taxonID	type	description	language	source
AD608789FFDCE67CCFDFF8BE3777FB55.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Buprestis nitida Rossi, 1794 (currently Anthaxia (A.) fulgurans (Schrank, 1789 )); subsequent designation by Westwood, 1838: 24.	en	Bílý, Svatopluk (2019): Subgeneric classification of the genus Anthaxia Eschscholtz, 1829 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Anthaxiini). Zootaxa 4568 (2): 261-278, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4568.2.3
AD608789FFDCE67CCFDFF8BE3777FB55.taxon	description	BIONOMY. Development both in broad-leaved trees or shrubs and Conifers, very rarely also in herbs (e. g. Anthaxia (A.) anatolica or A. (A.) funerula species-groups).	en	Bílý, Svatopluk (2019): Subgeneric classification of the genus Anthaxia Eschscholtz, 1829 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Anthaxiini). Zootaxa 4568 (2): 261-278, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4568.2.3
AD608789FFDCE67CCFDFF8BE3777FB55.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: the whole Palaearctic region with a few species in the Oriental region. Many species or species-groups currently treated in this subgenus have to be transferred to the subgenus Haplanthaxia. SPECIES INCLUDED: amasina species-group, anatolica species-group, candens species-group, dimidiata species-group, fulgurans species-group, funerula species-group, glabrifrons species-group, hypomelaena speciesgroup, midas species-group, nitidula species-group, passerini species-group, plicata species-group, salicis speciesgroup, sedilloti species-group, senicula species-group, spinosa species-group; besides above mentioned speciesgroups also many other species which are not currently attributed to any species-group will be included.	en	Bílý, Svatopluk (2019): Subgeneric classification of the genus Anthaxia Eschscholtz, 1829 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Anthaxiini). Zootaxa 4568 (2): 261-278, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4568.2.3
AD608789FFDBE67DCFDFFADB30B8FE6C.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Buprestis cyanicornis Fabricius, 1781 (currently Anthaxia (Cratomerus) hungarica (Scopoli, 1772 )); subsequent designation by Duponchel, (1844): 328. Large (5.5 – 16.0 mm) species with typical colouration: green with silky lustre, pronotum usually with two black, longitudinal, well-defined stripes (Fig. 6), elytra of female sometimes green-violet or violet and pronotum often with orange lateral sides (Figs. 7); vertex very narrow (0.3 – 0.6 times as wide as width of eye), frons flat or weakly depressed; pronotum weakly convex, laterally flattened, sculpture consisting of rather rough, polygonal cells with central grains (Fig. 44), cells often transversely enlarged on disc; male antennomeres widened and terminal antennomeres often bicolorous (Fig. 6); elytra flattened, wedge-shaped, with well-developed lateral groove; elytral sculpture dense and homogenous; lateral emargination and subhumeral lobe strongly-developed (Fig. 30), elytral epipleura wide but not reaching elytral apex; lateral sides of ventrites well-visible from above (Figs. 6, 7); male metafemora more or less swollen, rarely simple, male meso- and metatibiae curved often with inner serrations or teeth, sometimes with long, white pubescence (Fig. 6); aedeagus slender, spindle-shaped, parameres without lateral spines, median lobe without lateral serrations (Fig. 60); anal ventrite of female almost always with deeply notched posterior margin. BIONOMY. Development in broad-leaved trees and shrubs.	en	Bílý, Svatopluk (2019): Subgeneric classification of the genus Anthaxia Eschscholtz, 1829 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Anthaxiini). Zootaxa 4568 (2): 261-278, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4568.2.3
