taxonID	type	description	language	source
AD38C73DB91CFFC3FF70EEF5FB0EEAD0.taxon	description	(Figures 7, 53, 98, 144, 190, 237, Appendix)	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB91CFFC3FF70EEF5FB0EEAD0.taxon	materials_examined	Type information: Holotype M, GREECE: Kriti, Lefka Ori, Linoseli above Xiloskalo, 1600 – 1800 m, 5.8.1973; 5 M, 1 F paratypes (CW). Material examined: Holotype and paratypes.	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB91CFFC3FF70EEF5FB0EEAD0.taxon	distribution	Distribution: It is restricted to a small area in the western part of the island of Crete.	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB91CFFC3FF70EC7CFCCCEB77.taxon	description	(Figures 6, 52, 97, 143, 189, 237, Appendix)	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB91CFFC3FF70EC7CFCCCEB77.taxon	materials_examined	Type information: Holotype M, ISRAEL: W. Karkara (= Nahal Bezet), Ober- Galiläa (Department of Entomology, University of Jerusalem, Israel: OR 9840), 2 F paratypes. Material examined: ISRAEL: 2 M, 2 F, Nahalal, 28.4.1970 (Ayal et al.) (NHM); 1 F, Naharya, 19.6.1952 (G. A. Mavromoustakis) (NHM); 1 M, Metulla, 6.8.1969 (Broza et al.) (HUJDE); 1 M, Yokneam, 227 / 158, 17.5.1972 (M. P. Pener et al.) (HUJDE); 1 M, Givat Olga, 17.5.1972 (M. P. Pener & Y. Ayal) (HUJDE); 1 M, 2 F, Mus Mus (W. Ara), 16.5.1972 (M. P. Pener & Y. Ayal) (HUJDE); 1 M, W. Iron (Ara Cross), 16.5.1972 (M. P. Pener & Y. Ayal) (HUJDE); 2 F, Merom, Mowlain, 13.6.1970 (Y. Ayal et al.) (HUJDE); 1 F, 2 km S of Daliizya, 17.5.1972 (M. P. Pener & Y. Ayal) (HUJDE). Other published localities: Kaltenbach (1974).	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB91CFFC3FF70EC7CFCCCEB77.taxon	distribution	Distribution: It is known from Israel in southern Levant.	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB91AFFC5FF70EEC0FC2BEAC3.taxon	description	(Figures 8, 99, 145, 237, Appendix)	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB91AFFC5FF70EEC0FC2BEAC3.taxon	materials_examined	Type information: Holotype M, GREECE: Kriti, Idi Oros, Kameras-Kolita, Skaronero 1650 m, 28.7.1973 (F. Willemse c. s.) (CW). Material examined: Holotype.	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB91AFFC5FF70EEC0FC2BEAC3.taxon	distribution	Distribution: It is restricted to a small area in central Crete.	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB918FFD8FF70EEB7FC2DE9BC.taxon	description	(Figures 10, 55, 101, 147, 191, 231, 234, 237, Appendix)	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB918FFD8FF70EEB7FC2DE9BC.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: TURKEY: Adana: type (Syntype) 1 M, Gülek pass (Gülek im Taurus) (Lederer) (ZMB); 3 F, Adana, Kozan, Horzum Köyü, 15.7.1997 (B. Çıplak) (AUZM); 2 F, Toros Daǧları, Gülek Boǧazı, 23.8.1976 (S. Salman) (NHM); Mersin: 1 M, 1 F, Gözne Yaylası, 24.8.1974 (S. Salman) (NHM); 1 M, Mersin, Erdemli, Güzeloluk yolu, Eser kuyusu yöresi, 650 m, 30.8.1977 (B. Çıplak) (AUZM); 6 M, 6 F, Soǧucak Yaylası, 800 m, 13.7.1997 (B. Çıplak) (AUZM); 4 M, 1 F, Soǧucak Yaylası, 1100 m, 13.7.1997 (B. Çıplak) (AUZM); 4 M, 4 F, Gözne, 1020 m, 17.6.1995 (B. Çıplak) (AUZM); 6 M, 4 F, Sebil Köyü, 1100 m, 14.7.1997 (B. Çıplak) (AUZM); 2 M, 3 F, Tarsus, Gülek, 300 m, 15.6.1995 (B. Çıplak) (AUZM); 1 M, 5 F, Çamlıyayla, Darıpınarı, 1100 m, 15.7.1997 (B. Çıplak) (AUZM); 2 F, Alanyalı Köyü, 1200 m, 14.7.1997 (B. Çıplak) (AUZM); 2 F, Çamlıyayla, 1400 m, 14.7.1997 (B. Çıplak) (AUZM); 2 M, Çamlıyayla, 14.7.1997 (B. Çıplak) (AUZM); 1 F, Çamlıyayla, 1450 m, 12.7.1997 (B. Çıplak) (AUZM); Gözne Yaylası, 24.8.1974, 1 F (S. Salman) (AUZM); 4 M, 2 F, unterhalb Güzeloluk (22 km von Erdemli) (36 ° 44 ' N, 34 ° 9 ' E), 1000 m, 6.7.2002 (K. - G. Heller) (CH) (sound record); 4 M, unterhalb Güzeloluk, bei Arslanlı (36 ° 41 ' N, 34 ° 11 ' E), 500 m, 6.7.2002 (K. - G. Heller) (CH) (sound record); 4 M, 4 F, 2 km N of Aydinlar, 850 m, 5.8.1979 (CW); Nigde: 2 M, 2 F, 10 km Z van Camardi, 1300 m, 11.8.1983 (H. v. Oorschot, H. v. d. Brink & H. Wiering) (CW). Other published localities: Salman (1983), Naskrecki & Ünal (1995).	