taxonID	type	description	language	source
AD0E87CBBB41FF97FCA7FD1F2EF8FBA2.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Gymnetis concolor Gory and Percheron 1833: 76, here designated. Burmeister (1842) stated he knew only this species based upon actual specimens, while the second species in his new genus, Gymnetis menetriesii Mannerheim, he knew only from the description. Accordingly, the former is designated as the type species. Gymnetis concolor is a junior synonym of Cetonia scabriuscula Swederus. Burmeister (1842: 806) belatedly recognized that C. scabriuscula Swederus belonged in Allorrhina.	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C. (2015): A Revision of the Neotropical Genus Allorrhina Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 69 (1): 91-113, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-69.1.91, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-69.1.91
AD0E87CBBB41FF97FCA7FD1F2EF8FBA2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Form elongate, subparallel, slender to robust, slightly dorso-ventrally flattened. Length 11 – 29 mm. Color dorsally shiny dark green, reddish brown or piceous, or opaque light to dark reddish brown, plum, dark greenish gray, dark greenish black, or blackish gray, occasionally with weak metallic reflections. Venter most commonly shiny reddish brown or dark green, occasionally black. Cretaceous marks present or not on pronotum, lateral margins of elytra, pygidium, femora, and thoracic and abdominal sternites. Head: Shape subrectangular, frons of males longitudinally tumescent or with short, dorso-ventrally flattened horn projecting forward over clypeus, horn free at apex or not; clypeus with or without short, subrectangular or subtriangular horn at apex. Females with low, longitudinal tumescence on frons, apex occasionally barely free; clypeus with low, rounded or subrectangular, reflexed prominence at center or simply broadly rounded. Antenna with 10 antennomeres, club subequal to or distinctly longer than antennomeres 2 – 7. Pronotum: Shape subtrapezoidal, widest near base, gradually convergent to anterior angles, basomedian lobe strongly produced posteriorly, lobe covering all but tip of scutellum. Sides with slender, short or complete, marginal bead. Lateral margin usually strongly emarginate between middle and basal angle. Elytra: Widest at base, posthumeral emargination distinct. Complete or partial bead present on lateral margins. Apices usually slightly produced at suture. Pygidium: Surface with transverse, vermiform punctures or strigulae, setigerous; setae minute to short, most tawny, some black. Venter: Mesometasternal process, in lateral view, moderately protuberant, subparallel to ventral axis of body, apex broadly rounded (Figs. 5, 10, 32). Abdominal ventrites 1 – 5 impunctate to sparsely punctate on central third, lateral thirds with moderately dense to dense, moderately large punctures. Legs: Protibia slender, unidentate, bidentate or weakly tridentate in males, tridentate in females. Parameres: Form (e. g., Figs. 3, 28), in caudal view, subrectangular, apices usually broadly rounded with subapical tooth on lateral edge or acuminate and curving mesad.	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C. (2015): A Revision of the Neotropical Genus Allorrhina Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 69 (1): 91-113, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-69.1.91, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-69.1.91
AD0E87CBBB41FF97FCA7FD1F2EF8FBA2.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Species of Allorrhina are known from Venezuela and the Guianas in northern South America south to Argentina.	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C. (2015): A Revision of the Neotropical Genus Allorrhina Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 69 (1): 91-113, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-69.1.91, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-69.1.91
AD0E87CBBB41FF97FCA7FD1F2EF8FBA2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. As is the case with many other New World gymnetines, there seem to be few morphological characters, other than unreliable color and pattern, to circumscribe taxa, especially considering the similarity of the form of the parameres within genera. At least with Allorrhina and Cotinis, the armature of the head provides additional characters, although these should be used cautiously since this armature is subject to allometric growth exemplified by minors and majors. The characters of most taxonomic value for Allorrhina species are: dorsal color; absence or presence of cretaceous marks on the pronotum, elytral margins, pygidium, and ventrites; length; form and / or armature of the frons and clypeus; sculpturing of the pronotum and pygidium; and form of the parameres. The mesometasternal process is similar in all the species and is slightly elongate, parallel to the ventral axis of the body in lateral view, and with subparallel sides and a broadly rounded apex in ventral view (e. g., Fig. 5). One species is noticeably pubescent on the process (Fig. 10), while in the remaining species the process is glabrous or nearly so (e. g., Fig. 32).	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C. (2015): A Revision of the Neotropical Genus Allorrhina Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 69 (1): 91-113, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-69.1.91, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-69.1.91
AD0E87CBBB41FF97FCA7FD1F2EF8FBA2.taxon	discussion	Allorrhina is closely allied to Cotinis in character states. Goodrich (1966) revised Cotinis and suggested Allorrhina and Cotinis were easily separated by the uniformity of the developed head armature (clypeal and occipital horns or projections) in both sexes of Cotinis species but not in Allorrhina species. Goodrich thought that males of Allorrhina all had well-developed clypeal horns and occipital horns with a free apex. My observations demonstrate this is not true for all Allorrhina species. Moreover, some Allorrhina species have similar, albeit reduced, clypeal projections in both sexes, and some Cotinis species have little or no armature on the head but merely prominences. Allorrhina species occur only in South America, while Cotinis species occur from the central USA southwards to northern South America. Bates (1872) described Allorhina (sic) anomala, but this species is in the genus Argyripa Thomson (Ratcliffe 1978). Westwood (1874) described Allorhina (sic) hypoglauca from Nicaragua, and Janson (1877) placed it in junior synonymy with Allorhina (sic) lansbergei Sallé. This species is in the genus Argyripa (Ratcliffe 1978). Janson (1888) described Allorhina (sic) insignis from Panama, but this species is in the genus Chiriquibia Bates (Ratcliffe 2014). The genus Allorrhina now contains nine species, including the new species described herein from Argentina. Natural History. Species of Allorrhina are diurnal. Unlike some species of Amithao Thomson, I have seen no records of any Allorrhina species being occasionally attracted to lights at night. The adults are found from near sea level to 1,800 m and are usually attracted to ripe fruits placed in traps. There are rare observations of species being found on a particular tree or flower, but their life history remains unknown. None of the larvae have been described. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF ADULT ALLORRHINA BURMEISTER, 1842	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C. (2015): A Revision of the Neotropical Genus Allorrhina Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 69 (1): 91-113, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-69.1.91, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-69.1.91
AD0E87CBBB47FF95FD6BFF4B2E1AFC11.taxon	description	(Figs. 1 – 5)	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C. (2015): A Revision of the Neotropical Genus Allorrhina Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 69 (1): 91-113, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-69.1.91, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-69.1.91
AD0E87CBBB47FF95FD6BFF4B2E1AFC11.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype male at DEIC, labeled “ 816 // Amazonen Str // Typus // coll. Kraatz // Allorrhina carmelita Burm. / det Moser // Coll. C ”, examined. Type locality: “ Brasilien. ”	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C. (2015): A Revision of the Neotropical Genus Allorrhina Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 69 (1): 91-113, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-69.1.91, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-69.1.91
AD0E87CBBB47FF95FD6BFF4B2E1AFC11.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype male at MNHN, labeled “ Th. Type // amazonica Thoms. / Type / Amaz. // ex Musaeo James Thomson // Type (red) ”, examined. Type locality: “ Ega, Amazone supér. ”. NEW SYNONYMY. Cotinis brasiliensis Kraatz 1898: 222 (synonym).	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C. (2015): A Revision of the Neotropical Genus Allorrhina Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 69 (1): 91-113, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-69.1.91, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-69.1.91
AD0E87CBBB47FF95FD6BFF4B2E1AFC11.taxon	discussion	Type not at DEIC. In the collection drawer with the label of Cotinis “ brasiliensis Kr. ” (marked with small, red label = type material), there is no specimen. An adjoining label indicates that “ Brachydactyla discoidea Guer., Criocems (sic) cruciata Gn., Timacha insignis Gn., Coptocephala cyanocephala Lac. wunden von Le Moult als Ersatz für diese Type gegeben. Februar 1939. ” Translation: “ these species ... were given as a replacement for this type by Le Moult, February 1939 ” suggesting that Le Moult compensated for the loss of the type specimen (by him?) with these replacements (S. Blank, personal communication to BCR, 1 October 2014). Type locality: “ Amazonen-Strom. ”	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C. (2015): A Revision of the Neotropical Genus Allorrhina Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 69 (1): 91-113, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-69.1.91, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-69.1.91