AD608789FFDBE67DCFDFFADB30B8FE6C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: western Palaearctic, with one species in northern China, one in Pakistan and two in Ethiopia. I presume this subgenus to be a typical example of the western Palaearctic fauna, with two closely related species reaching the northernmost part of the Afrotropical region. Richter (1949) included in this subgenus (genus in his concept) some species of Haplanthaxia and Richteraxia subgen. nov. Actually the division between Cratomerus and Haplanthaxia is rather difficult to determine. There is no single constant character (except for the size and elytral sculpture) which can distinguish the subgenera — the whole set of characters must be taken in consideration. SPECIES INCLUDED. In reality the subgenus contains only the A. (C.) diadema species-group, A. (C.) hungarica species-group and A. (C.) sponsa species-group; other species-groups mentioned by Bellamy (2008) belong to the subgenera Haplanthaxia or Richteraxia subgen. nov.	en	Bílý, Svatopluk (2019): Subgeneric classification of the genus Anthaxia Eschscholtz, 1829 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Anthaxiini). Zootaxa 4568 (2): 261-278, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4568.2.3
AD608789FFDAE67ECFDFFE1F3065FEAF.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Buprestis cichorii Olivier, 1790 (currently Anthaxia (Haplanthaxia) cichorii (Olivier, 1790 )); subsequent designation by Richter, 1949: 66.	en	Bílý, Svatopluk (2019): Subgeneric classification of the genus Anthaxia Eschscholtz, 1829 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Anthaxiini). Zootaxa 4568 (2): 261-278, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4568.2.3
AD608789FFDAE67ECFDFFE1F3065FEAF.taxon	description	Some species of this subgenus have very often been placed in the subgenus Cratomerus, but it seems that the most related subgenus is Richteraxia subgen. nov. The division between both subgenera is rather unclear; the best diagnostic characters seems to be the form of the pronotum and its sculpture, as well as the shape and sculpture of elytra and the form of male metatibiae and antennae (see Richteraxia subgen. nov. below). BIONOMY. Development in Conifers, broad-leaved trees and shrubs, and also in herbs (some South African species are associated with Solanaceae).	en	Bílý, Svatopluk (2019): Subgeneric classification of the genus Anthaxia Eschscholtz, 1829 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Anthaxiini). Zootaxa 4568 (2): 261-278, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4568.2.3
AD608789FFDAE67ECFDFFE1F3065FEAF.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: entire distribution of the genus Anthaxia except for the northern parts of Asia and Europe. SPECIES INCLUDED. The following species-groups are included: aeneocuprea species-group, atomaria speciesgroup, cichorii species-group, collaris species-group, flammifrons species-group, kheiliana species-group, laticeps species-group, mashuna species-group, melancholica species-group, millefolii species-group, mundula speciesgroup, olympica species-group, phobos species-group, proteus species-group, rothkirchi species-group, schah species-group, sculptipennis species-group, thunbergi species-group, umbellatarum species-group, weyersi species-group, winkleri species-group, zanzibarica species-group. Besides the above mentioned species-groups, many other species which are not currently attributed to any species-group will be included. It also contains many species currently treated in the subgenus Anthaxia s. str. (Bílý, 1997, 1999; Bellamy, 2008). On the contrary some species attributed currently to Haplanthaxia will be transferred to the subgenus Richteraxia subgen. nov. or Capanthaxia subgen. nov. All species of the A. (H.) mashuna species-group (and a few, similar species from the southernmost part of Africa) possess only weakly developed subhumeral lobe (Fig. 33) so that they could be interpreted as belonging to Anthaxia s. str., but all other characters correspond to the subgenus Haplanthaxia, namely the shape of elytra (Fig. 8) and extraordinary form of the male genitalia (Figs. 69). The largest subgenus of the genus Anthaxia comprising about 70 % of all species. Many species-groups should be defined, and the subgenus should be revised group by group. Due to its world-wide distribution and an extreme similarity of some species it belongs among the taxonomically most difficult groups in Buprestidae. It is interesting that all species of Anthaxia distributed in Madagascar belongs only to this subgenus, but without any relationship to the fauna of the African continent.	en	Bílý, Svatopluk (2019): Subgeneric classification of the genus Anthaxia Eschscholtz, 1829 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Anthaxiini). Zootaxa 4568 (2): 261-278, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4568.2.3
