identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
AF0676BC593E5D8383F05D6452E92C3D.text	AF0676BC593E5D8383F05D6452E92C3D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hypoderma paralinderae J. F. Zhang & Z. Y. Liu 2020	<div><p>Hypoderma paralinderae J.F. Zhang &amp; Z.Y. Liu sp. nov. Figure 2</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Referring to the morphological similarity with Hypoderma linderae .</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>GZAAS 19-1769.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Apothecia developing on dead stems, scattered, dark brown to black, shiny, long elliptical to slightly fusiform, straight or somewhat curved, ends rounded or obtuse, rising above the surface of the substrate, opening by a single longitudinal split. Lips moderately developed, pale brown (Fig. 2a, b). In median vertical section (Fig. 2c), apothecia subcuticular, 200-280 µm deep. Covering stroma (Fig. 2e) up to 38-45 µm thick near the opening, becoming to 12-18 µm thick towards the edges, extending to the basal stroma, consisting of an outer layer of host cuticle and several layers of dark brown, thick-walled cells of textura angularis. Lip cells (Fig. 2d) clavate to cylindrical, 11-23 × 2-3 µm, thin-walled, hyaline to pale brown, 0-1-septate. Basal stroma (Fig. 2f) 10-16 µm thick, consisting of several layers of brown, thick-walled cells, arranged in textura angularis, becoming colourless, thin-walled cells of textura prismatica towards the subhymenium. Subhymenium 19-27 µm thick, composed of several layers of hyaline, thin-walled cells of textura angularis. Paraphyses 1.5-2 µm, filiform, aseptate, unbranched, often curved, but not swollen at the apex, anastomosing at the base. Asci (81.5-)110-120(-129) × 10-14 µm (x ¯ = 108 × 12 µm, n = 25), 8-spored, unitunicate, cylindrical-clavate, round to subtruncate at the apex, with a 38-49 µm long stalk, thin-walled, J-, apical ring, without circumapical thickening. Ascospores 26-32.5 × 2.5-4.5 µm (x ¯ = 30.5 × 3.5 µm, n = 35, measured without the gelatinous sheath), multi-seriate and mostly arranged in the upper half of ascus, fusiform to slightly cylindrical, straight or lightly curved, apex rounded and tapering slightly to an acute base, aseptate, hyaline, guttulate, surrounded by a 0.5-1.5 µm thick gelatinous sheath (extending to 2.5 µm at the poles). Asexual morph: Not observed.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>CHINA, Guizhou Province, Leishan County, dead stems of unidentified herbaceous plants, 2 November 2017, J.F. Zhang, LS-21 (GZAAS 19-1769, holotype).</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Our phylogenetic analysis shows that Hypoderma paralinderae is placed in Hypoderma D clade (Fig. 1) and clustered with H. cordylines, H. hederae and H. rubi . Both H. paralinderae and H. codylines have similar sized asci (110-122.5 × 5.5-7 µm vs. 90-140 × 11-16 µm); however, they can be distinguished by the different shape and size of ascospores (fusiform to slightly cylindrical, 26-32.5 × 2.5-4.5 µm in H. paralinderae vs. elliptic, 14-21 × 4.5-6 µm in H. cordylines) (Johnston 1990). Hypoderma paralinderae shares similar-sized asci with H. hederae; however, it is differentiated from the latter by larger ascospores (26-32.5 × 2.5-4.5 µm vs. 18-22 × 3.5-4 µm) (Powell 1974). Moreover, H. hederae was described with oblong-cylindrical ascospores that are bluntly round on both ends; however, the ascospores in H. paralinderae are fusiform to cylindrical, but rounded at the apex and tapering slightly to an acute base (Powell 1974), while H. paralinderae differs from H. rubi by having obviously larger asci (110-122.5 × 5.5-7 µm vs. 60-100 × 10-12.5 µm) and ascospores (26-32.5 × 2.5-4.5 µm vs. 14-18 × 3.5-4.5 µm) (Hou et al. 2007). Besides, the recommendations of delineation taxa from Jeewon and Hyde (2016) are followed and comparisons of the ITS gene region between H. paralinderae and H. cordylines (ICMP 17344), as well as H. paralinderae and H. rubi (ICMP 17339) are processed. The results showed that there are 9/468 bp (1.9%) and 9/467 (1.9%) bp differences (including gaps) between them, respectively. According to the above evidence, H. paralinderae is introduced herein as new to science.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AF0676BC593E5D8383F05D6452E92C3D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Zhang, Jin-Feng;Liu, Jian-Kui;Hyde, Kevin D.;Ekanayaka, Anusha H.;Liu, Zuo-Yi	Zhang, Jin-Feng, Liu, Jian-Kui, Hyde, Kevin D., Ekanayaka, Anusha H., Liu, Zuo-Yi (2020): Morpho-phylogenetic evidence reveals new species in Rhytismataceae (Rhytismatales, Leotiomycetes, Ascomycota) from Guizhou Province, China. MycoKeys 76: 81-106, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.76.58465, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.76.58465