AD0E87CBBB47FF95FD6BFF4B2E1AFC11.taxon	description	Description. Length 19.5 – 28.0 mm; width across humeri 11.4 – 17.5 mm. Clypeus, elytral suture, legs, and venter reddish brown to piceous, shiny. Frons, pronotum, elytra, and pygidium opaque, light to dark reddish brown or grayish brown, lacking cretaceous marks (metepisternum rarely with narrow cretaceous ring on some females), some with vague metallic reflection on elytra. Setae of venter and legs in males tawny, females with setae tawny and black mixed. Head: Clypeus of males deeply concave, with moderately large, moderately dense punctures, setigerous; setae long, dense, tawny; lateral margins elevated, subparallel, keel-like; clypeal apex with horn short, stout, subtriangular (Fig. 2), projecting forward and obliquely upwards, apex broadly subtruncate in minors to weakly tridentate in majors; occipital horn dorso-ventrally flattened, extending to at least middle of clypeus, sides subparallel in minors, expanding apically to broad apex in majors, apex distinctly (sometimes weakly) emarginate in both minors and majors (Fig. 2). Clypeus of females not concave, densely punctate to rugopunctate, punctures moderately large and setigerous in pristine specimens, apex broadly parabolic, strongly reflexed at center; frons with low, longitudinal tumescence at center, surface with small, sparse punctures. Interocular width equals 4.0 – 5.0 transverse eye diameters. Antenna with 10 antennomeres, club distinctly longer than antennomeres 2 – 7 in males, subequal in length to antennomeres 2 – 7 in females. Pronotum: Surface opaque, with small, sparse punctures near lateral margins. Lateral margins slightly emarginate between middle and basal angle, with marginal bead usually on basal half only. Elytra: Surface opaque, lacking elevated, parallel costae on disc; suture slightly elevated on apical half. Surface with small, sparse punctures only near apices, apices at suture subquadrate to slightly, angularly produced. Pygidium: Males with transversely concentric, vermiform strigulae with minute, tawny setae; females similar but setae slightly longer. In lateral view, surface nearly flat to weakly convex in both sexes. Venter: Metasternum of males punctate on anterior and posterior margins, punctures moderate in size and density; females with punctures larger, denser, or rugopunctate; central third nearly impunctate. Mesometasternal process, in lateral view, moderate in length, parallel to ventral axis of body; in ventral view, sides parallel, apex broadly rounded and slightly flared laterally (Fig. 5). Abdominal ventrites 1 – 6 of males with punctures moderate in size and density on lateral thirds, impunctate on central third; females with punctures larger, denser, completely covering sternite 6. Legs: Protibia of males slender, bidentate near apex, occasionally with slight swelling behind middle, all but apical tooth usually obsolete. Females with protibia broader, strongly tridentate, basal tooth slightly removed. Parameres: In caudal view, form subrectangular, apices broadly rounded, each with small, subapical tooth projecting upwards (Figs. 3 – 4). Basal piece about 1.5 times as long as parameres.	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C. (2015): A Revision of the Neotropical Genus Allorrhina Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 69 (1): 91-113, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-69.1.91, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-69.1.91
AD0E87CBBB47FF95FD6BFF4B2E1AFC11.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Allorrhina carmelita occurs in the Amazon basin of several countries, with some extensions to the north into Guyana and west into Colombia and Ecuador. Suárez-G. and Amat- García (2007) listed only A. carmelita from Colombia, but we now know that A. scabriuscula and A. soror occur there, also (see below). Locality Records. 527 specimens from AJRC, AMIC, AMNH, BCRC, BMNH, CASC, CCBM, CMNH, DEIC, FMNH, INPA, IRSNB, MCZC, MIZA, MLPA, MNHN, MZSP, RMNH, SEAB, QBUM, UNSM, USNM, ZMHU, and ZSMC. BOLIVIA (2). COCHABAMBA (1): Chapare. NO DATA (1). BRAZIL (365). AMAZONAS (300): Benjamin Constant, Borba, Capella, Fonte Boa, Ipiranga, Juarete, Manacapuru, Manaus, Manicoré, Maués, Pôrto Aurora, São Gabriel da Cachoeira, São Paulo de Olivença, Tefé, Tonantins, Urucurituba, Uypizanga (14 km from Manaus), no data. PARÁ (37): Itaituba, Óbidos, Rio Tapajós, Santarém. RONDÔNIA (13): Fazenda Rancho Grande (80 km SE Ariquemes), Porto Velho, Vilhena. NO DATA (15). COLOMBIA (17). META (6): Villavicencio. PUTUMAYO (4): Mocoa. SANTANDER (1): Bucamaranga. NO DATA (6). ECUADOR (4). PASTAZA (2): Pacayacu, Sarayaku. NO DATA (1). GUYANA (22). ESSEQUIBO (4): Bartica, Cataract Canaria. NO DATA (18). PERU (55). AMAZONAS (5): No data. JUNÍN (7): La Merced, Satipo. LORETO (8): Iquitos, Mishuyacu, Yarina Cocha. PASCO (3): Chuchurras. SAN MARTÍN (3): Achinamiza. UCAYALI (21): Boquerón del Padre Abad, Previsto, Pucallpa. NO DATA (8). VENEZUELA (49). AMAZONAS (17): Alto Rio Mavaca, Parque Nacional Duida-Marahuaca, Rio Baria, San Carlos de Río Negro. BOLÍVAR (32): El Bochinche, El Dorado to Santa Elena (km 82, km 88, km 107, km 155), Guayaraca, Meseta de Nuria. NO DATA (13). Temporal Distribution. January (8), February (9), March (26), April (104), May (6), June (10), July (40), August (40), September (40), October (24), November (25), December (42).	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C. (2015): A Revision of the Neotropical Genus Allorrhina Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 69 (1): 91-113, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-69.1.91, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-69.1.91
AD0E87CBBB47FF95FD6BFF4B2E1AFC11.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Males of A. carmelita are easily distinguished because they are the only species in the genus where the male has the dorso-ventrally flattened occipital horn weakly to strongly emarginate at its apex (Fig. 2) and free for much of its length. Males of all the other species have either a rounded, broadly arcuate, or attenuate occipital horn or tumescence or the apex is barely free only at the extreme apex when the horn is reduced to a longitudinal tumescence. Allorrhina soror is similar in form and color to A. carmelita (and sympatric in part of its range), but A. soror is smaller (17.4 – 22.7 mm versus 19.5 – 28.0 mm in A. carmelita). Males of the two species are easily distinguished because the occipital horn in A. carmelita is elongate, with subparallel sides and a weakly to distinctly emarginate apex, and extends to at least the middle of the clypeus (Fig. 2), whereas in A. soror the occipital horn is short, narrowly rounded, and does not reach the middle of the clypeus (Fig. 36). Females can also be distinguished by the presence of a low, longitudinal tumescence lacking a free apex in A. carmelita, while the horn is barely free at its apex in A. soror.	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C. (2015): A Revision of the Neotropical Genus Allorrhina Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 69 (1): 91-113, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-69.1.91, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-69.1.91
AD0E87CBBB47FF95FD6BFF4B2E1AFC11.taxon	discussion	Nomenclature. My examination of the holotype of A. amazonica demonstrated that it was conspecific with A. carmelita, and so it is here placed into new junior synonymy. Kraatz (1898) knew of A. amazonica (then Cotinis), but thought it was probably based upon a female of C. mutabilis because of its smooth abdomen, whereas his C. brasiliensis was different or a variety. Schenkling (1921) tentatively placed C. brasiliensis in synonymy with A. carmelita, and Krajcik (1998) definitively placed it in synonymy with C. carmelita. Natural History. Although an abundant species, there is nothing in the literature or on specimen labels to indicate anything about its life history.	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C. (2015): A Revision of the Neotropical Genus Allorrhina Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 69 (1): 91-113, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-69.1.91, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-69.1.91
AD0E87CBBB45FF9AFF33FC232825FBC8.taxon	description	(Figs. 6 – 8)	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C. (2015): A Revision of the Neotropical Genus Allorrhina Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 69 (1): 91-113, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-69.1.91, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-69.1.91
AD0E87CBBB45FF9AFF33FC232825FBC8.taxon	description	Description. Length 11.3 – 15.3 mm; width across humeri 6.4 – 9.0 mm. Head and pygidium (except on cretaceous areas) piceous to black, weakly shiny; pronotum and elytra (except on cretaceous areas) opaque, piceous, dark reddish brown, dark green, or as above but with a longitudinal, diffuse, broad, light reddish brown stripe on center of pronotum and each elytron (Fig. 6). Cretaceous marks as follows: head of males with clypeus chalky either side of occipital horn, frons with round spot mesad of base of each eye, marks of frons and clypeus occasionally merged; females with spot mesad of each eye only; pronotum with slender to usually broad band on each lateral margin, band curving around posterior angle; mesepimeron chalky on posterior half; elytra with slender band on each lateral margin and curving to behind apical umbone; pygidium on each lateral third with broad band. All cretaceous marks may be variably reduced or absent. Venter and legs shiny, black, with cretaceous marks as follows: mesepimeron on posterior half; metepisternum and metepimeron completely chalky; metasternum on anterior and posterior margins (rarely entirely); metacoxa on lateral edge; meso- and metafemora each with slender band on posterior edge on apical half; abdominal ventrite 1 with small spot at center base and on each lateral margin; ventrites 2 – 5 each with broad, transverse band on posterior margin on lateral thirds, band not reaching midline. All ventral cretaceous marks may be variably reduced or absent, especially in females. Setae of venter and legs tawny. Head: Frons and clypeus of males with large punctures moderately dense to dense either side of occipital keel; clypeus with a small, shallow, round, setigerous depression before apex and end of occipital keel, setae moderately long, tawny; elevated lateral margins strigulose, subparallel, not curving towards base of clypeal horn; clypeal apex with short, subquadrate horn projecting forward and obliquely upwards, apex slightly emarginate or not; occipital horn reduced to a longitudinal keel, apex not free, with short, sparse, tawny setae either side of keel in pristine specimens. Frons and clypeus of females densely punctate, punctures large; clypeal apex broadly subtruncate, weakly reflexed at center; frons weakly, longitudinally tumid at center. Interocular width equals 4.0 – 4.2 transverse eye diameters. Antenna with 10 antennomeres, club distinctly longer than