AD608789FFD9E67ECFDFFE42328FFB51.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Anthaxia godeti Gory & Laporte, 1839. Black, dark bronze, only exceptionally blue, blue-violet or green species without pronotal or elytral pattern (Figs. 12, 13); pronotum more or less regularly convex, lateroposterior depressions often small or weak, pronotal sculpture usually rough consisting of coarse, polygonal cells (often longitudinally prolonged along lateral margins), with large central grains (Figs. 43); pronotum very often with four small, rounded depressions at midlength (Fig. 12); subhumeral lobe very weak, as well as the lateral elytral emargination (Figs. 35, 36); elytral epipleura wide, not reaching elytral apex; aedeagus spindle-shaped or elongate, parameres always without lateral spines, median lobe without lateral serrations (Figs. 57 – 59); anal ventrite of female apically rounded or truncate; male meso- and metatrochanters of some species with small or large spine; sexual dichromatism absent, exceptionally expressed only by slightly different colouration of frons or ventral surface. One of the best defined subgenera of Anthaxia, which is also well-characterised by its bionomy. BIONOMY. Development in Conifers; the majority of species are flower-visitors.	en	Bílý, Svatopluk (2019): Subgeneric classification of the genus Anthaxia Eschscholtz, 1829 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Anthaxiini). Zootaxa 4568 (2): 261-278, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4568.2.3
AD608789FFD9E67ECFDFFE42328FFB51.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Holoarctic region; the distribution more or less mirrors the distribution of the genus Carabus Linnaeus, 1759 (Carabidae). SPECIES INCLUDED. The following species-groups are included: aeneogaster species-group, californica species-group, carmen species-group, conradti species-group, helvetica species-group, istriana species-group, leechi species-group, morio species-group, nanula species-group, neofunerula species-group, obesa species-group, oregonensis species-group, prasina species-group, quadripunctata species-group, strigata species-group, sturanyi species-group. Also in this subgenus there are many species which have not been attributed to any species-group, so far.	en	Bílý, Svatopluk (2019): Subgeneric classification of the genus Anthaxia Eschscholtz, 1829 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Anthaxiini). Zootaxa 4568 (2): 261-278, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4568.2.3
AD608789FFD9E67FCFDFFAC73626FF3A.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Anthaxia insulaecola Obenberger, 1944; original designation. Relatively small group of medium-sized to large (4.5 – 10.0 mm), multicolorous species with typical elytral pattern (Fig. 17); ventral surface always metallic from violet to bright red-orange; frons flat or very deeply depressed; pronotal sculpture rather complicated: long, transverse rugae on posterior half often combined with small, fine, polygonal and concentric cells on anterior half, and longitudinal rugae along lateral margins (Fig. 50); elytral apices widely rounded; anal sternite of female apically deeply notched often with S-shaped lateral margins; antennae of male very long, always overlapping midlength of lateral, pronotal margins (Fig. 17), very often reaching posterior, pronotal angles when laid alongside; parameres often laterally enlarged or with lateral teeth or spines (Fig. 74), median lobe not serrate laterally. Dorsal surface usually asetose but in a few species elytra with rather long and dense pilosity (e. g. A. (M.) longipilis Bílý, 1998). BIONOMY. Almost nothing is known about the bionomy of this subgenus; adults are flower-visitors often collected on flowers of Castanopsis (Fagaceae). I reared A. (M.) barbieri Descarpentries, 1958 from branches of Mangifera indica L. (Anacardiaceae) in Thailand.	en	Bílý, Svatopluk (2019): Subgeneric classification of the genus Anthaxia Eschscholtz, 1829 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Anthaxiini). Zootaxa 4568 (2): 261-278, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4568.2.3