321F406BEEE2597CBC7935C57E8527D0.text	321F406BEEE2597CBC7935C57E8527D0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Terriera karsti J. F. Zhang & J. K. Liu 2020	<div><p>Terriera karsti J.F. Zhang &amp; J.K. Liu sp. nov. Figure 3</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>MFLU 18-2288.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Refers to the karst landscape where the holotype was collected.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Apothecia developing on dead branch, elliptical or oblong-elliptical in outline, ends slightly acute to obtuse. Apothecia surface black, matt or slightly glossy, moderately raising the substratum surface, opening by a single longitudinal split that extends to the ends of the apothecium (Fig. 3a, b). Lips absent. In median vertical section (Fig. 3d), apothecia deeply embedded in host tissue, with host cells becoming filled with fungal tissue as the apothecium develops. Covering stroma (Fig. 3c) 30-45 µm thick, composed of blackish-brown to black, thick-walled cells of textura angularis towards the exterior and several layers of pale to nearly hyaline, thin-walled cells towards the interior. Along the edge of the apothecial opening, there is a flattened, 12-20 µm thick extension adjacent to the covering stroma that is composed of strongly melanised tissue with no obvious cellular structure. Basal stroma 8-18 µm thick, dark brown or blackish-brown, composed of angular to globose, thick-walled cells, 2.5-4 µm diam. A triangular space between the covering stroma and basal stroma consists of thin-walled, nearly hyaline to grey-brown cells arranged in textura prismatica. Paraphyses 1-2 µm, filiform, hyaline, septate, gradually swollen or branching once at the apex, embedded in gelatinous sheaths. Asci (103-)110-122.5 × 5.5-7 µm (x ¯ = 113 × 6 µm, n = 20), 8-spored, unitunicate, cylindrical, long stalk, thin-walled, apex truncate to somewhat round, J-, without circumapical thickening. Ascospores 55-66 × 1.5-2.0 µm (x ¯ = 61 × 1.8 µm, n = 25), fascicle, but not coiled, filiform, gradually tapering toward the ends, hyaline, aseptate, smooth-walled, straight or slightly curved, lacking gelatinous sheath. Asexual morph: Not observed.</p><p>Culture characteristics.</p><p>Colonies on PDA reaching 51 mm after 14 days at 25 °C, irregular in shape, cottony with moderately dense, fluffy aerial mycelium. At first, white, becoming slightly greyish in the centre, reverse side bronze in the centre and pale towards the edge.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>CHINA, Guizhou Province, Guiyang, Yunyan District, dead branch of unidentified ligneous plants, 6 May 2016, J.F. Zhang, SH-06 (MFLU 18-2288, holotype); ibid. (GZAAS 19-1720, isotype); ex-type living culture, GZCC 19-0047.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>In the present study (Fig. 1), Terriera karsti is phylogenetically close to T. camelliicola and T. thailandica with moderate support (MPBP 63% and BYPP 1.00). Terriera karsti is not significantly distinguished from T. camelliicola, based only on morphological characters as they share similar-sized asci (110-122.5 × 5.5-7 µm vs. 85-120 × 5.5-6.5 µm) and ascospores (55-66 × 1.5-2 µm vs. 50-70 × 1 µm) (Johnston 2001). However, the ascospores of T. camelliicola are covered by a 0.5 µm wide gelatinous sheath, while this is not observed in T. karsti (Sharma 1982). In order to clarify their affinity, the recommendations of species delineation from Jeewon and Hyde (2016) were followed and the comparison of each gene region between these two taxa is processed and showed that there are 9/840 bp (1%) and 10/694 bp (14.4%) differences in LSU and mtSSU regions, respectively, while T. karsti can be easily differentiated from T. thailandica by its larger asci (110-122.5 × 5.5-7 µm vs. 80-105 × 3.4-6.6 µm) and ascospores (55-66 × 1.5-2 µm vs. 38-60 × 1-1.5 µm) (Hyde et al. 2016). A comparison of the LSU gene region between these two taxa has also been processed and the result showed that there are 3/838 bp (base pair) differences. Based on phylogenetic analyses, coupled with morphological distinction, Terriera karsti is introduced herein as a new species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/321F406BEEE2597CBC7935C57E8527D0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Zhang, Jin-Feng;Liu, Jian-Kui;Hyde, Kevin D.;Ekanayaka, Anusha H.;Liu, Zuo-Yi	Zhang, Jin-Feng, Liu, Jian-Kui, Hyde, Kevin D., Ekanayaka, Anusha H., Liu, Zuo-Yi (2020): Morpho-phylogenetic evidence reveals new species in Rhytismataceae (Rhytismatales, Leotiomycetes, Ascomycota) from Guizhou Province, China. MycoKeys 76: 81-106, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.76.58465, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.76.58465