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB918FFD8FF70EEB7FC2DE9BC.taxon	distribution	Distribution: The main range of the species is the Mersin province of Turkey, but it also extends to the western part of Adana and the south / eastern part of Nigde provinces in eastern Mediterranean Anatolia. The record of a female from Turkey, Ankara Province, Kavaklıdere, 1930 (leg. Sureya Bey) (Salman 1983) is possibly a mislabelling or a confusion of the locality labels since this species does not occur outside the Mediterranean part of Anatolia. Similarly, the sibling species E. marashensis was described (Salman, 1983) long after the publication by Karabag (1958) and the record of E. annulipes from Maras by O. K. Gulen also possibly refers to E. marashensis. Again, Karabag (1958; p. 57 as coll. Br.) reported this species from Mugla, Fethiye with an unknown number of specimens a locality not mentioned in Salman (1983). However as E. annulipes only occurs in the eastern part of Mediterranean Anatolia, the record from Mugla may in fact refer to E. krueperi or E. smyrnensis which are known from this area.	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB907FFDAFF70ECA2FE5FEF2D.taxon	description	(Figures 11, 56, 102, 148, 192, 234, 237, Appendix)	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB907FFDAFF70ECA2FE5FEF2D.taxon	materials_examined	Type information: Holotype M; TURKEY, Kahramanmaraş, Andırın, Kaleboyu Köyü, 1450 m, 8.8.1976 (S. Salman); 1 F paratype, same locality (both NHM) Material examined: TURKEY: Kahramanmaraş: Holotype and paratype; Adana: 1 M (holotype of E. raggei), Kozan, Sirkinti, Kızılhöyük Ormanları, 20.8.1976 (S: Salman) (NHM); 1 M, 1 F (nymph) Feke, Gürleşen Köyü, 700 m, 15.7.1997; 2 M, 2 F (nymphs), Kozan, Horzum kuzeyi, 600 m, 15.7.1997 (B. Çıplak) (AUZM); 2 F (1 F nymph), Kozan, Horzum, 17.7.1997 (B. Çıplak) (AUZM); 1 F, Kozan-Feke karayolu 5. km, 15.7.1997 (B. Çıplak) (AUZM); 2 M, Saimbeyli, road between Saimbeyli-Tufanbeyli, 5 km from Saimbeyli, 1255 m, 19.7.2005, N 38 ° 01.322 ', E 036 ° 06.337 ' (B. Ciplak, D. Sirin & M. S. Taylan) (in alcohol) (AUZM) (sound record); Kayseri: 1 M, 4 F (nymphs) Saimbeyli-Develi yolu, 1950 m, 16.7.1997 (B. Çıplak); (AUZM). Other known localities: Ünal (2006; as Eupholidoptera raggei);	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB907FFDAFF70ECA2FE5FEF2D.taxon	distribution	Distribution: The range of this species covers the western part of the Kahramanmaras and east / northeastern part of Adana provinces of Turkey in Eastern Mediterranean Turkey.	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB907FFDAFF70ECA2FE5FEF2D.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Both E. marashensis and E. raggei were described by Salman (1983) from neighbouring areas in the eastern part of Mediterranean Anatolia (Adana and Kahramanmaras provinces) and diagnosed according to the size of the titillators. Recently collected material from an area between the two type localities of E. marashensis and E. raggei (Saimbeyli-Adana) showed intermediate characteristics. Thus, both names are assumed to in fact represent a single species. Since in the original descriptions both male and female of E. marashensis were described but of E. raggei only the male, the first name is retained and the second is placed in synonymy with the first. Eupholidoptera uvarovi (Karaba ğ, 1952) (Figures 12, 57, 