identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
AE7E87800762FF9AFD9F14EAFDA8F834.text	AE7E87800762FF9AFD9F14EAFDA8F834.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trigonoceratidae Hyatt 1884	<div><p>Family Trigonoceratidae Hyatt, 1884</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The extent and content of genera in the family Trigonoceratidae has been repeatedly debated over the past few decades, and several very different views have been expressed (e.g., Flower &amp; Kummel 1950; Shimansky 1957, 1967; Kummel 1964; Dzik 1984; Histon 1999). Differences of opinion are partly related to the treatment and evaluation of the poorly understood family Koninckioceratidae Hyatt in Zittel, 1900. In this context, two genera ( Temnocheilus M‘Coy, 1844 and Endolobus Meek &amp; Worthen, 1865) are particularly problematic and have been assigned to different families by different authors. For example, Temnocheilus has been placed in the families Temnocheilidae Mojsisovics, 1902, Koninckioceratidae, and Tainoceratidae Hyatt, 1883 . However, the great resemblance to Vestinautilus Ryckholt, 1852 and other members of the family Trigonoceratidae suggests that Temnocheilus should also be included in this family.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE7E87800762FF9AFD9F14EAFDA8F834	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Klug, Christian	Korn, Dieter, Klug, Christian (2023): Early Carboniferous coiled nautiloids from the Anti-Atlas (Morocco). European Journal of Taxonomy 885: 156-194, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.885.2199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.885.2199
AE7E87800765FF9DFDCC102DFE9DF9E1.text	AE7E87800765FF9DFDCC102DFE9DF9E1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rineceras Hyatt 1893	<div><p>Genus Rineceras Hyatt, 1893</p><p>Type species</p><p>Gyroceras propinquum de Koninck, 1880; subsequent designation by Foord (1900).</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Genus of the family Trigonoceratidae with usually discoidal subevolute to evolute conch; whorls detached or slightly in contact; whorl profile elliptical or rounded triangular with broad venter. Conch moderately to rapidly increasing in height with a high coiling rate (WER usually higher than 2.00). Ornament with coarse growth lines and coarse spiral ridges; coarse granulation at the crossing points of growth lines and spiral ridges. Septa without inflexions, rather deeply concave. Suture line with shallow external and lateral lobes. Siphuncle small with subcentral position (after Kummel 1964; Shimansky 1967; emended).</p><p>Included Early Carboniferous species</p><p>Early Carboniferous species of Rineceras are known from a number of regions such as:</p><p>North America (Meek &amp; Worthen 1860; Miller &amp; Garner 1953): Nautilus (Discus) digonus Meek &amp; Worthen, 1860, Indiana; Rineceras ohioense Miller &amp; Garner, 1953, Ohio.</p><p>Northern and Central Europe (Fleming 1828; de Koninck 1844, 1880; Holzapfel 1889; Schmidt 1951; Turner 1954): Nautilus Luidii Fleming, 1828, Derbyshire; Gyroceras Meyerianum de Koninck, 1844, Belgium; Gyroceras propinquum de Koninck, 1880, Belgium; Nautilus rhenanus Holzapfel, 1889, Rhenish Mountains; Triboloceras patteiskyi Schmidt, 1951, Rhenish Mountains; Pararineceras balladoolense Turner, 1954, Isle of Man.</p><p>North Africa (Korn &amp; Bockwinkel 2022; Korn et al. 2022): Rineceras multituberculatum Korn, Miao &amp; Bockwinkel, 2022, Algeria; Rineceras rectangulatum Korn, Miao &amp; Bockwinkel, 2022, Algeria; Rineceras tenerum Korn &amp; Bockwinkel, 2022, Algeria.</p><p>Western Russia, Urals and Kazakhstan (Eichwald 1857; Kruglov 1933; Shimansky 1967): Nautilus canaliculatus von Eichwald, 1857, South Urals; Nautilus carinatus von Eichwald, 1857, Western Russia; Rhineceras alapaevskensis Kruglov, 1933, Urals; Rineceras carinatiforme Shimansky, 1967, Kazakhstan.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>For a discussion of the composition and limits of the genus, seeKorn et al. (2022) andKorn &amp; Bockwinkel (2022).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE7E87800765FF9DFDCC102DFE9DF9E1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Klug, Christian	Korn, Dieter, Klug, Christian (2023): Early Carboniferous coiled nautiloids from the Anti-Atlas (Morocco). European Journal of Taxonomy 885: 156-194, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.885.2199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.885.2199
AE7E87800765FF9CFD191759FEF7FDF2.text	AE7E87800765FF9CFD191759FEF7FDF2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rineceras undefined-1	<div><p>Rineceras sp. 1</p><p>Fig. 4A</p><p>Material examined</p><p>MOROCCO • 2 specimens; Anti-Atlas, north of Gara el Itima, 35 km east-northeast of Taouz; basal Hamou-Rhanem Formation; Ebbighausen &amp; Korn 2004 Coll.; MB.C.31293.1–2 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Specimen MB.C.31293.1 is a fragment of about a quarter of a whorl of the body chamber (Fig. 4A); it has a whorl width of 23 mm, which may correspond to a conch diameter of 60 mm. The weakly depressed whorl profile (ww/wh ~1.25) is rounded-trapezoidal with a flattened venter, a broadly rounded ventrolateral shoulder and a broadly rounded umbilical wall. The whorl overlap zone is very small (IZR ~ 0.10).</p><p>The fragment shows the well-preserved shell ornament with 14 spiral ridges on each side from the midventer to the umbilical seam; the ridges are irregularly spaced on the venter but almost equally spaced on the ventrolateral margin and umbilical wall. The growth lines, which extend with a deep, rounded V-shaped sinus across the venter, are much finer than the spiral ridges. They are occasionally strengthened to form a conspicuous granulation; at the crossing with the spiral ridges, they form slightly elongate spines.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE7E87800765FF9CFD191759FEF7FDF2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Klug, Christian	Korn, Dieter, Klug, Christian (2023): Early Carboniferous coiled nautiloids from the Anti-Atlas (Morocco). European Journal of Taxonomy 885: 156-194, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.885.2199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.885.2199
AE7E87800764FF9CFD1913B4FD77FBD7.text	AE7E87800764FF9CFD1913B4FD77FBD7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rineceras undefined-2	<div><p>Rineceras sp. 2</p><p>Fig. 4B</p><p>Material examined</p><p>MOROCCO • 1 specimen; Anti-Atlas, region south-west of Rissani; basal Mougoui Ayoun Formation; Karaoui Coll.; PIMUZ 39510 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Specimen PIMUZ 39510 is mostly an internal mould (Fig. 4B), which has a conch diameter of 42.5 mm and is 14 mm wide with an umbilicus 20.5 mm wide (uw/dm ~ 0.40). The body chamber and last three chambers are partly embedded in a sideritic nodule. It has a depressed rounded-triangular whorl profile with flattened venter. Flanks and venter bear longitudinal equidistant ridges (5 on the umbilical wall, 3 to 4 on the flank and 2 between the ventrolateral ridges); a granulation is visible at some places at the crossing points of spiral ridges and growth lines.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE7E87800764FF9CFD1913B4FD77FBD7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Klug, Christian	Korn, Dieter, Klug, Christian (2023): Early Carboniferous coiled nautiloids from the Anti-Atlas (Morocco). European Journal of Taxonomy 885: 156-194, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.885.2199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.885.2199