antennomeres 2 – 7 in males, only slightly longer in females. Pronotum: Surface opaque, with small, sparse punctures, punctures becoming slightly larger, denser, and crescentshaped on sides and in anterior angles. Lateral margins strongly emarginate between middle and basal angle, with weak marginal bead on basal half. Elytra: Surface opaque, most specimens lacking elevated, parallel costae on disc. Disc and sides with indistinct rows of small punctures, punctures usually obscured. Apices at suture distinctly, angularly produced. Pygidium: Surface of males weakly shiny, with sparse to moderately dense, transverse rugae with minute, tawny setae in pristine specimens; surface on lateral cretaceous areas with rugae smaller, sparser, most specimens with weak, longitudinal keel at center on apical 2 / 3. Females with small, sparse, glabrous punctures on shiny area, longitudinal keel absent. In lateral view, surface weakly convex in males, nearly flat in females. Venter: Metasternum with moderate size to large, sparse, round to crescent-shaped punctures on lateral thirds, center third nearly impunctate. Mesometasternal process, in lateral view, short, parallel to ventral axis of body; in ventral view, sides parallel, apex broadly rounded. Abdominal ventrites 1 – 5 of both sexes with small, sparse, oval to crescent-shaped punctures, punctures slightly denser on sternite 6 and slightly denser and larger near lateral margins of all sternites. Legs: Protibia of males slender, bidentate near apex, occasionally with slight swelling suggestive of 3 rd tooth below middle. Females with protibia tridentate, broader. Parameres: In caudal view, form short, subrectangular, apices broadly rounded, each with small tooth projecting upwards (Figs. 7 – 8). Basal piece twice as long as parameres.	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C. (2015): A Revision of the Neotropical Genus Allorrhina Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 69 (1): 91-113, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-69.1.91, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-69.1.91
AD0E87CBBB45FF9AFF33FC232825FBC8.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Allorrhina cincta occurs in southern Brazil, with one uncertain record from northern Argentina. Locality Records. 84 specimens from AMIC, BCRC, BMNH, CASC, CMNC, CMNH, DEIC, FMNH, INPA, IRSNB, MNHN, MCZC, MZSP, RMNH, QBUM, USNM, ZMHU, and ZSMC. ARGENTINA (1). MISIONES (1): No data. BRAZIL (71). DISTRITO FEDERAL (1): Brasília. GOIÁS (42): Bananeiras, Jatahy (Jataí), Mineiros, Rio Verde, Trinidade, Vianópolis, No data. MATO GROSSO (20): Chapada dos Guimarães, Cuiabá, Rosário Oeste. MATO GROSSO DO SUL (1): Corumbá. MINAS GERAIS (5): Diamantina, Uberaba, Varginha, No data. PARANÁ (2): Barro Prêto, Curitiba. NO DATA (12). Temporal Distribution. The majority of specimens studied were old and had no date of collection. January (2), May (1), September (1), October (6), November (4), December (1).	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C. (2015): A Revision of the Neotropical Genus Allorrhina Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 69 (1): 91-113, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-69.1.91, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-69.1.91
AD0E87CBBB45FF9AFF33FC232825FBC8.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Allorrhina cincta is characterized by its smaller size (less than 15.5 mm), distinctive coloring and presence of cretaceous marks (Fig. 6), pronotum with only small, sparse punctures, and elytra lacking distinctly raised costae on the disc.	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C. (2015): A Revision of the Neotropical Genus Allorrhina Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 69 (1): 91-113, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-69.1.91, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-69.1.91
AD0E87CBBB45FF9AFF33FC232825FBC8.taxon	discussion	Nomenclature. Gymnetis cincta versicolor was described by Moser (1908) for those specimens with a suffusion of red on the center of the pronotum and each elytron. This color variant is commonly seen. Natural History. There is no information about the natural history of this species. The region in which it occurs is largely tropical savanna.	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C. (2015): A Revision of the Neotropical Genus Allorrhina Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 69 (1): 91-113, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-69.1.91, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-69.1.91
AD0E87CBBB4AFF98FD4BFB022DF8FA15.taxon	description	(Figs. 9 – 12)	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C. (2015): A Revision of the Neotropical Genus Allorrhina Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 69 (1): 91-113, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-69.1.91, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-69.1.91
AD0E87CBBB4AFF98FD4BFB022DF8FA15.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype and paratype male labeled “ BRASIL: Minas Gerais / Machado Mineiro / 3 December 2012 / E. Abadie coll. ” and with our red holotype and yellow paratype labels. Holotype deposited at UNSM (Lincoln, Nebraska, USA). Paratype deposited at EIAC (Buenos Aires, Argentina). Holotype. Male. Length 22.7 mm; width across humeri 14.5 mm. Head, pronotum, and pygidium (except on cretaceous areas) dark reddish brown to piceous, shiny; elytra opaque, reddish brown, lacking cretaceous marks. Pronotum with slender, cretaceous band on each lateral margin extending from anterior angle, around posterior angle, and across base to just mesad of middle of elytra (Fig. 9), band slightly flared towards midline just before middle. Mesepimeron chalky on posterior half. Pygidium on each lateral third with transversely, suboval, cretaceous spot. Venter and legs shiny, reddish brown with cretaceous marks as follows: mesepimeron on posterior margin; metepisternum and metepimeron each with small spot; metasternum with small spot on anterolateral and posterolateral corners; metacoxa on lateral edge. Abdominal ventrites 1 – 4 each with large, broad spot on lateral margins. Setae of venter and legs tawny. Head: Frons and clypeus broadly concave at center, with moderately large, moderately dense, setigerous punctures; setae long, sparse, tawny. Each lateral margin with obliquely flared ridge. Clypeal apex with short, stout, spatulate horn, horn projecting forward and upwards, apex triangularly expanded with each tip recurved backwards; occipital horn short, tapering to narrowly rounded apex. Interocular width equals 5.5 transverse eye diameters. Antenna with 10 antennomeres, club slightly longer than antennomeres 2 – 7. Pronotum: Surface with punctures on disc small, round, moderate in density, punctures becoming slightly larger and denser on sides. Lateral margins slightly emarginate between middle and basal angle, with complete marginal bead, bead thicker on basal half. Elytra: Surface with 2 slightly elevated, parallel costae on disc, each terminating at prominent apical umbone. Disc with 5 incomplete rows of moderate to large, horseshoe-shaped punctures; sides with similar but smaller punctures not in distinct rows. Apices at suture obtusely angulate, not produced. Pygidium: Surface densely, transversely rugulose except at extreme apex where vaguely punctate, setigerous, setae short; surface on lateral cretaceous areas with dark, transverse, sparse punctures. In lateral view, surface weakly convex. Venter: Metasternum with large, dense, deep punctures on lateral thirds, center third nearly impunctate. Mesometasternal process, in lateral view, short, parallel to ventral axis of body; in ventral view, sides parallel, apex broadly rounded; metasternal portion of process with long, dense, tawny setae (Fig. 10). Abdominal ventrites 1 – 5 with punctures moderately large, moderately dense, round and oval on lateral thirds; punctures small, sparse on central third and on sternite 6. Legs: Protibia tridentate, basal tooth slightly removed. Parameres: In caudal view, form subrectangular, apices broadly rounded, a small tooth before apex, tooth extending slightly past lateral margin (Figs. 11 – 12). Basal piece twice as long as parameres.	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C. (2015): A Revision of the Neotropical Genus Allorrhina Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 69 (1): 91-113, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-69.1.91, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-69.1.91
AD0E87CBBB4AFF98FD4BFB022DF8FA15.taxon	discussion	Variation. Male (1 paratype). Length 22.4 mm; width across humeri 12.43 mm. The paratype does not differ significantly from the holotype. The first abdominal ventrite lacks a cretaceous spot on the lateral margin.	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C. (2015): A Revision of the Neotropical Genus Allorrhina Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 69 (1): 91-113, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-69.1.91, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-69.1.91
AD0E87CBBB4AFF98FD4BFB022DF8FA15.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The epithet is adjectival, agreeing in gender with the feminine generic name, Allorrhina. It is derived from the Latin denotatus indicating conspicuously marked and here used in reference to the conspicuously shiny pronotum with an extended cretaceous band on each lateral margin.	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C. (2015): A Revision of the Neotropical Genus Allorrhina Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 69 (1): 91-113, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-69.1.91, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-69.1.91
AD0E87CBBB4AFF98FD4BFB022DF8FA15.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Allorrhina denotata is known only from extreme northern Minas Gerais, only 13 km from the border with Bahia (Fig. 13). Locality Records. 2 specimens deposited in EIAC and UNSM. BRAZIL (2): MINAS GERAIS (2): Machado Mineiro. Temporal Distribution. December (2).	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C. (2015): A Revision of the Neotropical Genus Allorrhina Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 69 (1): 91-113, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-69.1.91, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-69.1.91