AD608789FFD9E67FCFDFFAC73626FF3A.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: south-east Asia from India (Aruchanal Pradesh) to the Philippines. SPECIES INCLUDED: Anthaxia (M.) barbieri Descarpentries, 1958, A. (M.) beesoniana Gebhardt, 1926, A. (M.) bellissima Bílý, 1990, A. (M.) castanopsivora Bílý, 1998, A. (M.) deyrollei Bílý, 1998, A. (M.) insulaecola Obenberger, 1944, A. (M.) jakli Bílý, 1996, A. (M.) karati Obořil & Bílý, 2003, A. (M.) longipilis Bílý, 1998, A. (M.) miranda Deyrolle, 1864, A. (M.) pyropyga Bílý, 1998, A. (M.) tamdaoensis Bílý, 1998, A. (M.) tricolor Kerremans, 1912, A. (M.) vietnamica Bílý, 1998, A. (M.) violaceiventris Deyrolle, 1864.	en	Bílý, Svatopluk (2019): Subgeneric classification of the genus Anthaxia Eschscholtz, 1829 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Anthaxiini). Zootaxa 4568 (2): 261-278, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4568.2.3
AD608789FFD8E67FCFDFFEFF3714FC2B.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Thailandia paradoxa Bílý, 1990; original designation. Medium-sized (4.5 – 7.5 mm), usually bicolorous species: golden green or blue-green with violet pronotal and elytral pattern (Fig. 18), rarely entirely golden green; frons convex or strongly convex, vertex very wide (2.5 – 3.5 times as wide as width of eye); eyes large, projecting beyond outline of head which is much wider than anterior pronotal margin (Fig. 18); pronotum more or less regularly convex with weak lateroposterior depressions, sculpture homogeneous consisting of oval or polygonal, sometimes transversely widened, cells without central grains (Fig. 51); antennae short usually reaching midlength of lateral, pronotal margins when laid alongside, or shorter; anal ventrite of female apically notched with fine, lateral serrations; aedeagus spindle-shaped or weakly spatulate, parameres often with small, lateral, preapical spine (Fig. 75); median lobe without lateral serrations. Very well defined subgenus due to the conspiciously wide head, convex frons, extremely wide vertex and typical coloration. Originally described as an independent genus (Bílý, 1 990), later downgraded to a subgenus (Bílý, 2005). BIONOMY. Completely unknown; adults are flower-visitors.	en	Bílý, Svatopluk (2019): Subgeneric classification of the genus Anthaxia Eschscholtz, 1829 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Anthaxiini). Zootaxa 4568 (2): 261-278, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4568.2.3
AD608789FFD8E67FCFDFFEFF3714FC2B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: India, Laos, Thailand. SPECIES INCLUDED: Anthaxia (T.) capitata Kerremans, 1892, A. (T.) paradoxa Bílý, 1990, A. (T.) phylanthi Obenberger, 1956, A. (T.) rondoni Baudon, 1962, A. (T.) siamensis Bílý, 2005, A. (T.) svobodai Bílý, 2005,.	en	Bílý, Svatopluk (2019): Subgeneric classification of the genus Anthaxia Eschscholtz, 1829 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Anthaxiini). Zootaxa 4568 (2): 261-278, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4568.2.3
AD608789FFD8E670CFDFFBC13316FD47.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Anthaxia capensis Kerremans, 1903; present designation. DEFINITION OF THE SUBGENUS. Small to medium-sized (3.5 – 9.0), convex or flattened, subparallel, often elongate species (Figs. 19 – 24); frons weakly convex or flat, vertex 0.8 – 2.0 times as wide as width of eye; antennae short or very short, not overlapping pronotal midlength when laid alongside, antennomeres of male not widened; sculpture of head consisting of very small, dense, oval cells without distinct central grains. Pronotum moderately convex or flattened with medial, longitudinal depression or groove (Figs. 19 – 24); posterior angles rectangular or weakly obtuse-angled, maximum width at anterior third; sculpture consisting of transverse or weakly undulate rugae on disc and irregular, polygonal cells with tiny central grains along lateral margins (Figs. 52 – 54); lateroposterior depressions shallow but wide, sometimes prolonged anteriorly, reaching anterior pronotal third; prescutellar pit absent. Scutellum very small, triangular or cordiform, only slightly longer than wide. Elytra moderately convex or flattened, very often uneven (Fig. 22) or with traces of longitudinal rows of punctures (Figs. 19 – 21), apically widely rounded and somewhat shortened so that the pygidium is often visible from above (Figs. 19 – 24); humeral callosities small, not projecting beyond elytral outline; lateral, longitudinal groove well-developed, its preapical part deep, very often with large, strong punctures (Figs. 19 – 21); subhumeral lobe large, lateral emargination deep (Fig. 39); elytral epipleura usually enlarged posteriorly almost reaching elytral apex; sculpture consisting of fine punctures (sometimes forming longitudinal rows on apical half of elytra — Figs. 19 – 20), or fine, transverse rugae (Figs. 23, 24). Legs moderately long, male tibiae simple, not modified, only with fine, inner serrations; tarsal claws simple, not widened at base; anal ventrite of both sexes regularly rounded, without lateral serrations. Aedeagus (Fig. 76) rather short, spindle-shaped, parameres without lateral spines, often widened at basal two thirds, median lobe without lateral serrations. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS. The subgenus is characterised first of all by the pronotal sculpture with the longitudinal, medial depression, transverse or somewhat undulate rugae which cover the entire pronotal disc (Figs. 52 – 54); only lateral parts of pronotum along the lateral margins (sometimes only the posterior angles) with rough polygonal, often prolonged cells. Another, very typical character is the shape of the elytral apex which is usually widely rounded, not completely covering the pygidium, with the deep lateral groove (Figs. 19 – 24). Also the elytral sculpture is rather different from that of other subgenera: longitudinal rows of punctures (Fig. 19, 20), transverse rugae (Figs. 23, 24) or the irregular sculpture on deeply uneven elytra (Fig. 22). Some characters (e. g. medial, pronotal depression) can be found also in the subgenus Anthaxia s. str. (A. (A.) candens species-group) but these species differ from the species of Capanthaxia subgen. nov. by the set of other characters (see above and the key) and by the distribution. BIONOMY. Unknown; at least some species are flower-visitors.	en	Bílý, Svatopluk (2019): Subgeneric classification of the genus Anthaxia Eschscholtz, 1829 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Anthaxiini). Zootaxa 4568 (2): 261-278, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4568.2.3
AD608789FFD8E670CFDFFBC13316FD47.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY. The name of this subgenus reflects its distribution in the southernmost provinces of South Africa	en	Bílý, Svatopluk (2019): Subgeneric classification of the genus Anthaxia Eschscholtz, 1829 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Anthaxiini). Zootaxa 4568 (2): 261-278, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4568.2.3
AD608789FFD8E670CFDFFBC13316FD47.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. South Africa (Cape Provinces, Namaqualand, Natal). SPECIES INCLUDED: Anthaxia (C.) aterrima Kerremans, 1903 species-group, A. (C.) capensis Kerremans, 1903 species-group and. A. (C.) sulcicollis Obenberger, 1928 species-group.	en	Bílý, Svatopluk (2019): Subgeneric classification of the genus Anthaxia Eschscholtz, 1829 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Anthaxiini). Zootaxa 4568 (2): 261-278, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4568.2.3
AD608789FFD8E670CFDFFBC13316FD47.taxon	description	NOTE. I suspect that this subgenus is probably polyphyletic comprising unrelated taxa, but the uniqueness of some South African species calls for a separate subgenus, which is evidently formed by three different, unrelated species-groups.	en	Bílý, Svatopluk (2019): Subgeneric classification of the genus Anthaxia Eschscholtz, 1829 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Anthaxiini). Zootaxa 4568 (2): 261-278, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4568.2.3
AD608789FFD7E670CFDFFD2A3285F954.taxon	description	Head relatively small, narrower than anterior pronotal margin; frons flat, vertex 0.6 – 0.8 times as wide as width of eye; antennae of both sexes fusiform, very short reaching anterior third of lateral pronotal margins when laid alongside; eyes large but not projecting beyond outline of head; sculpture consisting of small, oval cells with tiny central grains. Pronotum wide, lateral margins widely rounded at anterior two thirds, almost straight at posterior third, posterior angles rectangular; disc of pronotum with wide, rather deep, longitudinal depression in posterior two thirds, lateroposterior depressions wide, deep, prolonged anteriorly to pronotal midlength (Figs. 22, 53); sculpture rather complicated, consisting of fine, transverse rugae on posterior half of disc, fine, longitudinally prolonged cells without central grains along lateral margins and simple, fine punctures on anterior