AE7E87800764FF9FFDC715B9FB76FB1E.text	AE7E87800764FF9FFDC715B9FB76FB1E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stroboceras Hyatt 1884	<div><p>Genus Stroboceras Hyatt, 1884</p><p>Type species</p><p>Gyroceras Hartii Dawson, 1868; original designation.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Genus of the family Trigonoceratidae with discoidal, subevolute to evolute conch; whorls slightly embracing, outer whorl may lose contact to the penultimate whorl. Adult conch with a polygonal whorl profile; venter slightly convex, flattened, less often slightly concave, flanks almost flat or irregularly concave, dorsum slightly concave. Conch moderately to rapidly increasing in height with a high coiling rate (WER usually higher than 2.00). Prominent longitudinal keels usually well developed, separated by concave zones. Suture line with small lobes and saddles reflecting keels and longitudinal grooves on the surface of the conch. Siphuncle small with subcentral position between septum centre and venter (after Shimansky 1967; emended).</p><p>Included species</p><p>A review of the species belonging to Stroboceras has been given by Korn &amp; Bockwinkel (2022). Species of the genus have been described from the following regions:</p><p>North America (Dawson 1868; Miller &amp; Garner 1953; Niko &amp; Mapes 2005): Gyroceras Hartii Dawson, 1868, Nova Scotia; Stroboceras intermedium Miller &amp; Garner, 1953, Michigan; Stroboceras gordoni Niko &amp; Mapes, 2005, Arkansas.</p><p>Northern and Central Europe (Hyatt 1893; Schmidt 1951; Ramsbottom &amp; Moore 1961): Stroboceras anglicum Hyatt, 1893, Yorkshire; Coelonautilus humerosus Schmidt, 1951, Rhenish Mountains; Stroboceras trifer Schmidt, 1951, Silesia; Stroboceras evansi Ramsbottom &amp; Moore, 1961, Ireland.</p><p>North Africa (Korn &amp; Bockwinkel 2022): Stroboceras mane Korn &amp; Bockwinkel, 2022, Algeria; Stroboceras ancilis Korn &amp; Bockwinkel, 2022, Algeria.</p><p>Western Russia and Urals(Murchison et al. 1845; Eichwald 1857; Shimansky 1967): Nautilus bicarinatus de Verneuil in Murchison et al., 1845, South Urals; Nautilus ammoneus Eichwald, 1857, South Urals; Stroboceras mstense Shimansky, 1967, Moscow Basin.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>For a discussion of the composition and limits of the genus, see Korn &amp; Bockwinkel (2022).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE7E87800764FF9FFDC715B9FB76FB1E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Klug, Christian	Korn, Dieter, Klug, Christian (2023): Early Carboniferous coiled nautiloids from the Anti-Atlas (Morocco). European Journal of Taxonomy 885: 156-194, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.885.2199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.885.2199
AE7E87800766FF9EFDEC135CFB76F92C.text	AE7E87800766FF9EFDEC135CFB76F92C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Temnocheilus M'Coy 1844	<div><p>Genus Temnocheilus M‘Coy, 1844</p><p>Type species</p><p>Nautilus (Temnocheilus) coronatus M‘Coy, 1844; subsequent designation by Hyatt (1883 –1884).</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Genus of the family Trigonoceratidae with discoidal to pachyconic, usually subevolute conch. The first whorl is about 30 mm in diameter with an umbilical foramen about 12 mm wide; the conch is rapidly increasing in height with a high coiling rate (WER usually higher than 2.00). Whorls weakly embracing, their profile triangular with more or less angular umbilical margin. Sculpture with longitudinal tubercles along the ventral margin. Septa usually without inflexions, rather deeply concave. Suture line with shallow ventral and deeper lateral, rounded internal lobe. The siphuncle has a position between the centre of the aperture and the venter (after Shimansky 1967).</p><p>Included Early Carboniferous species</p><p>Most of the species of Temnocheilus are known from Late Carboniferous and Permian strata (Shimansky 1967: 98). Early Carboniferous species are known from three regions:</p><p>British Isles (Sowerby 1821; M‘Coy 1844; Hind 1914; Platt 1938): Nautilus tuberculatus Sowerby, 1821, Scotland; Nautilus (Temnocheilus) coronatus M‘Coy, 1844, Ireland; Temnocheilus derbiensis Hind, 1914, England; Temnocheilus ventro-concavus Platt, 1938, Scotland.</p><p>South Urals (Shimansky 1967): Temnocheilus coronatiformae Shimansky, 1967; South Urals.</p><p>North Africa (this paper): Temnocheilus imazighenorum sp. nov., Anti-Atlas; Temnocheilus aubrechtovae sp. nov., Anti-Atlas.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>For a discussion of the composition and limits of the genus, see Korn &amp; Bockwinkel (2022).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE7E87800766FF9EFDEC135CFB76F92C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Klug, Christian	Korn, Dieter, Klug, Christian (2023): Early Carboniferous coiled nautiloids from the Anti-Atlas (Morocco). European Journal of Taxonomy 885: 156-194, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.885.2199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.885.2199
AE7E87800766FF91FD9517EFFAD7FB80.text	AE7E87800766FF91FD9517EFFAD7FB80.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Temnocheilus imazighenorum Korn & Klug 2023	<div><p>Temnocheilus imazighenorum sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 84E662FC-B0AB-4F6C-A69D-FD82103B2127</p><p>Fig. 6; Table 1</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Temnocheilus with thinly pachyconic, subevolute conch (ww/dm ~0.65; uw/dm ~0.38); whorl profile moderately depressed, trapezoidal (ww/wh ~1.85), venter flattened, ventrolateral shoulder angular with elongated longitudinal nodes. Whorls very weakly embracing. Shell surface almost smooth.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Named after the Imazighen, the ethnic group indigenous to the Maghreb region of North Africa.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>MOROCCO • Anti-Atlas, east of Gara el Itima, 36 km east-northeast of Taouz; uppermost Zrigat Formation; Ebbighausen &amp; Korn 2004 Coll.; illustrated in Fig. 6; MB.C.31291.</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype MB.C.31291 is a somewhat weathered specimen 105 mm in diameter, allowing the study of two whorls (Fig. 6). The conch is barrel-shaped, thinly pachyconic and subevolute (ww/dm=0.64; uw/ dm =0.38) with a very high coiling rate (WER= 2.28) and weakly embracing whorls. The whorl profile is trapezoidal with a flattened venter, an angular ventrolateral shoulder and flattened flanks plus umbilical wall. On the penultimate whorl, the ventrolateral shoulder bears eight longitudinally elongate nodes per half volution; they are much weaker on the last volution. The shell surface appears to be smooth.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Temnocheilus imazighenorum sp. nov. is similar to T. coronatus but differs in the more compressed conch (ww/dm ~ 0.65 in T. imazighenorum but ~ 0.75 in T. coronatus), in the less depressed whorl profile (ww/wh ~ 1.85 in T. imazighenorum but ~ 2.25 in T. coronatus) and in the more flattened venter, which is broadly arched in T. coronatus . Temnocheilus coronatiformae differs in the slightly convex venter.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE7E87800766FF91FD9517EFFAD7FB80	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Klug, Christian	Korn, Dieter, Klug, Christian (2023): Early Carboniferous coiled nautiloids from the Anti-Atlas (Morocco). European Journal of Taxonomy 885: 156-194, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.885.2199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.885.2199
AE7E87800768FF93FDE710CCFAF8FD1D.text	AE7E87800768FF93FDE710CCFAF8FD1D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Temnocheilus aubrechtovae Korn & Klug 2023	<div><p>Temnocheilus aubrechtovae sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 51FDC5C3-01AA-47F6-B678-F67E2C360F4A</p><p>Fig. 7; Table 2</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Temnocheilus with thickly pachyconic, subevolute conch (ww/dm ~0.80; uw/dm ~0.35); whorl profile strongly depressed, rounded-trapezoidal (ww/wh ~ 2.05), venter broadly rounded, ventrolateral shoulder angular with large, elongated longitudinal nodes (about 10 per whorl). Whorls weakly embracing. Shell surface almost smooth.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Named after Martina Aubrechtová, in honour of her studies on Palaeozoic nautiloids.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype MOROCCO • Anti-Atlas, region south-west of Rissani; basal Mougoui Ayoun Formation; Karaoui Coll.; illustrated in Fig. 7; PIMUZ 39511.</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype PIMUZ 93511 is a slightly deformed but otherwise rather well-preserved specimen with a conch diameter of 54 mm (Fig. 7). The last quarter of the last preserved whorl belongs to the body chamber. The conch is thickly pachyconic to cadiconic and subevolute with a high coiling rate (WER =2.04–2.21). The whorl profile is broadly trapezoidal (ww/wh 1.88 to 2.14) with a very broadly and continuously rounded venter; the ventrolateral shoulder is narrowly rounded. The nodes are about twice as long as they are wide and their spacing is equal to their length. There are ten such nodes on the last whorl, giving the ventrolateral shoulder a conspicuous coronate appearance.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Temnocheilus aubrechtovae sp. nov. differs from the other Early Carboniferous species of the genus in the shape of the venter, which is either nearly flat (e.g., T. coronatus, T. imazighenorum sp. nov.) or slightly concave (e.g., T. ventroconcavum). Temnocheilus coronatiformae has a similar conch shape but differs from T. aubrechtovae in the much smaller and more numerous ventrolateral nodes (about 15 per volution).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE7E87800768FF93FDE710CCFAF8FD1D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Klug, Christian	Korn, Dieter, Klug, Christian (2023): Early Carboniferous coiled nautiloids from the Anti-Atlas (Morocco). European Journal of Taxonomy 885: 156-194, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.885.2199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.885.2199