AD0E87CBBB4AFF98FD4BFB022DF8FA15.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Allorrhina denotata is unique because of its shiny, reddish brown pronotum with a chalky band on each lateral margin that extends around the base to just laterad of the pronotal lobe (Fig. 9). Only A. scabriuscula has a shiny pronotum (and elytra), but it lacks cretaceous marks. Allorrhina denotata is more similar in overall gestalt to A. menetriesii with regards to head armature and the cretaceous markings of the pygidium and venter, but the shiny pronotum and dense setae on the metasternal part of the mesometasternal process (Fig. 10) of A. denotata distinguishes it.	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C. (2015): A Revision of the Neotropical Genus Allorrhina Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 69 (1): 91-113, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-69.1.91, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-69.1.91
AD0E87CBBB4AFF98FD4BFB022DF8FA15.taxon	discussion	Natural History. Nothing is known of the natural history of this species.	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C. (2015): A Revision of the Neotropical Genus Allorrhina Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 69 (1): 91-113, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-69.1.91, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-69.1.91
AD0E87CBBB48FF9CFF2DFA262DCEFDDD.taxon	description	(Figs. 14 – 21)	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C. (2015): A Revision of the Neotropical Genus Allorrhina Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 69 (1): 91-113, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-69.1.91, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-69.1.91
AD0E87CBBB48FF9CFF2DFA262DCEFDDD.taxon	materials_examined	Lectotype male, here designated, at ZISP, labeled “ Brasilia / 6203 ”, examined via photograph (Fig. 15). Lectoallotype female here designated, at MZHF, labeled “ Brasilia / Serra da Lapa // female symbol // Menetr. ”, examined.	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C. (2015): A Revision of the Neotropical Genus Allorrhina Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 69 (1): 91-113, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-69.1.91, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-69.1.91
AD0E87CBBB48FF9CFF2DFA262DCEFDDD.taxon	discussion	Type not found. Type locality: “ Brésil. ”	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C. (2015): A Revision of the Neotropical Genus Allorrhina Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 69 (1): 91-113, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-69.1.91, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-69.1.91
AD0E87CBBB48FF9CFF2DFA262DCEFDDD.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype male at MHNG, labeled “ Montivid ”, examined. Type locality: “ Montivid ” [Uruguay].	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C. (2015): A Revision of the Neotropical Genus Allorrhina Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 69 (1): 91-113, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-69.1.91, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-69.1.91
AD0E87CBBB48FF9CFF2DFA262DCEFDDD.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype male at MNHN, labeled “ Brasilia // Gymnetis episcopalis G & P ”, examined. Type locality: “ Brésil. ”	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C. (2015): A Revision of the Neotropical Genus Allorrhina Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 69 (1): 91-113, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-69.1.91, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-69.1.91
AD0E87CBBB48FF9CFF2DFA262DCEFDDD.taxon	materials_examined	Lectotype male at BMNH, labeled: “ Rio Verde / Goyas / Brazil // type // Bourgoin coll. ” and with my red lectotype label. Type locality: “ Rio Verde, Goyas ”. Lectoallotype female at BMNH with same labels as lectotype and with my red lectoallotype label. Two male paralectotypes, one each at BMNH and MNHN, with same data as lectotype and with my yellow paralectotype labels. Lectotypes examined, designated by Ratcliffe (2004).	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C. (2015): A Revision of the Neotropical Genus Allorrhina Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 69 (1): 91-113, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-69.1.91, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-69.1.91
AD0E87CBBB48FF9CFF2DFA262DCEFDDD.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype male at BMNH, labeled “ Goyas / Brésil ”, examined. Type locality: “ Brésil: Goyaz ”.	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C. (2015): A Revision of the Neotropical Genus Allorrhina Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 69 (1): 91-113, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-69.1.91, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-69.1.91
AD0E87CBBB48FF9CFF2DFA262DCEFDDD.taxon	description	Description. Length 18.0 – 26.7 mm; width across humeri 10.0 – 16.1 mm. Head and pygidium (except on cretaceous areas) dark reddish brown to black with dark green reflections, weakly shiny; pronotum and elytra (except on cretaceous areas) opaque, reddish brown, plum, or dark greenish gray, dark greenish black, or blackish gray. Cretaceous marks as follows: pronotum with slender to broad band on each lateral margin, band not curving around posterior angle; mesepimeron chalky on posterior half; elytra lacking marks; pygidium on each lateral third (rarely completely) with broad band or spot. All cretaceous marks may be variably reduced or absent. Venter and legs shiny, reddish brown to piceous to black, with cretaceous marks as follows: mesepimeron on posterior half; metepisternum and metepimeron completely chalky; metasternum on anterior and posterior margins or lateral fourths; metacoxa on lateral edge; abdominal ventrites 2 – 5 each with broad, transverse band on lateral thirds, band not reaching midline. All ventral cretaceous marks may be variably reduced or absent, especially in females. Setae of venter and legs tawny. Head: Frons and clypeus of males broadly concave at center, with moderately large, moderately dense, setigerous punctures; setae long, moderately dense, tawny; each lateral margin with laterally compressed, forward-projecting, blunt horn in majors (Figs. 14 and 17), margins an elevated ridge in minors; clypeal apex with prominent, spatulate horn in majors, horn projecting forward and obliquely upwards (Fig. 17); minors with short, subquadrate projection; occipital horn prominent and projecting forwards in majors, dorsoventrally flattened, sides parallel, apex rounded (Fig. 17); minors with horn shorter, tapering to a blunt point. Frons and clypeus of females densely punctate, punctures moderately large to large, setigerous; clypeal apex (in exact dorsal view) broadly subtruncate, strongly reflexed at center; frons distinctly, longitudinally tumid at center. Interocular width equals 5.0 – 7.0 transverse eye diameters in males (horns tend to reduce eye size), 6.0 – 7.0 transverse eye diameters in females. Antenna with 10 antennomeres, club distinctly longer than antennomeres 2 – 7 in both sexes. Pronotum: Surface opaque, with small, sparse, round punctures on disc, punctures becoming slightly larger, denser, and crescent-shaped on sides and in angles, especially in females. Lateral margins slightly emarginate between middle and basal angle, with complete marginal bead, bead usually thicker on basal half. Elytra: Surface opaque, most specimens lacking 2 slightly elevated, parallel costae on disc. Disc with distinct, incomplete rows of moderate to moderately large, horseshoe-shaped punctures. Apices at suture weakly, angularly produced. Pygidium: Surface of males shiny, densely, transversely rugose, with minute, tawny setae in pristine specimens; surface on lateral cretaceous areas with dark, transverse, sparse punctures. Females similar except setae slightly longer. In lateral view, surface nearly flat to weakly convex in both sexes. Venter: Metasternum with large, moderately dense, round to crescent-shaped punctures on lateral thirds, center third nearly impunctate. Mesometasternal process, in lateral view, short, parallel to ventral axis of body; in ventral view, sides parallel, apex broadly rounded (Fig. 18), with a few, sparse setae on metasternal portion. Abdominal ventrites 1 – 5 of males with small to moderately large, sparse to moderately dense, oval to crescent-shaped punctures on shiny areas; punctures slightly denser on sternite 6. Abdominal ventrites of females similar. Legs: Protibia of males tridentate, basal tooth strongly removed. Females with protibia tridentate, teeth subequally spaced. Parameres: In caudal view, form subrectangular, apices broadly rounded, a small tooth before apex (Figs. 19 – 20). Basal piece twice as long as parameres.	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C. (2015): A Revision of the Neotropical Genus Allorrhina Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 69 (1): 91-113, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-69.1.91, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-69.1.91
AD0E87CBBB48FF9CFF2DFA262DCEFDDD.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Allorrhina menetriesii occurs in southeastern South America (Fig. 21). The records for Pucallpa in Coronel Portillo, Peru and Fazenda Rancho Grande in Rondônia, Brazil (all at CMNC) seem unusually far north for this species and are suspect. Locality Records. 435 specimens from AMIC, AMNH, BCRC, BMNH, CASC, CMNC, CNCI, DEIC, FMNH, HNHM, IRSNB, JDGC, MACN, MCZC, MHNG, MLPA, MLUH, MNHN, MZHF, MZSP, NMPC, QBUM, RDCC, RMNH, SLTC, UNSM, USNM, WBWC, ZISP, ZMHU, and ZSMC. Some data from Bruch (1911) and Di Iorio (2013). ARGENTINA (165). CHACO (5): Capitán Solari, no data. CORRIENTES (40): Santo Tomé, no data. MISIONES (117): Alto Paraná, Aristóbulo del Valle (Arroyo Cuña-Pirú), Aristóbulo del Valle (Ruta Provincial 220, km 1.8), Azara, Campo Viera, Cataratas del Iguazu, Cuña-Pirú, Dos de Mayo, El Dorado, El Soberbio, Guaraní, Loreto, Puerto Aguirre, Puerto Bemberg, Puerto Iguazú, Puerto Rico, Salto Encantado, San Ignacio, San Pedro, no data. RIÓ NEGRO (1): San Carlos de Bariloche. TUCUMÁN (1): No data. NO DATA (1). BRAZIL (169). BAHIA (1): No data. DISTRITO FEDERAL (1): Brasília. ESPÍRITO SANTO (2): No data. GOIÁS (40): Campinas, Leopoldo de Bulhões, Mineiros, Perineus, Rio Verde, Trinidade, no data. MINAS GERAIS (33): Belo Horizonte, Carno do Rio Claro, Serra da Canastra, Serra da Diamantina, Serra da Lapa, No data. PARANÁ (18): Barro Prêto, Curitiba, Foz do Iguaçu, Ponta Grossa. RIO GRANDE DO SUL (4): Rio Augusto. SANTA CATARINA (40): Nova Teutônia, Rio Vermelho. SÃO PAULO (2): São Paulo, no data. NO DATA (28). PARAGUAY (66). CENTRAL (3): Colonia Thomson. GUAIRÁ (21): Colonia Sudetia, Itapé, Passo Yobai, Villarica. ITAPÚA (1): Vega. PARAGUARÍ (19): Paraguarí, Sapucai, Parque Nacional Ybycuí. NO DATA (22). PERU (3). CORONEL PORTILLO (3): Pucallpa. URUGUAY (3). MONTEVIDEO (2): Montevideo. NO DATA (1). NO DATA (29). Temporal Distribution. January (32), February (20), March (5), April (10), May (1), June (1), August (2), September (6), October (14), November (49), December (76).	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C. (2015): A Revision of the Neotropical Genus Allorrhina Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 69 (1): 91-113, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-69.1.91, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-69.1.91