third of disc (Fig. 53). Scutellum small, cordiform, about 1.5 times as long as wide. Elytra slightly shortened (pygidium visible from above), wedge-shaped, strongly uneven with wide, almost rounded depression at anterior third, wide, transverse depression at posterio third and deep, longitudinal depressions along middle part of lateral margins (Fig. 22); basal, transverse depression wide, deep, reaching scutellum; each elytron widely, separately rounded apically, humeral callosities well-developed but not projecting beyond elytral outline. Legs relatively short, male metatibiae straight with very fine inner serrations, anal ventrite of both sexes simply rounded. Aedeagus prolonged, parameres moderately widened at basal half, median lobe without lateral serrations (figs. 21 – 24 in Obořil & Baňař, 2015).	en	Bílý, Svatopluk (2019): Subgeneric classification of the genus Anthaxia Eschscholtz, 1829 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Anthaxiini). Zootaxa 4568 (2): 261-278, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4568.2.3
AD608789FFD7E670CFDFFD2A3285F954.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: South Africa (Cape Provinces). SPECIES INCLUDED: Anthaxia (Capanthaxia) aterrima Kerremans, 1903, A. (C.) kamieserrima Obořil & Baňař, 2015.	en	Bílý, Svatopluk (2019): Subgeneric classification of the genus Anthaxia Eschscholtz, 1829 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Anthaxiini). Zootaxa 4568 (2): 261-278, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4568.2.3
AD608789FFD7E674CFDFF8D2373CFEF3.taxon	description	Head relatively large, as wide as anterior pronotal margin, eyes large but not projecting beyond outline of head; antennae short reaching anterior third of lateral pronotal margins when laid alongside; sculpture consisting of very small, polygonal cells with tiny central grains. Pronotum almost regularly convex, with fine, longitudinal, medial groove at least on posterior half (Figs. 19 – 21, 52), lateral margins regularly rounded at anterior two thirds, posterior angles rectangular; lateroposterior depressions wide, very shallow sometimes almost missing; sculpture consisting of fine, transversely widened cells and transverse, somewhat undulate rugae on disc, and polygonal cells with central grains along lateral margins (Fig. 52), exceptionally entire pronotum with fine, polygonal ocellation which is almost missing on disc (Fig. 21). Scutellum small, subcordiform, only slightly longer than wide. Elytra short, robust, widely, separately rounded apically, not completely covering the pygidium (Figs. 19 – 21); lateral groove deep, in posterior half with large, strong punctures; humeral callosities small; basal transverse depression shallow, not reaching scutellum; sculpture consisting of rather fine, irregular punctures and strong punctures forming poorly defined, longitudinal rows (Figs. 19 – 21); elytral epipleura wide, almost reaching elytral apex. Anal ventrite of both sexes simply rounded, legs short, male metatibiae only with very fine, almost invisible, inner serrations. Aedeagus (Fig. 76) shortly spindle-shaped, parameres weakly narrowed at apical half, median lobe without lateral serrations.	en	Bílý, Svatopluk (2019): Subgeneric classification of the genus Anthaxia Eschscholtz, 1829 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Anthaxiini). Zootaxa 4568 (2): 261-278, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4568.2.3
AD608789FFD7E674CFDFF8D2373CFEF3.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: South Africa (Cape Provinces). SPECIES INCLUDED: Anthaxia (Capanthaxia) bellamyi Bílý 2002, A. (C.) capensis Kerremans, 1903, A. (C.) hilaris Gory, 1841.	en	Bílý, Svatopluk (2019): Subgeneric classification of the genus Anthaxia Eschscholtz, 1829 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Anthaxiini). Zootaxa 4568 (2): 261-278, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4568.2.3
AD608789FFD7E674CFDFF8D2373CFEF3.taxon	description	NOTE. All three species were attributed by Bellamy (2008) and Bílý (2002) to the subgenus Haplanthaxia.	en	Bílý, Svatopluk (2019): Subgeneric classification of the genus Anthaxia Eschscholtz, 1829 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Anthaxiini). Zootaxa 4568 (2): 261-278, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4568.2.3
