taxonID	type	description	language	source
AD5A87E0FFE4FFFA2AA8FE2AFF293AC1.taxon	materials_examined	Type species. Antarcturus oryx zur Strassen, 1902 (subsequent designation by Stebbing 1908).	en	Poore, Gary C. B. (2012): Marmachius, a spectacular new genus of Antarcturidae (Crustacea: Isopoda: Valvifera). Zootaxa 3559: 61-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.210340
AD5A87E0FFE4FFFA2AA8FE2AFF293AC1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body weakly geniculate between pereonites 4 and 5, anterior pereon slightly elevated. Head with pair of submedian spines between eyes. Pereonites with supracoxal spines on all pereonites, with paired sublateral spines, without paired submedian spines (sometimes with tubercles), without middorsal spines. Pleonite 1 fused to remaining pleotelson; pleonites without middorsal spines, with paired submedian spines or tubercles, with pairs of sublateral tubercles or with few pairs of sublateral spines, none more prominent than others or with prominent pair of sublateral spines near midpoint, with marginal lateral spines, with prominent paired posterior sublateral spines, without prominent medial posterior spine dorsal to margin. Antenna 2 flagellum of 9 or more short articles. Pereopods 2 – 4 with regular rows of long setae along flexor margins of merus-propodus; unguis short, curved. Pleopod 1 of male exopod groove opening distolaterally on margin, scarcely produced at opening. Pleopod 2 of male, appendix masculina acute, about as long as endopod. Oostegites 2 – 4 supported by ventral coxal processes, largest on pereonite 4; oostegite 5 absent, without ventral coxal processes.	en	Poore, Gary C. B. (2012): Marmachius, a spectacular new genus of Antarcturidae (Crustacea: Isopoda: Valvifera). Zootaxa 3559: 61-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.210340
AD5A87E0FFE4FFFA2AA8FE2AFF293AC1.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Zur Strassen (1902) separated his new genus Antarcturus from Arcturus Latreille, 1829 on the basis of the absence of a lateral covering of the mouthparts; in Arcturus (and in Arcturidae s. s.) mouthparts and usually pereopod 1 are not visible in lateral view. His differentiation is now true of Antarcturidae and related families generally (Poore 2001). Kussakin (1982) synonymised Dolichiscus Richardson, 1913 and ‘ Microarcturus ’ Nordenstam, 1933 with Antarcturus and his diagnosis was little more specific than that of zur Strassen. Dolichiscus is now regarded as a member of Austrarcturellidae (Poore 2001) and ‘ Microarcturus ’ is a nomen nudum, albeit with several described species (Poore 1991 b). Zur Strassen (1902) included Arcturus coppingeri and Arcturus furcatus Studer, 1882 with his new species Antarcturus oryx but did not select a type species; Stebbing (1908) selected the last of these as type species. Kussakin (1982) incorrectly stated that the type species is Arcturus coppingeri Miers, 1881. In the context of diagnosing six new arcturid (now antarcturid) genera, Brandt (1990) rediagnosed and restricted Antarcturus on the basis of slender body shape, fused pleotelson segments, paired spines on the head and pereonites, two long posterior pleotelsonic spines, long antenna 2 with multiarticulate flagellum, subchelate pereopod 1, and pereopods 2 – 4 dactylus without long setae and with two ungues. Her characterisation of the cephalothorax (head plus pereonite 1) spination, “ supraocular spines, followed by another pair of lobes, which bear one or more spines … followed by two smaller dorsomedial elevations; caudal margin of cephalothorax characterized by an elevation with several large or small spines ”, allows for some variability. Cephalothorax spination of members of this genus varies considerably; Brandt (1990) divided them into three groups, an oryx - group, hodgsoni - group and horridus - group on this basis. The pair of long posterior pleotelsonic spines seems universal in the 32 species presently assigned to Antarcturus. Half of the species described in the genus have been transferred to other antarcturid genera or to Dolichiscus Richardson, 1913 (Austrarcturellidae), most by Brandt (1990). All except five of the species presently accepted are from Southern Ocean and Antarctica; four have been described from the north-western Pacific Ocean (Kussakin 1982) and one from off the Galapagos Islands (Benedict 1898).	en	Poore, Gary C. B. (2012): Marmachius, a spectacular new genus of Antarcturidae (Crustacea: Isopoda: Valvifera). Zootaxa 3559: 61-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.210340