AD0E87CBBB48FF9CFF2DFA262DCEFDDD.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Allorrhina menetriesii is distinguished by it greater length (18.0 mm or more); opaque pronotum and elytra; presence of cretaceous marks on the pronotum, pygidium, and venter; elytra with distinct rows of moderately large punctures; and males with a short, anteriorly directed horn on each lateral margin of the clypeus (Fig. 14) (reduced in minors).	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C. (2015): A Revision of the Neotropical Genus Allorrhina Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 69 (1): 91-113, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-69.1.91, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-69.1.91
AD0E87CBBB48FF9CFF2DFA262DCEFDDD.taxon	discussion	Nomenclature. Gory and Percheron (1833) described several similar species that seem to differ only by color and pattern. Mannerhiem’ s A. menetriesii shows a broad spectrum of color ranging from reddish brown, plum, dark greenish gray or black and with cretaceous markings variably present on the pronotum, pygidium, and venter. To my knowledge, no one has examined the available types before to tease out the relationship between these names. My examination of the male holotypes of G. cornifrons and G. episcopalis confirmed that their character states are all conspecific with those of A. menetriesii. The holotype of G. cornifrons has the clypeus and its horn broken off (and is so illustrated in Gory and Pecheron 1833), and the holotype of G. episcopalis is simply more reddish than other specimens probably available to Gory and Percheron. I removed G. rhinoceros from Tiarocera Burmeister (Ratcliffe 2014), and it is here placed in junior synonymy with C. menetriesii because all the character states are the same between the two. The illustration of G. rhinoceros in Gory and Percheron (1833) shows a male major. Examples of new species and literature were not readily available for study or exchange between workers in the 1830 s, and so Gory and Percheron were unaware of Mannerhiem’ s (1829) description of G. menetriesii. Allorrhina baeri was based upon four specimens, all with reduced cretaceous marks on the pronotum, pygidium, and venter. The three minor males all have a short, subquadrate clypeal horn, an acuminate occipital horn, and a plumpurple color. All the characters states present in these specimens are conspecific with the variation observed in A. menetriesii. The male holotype of A. viridicans has a faintly metallic green sheen along the elytral suture and the median half of the basal margin of the elytra, hence its name. It also has an acuminate occipital horn that is more typical of male minors, although the holotype is a large specimen. Otherwise, it is identical to A. menetriesii. The holotype of A. gounellei is an immaculate, minor male. The male paralectotype has traces of cretaceous flecks on the pronotum, pygidium, and metasternum. Both specimens have character states that are all congruous with those of G. menetriesii. The occipital horn is acuminate in both specimens (rather than rounded at the apex). Natural History. Nothing is known of the life history of this species. Mannerheim (1829) stated his specimens were collected on flowers. While some adults can be found in most months of the year, it is clear that the principal time of activity is from November to February, which is summer in the southern hemisphere.	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C. (2015): A Revision of the Neotropical Genus Allorrhina Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 69 (1): 91-113, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-69.1.91, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-69.1.91
AD0E87CBBB4CFF9DFF6DFDFF287BFF64.taxon	description	(Figs. 22 – 24)	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C. (2015): A Revision of the Neotropical Genus Allorrhina Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 69 (1): 91-113, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-69.1.91, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-69.1.91
AD0E87CBBB4CFF9DFF6DFDFF287BFF64.taxon	materials_examined	Lectotype male at ZMHU, labeled: “ Cuyaba, Brasilia // Allorrhina nickerli Moser, Type, male symbol // G. Ruter det. 1964, Holotype, male symbol ” and with my red lectotype label. Lectoallotype female at ZMHU, labeled: “ Cuyaba, Brasilia // Allorrhina nickerli Moser, Type, female symbol // Allotype, female symbol // G. Ruter det. 1964, Allorrhina nickerli Moser, Allotype ”, and with my red lectoallotype label. Seventeen paralectotypes at ZMHU, labeled: “ Cuyaba, Brasilia ” and with my yellow paralectotype labels. Four paralectotypes at MNHN, labeled: “ Cuyaba, Brazil ” and with my yellow paralectotype labels. Lectotypes examined, designated by Ratcliffe (2004).	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C. (2015): A Revision of the Neotropical Genus Allorrhina Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 69 (1): 91-113, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-69.1.91, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-69.1.91
AD0E87CBBB4CFF9DFF6DFDFF287BFF64.taxon	description	Description. Length 13.9 – 15.4 mm; width across humeri 7.6 – 8.9 mm. Head, elytra, and pygidium opaque. Color of dorsum black or dark reddish brown (pronotum occasionally dark green) with cretaceous marks as follows: clypeus chalky either side of middle; small spot mesad of each eye, slender band on lateral margins of pronotum; posterior half of mesepimeron; slender band on lateral margin of elytra in basal half; small spot behind apical umbone; pygidium with broad band either side of middle. All cretaceous markings may be variably reduced or absent. Venter and legs shiny, black, with cretaceous marks as follows: mesepimeron on posterior half; metepisternum completely chalky; metasternum on anterior half; metacoxa on lateral edge; and abdominal ventrites 2 – 5 each with broad, transverse band on lateral thirds, band not reaching midline. All cretaceous markings may be variably reduced or absent. Setae of venter and legs tawny. Head: Frons of males rugopunctate either side of midline; clypeus with large, moderately dense punctures and a small, shallow, round depression before apex and anterior end of occipital keel; elevated lateral margins strigulose, gradually curving towards base of clypeal horn; clypeal apex with short, suboval to subquadrate horn projecting forward and obliquely upwards; occipital horn reduced to a longitudinal keel, apex not free, with short, sparse, tawny setae either side of keel in pristine specimens. Frons and clypeus of females densely punctate, punctures moderately large, clypeal apex subtruncate; frons weakly, longitudinally tumid at center. Interocular width equals 5.0 transverse eye diameters. Antenna with 10 antennomeres, club distinctly longer than antennomeres 2 – 7 in males, only slightly longer in females. Pronotum: Surface opaque, coarsely punctate, punctures large, dense, shiny, transversely suboval to transversely crescentshaped. Lateral margins strongly emarginate between middle and basal angle, lacking distinct bead. Elytra: Surface opaque, with 2 distinctly elevated, parallel costae on disc terminating at prominent apical umbone (Fig. 22), sutural costa prominent in apical half. Interval between sutural and 1 st discal costae with 3 confused rows of small, shiny, horseshoe-shaped or transversely vermiform punctures; intervals either side of 2 nd discal costa each with 2 similar rows of punctures. Sides and apices behind and either side of apical umbone with small, suboval to crescentshaped punctures. Apices at suture weakly produced. Pygidium: Weakly shiny surface of males with dense, transverse, vermiform rugae and minute, tawny setae; females with sparse, transverse rugae; surface on lateral cretaceous areas with shiny, small, transversely oval to crescent-shaped punctures. In lateral view, surface weakly convex in both sexes. Venter: Metasternum with large, moderately dense, crescent-shaped punctures on lateral thirds, center third nearly impunctate. Mesometasternal process, in lateral view, short, parallel to ventral axis of body; in ventral view, apex angularly rounded. Abdominal ventrites of males on lateral thirds with small to moderate size, moderately dense, oval to crescent-shaped punctures; center third of sternites 1 – 5 with small, sparse punctures, sternite 6 densely punctate to rugulopunctate; abdominal ventrites of females similar or with slightly larger punctures at center. Legs: Protibia of males slender, tridentate, basal tooth strongly removed from others. Females with protibia tridentate, broader. Parameres: In caudal view, form short, subrectangular, apices rounded, each with small tooth projecting upwards (Figs. 23 – 24). Basal piece twice as long as parameres.	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C. (2015): A Revision of the Neotropical Genus Allorrhina Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 69 (1): 91-113, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-69.1.91, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-69.1.91
AD0E87CBBB4CFF9DFF6DFDFF287BFF64.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Allorrhina nickerli is known from southwestern Brazil near the borders of Bolivia and Paraguay. Additional collecting might reveal the presence of this species in the latter two countries. Locality Records. 28 specimens from CMNH, FMNH, MNHM, NMPC, ZMHU, and ZSMC. BRAZIL (28). BAHIA (1): Chapada Diamantina. MATO GROSSO (24): Cuiabá. MATO GROSSO DO SUL (1): Corumbá. NO DATA (2). Temporal Distribution. January (1). All the specimens studied were old, and all but one lacked temporal data.	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C. (2015): A Revision of the Neotropical Genus Allorrhina Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 69 (1): 91-113, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-69.1.91, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-69.1.91