AE7E8780076AFF95FDE2102DFD3DFE2C.text	AE7E8780076AFF95FDE2102DFD3DFE2C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vestinautilus Ryckholt 1852	<div><p>Genus Vestinautilus Ryckholt, 1852</p><p>Type species</p><p>Nautilus Koninckii d’Orbigny, 1850; subsequent designation by Hyatt (1884).</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Genus of the family Trigonoceratidae with usually thickly discoidal to pachyconic evolute conch; whorls slightly impressed or without contact; whorl profile rounded triangular or trapezoidal with flattened or weakly concave venter and pronounced ventrolateral shoulder. Conch rapidly increasing in height with a high coiling rate (WER usually higher than 2.20). Ornament with fine lines and very coarse spiral ridges around the ventrolateral shoulder, sometimes also on the venter. Septa without inflexions, moderately concave. Suture line slightly sinuous with small external lobes, sometimes with lateral and internal lobes. Siphuncle small with subcentral position (after Kummel 1964; Shimansky 1967; emended).</p><p>Included species</p><p>Reviews of the species belonging to Vestinautilus have been given by Histon (1999), Korn et al. (2022) and Korn &amp; Bockwinkel (2022). Species of the genus have been described from the following regions:</p><p>North America (Winchell 1862): Nautilus (Trematodiscus) altidorsalis Winchell, 1862, Michigan.</p><p>Northern and Central Europe (Sowerby 1825; d’Orbigny 1842 –1851; de Koninck 1844; Foord 1891, 1900; Turner 1954): Nautilus biangulatus Sowerby, 1825, Southwest England; Nautilus cariniferus Sowerby, 1825, Ireland; Vestinautilus crassimarginatus Foord, 1900, Ireland; Vestinautilus crateriformis Foord, 1900, Ireland; Triboloceras formosum Foord, 1900, Ireland; Nautilus Koninckii d’Orbigny, 1850, Belgium; Nautilus multicarinatus Sowerby, 1825, Ireland; Coelonautilus paucicarinatus Foord, 1891, Ireland; Nautilus pinguis de Koninck, 1844, Belgium; Vestinautilus semiglaber Foord, 1900, Ireland; Vestinautilus semiplicatus Foord, 1900, Ireland; Subvestinautilus simulans Turner, 1954, Isle of Man.</p><p>North Africa(Korn &amp; Bockwinkel 2022; Korn et al. 2022): Vestinautilus angulatus Korn &amp; Bockwinkel, 2022, Algeria; Vestinautilus bicristatus Korn &amp; Bockwinkel, 2022, Algeria; Vestinautilus concinnus Korn, Miao &amp; Bockwinkel, 2022, Algeria; Vestinautilus inflexus Korn &amp; Bockwinkel, 2022, Algeria; Vestinautilus padus Korn, Miao &amp; Bockwinkel, 2022, Algeria; Vestinautilus papilio Korn &amp; Bockwinkel, 2022, Algeria; Vestinautilus kesslerae sp. nov., Anti-Atlas.</p><p>West Russia, Urals and Kazakhstan (Tsvetaeva 1898; Shimansky 1967): Subvestinautilus maritimus Shimansky, 1967, Middle Urals; Subvestinautilus rector Shimansky, 1967, Kazakhstan; Coelonautilus znamenskianus Tzwetaeva, 1898, West Russia.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Turner (1954) revised Vestinautilus and specifically restricted the genus “to forms resembling the typespecies in possessing a venter concave or channelled at some stage of growth, a broad, depressed whorlsection, and a conch ornamented with spiral ribs, lirae and sulci.” At the same time, he introduced the new genus Subvestinautilus, which he classified in the family Temnocheilidae . He stated that “the genus much resembles Vestinautilus … in shape but lacks a concave or channelled venter at any stage of development.” However, since he regarded Vestinautilus as belonging to the family Triboloceratidae, he indirectly saw the close morphological similarity with it as the result of convergent evolution. This opinion was followed by Shimansky (1967) and Histon (1999), albeit with a different family attribution. However, Dzik (1984) rejected this concept, treating Subvestinautilus as a synonym of Vestinautilus .</p><p>We do not accept the separation of the two genera. The variable shape of the venter, which changes in some species during ontogeny, can hardly be regarded as a distinguishing criterion for these genera. We therefore assign species with coarse spiral ridges and a broad trapezoidal whorl profile, whether with a concave or convex venter, to Vestinautilus .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE7E8780076AFF95FDE2102DFD3DFE2C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Klug, Christian	Korn, Dieter, Klug, Christian (2023): Early Carboniferous coiled nautiloids from the Anti-Atlas (Morocco). European Journal of Taxonomy 885: 156-194, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.885.2199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.885.2199
AE7E8780076DFF94FDC710EEFC64FBE2.text	AE7E8780076DFF94FDC710EEFC64FBE2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vestinautilus kesslerae Korn & Klug 2023	<div><p>Vestinautilus kesslerae sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 73A42507-23FD-4390-9DEE-8FC07C72A7BC</p><p>Fig. 9; Table 3</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Vestinautilus with thickly pachyconic, subevolute conch (ww/dm ~ 0.68; uw/dm ~0.38); whorl profile moderately depressed, oval (ww/wh ~1.75), venter broadly arched, ventrolateral shoulder subangular with three weak spiral ridges. Whorls not embracing, just touching the preceding one. Ornament with coarse growth-lines forming a moderately deep, broadly arched ventral sinus.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Named after Birgit Kessler (Berlin), who found the holotype.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype MOROCCO • Anti-Atlas, South-east of Gara el Itima, 31.5 km east-northeast of Taouz; Zrigat Formation; Kessler 2007 Coll.; illustrated in Fig. 9; MB.C.31287.</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype MB.C.31287 is an entirely chambered steinkern specimen with 41 mm phragmocone diameter; it comprises one and a quarter whorl (Fig. 9). At the largest diameter of the specimen, the conch shape is thinly pachyconic and subevolute (ww/dm ~ 0.68; uw/dm ~0.38). The whorl profile is depressed (ww/ wh ~1.74) and has the shape of a symmetric oval. The coiling rate is very high (WER ~2.72) and the last whorl just touches the preceding one. The umbilical window has a diameter of 11.5 mm.</p><p>The initial chamber is bluntly cone-shaped with a length of 0.6 mm, a height of 2.0 mm and a width of about 4 mm. Very early in ontogeny, the whorl profile becomes depressed and already immediately after the protoconch, an angular ventrolateral shoulder is formed. This angular shoulder becomes more pronounced to form a spiral ridge, which is, at a conch diameter of 25 mm, accompanied by one less well-developed ridge on each side. The outer of these ridges fades out and is only barely visible at a conch diameter of 42 mm. Only some traces of the shell ornament are visible in the dorsal portion. They show coarse growth lines and three of them are arranged at a millimetre distance. They form a broadly arched ventral sinus.</p><p>The siphuncle has a subcentral position with a slight shift towards the venter. The suture line forms a wide and shallow external lobe, a very shallow and wide lateral lobe and a small, rounded internal lobe.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Vestinautilus kesslerae sp. nov. has a somewhat marginal position in the morphological spectrum of the genus. It differs from the other species because of the combination of a number of conch and sculpture characters: the advolute conch shape even at a conch diameter of 40 mm, the comparatively weak development of only a few longitudinal ridges and the convex venter.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE7E8780076DFF94FDC710EEFC64FBE2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Klug, Christian	Korn, Dieter, Klug, Christian (2023): Early Carboniferous coiled nautiloids from the Anti-Atlas (Morocco). European Journal of Taxonomy 885: 156-194, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.885.2199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.885.2199