103, 149, 193, 233, 234, 237, Appendix)	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB907FFDAFF70ECA2FE5FEF2D.taxon	materials_examined	Type information: Holotype M, GREECE, Dodecanese, Island of Karpathos, Lastos, 600 m, 21.7.1950 (P. H. Davis); paratapes from the same (3 M, 4 F) and another locality (1 F) (all NHM). Material examined: GREECE, Island of Karpathos: Holotype and paratypes; Paratype 1 F, Phiniki, 27.7.1950 (P. H. Davis) (NHM); Chamili-Sattel bei Volada, 15 – 18.6.1935 & Lastros Gebirge, 15.6.1935, O. Wettstein, Pholidoptera chabrieri Charp. det. Werner (1 M 1 F NMW, 1 F CW); 4 M, Lefkos (35 ° 35 ' N, 27 ° 4 ' E), 15 – 20.5.2005, (K. - G. Heller, M. Heller, M. Volleth) (CH) (sound record); 2 F, Lefkos: Umg. Römische Zisterne (35 ° 35 ' N, 27 ° 4 ' E), 15.5.2005, (M. Heller, M. Volleth) (CH); 3 M, 1 F, Mt. Lastos, 100 m below summit (35 ° 34 ' N, 27 ° 9 ' E), 900 m, 19.5.2005, (K. - G. & M. Heller, M. Volleth, E. Wolter) (CH) (sound record).	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB907FFDAFF70ECA2FE5FEF2D.taxon	distribution	Distribution: This species is endemic to the island of Karpathos in the southern Aegean.	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB907FFDAFF70ECA2FE5FEF2D.taxon	discussion	Remarks: This species was originally described as Pholidoptera (Eupholidoptera) uvarovi by Karabaǧ (1952 b). Later, Harz (1969) transferred it to Uvarovistia and established the new subgenus Karabagia to include this species since the last 2 – 3 abdominal tergits of E. uvarovi are black as in Uvarovistia. However, other features of the species, especially those of the male subgenital plate and cerci, are similar to the species of the E. chabrieri group. Thus, this species is included in Eupholidoptera as suggested in the original description (Karabaǧ, 1952 b).	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB905FFDAFF70EA3CFAE3E903.taxon	description	(Figures 9, 54, 100, 146, 237, Appendix)	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB905FFDAFF70EA3CFAE3E903.taxon	materials_examined	Type information: Holotype M, TURKEY: Hatay Province, Samandaǧ, Maǧaracık, 10 – 30 m, (M. Ünal & P. Naskrecki); Paratypes 1 M, 6 nymphs, same data as holotype (holotype and 3 nymphs in Centre of Entomological Research Society, Ankara, Turkey and 1 M, 3 nymphs in Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology of Connecticut, Storrs, USA). During this study the type material was not available; however, the description by Ünal & Naskrecki (2002) provided sufficient information.	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB905FFDAFF70EA3CFAE3E903.taxon	distribution	Distribution: It is known from Hatay province of Turkey in the southern most Mediterranean part.	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB905FFDAFF70EC21FE2AEAD5.taxon	description	(Figures 13, 58, 104, 150, 194, 237, 238, 240; Appendix)	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB905FFDAFF70EC21FE2AEAD5.taxon	materials_examined	Type information: Holotype M, ISRAEL (“ PALESTINE ”), Tiberias, 17.4.1937 (A. Grünberg) Collecting data on label (17.4.1937) different from that in description (27.4.1931). 1 F paratypus, Nahr es Zerka, coastal zone (NHM). Material examined: ISRAEL (“ PALESTINE ”): Holotype and paratype 1 F; ISRAEL / PALESTINE: 4 M, 2 F, Tiberias, 17.5.1939 (J. Palmoni) (NHM); 1 M, 1 F, Tiberias, 18 – 27.5.1967 (C. A. W. Jeekel) (CW); 1 M, East Bank - Jordan, Lake Genezareth, 620 ft. below sea level, 1938 (J. Palmoni) (NHM) (as Pholidoptera ledereri hebraea subsp. n.; det. B. P. Uvarov; type labels); 1 M, Palestina, 7 km S of Massada, 23.5.1970 (Y. Ayal et al.) (HUJDE); 1 M, Golan Heights, Sivudiave near Tel Haufin, 19.7.1971 (Y. Ayal) (HUJDE); 1 F, Mergar-Am, 