AD0E87CBBB4CFF9DFF6DFDFF287BFF64.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Allorrhina nickerli is unique because of its coarsely punctate pronotum (Fig. 22) in combination with its smaller size (15.5 mm or less), presence of cretaceous marks, and distinctly elevated costae on the disc of the elytra.	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C. (2015): A Revision of the Neotropical Genus Allorrhina Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 69 (1): 91-113, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-69.1.91, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-69.1.91
AD0E87CBBB4CFF9DFF6DFDFF287BFF64.taxon	discussion	Natural History. Nothing is known of the life history of this uncommon species.	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C. (2015): A Revision of the Neotropical Genus Allorrhina Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 69 (1): 91-113, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-69.1.91, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-69.1.91
AD0E87CBBB4DFF83FD69FEA92DF8FD23.taxon	description	(Figs. 25 – 29)	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C. (2015): A Revision of the Neotropical Genus Allorrhina Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 69 (1): 91-113, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-69.1.91, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-69.1.91
AD0E87CBBB4DFF83FD69FEA92DF8FD23.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype female at MNHN, labeled “ Type / Col. Dupont // Type ”, examined. Type locality: “ Cayenne ”.	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C. (2015): A Revision of the Neotropical Genus Allorrhina Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 69 (1): 91-113, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-69.1.91, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-69.1.91
AD0E87CBBB4DFF83FD69FEA92DF8FD23.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype female at MNHN, labeled “ lugubris Thoms. / Type T. C. 13 / Cay // Th. Type // Ex Musaeo James Thomson // Type // Allorrhina nigerrima Burm. / female symbol / G. Ruter det. 1965 ”, examined. Type locality: “ Cayenne ”. NEW SYNONYMY.	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C. (2015): A Revision of the Neotropical Genus Allorrhina Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 69 (1): 91-113, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-69.1.91, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-69.1.91
AD0E87CBBB4DFF83FD69FEA92DF8FD23.taxon	description	Description. Length 21.8 – 25.5 mm; width across humeri 12.1 – 15.0 mm. Clypeus, elytral suture, legs, and venter dark reddish brown to more commonly piceous, shiny. Frons, pronotum, elytra, and pygidium opaque, dark reddish brown to nearly black, lacking cretaceous marks. Setae of venter and legs in both sexes tawny and black mixed. Head: Clypeus of males deeply concave, with moderately large punctures moderate in density, setigerous; setae long, dense, tawny; lateral margins elevated, curving slightly mesad near apices, keel-like; clypeal apex with horn short, stout, subtriangular or subquadrate, projecting forward and obliquely upwards, apex not emarginate; occipital horn dorso-ventrally flattened, short, broadly arcuate, barely reaching middle of clypeus (Fig. 26); frons with moderately long, tawny setae either side of middle in pristine specimens. Clypeus of females weakly concave, densely punctate to rugopunctate, punctures large, with short setae; apex broadly parabolic, strongly reflexed into low, rounded lobe at center; frons with broadly rounded, longitudinal tumescence at center extending past middle of clypeus (Fig. 27), apex barely free. Interocular width equals 4.5 – 6.5 transverse eye diameters. Antenna with 10 antennomeres, club distinctly longer than antennomeres 2 – 7 in both sexes. Pronotum: Surface opaque, with small, sparse punctures near lateral margins. Lateral margins not emarginate between middle and basal angle, with complete marginal bead. Elytra: Surface opaque, usually lacking distinctly elevated, parallel costae on disc (costae occasionally weakly evident), suture slightly elevated on apical half. Surface with small, sparse punctures only near apices, apices at suture produced in males, subquadrate to slightly produced in females. Pygidium: Males with densely transverse, concentric, vermiform strigulae with minute, tawny setae; females similar but setae black, slightly longer. In lateral view, surface nearly flat to weakly convex in both sexes. Venter: Metasternum punctate on lateral thirds, punctures moderate in size and density, denser and larger on anterior and posterior margins; central third nearly impunctate. Mesometasternal process, in lateral view, moderately long, parallel to ventral axis of body; in ventral view, sides parallel, apex broadly rounded. Abdominal ventrites 1 – 6 of males with punctures moderate in size and density on lateral thirds, nearly impunctate on central third; females with punctures slightly larger, denser, completely covering sternite 6. Legs: Protibia of males slender, unidentate or bidentate near apex, occasionally with slight swelling behind middle suggestive of 3 rd tooth, all but apical tooth usually obsolete. Females with protibia broader, strongly tridentate, basal tooth slightly removed. Parameres: In caudal view, form short, apices broadly separated, acute curving inwards towards one another (Figs. 28 – 29). Basal piece slightly shorter than 1.5 times length of parameres.	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C. (2015): A Revision of the Neotropical Genus Allorrhina Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 69 (1): 91-113, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-69.1.91, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-69.1.91
AD0E87CBBB4DFF83FD69FEA92DF8FD23.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Allorrhina nigerima is known from the Guianas in northwestern South America and Amazonian Brazil. There are dubious records from Bolivia (1 with no data) at ZMHU, Peru (2 with no data) at ZMHU, Peru (1 from Satipo) at ZSMC, and Colombia (1 from Santa Fé de Bogotá) at FMNH. Locality Records. 79 specimens from AMIC, BMNH, DEIC, FLSC, FMNH, IRSNB, MCZC, MHNG, MNHN, RMNH, ZMHU, and ZSMC. BRAZIL (10). AMAZONAS (8): Manaus, São Paulo de Olivença, Tapajos. PARÁ (2): Obidos. FRENCH GUIANA (58). CAYENNE (6): Cayenne, Kourou (Wayabo), Macouria (Matiti). SAINT-LAURENT-DU-MARONI (47): Les Hattes, Nouveau Chantier, Saint-Jean-du-Maroni, Saint- Laurent-du-Maroni. NO DATA (5). GUYANA (3). POTARO-SIPARUNI (3): Iwokrama Research Station at Kurupukari. SURINAME (6). NO DATA. NO DATA (2). Temporal Distribution. February (1), May (5), July (5), August (8), September (3).	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C. (2015): A Revision of the Neotropical Genus Allorrhina Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 69 (1): 91-113, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-69.1.91, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-69.1.91
AD0E87CBBB4DFF83FD69FEA92DF8FD23.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Allorrhina nigerrima is remarkably similar to A. soror, and both species are partly sympatric in their distribution. Both males and females of A. nigerrima can be distinguished by an occipital tumescence that is short and broadly arcuate (Fig. 26), whereas the tumescence in A. soror is more elongate and tapering in males (Fig. 36) and with subparallel sides and a narrowly rounded apex in females. The club of the antenna is distinctly longer than antennomeres 2 – 7 in females of A. nigerrima and only slightly longer or subequal in length to antennomeres 2 – 7 in females of A. soror. The lateral margin of the pronotum is not emarginate between the middle and basal angles, while it is slightly emarginate in A. soror. These are subtle differences and can best be seen and compared with authoritatively identified specimens. Lastly, the parameres of A. nigerrima are, in caudal view, short with broadly separated, acute apices that curve towards one another, whereas the apices of A. soror are broadly rounded and not widely separated (compare Figs. 28 and 37).	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C. (2015): A Revision of the Neotropical Genus Allorrhina Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 69 (1): 91-113, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-69.1.91, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-69.1.91
AD0E87CBBB4DFF83FD69FEA92DF8FD23.taxon	discussion	Nomenclature. My examination of the types of both C. nigerrima and G. lugubris at MNHN in Paris showed that they were conspecific except that G. lugubris was 5 mm shorter in body length than C. nigerrima. Schenkling (1921) in his catalog listed nigerrima in both Allorrhina and Cotinis! In spite of Gaston Ruter’ s 1965 label indicating the type of G. lugubris equaled C. nigerrima, G. lugubris has never been placed in synonymy but was, instead, listed in catalogs (e. g., Blackwelder 1944; Krajcik 1998) as a species of Hoplopyga Thomson, probably because of its vague original description combined with the smaller size. Natural History. Nothing is known of the life history of A. nigerrima.	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C. (2015): A Revision of the Neotropical Genus Allorrhina Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 69 (1): 91-113, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-69.1.91, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-69.1.91
AD0E87CBBB53FF80FF4CFD6D2F33F957.taxon	description	(Figs. 30 – 34)	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C. (2015): A Revision of the Neotropical Genus Allorrhina Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 69 (1): 91-113, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-69.1.91, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-69.1.91
AD0E87CBBB53FF80FF4CFD6D2F33F957.taxon	discussion	Type not found, not at the Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm. Type locality: none given.	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C. (2015): A Revision of the Neotropical Genus Allorrhina Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 69 (1): 91-113, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-69.1.91, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-69.1.91
AD0E87CBBB53FF80FF4CFD6D2F33F957.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: “ Mexico ” (probably erroneous).	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C. (2015): A Revision of the Neotropical Genus Allorrhina Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 69 (1): 91-113, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-69.1.91, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-69.1.91