AE7E8780076CFF97FE7A1549FE9DFED0.text	AE7E8780076CFF97FE7A1549FE9DFED0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Maccoyoceras Miller, Dunbar & Condra 1933	<div><p>Genus Maccoyoceras Miller, Dunbar &amp; Condra, 1933</p><p>Type species</p><p>Nautilus (Discites) discors M‘Coy, 1844; original designation.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Genus of the family Trigonoceratidae with discoidal, usually evolute conch; whorls slightly impressed; whorl profile hexagonal or pentagonal with flattened or slightly concave venter and narrowly rounded umbilical margin. Conch moderately increasing in height with a high coiling rate (WER usually higher than 2.00). Ornament in the adult stage with coarse growth lines, in the preadult stage with fine spiral lines. Suture line with shallow external and lateral lobes. Siphuncle small with subcentral position (after Kummel 1964; emended).</p><p>Included species</p><p>North America (Winchell 1862): Nautilus (Trematodiscus) discoidalis Winchell, 1862, Michigan.</p><p>Northern and Central Europe (de Koninck 1844; M‘Coy 1844; Foord 1900): Nautilus (Discites) discors M‘Coy, 1844, Ireland; Nautilus Leveilleanus de Koninck, 1844, Belgium; Discitoceras Wrightii Foord, 1900, Ireland.</p><p>North Africa(Korn &amp; Bockwinkel2022; Korn et al. 2022): Maccoyoceras concavum Korn &amp;Bockwinkel, 2022, Algeria; Maccoyoceras habadraense Korn &amp; Bockwinkel, 2022, Algeria; Maccoyoceras pentagonum Korn, Miao &amp; Bockwinkel, 2022, Algeria; Maccoyoceras saharensis Korn &amp; Bockwinkel, 2022, Algeria.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>For a discussion of the composition and limits of the genus, seeKorn et al. (2022) andKorn &amp; Bockwinkel (2022).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE7E8780076CFF97FE7A1549FE9DFED0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Klug, Christian	Korn, Dieter, Klug, Christian (2023): Early Carboniferous coiled nautiloids from the Anti-Atlas (Morocco). European Journal of Taxonomy 885: 156-194, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.885.2199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.885.2199
AE7E8780076FFF96FD861789FB9AFB9E.text	AE7E8780076FFF96FD861789FB9AFB9E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Endolobus Meek & Worthen 1865	<div><p>Genus Endolobus Meek &amp; Worthen, 1865</p><p>Type species</p><p>Nautilus (Endolobus) peramplus Meek &amp; Worthen, 1865 (= Nautilus spectabilis Meek &amp; Worthen, 1860); original designation.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Genus of the family Trigonoceratidae with usually pachyconic, subinvolute or evolute conch; whorls usually slightly impressed, whorl profile compressed with broadly rounded or slightly flattened venter and rounded umbilical margin. Conch very rapidly increasing in height with a high coiling rate (WER usually higher than 2.50). Sculpture with broad, rounded nodes on the flanks. Septa without inflexions, moderately concave. Suture line nearly straight with very shallow external lobe and usually with an internal lobe; some species with an annular lobe. Siphuncle with subcentral position.</p><p>Included Early Carboniferous species</p><p>North America(Meek &amp; Worthen 1860, 1865; Miller &amp; Gurley 1897; Miller &amp; Collins 1947; Youngquist 1949; Collinson 1955; Sweet &amp; Brookley 1956): Nautilus spectabilis Meek &amp; Worthen, 1860, Illinois; Nautilus (Endolobus) peramplus Meek &amp; Worthen, 1865 (synonym of Nautilus spectabilis); Temnochilus greenense Miller &amp; Gurley, 1897, Indiana; Endolobus greenbrierensis Miller &amp; Collins, 1947, Pennsylvania; Solenochilus occidens Youngquist, 1949, Nevada; Endolobus clorensis Collinson, 1955; Kentucky; Endolobus indianensis Sweet &amp; Brookley, 1956, Indiana.</p><p>North Africa (this paper): Endolobus rota sp. nov., Anti-Atlas.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Endolobus is a genus in need of revision both in its definition and possible phylogenetic position. For example, according to Gordon (1965), the annular lobe belongs to the diagnosis of the genus, whereas Shimansky (1967) did not consider this a necessary character. The assignment of the material from the Anti-Atlas can therefore only be tentative. Early Carboniferous species are known mainly from North America (for a species list, see Gordon 1965). Most of them are very large specimens, which makes a comparison with considerably smaller specimens difficult. The material from the Anti-Atlas is not very typical for Endolobus and occupies a marginal position within the genus.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE7E8780076FFF96FD861789FB9AFB9E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Klug, Christian	Korn, Dieter, Klug, Christian (2023): Early Carboniferous coiled nautiloids from the Anti-Atlas (Morocco). European Journal of Taxonomy 885: 156-194, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.885.2199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.885.2199
AE7E8780076EFF89FD2B1559FECEFCB6.text	AE7E8780076EFF89FD2B1559FECEFCB6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Endolobus rota Korn & Klug 2023	<div><p>Endolobus rota sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 6E9B29A6-1308-4860-B96A-1C2E1B414621</p><p>Fig. 11; Table 4</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Endolobus with pachyconic, subinvolute conch (ww/dm ~0.75; uw/dm ~ 0.25), whorl profile moderately compressed (ww/wh ~ 1.60) with slightly flattened venter and broadly rounded ventrolateral shoulder. Coiling rate extremely high (WER ~3.45), whorls not embracing. Ventrolateral shoulder with very low nodes. Suture line with very broad and shallow lobe on the venter and without internal lobe.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ rota ’, meaning ‘wheel’, because of the conch shape.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype MOROCCO • Anti-Atlas, southeast of Gara el Itima, 31.5 km east-northeast of Taouz; Zrigat Formation; Korn &amp; Ebbighausen 2007 Coll.; illustrated in Fig. 11; MB.C.31289.</p><p>Description</p><p>Specimen MB.C.31289 is a fragment of a specimen with about 85 mm conch diameter, consisting of three chambers and a short part of the body chamber with about 63 mm whorl width (Fig. 11A). At a whorl height of 39 mm, it has a ww/wh ratio of 1.60, but this ratio increases markedly during the previous half volution. The whorl profile is rounded-triangular with a broad venter, a broadly rounded ventrolateral shoulder and a nearly semicircular area consisting of flanks and dorsum (Fig. 11A). A concave dorsal whorl zone does not exist. One large and very low ventrolateral node is visible on the fragment. The suture line extends with a wide and shallow lobe across the venter; it forms a low saddle on the flank and does not possess an internal lobe (Fig. 11B).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Endolobus rota differs from the other Early Carboniferous species of the genus mainly in the very low and broad nodes on the ventrolateral margin. Another criterion is the lack of whorl overlap, but this may be due to the relatively small size of the holotype when compared with the North American species of Endolobus .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE7E8780076EFF89FD2B1559FECEFCB6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Klug, Christian	Korn, Dieter, Klug, Christian (2023): Early Carboniferous coiled nautiloids from the Anti-Atlas (Morocco). European Journal of Taxonomy 885: 156-194, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.885.2199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.885.2199