27.5.1971 (Y. Ayal & Shalmon) (HUJDE); 1 F, N. Poriye Cross, 19.4.1970 (M. P. Pener et al.) (HUJDE); 2 F, Golan Heights, 10 km east of the Customs, 31.5.1969 (Y. Ayal) (HUJDE); 1 M, 1 F, Golan Heights, 10 km east of the Customs, 31.5.1969 (Y. Ayal) (NHM) (labelled as Eupholidoptera blondheimi sp. n. under description, but the only difference is the rounded incision between the processes of male anal tergite that is quadrangular in E. palaestinensis). Other published localities: Kaltenbach (1969), Katbeh-Bader & Massa (2001), Mahasneh & Katbeh- Bader (2004). For ecological consideration see Ayal et al. (1999).	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB905FFDAFF70EC21FE2AEAD5.taxon	distribution	Distribution: The range of this species is located in the southern part of the Levant in the territories of Palestine and Israel.	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB903FFDDFF70EEDEFBD8EC05.taxon	description	(Figures 14, 59, 105, 151, 195, 237, Appendix)	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB903FFDDFF70EEDEFBD8EC05.taxon	materials_examined	Type information: Holotype M, ISRAEL (“ PALESTINE ”), Nazaret, 15.6.1921 (P. A. Buxton), paratypes 3 F, same data and 1 F, other date (NHM). Material examined: PALESTINE / ISRAEL: Holotype and paratypes; 1 M, 2 F, Palestine (ZMB); 1 M, 1 F, Yalbura, Mt. Gilbaci, 16.5.1972 (M. P. Pener & Y. Ayal) (HUJDE); 2 M, Me-Ammi, 20.4.1972 (Y. Ayal) (HUJDE); 2 M, 1 F, HaSolelim, 23.5.1970 (Y. Ayal et al.) (1 M NHM, others HUJDE); 2 F, Nazaret, 5 km SW of Lagauth, 23.5.1970 (Y. Ayal et al.) (HUJDE). Other published localities: Kaltenbach (1974). For ecological consideration see Ayal et al. (1999).	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB903FFDDFF70EEDEFBD8EC05.taxon	distribution	Distribution: It is known from the southern part of Levant, Palestine and Israel.	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB902FFDDFF70E924FF5BE9D7.taxon	description	(Figures 15, 60, 106, 152, 196, 237, Appendix)	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB902FFDDFF70E924FF5BE9D7.taxon	materials_examined	Type information: Syntypes 1 M, 1 F, LEBANON, Beirut (“ Aus Beirut in Herrn Lederer‘s Sammlung ”) (NMW).	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB902FFDDFF70E924FF5BE9D7.taxon	discussion	Remarks: This species is only known from the type material from Beirut (though Ramme (1951) wrote Syria be the range) and two males from Lebanon and Israel (Massa, 1999; see also Katbeh-Bader & Massa 2001). The differences between Eupholidoptera palaestinensis Ramme (1939) and E. ledereri are not distinct and E. ledereri hebraea was originally described by Uvarov (1939) using type material of E. palaestinensis. However, Ramme (1951) accepted both taxa as separate species. Based on specimens examined and data from previous studies it appears that both taxa are diagnosed by two characters: the location of the tooth of the cerci (prebasally in E. ledereri and basally in E. palaestinensis) and the curvature of the unfused parts of the apical arms of the titillators (outward in E. ledereri and inward in E. palaestinensis). However, examined material of E. palaestinensis showed that these characters may be variable; e. g. the cercal tooth is sometimes not located just at base (slightly backwards) and the apical arms of the titillators are not distinctly incurved as in the figures given in original description (Ramme, 1939). Thus, there may be clinal variations in these characters and both taxa may in fact belong to a single species with Thamnotrizon ledereri Fieber, 1861 having priority. However, a proper decision requires further material from the type localities and the whole range of both species.	