7364F7673A2250BE908EA87521B1B7B4.text	7364F7673A2250BE908EA87521B1B7B4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Terriera meitanensis J. F. Zhang & Z. Y. Liu 2020	<div><p>Terriera meitanensis J.F. Zhang &amp; Z.Y. Liu sp. nov. Figure 4</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>MFLU 18-2299.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Referring to the locality of the holotype, Meitan County, Guizhou Province, China.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Apothecia developing on dead stems (Fig. 4a), semi-immersed to superficial, elliptical or oblong-elliptical, ends slightly acute to obtuse, surface black, matt, raising the substratum surface, opening by a single longitudinal split that extends nearly the entire length (Fig. 4b, c). In median vertical section (Fig. 4d), apothecia deeply embedded in host tissue, with host cells becoming filled with fungal tissue as the apothecium develops. Covering stroma (Fig. 4e) 33-42 µm thick, composed of blackish-brown, thick-walled cells that are fused with host tissue in the outermost layers, becoming pale pigmented or nearly colourless towards the hymenium, thin-walled cells, arranged in textura angularis or textura globulosa. Along the upper edge of the apothecial opening, there is a flattened, 19-34 µm thick extension adjacent to the covering stroma that is composed of strongly melanised tissue with no obvious cellular structure. Basal stroma (Fig. 4g) 8-18 µm thick, dark-brown or blackish-brown, composed of angular to globose, thick-walled cells, 2.5-4 µm diam. Where the covering stroma meets the basal stroma, there is a triangular-shaped, 35-60 µm thick, tissue composed of thin-walled, hyaline to pale brown cells forming a textura prismatica (Fig. 4f). Subhymenium 12-16 µm thick, consisting of hyaline textura angularis to textura intricata. Paraphyses 1-2 µm, filiform, hyaline, septate, gradually swollen or branching once at the apex, embedded in gelatinous matrix, anastomosing at the base. Asci (98.5-)113-125.5(-131.5) × 6-7.5 µm (x ¯ = 117 × 6.5 µm, n = 20), 8-spored, unitunicate, cylindrical, somewhat long-stalked, thin-walled, apex generally truncate, J-, without circumapical thickening. Ascospores 47-54.5 × 1.5-2.5 µm (x ¯ = 50.5 × 2 µm, n = 35), fascicle, filiform, gradually tapering towards the ends, hyaline, aseptate, smooth-walled, straight or slightly curved, lacking a gelatinous sheath. Asexual morph: Not observed.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>CHINA, Guizhou Province, Zunyi, Meitan County, dead stems of unidentified host, 28 August 2017, J.F. Zhang, MT-1 (MFLU 18-2299, holotype); ibid. (GZAAS 19-1731, isotype).</p><p>Notes.</p><p>In our phylogenetic analysis (Fig. 1), Terriera meitanensis is placed in a robust clade with T. camelliicola, T. elliptica, T. karsti and T. thailandica by strong statistical support (MPBP 100% and BYPP 1.00). Terriera meitanensis has larger asci than T. camelliicola and T. thailandica, while the ascospores of T. meitanensis are smaller (Johnston 2001; Hyde et al. 2016). Both T. meitanensis and T. karsti share similar-sized asci, but T. karsti has larger ascospores (47-54.5 × 1.5-2.5 µm vs. 55-66 × 1.5-2.0 µm). Terriera meitanensis differs from T. elliptica by its obviously smaller asci (113-122.5 × 6-7.5 µm vs. 135-175 × 7-9 µm) and ascospores (47-54.5 × 1.5-2.5 µm vs. 60-85 × 1.5-2 µm) (Zhang et al. 2015). Moreover, the ascospores of T. camelliicola and T. elliptica are enveloped by a gelatinous sheath, respectively, while this is not observed in T. meitanensis . In addition, the comparison of the ITS gene region is processed between T. meitanensis and its closest species T. elliptica, based on the recommendations from Jeewon and Hyde (2016) and the results showed that there are 15/489 bp (3%) differences. Therefore, we introduce T. meitanensis herein as a new species, based on morphological and molecular evidence.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7364F7673A2250BE908EA87521B1B7B4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Zhang, Jin-Feng;Liu, Jian-Kui;Hyde, Kevin D.;Ekanayaka, Anusha H.;Liu, Zuo-Yi	Zhang, Jin-Feng, Liu, Jian-Kui, Hyde, Kevin D., Ekanayaka, Anusha H., Liu, Zuo-Yi (2020): Morpho-phylogenetic evidence reveals new species in Rhytismataceae (Rhytismatales, Leotiomycetes, Ascomycota) from Guizhou Province, China. MycoKeys 76: 81-106, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.76.58465, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.76.58465