AE7E87800770FF8BFDE714DBFC31FCDC.text	AE7E87800770FF8BFDE714DBFC31FCDC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Epidomatoceras Turner 1954	<div><p>Genus Epidomatoceras Turner, 1954</p><p>Type species</p><p>Nautilus planotergatus M‘Coy, 1844; original designation.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Genus of the family Trigonoceratidae with discoidal to pachyconic, usually subevolute conch. The first whorl is 12–20 mm in diameter with an umbilical foramen about 4–8 mm wide; the conch is rapidly increasing in height with a high coiling rate (WER usually higher than 2.50). Whorls weakly embracing, their profile is rectangular with more or less angular umbilical margin and ventrolateral shoulder. Sculpture with faint longitudinal ridges around the ventrolateral shoulder. Septa without inflexions, moderately concave. Suture line with moderately deep ventral and lateral lobes. The siphuncle has a position between the centre of the aperture and the venter (after Shimansky 1967).</p><p>Included species</p><p>British Isles (Phillips 1836; M‘Coy 1844; Foord 1900; Turner 1954, 1965): Nautilus Doohylensis Foord, 1900, Ireland; Epidomatoceras maccoyi Turner, 1954, Derbyshire; Nautilus planotergatus M‘Coy, 1844, Ireland; Epidomatoceras neilsoni Turner, 1965, Scotland; Epidomatoceras flemingi Turner, 1965, Scotland; Nautilus subsulcatus Phillips, 1836, Yorkshire.</p><p>Urals and Kazakhstan (Shimansky 1967): Epidomatoceras aemulum Shimansky, 1967, Kazakhstan; Epidomatoceras vivum Shimansky, 1967, South Urals.</p><p>North Africa (this paper): Epidomatoceras ebbighausenorum sp. nov., Anti-Atlas.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Epidomatoceras belongs to a group of Early Carboniferous nautiloids of which the phylogenetic and taxonomic relationships are far from being solved (Dzik &amp; Korn 1992). Unlike most other late Tournaisian and Viséan evolute nautiloids, it shows the formation of a distinct umbilical margin.</p><p>The genus has a wide distribution across facies boundaries; it occurs in both shallow and deep shelf strata. For this reason, it is often found together with ammonoids.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE7E87800770FF8BFDE714DBFC31FCDC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Klug, Christian	Korn, Dieter, Klug, Christian (2023): Early Carboniferous coiled nautiloids from the Anti-Atlas (Morocco). European Journal of Taxonomy 885: 156-194, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.885.2199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.885.2199
AE7E87800773FF8CFDB1129EFD93FBA1.text	AE7E87800773FF8CFDB1129EFD93FBA1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Epidomatoceras ebbighausenorum Korn & Klug 2023	<div><p>Epidomatoceras ebbighausenorum sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: E0A17693-5DCD-463E-B266-0D4AFE16AB29</p><p>Figs 13–14; Table 5</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Epidomatoceras with thickly pachyconic, subevolute conch (ww/dm ~0.68; uw/dm ~0.32); whorl profile moderately depressed, rounded-rectangular (ww/wh ~ 1.65), venter flattened, ventrolateral shoulder subangular, in the middle growth stages marked by a spiral ridge. Whorls very weakly embracing. Ornament with very fine growth lines. Septa simply concave towards the venter, suture line with shallow lobes on venter and flanks.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Named after Volker Ebbighausen (1941–2011) and Rodion Ebbighausen, who collected the majority of the type material.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype MOROCCO • Anti-Atlas, north of Gara el Itima, 35 km east-northeast of Taouz; basal Hamou-Rhanem Formation; Ebbighausen, Ebbighausen &amp; Korn 2004 Coll.; illustrated in Fig. 13A; MB.C.31294.1.</p><p>Paratypes MOROCCO • 18 specimens; same collection data as for holotype; Ebbighausen, Ebbighausen &amp; Korn 2004 Coll.; MB.C.31294.2–31295.19 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype MB.C.31294.1 is a nearly complete but somewhat corroded specimen with a conch diameter of 67 mm; it allows the study of two whorls (Fig. 13A). The conch is widely wheel-shaped with a moderately wide umbilicus (ww/dm=0.68; uw/dm=0.33). The profile of the last whorl is depressed (ww/wh =1.64) and subtrapezoidal with a nearly flat, steep umbilical wall, a subangular umbilical margin, slightly flattened, weakly converging flanks, a broadly rounded ventrolateral shoulder and a flattened venter with a shallow concave depression. Half a volution earlier, at 41 mm dm, the venter is weakly convex and the ventrolateral shoulders are marked by three longitudinal ridges, of which the inner one is the most prominent and separated from the middle one by a distinct groove. The outer of the three ridges is the weakest and located on the venter. The shell surface appears to be smooth. The internal mould of the inner whorls is visible in the umbilicus; they show a pronounced umbilical margin and a rather steep, flattened umbilical wall.</p><p>Paratypes MB.C.31294.2 (Fig. 13B) and MB.C.31294.3 (Fig. 13C) have a conch morphology that is very similar to that of the holotype. Specimen MB.C.31294.3 is less well preserved in the outer whorl but provides a good insight of the earlier growth stage. Already at 15 mm diameter, an angular and slightly raised umbilical margin is developed, on which the growth lines are strengthened and form delicate plications.</p><p>Paratype MB.C.31294.4 yielded a conch cross section that allows the study of two and a half volutions ranging from 9 mm to 46 mm conch diameter (Fig. 14A). It is not clear from the specimen whether some parts of the inner whorls are dissolved; the umbilical opening appears to have a width of 3.7 mm. The earliest preserved whorl profile (1.66 mm high, 2.53 mm wide) is rounded triangular with a flattened venter, but half a volution later (9 mm dm), a pronounced, subangular ventrolateral shoulder is developed and the nearly parallel, weakly converging flanks are bordered umbilically by a broadly rounded umbilical margin. From this growth stage, the whorl profile is rounded pentangular. Half a volution later, at 15 mm dm, this whorl profile is still present, but the umbilical margin is sharpened by a longitudinal crest formed by the shell. This whorl does not embrace the preceding one. Another half of a whorl later, at 26 mm dm, the umbilical wall is flattened and steep, while the umbilical margin is rounded. In this stage, the ventrolateral shoulder is characterised by a longitudinal groove accompanied by weak crests on both sides. Finally, at 46 mm dm, the ventrolateral and umbilical shoulders are narrowly rounded; venter, flanks and umbilical wall are flattened. The cross section demonstrates that the conch proportions do not change significantly during ontogeny. There is, between 9 and 46 mm conch diameter, a slight increase of the ww/dm ratio (from 0.58 to 0.66) paralleled by a slight decrease of the uw/dm ratio (from 0.43 to 0.29). The coiling rate increases from about 2.65 to 3.10 (Fig. 14C–E).</p><p>It appears that intraspecific variation ranges within rather narrow limits and ontogenetic changes are small. Specimens between 36 and 67 mm conch diameter, for instance, range in their ww/dm ratio between 0.60 and 0.70 with a weak tendency to become stouter with increasing diameter. In the same growth interval, the umbilical width ratio shows a very weak decrease. Only the coiling rate appears to decrease more significantly from a WER value of about 3.15 at 50 mm dm to 2.70 at 67 mm dm (Fig. 14C–E).</p><p>Paratype MB.C.31294.5 is a rather poorly preserved fragment of a large specimen (37 mm whorl width), but it shows the surface of a septum. This is continuously domed; the lobes in the suture line (Fig. 14B) are thus cut-out shapes of the septum and are not caused by septal inflexions. The siphuncle has a subcentral position and is slightly shifted from the centre towards the venter.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Epidomatoceras ebbighausenorum sp. nov. differs from the other species of the genus in its stout conch and depressed whorl profile and the narrower umbilicus. The type species of the genus, Epidomatoceras planotergatum, for instance, has a nearly quadratic whorl profile (ww/wh ~ 1.05), while it is depressed in E. ebbighausenorum (ww/wh ~ 1.60). The umbilicus is rather wide in E. planotergatum (uw/dm ~ 0.37) but narrower in E. ebbighausenorum (uw/dm ~0.30). Similar differences occur when E. ebbighausenorum is compared with other species of Epidomatoceras, although E. doohylense possesses a slightly depressed whorl profile (ww/wh ~ 1.10).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE7E87800773FF8CFDB1129EFD93FBA1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Klug, Christian	Korn, Dieter, Klug, Christian (2023): Early Carboniferous coiled nautiloids from the Anti-Atlas (Morocco). European Journal of Taxonomy 885: 156-194, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.885.2199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.885.2199