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB902FFDEFF70ED15FD37EFEC.taxon	description	(Figures 16, 61, 107, 153, 197, 237, Appendix)	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB902FFDEFF70ED15FD37EFEC.taxon	materials_examined	Type information: Holotype M, SYRIA, Abde, 19.5.1935 (F. Werner) (NHW); Paratype 1 M, same data as holotype; Paratype 1 M (labelled as “ Typus von chabrieri II ”) (ZMB). Material examined: Paratype 1 M (ZMB).	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB902FFDEFF70ED15FD37EFEC.taxon	distribution	Distribution: This species is known only from the type material from Syria, Lebanon and Jordan.	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB902FFDEFF70ED15FD37EFEC.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Ramme (1951) described E. werneri from Abde, Syria. The description was based only on males and the original description only lists males (holotype, paratype) under material examined. Although Ramme did not mention any female there is a figure of a female subgenital plate in Ramme (1951: p. 202). In NHW there are two more specimens of E. werneri: (1 F with the 4 labels (i – iv) (i) coll. Br. V. W. = coll Lederer, Beirut; (ii) 1874; (iii) 1874 Chabrieri nach Fieber, and (iv) Eupholidoptera werneri Rme, Ramme det.; 1 M with 2 labels (i – ii); (i) Saida Oberthuer, Coll. B. v. W, and (ii) Eupholidoptera werneri Rme, Ramme det.) (Susanne Randolf; personal communication) which were identified as E. werneri by Ramme, though not mentioned in the original description. Salman (1983) reported this species from South Anatolia (Hatay) assuming to describe the female for the first time (but see above). Later, Naskrecki & Ünal (1995) reported six juveniles and two males assigned to E. werneri from the same province of Turkey. However, later Salman (personal communication) decided that the specimens from South Anatolia (Hatay) which he identified as E. werneri in fact did belong to a new species (After examination of 2 males and 2 females of these specimens we support his opinion) and the occurrence of E. werneri in Turkey remains doubtful. The specimens from Naskrecki & Ünal (1995) were used to describe E. akdeniz Ünal & Naskrecki, 2002. E. werneri and E. cypria are two closely related species both of which are described in the same publication by Ramme, 1951. Salman (1983) described the mainland population of E. cypria from Hatay, Turkey as a separate subspecies (E. cypria turcica) and this subspecies was later recorded from Latakia, Syria (see above). The main differences between E. werneri and its close relative E. cypria are the shape of female subgenital plate (compare Figures 197, 198) and the long unfused apical arms of the titillators (compare Figures 153 and 154). Since there were no females of E. werneri available during this study it was not possible to determine if the female subgenital plates are different as figured by Ramme (1951). Since Ramme (1951) described both E. cypria and E. werneri in the same publication the second species is treated here on the basis of his figures and description. However, the confirmation of E. werneri as a distinct separate species requires new material from the type locality.	