AD5A87E0FFE7FFF92AA8FF42FDB238A0.taxon	materials_examined	Type species. Marmachius fortunae n. sp., by original designation.	en	Poore, Gary C. B. (2012): Marmachius, a spectacular new genus of Antarcturidae (Crustacea: Isopoda: Valvifera). Zootaxa 3559: 61-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.210340
AD5A87E0FFE7FFF92AA8FF42FDB238A0.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body weakly geniculate between pereonites 4 and 5, anterior pereon slightly elevated. Head with pair of submedian spines between eyes. Pereonites with supracoxal spines on all pereonites, with paired sublateral spines (exceptionally long), with paired submedian spines (exceptionally long), with middorsal spines on posterior margins of pereonites 1 – 5. Pleonite 1 free from remaining segments of pleotelson; pleotelson dorsal surface bulbous, differentiated from lateral margin by longitudinal groove; pleonites 5 and 6 with middorsal spines, with paired submedian spines or tubercles, with few pairs of sublateral spines, none more prominent than others, with marginal lateral spines, with prominent paired posterior sublateral spines, with prominent medial posterior spine dorsal to margin. Antenna 2 flagellum of 9 or more short articles. Pereopods 2 – 4 with regular rows of long setae along flexor margins of merus-propodus; unguis short, curved. Pleopod 1 of male exopod groove opening distolaterally on lobe-like apex beset with numerous fine setae. Pleopod 2 of male, appendix masculina elongate, acute, considerably longer than endopod. Oostegites 2 – 4 unknown. Included species. Marmachius fortunae n. sp., Antarcturus princeps Kussakin & Vasina, 1998.	en	Poore, Gary C. B. (2012): Marmachius, a spectacular new genus of Antarcturidae (Crustacea: Isopoda: Valvifera). Zootaxa 3559: 61-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.210340
AD5A87E0FFE7FFF92AA8FF42FDB238A0.taxon	etymology	Etymology. For friend and fellow traveller Michael Marmach, whose carefully prepared 35 - mm photographs of crustaceans revealed their hitherto hidden colours and set Museum Victoria on the road to a web presence.	en	Poore, Gary C. B. (2012): Marmachius, a spectacular new genus of Antarcturidae (Crustacea: Isopoda: Valvifera). Zootaxa 3559: 61-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.210340
AD5A87E0FFE7FFF92AA8FF42FDB238A0.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The new genus shares many features with Antarcturus s. s. Both genera have paired submedian spines on the head, sublateral and lateral (supracoxal) spines on all pereonites and lateral spines on the pleotelson. All are much longer in Marmachius than in any species of Antarcturus. Submedian spines are prominent on all segments in Marmachius but are evident only as tubercles in Antarcturus oryx. Both genera possess posterolateral spines on the pleotelson. Only Marmachius possesses middorsal spines, on the posterior margins of pereonites 1 – 5, on pleonites 5 and 6, and a prominent medial posterior spine dorsal to the margin. Pleonite 1 is free from the remaining pleotelson in Marmachius but not so in Antarcturus. The oblique groove on the male pleopod 1 exopod opens on a distolateral shallow notch in Antarcturus but opens distolaterally on a lobe-like apex beset with numerous fine setae in Marmachius. This structure has not been illustrated as such in any other antarcturid. The figure of the male pleopod 1 of Antarcturus princeps is sufficiently similar and this species is here included in Marmachius. These two species share elongate spines seen elsewhere only in Acantharcturus Schultz, 1981. The male pleopod 1 of its type species, A. acutipleon Schultz, 1981 resembles that of Marmachius in as far as Schultz’s illustration allows. I have examined his holotype (USNM 181252) but the pleopods