AE7E87800774FF8FFDF81582FB20FCD7.text	AE7E87800774FF8FFDF81582FB20FCD7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Liroceras Teichert 1940	<div><p>Genus Liroceras Teichert, 1940</p><p>Type species</p><p>Coloceras liratum Girty, 1911; original designation.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Genus of the family Liroceratidae with pachyconic to globular, involute or subinvolute conch; umbilicus closed by a plug in some species. The first whorl is 10–20 mm in diameter with a very small umbilical foramen; the conch is rapidly increasing in height with a high coiling rate (WER usually higher than 2.50). Whorls weakly embracing, their profile ranges from reniform to nearly circular. Juvenile conch with longitudinal ridges; adult ornament with growth lines with a fairly deep ventral sinus and spiral lines around the umbilicus in some species. Septa without inflexions, slightly concave. Suture line simple, nearly straight to straight with a shallow, broadly rounded internal lobe. The siphuncle has a position between the centre of the aperture and the venter (after Gordon 1965; Shimansky 1967).</p><p>Included Early Carboniferous species</p><p>Species of Liroceras are known from the Early Carboniferous to the Late Permian. Shimansky (1967: 194) and Gordon (1965: 156) provided species lists of the genus, several of which are also known from the Early Carboniferous:</p><p>Northern and Central Europe (Trenkner 1868; Miller et al. 1933; Schmidt 1951; Turner 1954; Ramsbottom &amp; Moore 1961): Nautilus Grundensis Trenkner, 1868, Harz Mountains; Coloceras hyatti Miller, Dunbar &amp; Condra, 1933, Belgium; Liroceras occlusor Schmidt, 1951, Harz Mountains; Liroceras schaelkense Schmidt, 1951, Rhenish Mountains; Liroceras lunense Turner, 1954, Yorkshire; Liroceras leitrimense Ramsbottom &amp; Moore, 1961, Ireland.</p><p>North Africa (this paper): Liroceras vermis sp. nov.; Anti-Atlas; Liroceras karaouii sp. nov., Anti-Atlas.</p><p>Western Russia and Urals (Eichwald 1857; Shimansky 1967): Nautilus excentricus von Eichwald, 1857, western Russia; Liroceras fornicatum Shimansky, 1967, western Russia; Liroceras praelunense Shimansky, 1967, North Urals; Liroceras ruzhencevi Shimansky, 1967, South Urals.</p><p>North China (Ruan &amp; Zhou 1987): Liroceras reniforme Ruan &amp; Zhou, 1987, Ningxia.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Liroceras is a genus with a wide stratigraphic range, extending from the Viséan to the latest Permian. Gordon (1965) and Shimansky (1967) compiled species lists; these demonstrate the wide stratigraphic and geographic distribution. In contrast, the morphological range within the genus is small; the conchs of all species are very similar and differ mainly in the width of the umbilicus and in the formation of spiral lines. The most similar genus is Bistrialites Turner, 1954, but in this genus the umbilical margin is more angular, in contrast to Liroceras with a rounded or subangular umbilical margin.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE7E87800774FF8FFDF81582FB20FCD7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Klug, Christian	Korn, Dieter, Klug, Christian (2023): Early Carboniferous coiled nautiloids from the Anti-Atlas (Morocco). European Journal of Taxonomy 885: 156-194, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.885.2199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.885.2199
AE7E87800777FF8EFD231290FE39FBFC.text	AE7E87800777FF8EFD231290FE39FBFC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Liroceras vermis Korn & Klug 2023	<div><p>Liroceras vermis sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: AE14647B-7469-4BFC-91E3-99F7A8791CDD</p><p>Figs 15–16; Table 6</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Liroceras with thickly pachyconic, subinvolute conch (ww/dm ~0.82; uw/dm ~ 0.20), whorl profile moderately depressed (ww/wh ~1.75) with broadly rounded venter and broadly rounded umbilical margin. Coiling rate very high (WER ~2.85), whorls very weakly embracing (IZR ~ 0.15). Suture line nearly straight.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ vermis ’, meaning ‘maggot’, because of the appearance of the holotype.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype MOROCCO • Anti-Atlas, north of Gara el Itima, 35 km east-northeast of Taouz; basal Hamou-Rhanem Formation; Ebbighausen &amp; Korn 2004 Coll.; illustrated in Fig. 15C; MB.C.31295.1.</p><p>Paratypes MOROCCO • 4 specimens; same collection data as for holotype; Ebbighausen &amp; Korn 2004 Coll.; MB.C.31295.2 – 31295.5 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Specimen MB.C.31295.1 (Fig. 15C) was chosen as the holotype because it is the only one that shows traces of the shell ornament. It is, with 34 mm conch diameter, thickly pachyconic and subinvolute (ww/ dm ~ 0.82; uw/dm ~ 0.21) with a strongly depressed, reniform whorl profile (ww/wh ~1.77), a very small whorl overlap zone (IZR ~0.12) and a very high coiling rate (WER ~2.85). The whorl profile has a broadly parabolic outline. The venter is broadly arched; the conch is widest at the umbilical margin from where the broadly rounded flanks converge towards the venter. The umbilical margin is continuously rounded and the umbilical wall is convex. The suture line extends almost straight across the umbilical wall, flanks and venter. Shell remains on the umbilical wall show that four fine and sharp, wide-standing spiral lines are located on the outer portion of the umbilical wall. These spirals are entirely formed by the shell; they are not visible on the internal mould.</p><p>Paratype MB.C.31295.3 (Fig. 15B) is also a desert-corroded specimen, with 42 mm conch diameter, of which the last quarter of a whorl belongs to the body chamber. It has a geometry very similar to that of the holotype (ww/dm ~0.81; uw/dm ~ 0.20; ww/wh ~1.76; WER ~ 2.89; IZR ~0.11) The suture line extends almost straight across the umbilical wall, flanks and venter (Fig. 16A).</p><p>The second paratype, MB.C.31295.2 (Fig. 15A), has about 49 mm in conch diameter and is less strongly corroded than the other two specimens. It is an internal mould that appears to be completely smooth without any traces of ornament. Its conch proportions are almost exactly corresponding to those of the other two specimens.</p><p>The three specimens show that ontogenetic changes of the conch geometry and variation between the specimens is low (Fig. 16B–D), at least in the examined size-range. Between 20 and 49 mm in conch diameter, the ww/dm ratio ranges between 0.81 and 0.88, the uw/dm ratio between 0.20 and 0.25 and the whorl expansion rate between 2.83 and 2.89.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Liroceras vermis sp. nov. belongs to the thickly pachyconic to globular species of the genus like L. excentricum and L. lunense, while the other species possess more compressed conchs. The new species differs from L. lunense and L. concentricus in the wider umbilicus (uw/dm ~ 0.20 in L. vermis and ~ 0.12 in the other two species) and from L. praelunense in the more slender conch (ww/dm ~ 0.82 in contrast to ~ 0.92).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE7E87800777FF8EFD231290FE39FBFC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Klug, Christian	Korn, Dieter, Klug, Christian (2023): Early Carboniferous coiled nautiloids from the Anti-Atlas (Morocco). European Journal of Taxonomy 885: 156-194, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.885.2199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.885.2199