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB901FFDEFF70EB72FD03EAE3.taxon	description	(Figures 17, 62, 108, 154, 198, 234, 237, Appendix)	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB901FFDEFF70EB72FD03EAE3.taxon	materials_examined	Type information: Holotype F, CYPRUS (« Cypern »): Agios Joannis 4000 ft, 9.1930, Mavromoustakis (ZMB). Material examined: CYPRUS: Holotype 1 M; 3 M, 4 F, Agios Andreas, Kyrenia dist., 6.7.1952 (A. R. Waterston); 3 M, 3 F, Agios Andreas, Kyrenia dist., 19.6.1952 (A. R. Waterston); 1 M, 1 F, Mesopotamus, Mt. Troodos, 3000 ft., 7.1949 (G. A. Mavromoustakis); 1 F, Mesopotamus, Troodos Mt., 5500 ft., 13.8.1948 (G. A. Mavromoustakis); 1 F, Saettas, 8.1949 (G. A. Mavromoustakis); 1 F, Myztus, Zakaki Meadow, 27.6.1945 (G. A. Mavromoustakis); 4 F, Phasoion, 6.7.1925 (G. A. Mavromoustakis); 1 M (nymph) Akamas, 31.5.1946 (G. A. Mavromoustakis); 1 F, Mandria, 2500 ft., 26.7.1937 (G. A. Mavromoustakis); 1 M, Limasol, 5.6.1926 (G. A. Mavromoustakis); 5 M, 19 F, Cyprus, Crete (?), nr. Asomatos, 4.7.1937 (G. A. Mavromoustakis) (possibly ‘ Crete’ here indicates a locality in Cyprus, not in the island of Crete since this species not known there; Willemse & Heller 2001) (all previous NHM); 1 M (nymph), Paphos, Anarita (34 ° 45 ' N, 32 ° 32 ' E), 28.4.2001 (K. - G. Heller) (CH); 1 M, Paphos, Farangi Avgas (34 ° 55 ' N, 32 ° 22 ' E), 24.4.2001 (K. - G. Heller) (CH) (sound record); 1 M, 1 F, Paphos, Polis: Umg. Neo Chorio (35 ° 1 ' N, 32 ° 20 ' E), 26.4.2001 (K. - G. Heller) (CH) (sound record); 2 F, Lemesos, Chandria (34 ° 57 ' N, 33 ° 0 ' E), 26.4.2001 (K. - G. Heller) (CH); 1 M, 1 F, O v. Kirenia, 1.6.1971 (M. J. & J. P. Duffels) (CW). SYRIA: 1 M, 1 F, North of Latakia, 850 m, 35 º 51 ’ N, 35 º 58 ’ E 1 – 3.8.1953 (K. Christiansen) (NHM); TURKEY: 7 M, Hatay, Yayladaǧı, Kışlak Köyü, 730 m, 18.6.1995; 1 M, 1 F, Dursunlu Köyü, 100 m, 18.6.1995 (B. Çıplak) (both AUZM). Other published localities: Salman (1983), Massa (1994), Tumbrinck (2006), Ünal (2006).	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB901FFDEFF70EB72FD03EAE3.taxon	distribution	Distribution: This species is represented in Cyprus, Turkey and Syria. The mainland part of the range covers the most southern part of Turkey (Gaziantep and Hatay provinces) and nearby territories of Syria (Latakia).	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB901FFDEFF70EB72FD03EAE3.taxon	discussion	Remarks: The most important autapomorphies of Eupholidoptera cypria are the typical triangular and apically pointed lobes of female subgenital plate. Salman (1983) discovered a population possessing this typical characteristic in Turkey and described it as a different subspecies (Eupholidoptera cypria turcica Salman, 1983: 328). During this study some specimens from Latakia, Syria showing characteristics of the Anatolian population were examined in NHM.	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB90FFFD1FF70EE80FDCCEAA7.taxon	description	(Figures 18, 63, 109, 155, 199, 231, 234, 237, Appendix)	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB90FFFD1FF70EE80FDCCEAA7.taxon	materials_examined	Type information (= Material examined): Holotype 1 M, TURKEY: Antalya, Alanya, Mahmutlar, road to Taşkent, 630 m, 17.7.2005, N 36 º 30.199 ', E 032 º 10.388 ' (B. Ciplak, D. Sirin & M. S. Taylan) (in alcohol) (sound record) (AUZM: Akdeniz University, Department of Biology, Zoological Museum, Antalya, Turkey); allotype 1 F, Antalya, Alanya, Road to Sarıveliler, Ali yaka, Civandere village, 475 m, 17.7.2005, N 36 º 41.984 ', E 032 º 30.740 ' (B. Ciplak, D. Sirin & M. S. Taylan) (in alcohol); paratype 1 M, Antalya, Alanya, Avsallar (B. Çiplak); further paratypes 2 M, 5 F, Antalya, Gazipaşa, Maha Yaylası, 1600 m, 12.7.1997 (AUZM).	