AD0E87CBBB53FF80FF4CFD6D2F33F957.taxon	description	Description. Length 18.2 – 29.0 mm; width across humeri 11.2 – 18.3 mm. Color of dorsum shiny dark green, dark green with copper, copper (rarely), or black with weak metallic green reflections, lacking cretaceous marks. Pygidium, venter, and legs reddish brown, brown, dark green, or black with cretaceous marks as follows: metepimeron with central spot; metasternum with band on anterior and posterior margins; metepisternum extensively covered; abdominal ventrites 1 – 3 each with broad, transverse band, band not reaching midline. All cretaceous markings may be variably reduced or absent, especially in females. Setae of venter and legs tawny, reddish brown, or black. Head: Males with disc of clypeus concave, sparsely to moderately punctate; elevated lateral margins densely punctate to strigulose, gradually curving towards base of clypeal horn; apex with short, subquadrate horn projecting forward and obliquely upwards; occipital horn parallel-sided, dorso-ventrally flattened, apex narrowly rounded or broadly lanceolate, projecting forward to middle of clypeus (Fig. 30); venter of horn with setae moderate in length and density, tawny. Females with frons and clypeus densely punctate to rugopunctate, punctures moderate size to moderately large; disc of clypeus nearly flat, apex broadly rounded; occipital horn absent, instead frons longitudinally tumid at center (Fig. 31). Interocular width equals 3.5 (females) to 4.0 (males) transverse eye diameters. Antenna with 10 antennomeres, club slightly longer than antennomeres 2 – 7. Pronotum: Surface with small to moderately large, dense punctures, punctures becoming sparser and smaller on basal lobe, lateral margins rugopunctate to rugose. Sides weakly emarginate between middle and basal angle and with distinct, entire marginal bead. Elytra: Surface on humerus and basal half of disc and on central, longitudinal costa with small, sparse punctures. Remainder of surface (mesad and laterad of central costae) coarsely, transversely rugose. Apices at suture slightly produced. Pygidium: Surface densely, transversely rugose, with short, dense, tawny setae. In lateral view, profile weakly convex. Venter: Metasternum with dense, moderately large, setigerous punctures on anterior and posterior margins (when not obscured by cretaceous marks), center impunctate. Mesometasternal process, in lateral view, short, subparallel to ventral axis of body; in ventral view, apex broadly rounded, slightly flared laterally (Fig. 32). Abdominal ventrites of males on lateral margins with moderately large, moderately dense punctures; center with small, sparse, punctures; abdominal ventrites of females similar or with larger punctures on center, especially in larger specimens. Legs: Protibia of males slender, usually with single apical tooth, occasionally feebly tridentate. Females with protibia broader, distinctly tridentate. Parameres: In caudal view, form subrectangular, apices rounded, each with sharp tooth projecting laterally (Fig. 33); in lateral view, surface distinctly concave, concavity filled with short, densely matted, cream white setae (Fig. 34). Basal piece twice as long as parameres.	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C. (2015): A Revision of the Neotropical Genus Allorrhina Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 69 (1): 91-113, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-69.1.91, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-69.1.91
AD0E87CBBB53FF80FF4CFD6D2F33F957.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Allorrhina scabriuscula is known from northern South America. Locality Records. 550 specimens from AMNH, BCRC, BMNH, CASC, CMNC, CNCI, CRAAG, FLSC, FMNH, FSCA, JDGC, MCZC, MIZA, MLUH, MNHN, RMNH, UAIC, UMSP, UNSM, USNM, WBWC, ZMHU, and ZSMC. COLOMBIA (19). MAGDALENA (1): Santa Marta. NORTE DE SANTANDER (1): La Garita. TOLIMA (1): Ibague. NO DATA (16). FRENCH GUIANA (4). Cayenne, Montagne de Kaw (D 6 - PK 39.5). SURINAME (1). NO DATA. TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO (137). Ariapita Valley, Arima, Belmont, Botanical Garden, Caparo, Charlotteville, Cunaripo, Curepe, Maracas Bay, Morne Bleu, Port of Spain, Sangre Grande, St. Augustine (6 mi. E), St. Joseph, Tunapuna. NO DATA (39). VENEZUELA (342). AMAZONAS (1): San Fernando de Atabapo. ARAGUA (37): Cagua, Choroni, El Limón, La Victoria, Maracay, Puerto Colombia, Rancho Grande Biological Station. BARINAS (1): Pedraza. BOLÍVAR (40): Anacoco, Guri, Kilómetro Ochenta y Ocho, La Centella, La Paragua, Rio Guaniamo. CARABOBO (27): Cachinche, Guigue, Las Trincheras, Mozanga, Pierto Cabello, San Esteban, Tacarigua, Valencia. COJEDES (10): El Pao, La Yagua. FALCON (2): Guarica, Macuquita. LARA (1): Parque Nacional Yacambú. MIRANDA (61): Parque Nacional El Avila, Caracas, Colonia Naiguatá, El Valle, Los Cedros, Ocumare. MONAGAS (6): Jusepín. NUEVA ESPARTA (6): La Asunción, Salamanca. SUCRE (4): Pantoño (7 km N), Peninsula de Parca Macuyo, San Esteban, San Rafael. VARGAS (16): La Güaira. YARACUY (6): Yumare. ZULIA (17): La Soledad, Maracaibo, Puerto Escondido, San Francisco, San Julian. NO DATA (107). NO DATA (47). Temporal Distribution. January (8), February (9), March (17), April (11), May (58), June (73), July (39), August (32), September (42), October (15), November (5), December (12).	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C. (2015): A Revision of the Neotropical Genus Allorrhina Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 69 (1): 91-113, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-69.1.91, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-69.1.91
AD0E87CBBB53FF80FF4CFD6D2F33F957.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Allorrhina scabriuscula is unique among Allorrhina species because it is the only one that has both the pronotum and elytra shiny, almost metallic, as opposed to opaque. Also, it is the only species where the elytral surface mesad and laterad of the discal stria is coarsely and transversely rugose (Figs. 30 – 31) and where the parameres have minute, dense, pale setae in the oval depression on the lateral edge of each paramere (Fig. 34). The variation in body length (18.2 – 29.0 mm) is relatively great.	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C. (2015): A Revision of the Neotropical Genus Allorrhina Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 69 (1): 91-113, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-69.1.91, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-69.1.91
AD0E87CBBB53FF80FF4CFD6D2F33F957.taxon	discussion	Natural History. This is a locally abundant species, and yet nothing is known of its life history. Specimens have been collected in banana and mango traps in French Guiana (Fabrice Lavalette, personal communication, September 2014) and at sap flows, rotting mango, guava tree, and on the trunk of a citrus tree (label data).	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C. (2015): A Revision of the Neotropical Genus Allorrhina Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 69 (1): 91-113, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-69.1.91, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-69.1.91
AD0E87CBBB51FF86FE8DFF4B2F80FED7.taxon	description	(Figs. 35 – 38)	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C. (2015): A Revision of the Neotropical Genus Allorrhina Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 69 (1): 91-113, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-69.1.91, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-69.1.91
AD0E87CBBB51FF86FE8DFF4B2F80FED7.taxon	materials_examined	Lectotype male at ZMHU, labeled: “ Villavicencio, Columbia (sic), 440 m, I – II // soror Mos. // Allorrhina soror Mos., Type, male symbol // Holotype, male symbol, G. Ruter det. 1964, Allorrhina soror Moser ” and with my red lectotype label. Lectoallotype female at ZMHU with same labels except with female symbol and with my red lectoallotype label. Nine paralectotypes at ZMHU, labeled: “ Villavicencio, Columbia (sic) ” and with my yellow paralectotype label. One male and one female paralectotype at MNHN with same labels and my yellow paralectotype labels. Lectotypes examined, designated by Ratcliffe (2004).	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C. (2015): A Revision of the Neotropical Genus Allorrhina Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 69 (1): 91-113, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-69.1.91, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-69.1.91
AD0E87CBBB51FF86FE8DFF4B2F80FED7.taxon	description	Description. Length 17.4 – 22.7 mm; width across humeri 10.3 – 14.2 mm. Clypeus, elytral suture, legs, and venter reddish brown to piceous, shiny. Frons, pronotum, elytra, and pygidium opaque, light to dark reddish brown, lacking cretaceous marks. Setae of venter and legs in males tawny, females with tawny and black setae mixed. Head: Clypeus of males deeply concave, with moderately large, moderately dense, setigerous punctures; setae long, dense, tawny; lateral margins elevated, subparallel, keel-like; clypeal apex with horn short, stout, subquadrate, projecting forward and obliquely upwards, apex weakly emarginate; occipital horn dorso-ventrally flattened, slightly elongate with subparallel sides but not reaching middle of clypeus, subtriangular, with narrowly rounded apex (Fig. 36); frons with short, tawny setae either side of middle in pristine specimens. Clypeus of females not or only weakly concave, densely punctate to rugopunctate, punctures large, with short setae, apex broadly parabolic, strongly reflexed into rounded lobe at center; frons with low, slightly elongated, longitudinal “ horn ” at center, sides subparallel, apex narrowly rounded, barely free. Interocular width equals 6.0 transverse eye diameters. Antenna with 10 antennomeres, club distinctly longer than antennomeres 2 – 7 in males, subequal in length to antennomeres 2 – 7 in females. Pronotum: Surface opaque, with small, sparse punctures near lateral margins. Lateral margins slightly emarginate between middle and basal angle, with complete marginal bead. Elytra: Surface opaque, lacking elevated, parallel costae on disc; suture slightly elevated on apical half. Surface with small, sparse punctures only near apices, apices at suture produced in males, subquadrate to slightly, produced in females. Pygidium: Males with transversely concentric, vermiform strigulae with minute, tawny setae; females similar but setae slightly longer. In lateral view, surface nearly flat to weakly convex in both sexes. Venter: Metasternum punctate on lateral thirds, punctures moderate in size and density, denser and larger on anterior and posterior margins; central third nearly impunctate. Mesometasternal process, in lateral view, moderate in length, parallel to ventral axis of body; in ventral view, sides parallel, apex broadly rounded. Abdominal ventrites 1 – 6 of males with punctures moderate in size and density on lateral thirds, with small, sparse punctures on central third; females with punctures larger, denser, completely covering sternite 6. Legs: Protibia of males slender, unidentate or bidentate near apex, occasionally with slight swelling behind middle suggestive of 3 rd tooth, all but apical tooth usually obsolete. Females with protibia broader, strongly tridentate, basal tooth slightly removed. Parameres: In caudal view, form subrectangular, apices broadly rounded, each with minute, subapical tooth projecting upwards (Figs. 37 – 38). Basal piece about 1.5 times as long as parameres.	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C. (2015): A Revision of the Neotropical Genus Allorrhina Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 69 (1): 91-113, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-69.1.91, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-69.1.91