19F4284699D25FCDB177A58B33DAFFE3.text	19F4284699D25FCDB177A58B33DAFFE3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Terriera sigmoideospora J. F. Zhang & K. D. Hyde 2020	<div><p>Terriera sigmoideospora J.F. Zhang &amp; K.D. Hyde sp. nov. Figure 5</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>MFLU 18-2297.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Refers to its sigmoidal ascospores.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Apothecia developing on fallen leaves, scattered, dark brown to black, matt, elliptical, sometimes 3-lobed or triangular, straight or slightly curved, ends rounded to subacute, strongly raising the surface of the substrate at maturity, opening by a single longitudinal split that extends almost the whole length of the apothecium (Fig. 5a, b). Immature apothecia appearing as a single dark brown protrusion, circular to slightly elongated. In median vertical section (Fig. 5d), apothecia 185-220 μm deep. Covering stroma (Fig. 5c) 20-25 μm thick near the centre of the apothecium, consisting of an outer layer of host cuticle, remains of epidermal and hypodermal cells filled with thick-walled, angular fungal cells and an inner layer of textura angularis to textura globulosa with 4-7 μm diam., dark brown, thick-walled cells, slightly thinner towards the edges, extending to the basal stroma, but conspicuously thicker towards the apothecial opening, with a 15-27 μm thick extension comprising highly melanised tissue with no obvious cellular structure. Excipulum moderately developed, closely adhering to the covering stroma and the extension, arising from the marginal paraphyses, becoming thinner towards the base. Basal stroma concave, 12-15 μm thick, composed of dark brown, thick-walled, angular cells. A triangular space between the covering stroma and basal stroma is composed of thin-walled, colourless cells that are vertically arranged in rows. Subhymenium 6-9 μm thick, flat, consisting of hyaline cells of textura intricata. Paraphyses filiform, hyaline, septate, gradually or suddenly swollen to 2.5 μm near the apex, covered by a thin gelatinous sheath, forming a 4-8 μm thick epithecium. Asci (93.5-)102-121 × 5-6 μm (x ¯ = 108.5 × 5.5 µm, n = 20), 8-spored, unitunicate, cylindrical, apex tapering to round, thin-walled, J-, without circumapical thickening. Ascospores 79-95 × 1.5-2 μm (x ¯ = 89.5 × 1.9 µm, n = 30), fascicle, filiform, sigmoid, tapering slightly towards the ends, hyaline, aseptate, guttulate, gelatinous sheath not observed. Asexual morph: Not observed.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>CHINA, Guizhou Province, Guiyang, dead leaves of unidentified host, 5 October 2016, J.F. Zhang, GZ-28 (MFLU 18-2297, holotype); ibid. (GZAAS 19-1729, isotype).</p><p>Notes.</p><p>In the present phylogenetic analysis (Fig. 1), Terriera sigmoideospora is placed within Terriera and is related to T. houjiazhuangensis C.L. Hou &amp; S.R. Hou by strong statistical support (MPBP 99% and BYPP 1.00). Terriera sigmoideospora shares similar-sized asci with T. houjiazhuangensis (102-121 × 5-6 μm vs. 103-128 × 4-6 μm), but has larger ascospores (79-95 × 1.5-2 μm vs. 73-82 × 0.6-0.9 μm) (Cai et al. 2020). Besides, the ascospores of T. houjiazhuangensis are enveloped by an inconspicuous gelatinous sheath, while this is not observed in T. sigmoideospora . In addition, the comparison of the ITS gene region between these two taxa has been processed and showed that there are 19/815 (2.3%) bp differences. Terriera pandanicola is sister to the above two taxa; however, it is significantly distinguished from T. sigmoideospora as its obviously smaller asci (50-66 × 4-5 μm vs. 102-121 × 5-6 μm) and ascospores (55-78 × 1-2 μm vs. 79-95 × 1.5-2 μm) (Tibpromma et al. 2018).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/19F4284699D25FCDB177A58B33DAFFE3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Zhang, Jin-Feng;Liu, Jian-Kui;Hyde, Kevin D.;Ekanayaka, Anusha H.;Liu, Zuo-Yi	Zhang, Jin-Feng, Liu, Jian-Kui, Hyde, Kevin D., Ekanayaka, Anusha H., Liu, Zuo-Yi (2020): Morpho-phylogenetic evidence reveals new species in Rhytismataceae (Rhytismatales, Leotiomycetes, Ascomycota) from Guizhou Province, China. MycoKeys 76: 81-106, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.76.58465, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.76.58465