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB90FFFD1FF70EE80FDCCEAA7.taxon	description	Description (male, holotype): In general appearance very similar to E. chabrieri and other closely related species in this group. Fastigium of vertex wide, roughly three times as wide as scapus; pronotum long and cylindrical as in the genus; tegmina largely concealed by pronotum or slightly extending beyond its hind margin. Last abdominal tergite (Figure 63) with two long and apically outcurved spine-like processes, with a wide and deep incision medially at hind margin and with a depressed membranous part above incision; cercus (Figure 19) thick in the basal half and narrowing in the distal half, with a proximally thick and distally pointed tooth located just at base. Subgenital plate (Figure 109) with a deep incision reaching to half of its length in middle; there is a protuberance on each margin of the incision caudally, apical lobes wide on inner sides of styli; two spines located side by side at base of each stylus ventrally; titillators (Figure 155) large, basal arms curved into apical arms with an angle of less than 90 0, apical arms fused at proximal part and gradually but distinctly getting wider towards unfused parts forming distinct wing-like lateral expansions; unfused parts long and divergent distalwards, in lateral view roundly curved frontwards. Colouration: Brown with black or blackish pattern, there are two curved black stripes on face. Paranota with limited large black spot except light creamish margins, caudal margins of pronotum bear a narrow black stripe; tegmina black except dirty-white costal and subcostal areas. Hind femur with a black stripe on inner and outer sides. Last abdominal tergite shining black with a brown membranous part medially, cercus dark brown. Ovipositor brown. Female (paratype): Subgenital plate (Figure 199) unmodified, relatively short, slightly narrowing toward apex, with a triangular incision at hind margin, apical lobes pointed and slightly outcurved; ovipositor long, weakly upcurved in whole length. Bioacoustics: Song produced by the holotype was recorded in a room (temperature 25 o C); (D. Sirin - 2005 S 199). The song was similar to that of other Eupholidoptera species. It consisted of isolated syllables produced in long series with the opening hemisyllable much shorter and softer than the closing hemisyllable. Syllable duration varied between 41 and 66 ms (m = 52 ms; n = 28) and syllable period between 314 – 649 ms (( m = 368 ms; n = 26) at 25 ºC (details see Figures 231, 234 and Table 1). Measurements: body- male 22 – 25, female 22 – 26; pronotum- male 9 – 11, female 9.2 – 10.1; tegmina- male 0.2 – 1; hind femur- male 22 – 25, female 24 – 27; ovipositor- 18 – 22. Habitat: Specimens were found in shrub vegetation in Mediterranean Anatolia. It was observed in lush bushes (e. g. Rubus) near water sources and high fern or thorny bush vegetation (Lavandula, Thymus, Cistus, Genista) along the maquis formation.	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB90FFFD1FF70EE80FDCCEAA7.taxon	distribution	Distribution: It is known from the western part of the Antalya province of Turkey in the central part of Mediterranean Anatolia. Probably the Eupholidoptera specimens from Anamur, recorded by Nadig (1991) as E. cypria turcica, belong to the new species. Differential diagnose: Eupholidoptera helina sp. n. is similar to E. cypria and to some extent E. smyrnensis in structure of the male anal tergit, cercus, female subgenital plate, ovipositor and colouration. It is especially similar to E. cypria in the structure of the titillators. The new species differs from E. cypria and E. smyrnensis by the titillators having the apical arms narrow at base and gradually widening towards the apex and its long-divergent unfused parts (unfused parts are relatively short in E. cypria), short and wide female subgenital plate and its out-curved apical lobes (not out-curved in E. cypria and E. smyrnensis). In the new species, contrary to E. cypria the processes of the male anal tergite are longer and distinctly divergent. The species may possibly be distinguished from its close relatives, E. cypria and E. smyrnensis, by song parameters, especially the syllable repetition rate (see Figure 240).	