. ZooKeys 1109: 67-101, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807
ECB883B6802053219478AC0800388169.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (Yunnan), Japan (Honshu to the Ryukyu Islands; Fig. 11).	en	Suzuki, Yuya, Hiramatsu, Takehisa, Tatsuta, Haruki (2022): Two new species and a new genus of ray spiders (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae) from the Ryukyu Islands, southwest Japan, with notes on their natural history. ZooKeys 1109: 67-101, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807