AD608789FFD2E675CFDFFF4E36E7FC04.taxon	description	Head small, as wide as anterior pronotal margin, frons flat or weakly convex, vertex twice as wide as width of eye; antennae short (male) or very short (female) reaching midlength or anterior third of lateral pronotal margins when laid alongside; sculpture of frons consisting of very small, dense oval cells without central grains. Pronotum transverse, about 1.8 times as wide as long, weakly convex, with rather deep, medial groove reaching both anterior and posterior margins (Figs. 23, 24, 54); lateral margins weakly rounded, rather strongly widened anteriorly, maximum width at anterior fourth; lateroposterior depressions wide, deep, reaching anteriorly pronotal midlength; sculpture consisting of fine, transverse rugae or transversely arranged, polygonal cells on disc and small, rounded cells without central grains along lateral margins (Fig. 54). Scutellum very small, triangular, as long as wide. Elytra subcylindrical, regularly convex, only weakly tapering posteriorly, about 3 times as long as wide, not completely covering pygidium (Figs. 23, 24); apices widely, separately rounded, without lateral serrations; humeral callosities small, basal, transverse depression very shallow, not reaching scutellum; sculpture consisting of fine, transverse rugae (Figs. 23, 24). Legs relatively short, male metatibiae straight, without inner serrations; tarsomeres 3 and 4 widened with large, adhesive pads (Figs. 23, 24); anal ventrite of both sexes simply rounded apically. Aedeagus very short, regularly spindle-shaped, median lobe without lateral serrations.	en	Bílý, Svatopluk (2019): Subgeneric classification of the genus Anthaxia Eschscholtz, 1829 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Anthaxiini). Zootaxa 4568 (2): 261-278, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4568.2.3
AD608789FFD2E675CFDFFF4E36E7FC04.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: South Africa (Cape Provinces, Namaqualand, Natal). SPECIES INCLUDED: Anthaxia (Capanthaxia) sexualis Obenberger, 1928, A. (C.) sulcicollis Obenberger, 1928 (both species were placed in the subgenus Anthaxia s. str. by Bellamy (2008) and Bílý (1997).	en	Bílý, Svatopluk (2019): Subgeneric classification of the genus Anthaxia Eschscholtz, 1829 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Anthaxiini). Zootaxa 4568 (2): 261-278, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4568.2.3
AD608789FFD2E676CFDFFBE831B6FB4F.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Buprestis angustipennis Klug, 1829; present designation. DEFINITION OF THE SUBGENUS. Medium-sized to large (5.0 – 13.0 mm), slender, usually strongly acuminate species; dorsal surface bronze, dark bronze, red-bronze, golden green or bicolorous (Figs. 14 – 16). Head rather small, frons usually weakly convex, rarely flat, vertex narrow (0.5 – 1.5 times as wide as width of eye); antennae of male often enlarged (Figs. 15 – 16). Pronotum usually strongly convex, lateroposterior depressions very weak or absent, only rarely wide and shallow, anterior third of lateral margins strongly rounded; pronotum looks somewhat “ inflated ” at anterior half (Figs. 14 – 16, 48, 49); posterior angles rectangular or sharp-angled, more or less prolonged, sometimes inserted in small notch in the humeral callosity (Fig. 25); pronotal sculpture usually homogeneous consisting of fine, rounded (Fig. 48), polygonal or weakly widened cells rarely also with fine transverse rugae at middle or fine longitudinal rugae along lateral margins, exceptionally entire pronotal disc with very fine, simple puncturation (Fig. 49). Elytra, narrow, rather flattened, strongly narrowing from humeri to apex, lateral portions of all abdominal ventrites clearly visible from above (Figs. 14 – 16); elytral epipleura usually wide, not reaching elytral apex; elytral apices with fine or rather strong lateral serrations. Male metatibiae straight or weakly curved, often flattened with fine, inner serrations; anal ventrite of female notched apically; aedeagus slender, spindle-shaped or narrowed at posterior half, parameres without lateral spines (Figs. 61 – 63), median lobe without lateral serrations. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS. The subgenus Richteraxia subgen. nov. is similar and most probably also closely related to the subgenus Haplanthaxia from which it differs by the more acuminate body, posteriorly strongly narrowed elytra, sometimes conspicuously widened antennae of male, rather simple, spindle-shaped aedeagus (sometimes narrowed at posterior half) but first of all by the shape and sculpture of pronotum. The anterior half of pronotum is usually conspicuously convex with widely rounded anterior angles (Figs. 48, 49) and the posterior angles are sharply rectangular or sharp-angled, often prolonged posteriorly, forming something like a “ lock ", together with the small notch in the anterior margin of the humeral callosity (Fig. 25). The pronotal sculpture is usually more simple than that of the subgenus Haplanthaxia consisting of the simple, regular ocellation, sometimes with the fine, transverse rugae on the disc, exceptionally the pronotal disc is covered by the simple, fine puncturation (Fig. 49). Males of many afrotropical species of this subgenus possess flattened metatibiae, the character which does not occur in Haplanthaxia.	en	Bílý, Svatopluk (2019): Subgeneric classification of the genus Anthaxia Eschscholtz, 1829 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Anthaxiini). Zootaxa 4568 (2): 261-278, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4568.2.3
AD608789FFD2E676CFDFFBE831B6FB4F.taxon	description	BIONOMY. Unknown, but many species from the Middle East and Eastern Africa are associated with the genus Acacia (Fabaceae).	en	Bílý, Svatopluk (2019): Subgeneric classification of the genus Anthaxia Eschscholtz, 1829 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Anthaxiini). Zootaxa 4568 (2): 261-278, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4568.2.3
AD608789FFD2E676CFDFFBE831B6FB4F.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: India, the Middle East, Sahel, south Europe, Eastern and South Africa, a few species in SE Asia.	en	Bílý, Svatopluk (2019): Subgeneric classification of the genus Anthaxia Eschscholtz, 1829 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Anthaxiini). Zootaxa 4568 (2): 261-278, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4568.2.3
AD608789FFD2E676CFDFFBE831B6FB4F.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY. The subgenus Richteraxia subgen. nov. is named after the Russian entomologist A. A. Richter (1911 – 1950) who devoted his short life to the family Buprestidae and who first recognised this subgenus. Many species which were included by Richter (1949) in the subgenus Cryptocratomerus are now attributed to the subgenus Richteraxia subgen. nov. Unfortunately Richter (1949) designated Anthaxia kiesenwetteri Marseul, 1865 (belonging to the subgen. Haplanthaxia) as the type species of Cryptocratomerus so that a new type species, and the new name Richteraxia subgen. nov. had to be made for the subgenus containing the majority of species included by Richter in his subgenus Cryptocratomerus. SPECIES INCLUDED. Many species previously included in the subgenus Haplanthaxia or Cratomerus: Anthaxia (R.) abdita Bílý, 1982, A. (R.) amplithorax Kerremans, 1903, A. (R.) andreini Kerremans, 1907, A. (R.) angustipennis (Klug, 1829), A. (R.) caudipennis Bílý, 1983, A. (R.) colonialis Obenberger, 1917, A. (R.) congolana Kerremans, 1909, A. (R.) crassa Obenberger, 1922, A. (R.) cratomerina Obenberger, 1922, A. (R.) cuneiptera Bílý, 1999, A. (R.) delagoana Obenberger, 1917, A. (R.) dilatipes Obenberger, 1928, A. (R.) fossicollis Kerremans, 1899, A. (R.) holynskyi Bílý, 1990, A. (R.) hornburgi Bílý, 2007, A. (R.) hypsibata Obenberger, 1924, A. (R.) imperatrix Obenberger, 1928, A. (R.) iveta Svoboda, 2003, A. (R.) liuchangloi Obenberger, 1958, A. (R.) maracaensis Théry, 1930, A. (R.) marginifera Abeille, 1907, A. (R.) moira Obenberger, 1931, A. (R.) moises Obenberger, 1921, A. (R.) nyassica Obst, 1903, A. (R.) prepsli Bílý, 1995, A. (R.) protractula Obenberger, 1931, A. (R.) reticollis Quedenfeldt, 1886, A. (R.) robusticornis Bílý, 1990, A. (R.) roxana Bílý, 1983, A. (R.) rudebecki Descarpentries, 1970, A. (R.) semiramis Obenberger, 1913, A. (R.) sudana Obenberger, 1928, A. (R.) vientianei Baudon, 1960. After taxonomic revisions of certain African species-groups, probably many species will be synonymised; on the contrary new species could be expected in the Middle East and East Africa.	en	Bílý, Svatopluk (2019): Subgeneric classification of the genus Anthaxia Eschscholtz, 1829 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Anthaxiini). Zootaxa 4568 (2): 261-278, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4568.2.3