AD0E87CBBB51FF86FE8DFF4B2F80FED7.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The distribution of A. soror is only partially known since there are so few specimens in collections with reliable data. Locality Records. 31 specimens from AMNH, CASC, FMNH, LACM, MNHN, MZSP, NMPC, and ZMHU. BRAZIL (1). AMAZONAS (1): Benjamin Constant. COLOMBIA (24). META (13): Villavicencio. SANTANDER (8): Umbria, Guines Fluss (Quebrada Las Guines). NO DATA (3). PERU (6). JUNÍN (5): Chanchamayo, Satipo. NO DATA (1). Temporal Distribution. Only three specimens among the 31 studied had any temporal data. August (3).	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C. (2015): A Revision of the Neotropical Genus Allorrhina Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 69 (1): 91-113, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-69.1.91, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-69.1.91
AD0E87CBBB51FF86FE8DFF4B2F80FED7.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Although similar in form and color to A. carmelita (and sympatric in part of its range), A. soror is smaller (17.4 – 22.7 mm versus 19.5 – 28.0 mm). Males are easily distinguished because the occipital tumescence in A. soror is subtriangular to narrowly rounded and does not reach the middle of the clypeus, whereas the horn in A. carmelita is elongate (extending to at least the middle of the clypeus) and with subparallel sides and a weakly to distinctly emarginate apex (compare Figs. 36 and 2). Females can also be distinguished by the short, barely free occipital tumescence in A. soror, while in A. carmelita this area is a low, longitudinal tumescence lacking a free apex. Allorrhina soror is also similar to A. nigerrima. Males of A. soror have an occipital horn that is slightly more elongate and subtriangular to narrowly rounded apically; the tumescence is short and broadly arcuate in both sexes of A. nigerrima (compare Figs. 36 and 26). The club of the antenna is only slightly longer or subequal in length to antennomeres 2 – 7 in females of A. soror, while the club is distinctly longer than antennomeres 2 – 7 in females of A. nigerrima. The lateral margin of the pronotum is slightly emarginate between the middle and basal angle in A. soror and not emarginate in A. nigerrima. These are subtle differences and can best be seen and compared with authoritatively identified specimens. Lastly, the parameres of A. soror are, in caudal view, broadly rounded and not widely separated but broadly separated with acute apices that curve towards one another in A. nigerrima (compare Figs. 37 and 28).	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C. (2015): A Revision of the Neotropical Genus Allorrhina Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 69 (1): 91-113, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-69.1.91, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-69.1.91
AD0E87CBBB51FF86FE8DFF4B2F80FED7.taxon	discussion	Natural History. There is nothing known of the natural history of this beetle.	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C. (2015): A Revision of the Neotropical Genus Allorrhina Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 69 (1): 91-113, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-69.1.91, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-69.1.91
AD0E87CBBB56FF87FD77FEF92FC3FBBF.taxon	description	(Figs. 39 – 41)	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C. (2015): A Revision of the Neotropical Genus Allorrhina Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 69 (1): 91-113, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-69.1.91, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-69.1.91
AD0E87CBBB56FF87FD77FEF92FC3FBBF.taxon	materials_examined	Lectotype male at ZMHU, labeled: “ Rio Verde / Goyaz Brésil // Allorrhina tridentata Mos. / Type, male symbol // G. Ruter det. 1964 / Allorrhina tridentata Moser, Holotype, male symbol ” and with my red lectotype label. Lectoallotype female at ZMHU with same labels except with female symbol and with my red lectoallotype label. Two paralectotypes at ZMHU with same locality data and with my yellow paralectotype labels. Lectotypes examined, designated by Ratcliffe (2004).	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C. (2015): A Revision of the Neotropical Genus Allorrhina Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 69 (1): 91-113, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-69.1.91, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-69.1.91
AD0E87CBBB56FF87FD77FEF92FC3FBBF.taxon	description	Description. Length 15.2 – 20.0 mm; width across humeri 9.1 – 12.0 mm. Dorsum dark green (head black in 1 specimen) to blackish green, or almost black with greenish reflection, lacking cretaceous marks; head and pygidium weakly shiny, pronotum and elytra opaque with shiny punctures. Venter and legs dark green or reddish brown with greenish reflections, shiny, lacking cretaceous marks. Setae of venter and legs cream-white in males, tawny in females. Head: Frons and clypeus of males weakly concave either side of center, with dense punctures moderate in size, setigerous; setae short to moderately long in pristine specimens, sparse, tawny. Each lateral margin broadly explanate; clypeal apex subtruncate with small, rounded to subquadrate, reflexed prominence at center. Males with occipital horn a low, longitudinal ridge with apex barely free. Frons and clypeus of females similar but usually lacking longitudinal tumescence at center. Interocular width equals 5.0 – 6.0 transverse eye diameters. Antenna with 10 antennomeres, club subequal in length to entire stem in males, slightly shorter in females. Pronotum: Surface opaque, with small, sparse, round, shiny punctures on disc, punctures becoming moderate in size to large, denser, ocellate, and crescent-shaped to transversely vermiform on sides and in angles. Lateral margins slightly emarginate between middle and basal angle, with complete, shiny marginal bead. Elytra: Surface opaque, with 2 slightly elevated, parallel costae on disc, costae terminating at apical umbone. Disc with 5 distinct, incomplete rows of punctures; punctures moderate size, horseshoe-shaped, ocellate, shiny. Apices at suture weakly, angularly produced. Pygidium: Surface densely, transversely rugulose, with minute, tawny setae in pristine specimens. In lateral view, surface nearly flat in males to weakly convex in females. Venter: Metasternum on lateral thirds with large, transverse, vermiform punctures, center third nearly impunctate. Mesometasternal process, in lateral view, short, parallel to ventral axis of body; in ventral view, sides parallel, apex broadly rounded. Abdominal ventrites 1 – 6 of males with a few, small punctures on lateral margins, females with punctures slightly denser on ventrites 5 – 6. Legs: Protibia in both sexes tridentate, basal tooth weakly to strongly removed. Parameres: In caudal view, form subrectangular, apices broadly rounded, a small tooth before apex (Figs. 40 – 41). Basal piece subequal in length to parameres.	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C. (2015): A Revision of the Neotropical Genus Allorrhina Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 69 (1): 91-113, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-69.1.91, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-69.1.91
AD0E87CBBB56FF87FD77FEF92FC3FBBF.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Allorrhina tridentata occurs in south-central Brazil. Locality Records. 53 specimens from BMNH, MNHN, RMNH, ZMHU, and ZSMC. BRAZIL (53). GOIÁS (48): Campinas, Jatahy (Jataí), Leopoldo de Bulhões, Mineiros, Rio Verde, No data. MATO GROSSO (4): Chapada dos Guimarães, Cuiabá. NO DATA (1). Temporal Distribution. January (1), November (1). All the specimens studied are old and without dates of collection. Like other species of Allorrhina that occur in this same area, adult activity is primarily during November through January.	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C. (2015): A Revision of the Neotropical Genus Allorrhina Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 69 (1): 91-113, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-69.1.91, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-69.1.91
AD0E87CBBB56FF87FD77FEF92FC3FBBF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Allorrhina tridentata is opaque and dark green to nearly black with greenish reflections on its pronotum and elytra and lacks any cretaceous marks. The club of the antenna is longer than in other species in the genus, and the basal piece of the genitalia is much shorter than in other species of the genus (subequal in length to the parameres) (Fig. 41). In all other species, the basal piece is one and a half or twice as long as the parameres (e. g., Fig. 34). Males have only weak armature on the head.	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C. (2015): A Revision of the Neotropical Genus Allorrhina Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 69 (1): 91-113, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-69.1.91, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-69.1.91
AD0E87CBBB56FF87FD77FEF92FC3FBBF.taxon	discussion	Natural History. Nothing is known of the life history of A. tridentata.	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C. (2015): A Revision of the Neotropical Genus Allorrhina Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini). The Coleopterists Bulletin 69 (1): 91-113, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-69.1.91, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-69.1.91