are lost. The species also has a free pleonite 1 and middorsal spines on the posterior margins of pereonites 1 – 5 but not on the pleon. Instead, the pleotelson ends in a strong posterior marginal spine, not a supramarginal one, lacks prominent paired sublateral posterior spines, and is evenly tapering instead of having a bulbous shape distinct from the margin. Acantharcturus also differs in having a shorter antenna 2 flagellum (four articles rather than nine), and having a setiform unguis on pereopods 2 – 4 rather than a short one.	en	Poore, Gary C. B. (2012): Marmachius, a spectacular new genus of Antarcturidae (Crustacea: Isopoda: Valvifera). Zootaxa 3559: 61-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.210340
AD5A87E0FFE7FFFD2AA8FA3CFDE43E69.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype. Australia, Victoria, 85 km S of Point Hicks, 38.5235 ° S, 149.3517 ° E, 1984 – 1360 m, G. C. B. Poore et al. on RV Franklin, beam trawl, 26 Oct 1988 (stn SLOPE 72), Museum Victoria (NMV) J 16897 (male, 39 mm).	en	Poore, Gary C. B. (2012): Marmachius, a spectacular new genus of Antarcturidae (Crustacea: Isopoda: Valvifera). Zootaxa 3559: 61-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.210340
AD5A87E0FFE7FFFD2AA8FA3CFDE43E69.taxon	description	Description. Total body length about 4.7 times as long as greatest width, almost cylindrical. Head with excavate frontal margin; with pair of submedian long spines curving forwards, 1 short and 1 very short sublateral spines on each side; maxillipedal segment with pair of short straight submedian spines, 2 lateral tubercles each side. Pereonite 1 with pair of submedian long spines curving forwards, 1 median short straight spine, second pair of submedian very short spines, pair of sublateral long spines anteriorly directed and curved, 2 short lateral (supracoxal) spines arranged obliquely on each side, second longer; coxa fused, laterally notched, with 2 tubercles. Pereonite 2 with pair of proximate submedian short straight spines, pairs of submedian and sublateral long spines curving forward, 1 median short straight spine, followed by pair of submedian very short spines, 2 lateral (supracoxal) short spines set obliquely on each side (second shorter and more dorsal) and with tubercle between, 3 tubercles in oblique row in front of supracoxal spine on each side; coxa with circlet of 4 very short spines laterally; ventral coxal plate with 1 tubercle in midline. Pereonites 3 and 4 with essentially same spine pattern as pereonite 2 except on ventral coxal plates: ventral coxal plate 3 with 2 tubercles on midline, plate 4 with 1 median tubercle and 2 near basis articulation. Pereonite 5 with pair of submedian long spines curving backwards, pair of submedian short spines, 1 lateral (supracoxal) long spine curving backwards and shorter lateral spine anteriorly on each side, 1 median short spine; coxa with 1 long spine laterally directed and posterior tubercle, circlet of 3 tubercles; ventral coxal plate with pair of submedian tubercles. Pereonites 6 as pereonite 5 but without median spine. Pereonite 7 as pereonite 6 but without second pair of shorter submedian spines. Pleonite 1 plus pleotelson 0.2 total body length. Pleonite 1 free; with 1 short lateral spine on each side. Pleonites 2 – 6 fused to telson, only vague lateral indications of pleonites 2 and 3. Pleonite 2 with pairs of submedian tubercles, sublateral short spines, lateral short spines; pleonite 3 with pairs of long submedian and very long lateral spines. Remaining pleotelson swollen dorsally and laterally and overlapping margin posterolaterally and posteriorly; with 3 pairs of submedian spines, second long; 4 pairs of sublateral spines, first 2 long, third short, and terminal one as long as pleotelson and posteriorly directed; 5 lateral spines, first very long, remaining shorter; and 3 median short spines in row, last pointing posteriorly and longest. Antenna 1 reaching to middle of article 3 of antenna 2; article 1 with 1 spine on upper margin. Antenna 2 0.9 times as long as body, ratio of lengths of peduncle articles 3 – 5, flagellum, 1: 1.5: 2.0: 1.3; article 2 with 1 tubercle on upper margin, 2 distal spines; article 