AE7E87800779FF80FDDF14ACFBE4FC4F.text	AE7E87800779FF80FDDF14ACFBE4FC4F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Liroceras karaouii Korn & Klug 2023	<div><p>Liroceras karaouii sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 2EDCD119-FDE9-426A-9547-A89E8AA520F4</p><p>Fig. 17; Table 7</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Liroceras with thickly pachyconic, subinvolute conch (ww/dm ~0.75; uw/dm ~0.25), whorl profile moderately depressed (ww/wh ~ 1.65) with broadly rounded venter and subangular umbilical margin. Coiling rate very high (WER ~ 2.65), whorls very weakly embracing (IZR ~0.17). Suture line nearly straight.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Named after Driss Karaoui (Hassilabied), the collector of the specimen.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype MOROCCO • Anti-Atlas, region south-west of Rissani; basal Mougoui Ayoun Formation; Karaoui Coll.; illustrated in Fig. 17; PIMUZ 39515.</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype PIMUZ 39515 is a corroded, desert-polished specimen with a phragmocone diameter of about 46 mm (Fig. 17). It is fully septate and has about 22 chambers in the last volution. It is, at 46 mm in conch diameter, thickly pachyconic and subinvolute (ww/dm=0.77; uw/dm=0.25) with a strongly depressed, reniform whorl profile (ww/wh=1.65), a very small whorl overlap zone (IZR= 0.17) and a very high coiling rate (WER ~ 2.65). The whorl profile is crescent-shaped and widest at the subangular umbilical margin. The umbilical wall is flattened and slightly oblique. The suture line extends nearly linearly across the flanks and venter.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Liroceras karaouii sp. nov. differs from L. vermis sp. nov. in the subangular umbilical margin and in the slightly wider umbilicus (uw/dm ~ 0.25 in L. karaouii but only uw/dm ~ 0.20 in L. vermis). This shape of the umbilicus is also the most important distinguishing character from the other species of the genus. The pronounced umbilical margin in L. karaouii can be seen as a plesiomorphic character, which transforms from the possible evolutionary lineage from Bistrialites to Liroceras .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE7E87800779FF80FDDF14ACFBE4FC4F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Klug, Christian	Korn, Dieter, Klug, Christian (2023): Early Carboniferous coiled nautiloids from the Anti-Atlas (Morocco). European Journal of Taxonomy 885: 156-194, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.885.2199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.885.2199
AE7E87800778FF83FDF717E2FC1DFBB5.text	AE7E87800778FF83FDF717E2FC1DFBB5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ephippioceras Hyatt 1884	<div><p>Genus Ephippioceras Hyatt, 1884</p><p>Type species</p><p>Nautilus ferratus Cox, 1858; original designation.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Genus of the family Ephippioceratidae with pachyconic to globular, involute conch. The first whorl is about 10 mm in diameter; the conch is rapidly increasing in height with a high coiling rate (WER usually higher than 2.50). Whorls weakly embracing, with reniform profile. Shell surface smooth, sometimes with fine spiral lines. Septa bipartite by a median inflexion and two strongly concave lateral sides. Suture line with subtriangular external saddle, shallow lobes on flanks and umbilical wall and rounded internal saddle. The siphuncle has a position between the centre of the aperture and the venter (after Gordon 1965; Shimansky 1967).</p><p>Included Early Carboniferous species</p><p>North America (Cox 1858): Nautilus ferratus Cox, 1858, Kentucky.</p><p>British Isles (Sowerby 1821; Ramsbottom &amp; Moore 1961): Nautilus bilobatus Sowerby, 1821, Scotland; Ephippioceras spirale Ramsbottom &amp; Moore, 1961, Ireland.</p><p>North Africa (this paper): Ephippioceras pygops sp. nov.; Anti-Atlas.</p><p>West Russia and Urals (Hyatt 1891; Fredericks 1915; Shimansky 1967): Ephippioceras Verneuili Hyatt, 1891, South Urals; Ephippioceras mosquense Fredericks, 1915, Moscow Basin; Ephippioceras sphaericum Shimansky, 1967, South Urals.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Ephippioceras is a genus of which several of the species are known from only a few specimens; furthermore, the very different sizes of the described specimens make a comparison difficult. Another problem is the often fragmentary preservation of the material.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE7E87800778FF83FDF717E2FC1DFBB5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Klug, Christian	Korn, Dieter, Klug, Christian (2023): Early Carboniferous coiled nautiloids from the Anti-Atlas (Morocco). European Journal of Taxonomy 885: 156-194, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.885.2199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.885.2199
AE7E8780077BFF82FDC21577FA9CFD6E.text	AE7E8780077BFF82FDC21577FA9CFD6E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ephippioceras pygops Korn & Klug 2023	<div><p>Ephippioceras pygops sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 498203A9-1F48-441C-B413-35C683103AE1</p><p>Fig. 18; Table 8</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Ephippioceras with thickly pachyconic, subinvolute conch, whorl profile moderately depressed (ww/wh ~1.60) with broadly rounded venter and rounded umbilical margin. Impressed zone deep (IZR ~ 0.37). Suture line with high, subangular ventral saddle.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Named after the brachiopod genus Pygope, because of the shape of the septal surface.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype MOROCCO • Anti-Atlas, east of Gara el Itima, 36 km east-northeast of Taouz; uppermost Zrigat Formation; Ebbighausen &amp; Korn 2004 Coll.; illustrated in Fig. 18; MB.C.31292.</p><p>Description</p><p>Specimen MB.C.31292 (Fig. 18A) is a fragment of a specimen with a phragmocone diameter of about 80 mm. The whorl profile is crescent-shaped with a broadly rounded venter that continues onto the flanks, a rounded umbilical margin and a convex umbilical wall. The whorl section is moderately depressed (ww/wh=1.60) and the whorl embraces the preceding one to a rather high degree (IZR =0.37). The septal surface shows the striking bilobate shape with a median ridge that separates the septum in two concave bulges. The suture line forms a narrow, subangular saddle on the venter, a wide, broadly rounded lobe on the flank and another smaller lobe on the umbilical wall (Fig. 18C).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Ephippioceras pygops sp. nov. has a far less depressed whorl profile when compared with the other species of the genus. While the ww/wh ratio is only 1.60 in E. pygops, it is close to a value of 2.00 or even higher in E. clitellarium and E. sphaericum (Shimansky 1967) . In E. bilobatum, E. ferratum and E. verneuili, the whorl overlap is much lower (IZR ~ 0.20) than in E. pygops (IZR ~0.37). Ephippioceras spirale is difficult to compare because of the small size (19 mm dm) of the only one specimen.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE7E8780077BFF82FDC21577FA9CFD6E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Klug, Christian	Korn, Dieter, Klug, Christian (2023): Early Carboniferous coiled nautiloids from the Anti-Atlas (Morocco). European Journal of Taxonomy 885: 156-194, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.885.2199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.885.2199
AE7E8780077DFF85FDB3104BFA8FF9CD.text	AE7E8780077DFF85FDB3104BFA8FF9CD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Solenochilus Meek & Worthen 1870	<div><p>Genus Solenochilus Meek &amp; Worthen, 1870</p><p>Type species</p><p>Nautilus (Cryptoceras) Springeri White &amp; St. John, 1868; original designation.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Genus of the family Solenochilidae with pachyconic to globular, involute or subinvolute conch. The conch is very rapidly increasing in height with an extremely high coiling rate (WER usually higher than 4.00). Adult body chamber with long lateral outgrowths. Whorls weakly without contact or embracing, their profile ranges from reniform to nearly circular. Suture line simple, nearly straight with a small annular lobe. The siphuncle has a position adjacent to the venter (after Gordon 1965; Shimansky 1967).</p><p>Included Early Carboniferous species</p><p>Gordon (1965: 152) gave an overview of the previously described species of Solenochilus . He listed 24 species (some with question marks), most of which are known from Late Carboniferous strata of North America.</p><p>So far, only a few Early Carboniferous species are known from two regions:</p><p>British Isles(Phillips 1836; Foord 1891, 1901): Nautilus dorsalis Phillips, 1836,Yorkshire; Solenocheilus Hibernicus Foord, 1891, Ireland; Solenocheilus clausus Foord, 1901, Ireland.</p><p>North Africa (this paper): Solenochilus lucynae sp. nov., Anti-Atlas; Solenochilus pohlei sp. nov., Anti-Atlas.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Solenochilus is a genus whose species are mainly known from late Carboniferous strata of North America. Gordon (1965) published an identification key for these species, in which the species described from Europe can also be included. However, it is clear that this key does not represent a phylogenetic scheme and that it contains species with different ontogenetic stages.</p><p>Most occurrences of specimens of the genus are in sediments of the shallow shelf; therefore, Solenochilus is usually only rarely found together with ammonoids. For example, the genus is apparently absent from the assemblages of the Dalle à Merocanites of Timimoun (Korn et al. 2022) and Gara el Itima N; both are occurrences characterised by a high number of ammonoid specimens. The comparatively frequent occurrence of the genus in layers with many ammonoids at Rissani is therefore an exception.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE7E8780077DFF85FDB3104BFA8FF9CD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Klug, Christian	Korn, Dieter, Klug, Christian (2023): Early Carboniferous coiled nautiloids from the Anti-Atlas (Morocco). European Journal of Taxonomy 885: 156-194, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.885.2199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.885.2199