3 with 2 spines on upper margin, second much longer, 2 distal spines; article 4 with 2 distal spines; article 5 with 1 distal spine; flagellum of 9 articles; peduncle article 3 with rows of long setae along lower margin, articles 4 and 5 surrounded by scattered long setae. Pereopod 1 basis with 1 lateral tubercle, distal margin with row of long setae; ischium – carpus with many long setae on flexor margin; propodus mesial face richly setose close to extensor and flexor margins, slightly concave between; dactylus oval in cross-section, setose especially distally, unguis reaching distal margin of carpus. Pereopod 2, ratio of lengths of basis: carpus: propodus: dactylus 1: 2.0: 2.5: 1.4; basis with 1 lateral spine plus tubercles; ischium, merus and carpus each with 1 distal spine; merus – propodus with long setae along flexor margin, carpus and propodus surrounded by less dense long setae; propodus curved; dactylus 13 times as long as wide. Pereopods 3 and 4 essentially similar to pereopod 2. Pereopod 5, ratio of lengths of basis: ischium: propodus: dactylus 1: 0.6: 0.5: 0.5; basis with 2 proximal spines, longer than 3 straight spines in row along lateral margin; merus with 1 distal spine; carpus with row of c. 6 short robust setae and stout setae distally on flexor margin; propodus with row of c. 10 sharp robust setae, smaller distally, along flexor margin; dactylus stout, curved. Pereopods 6 and 7 basis similar to pereopod 5 but with 2 proximal spines, longer than 2 straight spines in row along lateral margin; merus with 1 distal spine. Penial plate elongate, tapering proximally and distally. Pleopod 1 peduncle with 27 tubercles laterally, c. 20 retinaculae mesially; exopod as long as endopod, 3.8 times as long as wide, with proximomesial lobe, waisted at midpoint; posterior face of exopod with prominent ridge extending over middle third, overlapping mesial edge of groove; lateral edge of groove sharp, mesial edge illdefined; groove ending near tapering distolateral extension terminating in swollen tip with cluster of numerous fine setae. Pleopod 2 endopod with appendix masculina 1.2 times as long as endopod, with acute apex. Uropod peduncle with few tubercles; exopod broader than linear endopod, of equal lengths.	en	Poore, Gary C. B. (2012): Marmachius, a spectacular new genus of Antarcturidae (Crustacea: Isopoda: Valvifera). Zootaxa 3559: 61-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.210340
AD5A87E0FFE7FFFD2AA8FA3CFDE43E69.taxon	etymology	Etymology. For Fortuna, the Roman God of Luck, on account of the isopod’s bad luck in finding itself in the path of the trawl and our good luck in finding it in the trash on the trawl deck.	en	Poore, Gary C. B. (2012): Marmachius, a spectacular new genus of Antarcturidae (Crustacea: Isopoda: Valvifera). Zootaxa 3559: 61-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.210340
AD5A87E0FFE7FFFD2AA8FA3CFDE43E69.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The species was illustrated in a line drawing by Poore (2001). Marmachius fortunae differs from the other species of the genus, M. princeps (Kussakin & Vasina, 1998) collected in the Emerald Basin, between New Zealand and the Macquarie Island ridge, at a depth of 4300 m. While both species are decorated with pairs of long dorsal spines these are more prominent in the new species and curving forward rather than posteriorly as in M. princeps. Each pereonite of M. princeps has two pairs of long spines and others are relatively much shorter; in M. fortunae the more lateral spines are not as relatively diminished. Kussakin & Vasina (1998) did not specifically mention medial spines but their figure shows what could be a short medial spine on at least pereonites 3 – 5. They specifically stated that the posterior medial spine is very short but it is not in their figure; this spine may be longer in the new species. The pleotelson is more spinose in the new species, pereopods 2 – 4 appear more elongate while pereopods 5 – 7 are more compact.	en	Poore, Gary C. B. (2012): Marmachius, a spectacular new genus of Antarcturidae (Crustacea: Isopoda: Valvifera). Zootaxa 3559: 61-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.210340