AE7E8780077DFF87FDCF178EFB82FD77.text	AE7E8780077DFF87FDCF178EFB82FD77.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Solenochilus lucynae Korn & Klug 2023	<div><p>Solenochilus lucynae sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: C87D7BC3-B511-48C4-922B-FCF319D97534</p><p>Fig. 19; Table 9</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Solenochilus with thickly pachyconic, involute conch (ww/dm ~0.80; umbilicus closed), whorl profile weakly depressed (ww/wh ~ 1.25) with broadly rounded venter and broadly rounded umbilical margin. Coiling rate extremely high (WER ~3.90), whorls moderately embracing (IZR ~ 0.25). Suture line on flanks and venter nearly straight, in dorsal area with deep, V-shaped internal lobe.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Named after Lucyna Leda, who found the holotype.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype MOROCCO • Anti-Atlas, 18 km south-east of Rissani; basal Mougoui Ayoun Formation; Leda 2011 Coll.; illustrated in Fig. 19; MB.C.31286.</p><p>Paratypes MOROCCO • 2 specimens; Anti-Atlas, region south-east of Rissani; basal Mougoui Ayoun Formation; Karaoui Coll.; PIMUZ 39509, PIMUZ 39514 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype MB.C.31286 is a steinkern specimen with a 72 mm conch diameter, of which the last 120 degrees belong to the body chamber (Fig. 19). The peculiar conch shape with extremely high coiling rate (WER =3.92) can be described as thickly pachyconic (ww/dm=0.82); the whorl profile is characterised by the nearly circular, weakly depressed shape (ww/wh ~1.25) with venter, flanks, umbilical margin and umbilical wall broadly rounded. The embraced area of the preceding whorl is very small, the imprint zone depth is ~0.25. The internal mould is smooth, without traces of ornament. The suture line possesses a very shallow, broadly rounded lateral lobe and a very shallow external lobe.</p><p>Paratype PIMUZ 39509 is much smaller at 27 mm dm. The initial chamber is conical with a diameter of ca 4.8 mm. Half of it has broken off, exposing the first septum. The whorl height increase is extreme, while the umbilical width and whorl overlap are very low. The whorl cross section is nearly circular. The first four sutures are nearly straight with a very small and shallow external lobe. Following the fourth septum (ca 14 mm dm), a few weak radial ridges are visible on the flank, which fade out after a few millimetres. Parts of the growth lines are visible on the broadest part of the whorl, where they form a projection (at 15 mm dm).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Solenochilus lucynae sp. nov. differs from the other Early Carboniferous species of the genus as follows: S. dorsale and S. hibernicum possess, in contrast to the new species, a slightly opened umbilicus. Solenochilus clausum has an almost closed umbilicus but differs in the more slender conch and hence a narrower whorl profile (ww/wh ~ 0.70) from S. lucynae (ww/wh ~ 1.25).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE7E8780077DFF87FDCF178EFB82FD77	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Klug, Christian	Korn, Dieter, Klug, Christian (2023): Early Carboniferous coiled nautiloids from the Anti-Atlas (Morocco). European Journal of Taxonomy 885: 156-194, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.885.2199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.885.2199
AE7E8780077FFFB9FDD51237FC5CFC80.text	AE7E8780077FFFB9FDD51237FC5CFC80.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Solenochilus pohlei Korn & Klug 2023	<div><p>Solenochilus pohlei sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 7C35A00D-0C45-43E5-A3F0-B7A2811164D6</p><p>Fig. 20; Table 10</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Solenochilus with thickly pachyconic, involute conch (ww/dm ~ 0.80; uw/dm ~0.15), whorl profile weakly compressed (ww/wh ~ 1.40) with broadly rounded venter and rounded umbilical margin. Development of a distinct ridge in the centre of the umbilical wall. Coiling rate extremely high (WER higher than 5.50), whorls not embracing. Suture line nearly straight.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Named after Alexander Pohle, in honour of his studies on Palaeozoic nautiloids.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype MOROCCO • Anti-Atlas, region south-east of Rissani; basal Mougoui Ayoun Formation; Karaoui Coll.; illustrated in Fig. 20B; PIMUZ 39513.</p><p>Paratype MOROCCO • 1 specimen; same collection data as for holotype; Karaoui Coll.; PIMUZ 39508 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype PIMUZ 39513 is an almost completely septate fragment of a conch with a constructed diameter of about 78 mm (Fig. 20A–B). It has an oval, slightly depressed whorl profile (ww/wh ~1.40) with a broadly rounded area consisting of flanks and venter.The whorl profile is widest near the rounded umbilical margin. The umbilical wall shows a rapid change from a simple convex shape to a biconcave shape in the segment of the last third volution. This is produced by the rapid protrusion of a narrowly rounded ridge, which would probably develop into a longer umbilical spine at a later ontogenetic stage. The dorsum is flattened and slightly incurved, but there is no sign of a preceding whorl; the coiling rate is extremely high (WER ~ 5.60). The specimen shows an oval, slightly depressed whorl profile in the penultimate half volution (Fig. 20A). The specimen does not provide evidence of the size of the protoconch. Areas of the shell surface are preserved on the umbilical wall and the inner flanks, although heavily corroded. They show fine growth lines that are already strongly curved backwards from the umbilical ridge, show a weak projection on the umbilical margin and extend backwards on the inner flank.</p><p>Paratype PIMUZ 39508 is also corroded and measures 73 mm in diameter (Fig. 20C). It exposes two thirds of the last whorl including parts of the body chamber. This specimen shows no whorl overlap and an extreme whorl expansion rate of over 6.00. The umbilicus is opened (uw/dm =0.16); the umbilicus is oblique and convex. It displays the characteristic bulge, which rises from the umbilical seam and climbs toward the umbilical shoulder over the last half volution. The terminal spine is not preserved, since the terminal aperture is missing. It shows the nearly straight suture line. It shows that the siphuncle has a nearly ventral position but does not affect the suture line.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Solenochilus pohlei sp. nov. differs from S. lucynae sp. nov. in the presence of a ridge in the centre of the umbilical wall. Furthermore, S. lucynae has embracing whorls, while in S. pohlei the whorls, at least at a conch diameter of about 78 mm, do not show a concave whorl zone.</p><p>A very similar specimen was illustrated by Sturgeon &amp; Miller (1948) as Solenochilus greenensis; however, it has a Moscovian age. According to the authors, is has a “relatively narrow” impressed zone and differs thus from S. pohlei sp. nov., without an impressed zone.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE7E8780077FFFB9FDD51237FC5CFC80	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Klug, Christian	Korn, Dieter, Klug, Christian (2023): Early Carboniferous coiled nautiloids from the Anti-Atlas (Morocco). European Journal of Taxonomy 885: 156-194, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.885.2199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.885.2199