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB90FFFD1FF70EE80FDCCEAA7.taxon	etymology	Etymology: Named after the daughter of the first author, Miss Helin CIPLAK, who missed her father during the long periods of field studies.	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB90DFFEAFF70ED91FBB6EAE3.taxon	description	(Figures 19, 64, 110, 156, 200, 234, 237, Appendix)	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB90DFFEAFF70ED91FBB6EAE3.taxon	materials_examined	Type information: Unknown number of syntypes M and F, Makedonia, Bosphorus, Smyrna, Beirut (NMW, ZMB). Material examined: TURKEY: Izmir: Syntypes 1 M, 1 F, Efes (Ephesus) (Brunner) (ZMB); 1 F, Sevdikoi b. Izmir (Seydikoy-Izmir) (Labaume, S. G.) (ZMB); 6 M, 10 F, Bergama-kinik, 12 km W, 50 m, 18.7.1979 (L. Willemse & G. Ramaekers) (CW); 3 M, 3 F, Ephesus ruins, 50 m, 21.7.1979 (L. Willemse & G. Ramaekers) (CW); 1 M, Smyrna (Izmir) (NHM); 5 F, Smyrna (Izmir), Menemen, 1930 (Sureya Bey) (NHM); 4 M, 3 F, Selçuk, Efes, 200 m, 10.8.1988 (D. Sirin & M. S. Taylan) (AUZM); 1 M, 1 F, Kemalpasa, Nif Dagi, 784 m, 29.6.2006, N 38 ° 23.904, E 027 ° 24.966 (D. Sirin & M. S. Taylan) (in alcohol) (AUZM); 1 M, Teos (ca. 5 km wsw Seferihisar) (38 ° 10 ' N, 26 ° 46 ' E), 20 m, 12.6.2000 (K. - G. Heller) (CH) (sound record); Mugla: 1 M, Güllük (37 ° 14 ' N, 27 ° 36 ' E), 6.4.1987 (M. Gebhardt) (CH); 2 M, Hisarönü (ca. 12 km wsw Marmaris) (36 ° 47 ' N, 28 ° 8 ' E), 2 m, 8.6.2000 (K. - G. Heller) (CH) (sound record); 2 M, Patara (36 ° 15 ' N, 29 ° 20 ' E), 20 m, 5.6.2000 (K. - G. Heller) (CH); Aydin: 2 M, 3 F, Miletus ruins, 100 m, 25.7.1979 (L. Willemse & G. Ramaekers) (CW); 4 F, Paşayayla, 1100 m, 17.7.1988 (AUZM); Manisa: 1 F, Manisa dag b. Manisa, 10 – 11.8.1937 (W. Ramme) (ZMB); Balikesir: 1 M, 2 F, Edremit Yolu, Dereören, Eǧmir Köyü Kavşaǧı, 150 m, 13.7.1996; Savaştepe, Soma Yolu 5. km, 350 m, 14.7.1996, 1 F (B. Çıplak) (AUZM); Bursa: N. W. Anatolien, Bandirma b. Brussa, 8.1937 (W. Ramme) (ZMB); 1 F, Karacabey, 1932; (D. Wichgraf) (ZMB); 1 M, Uludag, 500 m, 8.7.1962 (K. M. Guichard & D. H. Harvey) (NHM); İstanbul: 1 F, Bebek, 5.10.1953 (M. Burr) (NHM); 1 M, Kilyos Yöresi, 19.7.1977, (S. Salman) (AUZM); 1 F, Bosphorus, Rumelihisari, 21.7.1951 (NHM); 2 M and 1 F, Rumelihisar, 15.9.1940 (M. Burr); 1 F, Bosphorus, Bebek (Istanbul), 21.9.1951 (NHM); 2 M, Bosphorus, Buyukdere, 100 ft, 18.9.1959 (K. M. Guichard) (NHM); Izmit: 1 F, Gebze, Darıca, 20.8.1969, (A. Koçak) (NHM); Çanakkale: 2 M, Gallipoli (Gelibolu), 1.6 – 10.8.1923 (M. J. Martin) (NHM); Edirne: 1 F, 4 – 6 km ESE of Edirne, 14.7.1979 (L. Willemse & G. Ramaekers) (CW); 2 M, 1 F, 3 km westl. Havsa (41 ° 34 ' N, 26 ° 47 ' E), 20 – 21.7.1983 (K. - G. Heller) (CH) (sound record); GREECE: Specimens from Greek mainland see Willemse (1984), Çıplak et al. (2007). Central Greece: Evia: 2 M, 1 F, Kiavisi, (probably Kriavrisi) 25.7 – 5.9.1959 (Imp. Coll. Exp.) (NHM); 1 M, Karistos, 27.7.1996 (C. Monnerat) (see Monnerat et al. 1999) (CW); Aegean Islands: Kikladhes: 4 M, 1 F, Tzia I., Korissia-Ioulis, 2 km S of Korissia, 60 m, 12.6.2005, N 37 º 48 ’ 01.6 ’’ E 024 º 50 ’ 54.9 ’’ (L. Willemse) (CW); 6 M, Tzia I., Stavroudaki-Krthea, 5 – 250 m, along footpath, 12.6.2005, N 37 º 38 ’ 04.6 ’’ E 024 º 19 ’ 28.2 ’’ (L. Willemse) (CW). Island of Lemnos: 1 M, Lemnos, Kastro, 10.7.1936 (F. Werner) (ZMB); Southern Sporades: 1 M, Südl. Sporaden, Nysiros (v. Oertzen) (ZMB); Island of Samos: 5 M, 2 F, Koutsi, 25 – 27.6. & Iraion, 13.6. & Pedhias Valmaris, 29.6.1977 (M. C. & G. Kruseman) (ITZ); Island of Rhodes: 1 M, b. Stadt Rhodos (v. Oertzen) (ZMB); 1 M, b. Stadt Rhodos (v. Oertzen) (labelled as E. chabrieri festae- from Coll. Zeuner) (NHM); 1 F, Marasho, Kampa, 29.6.36 (F. Werner) (ZMB); 1 M, 1 F, Kremasti, 1 – 29.6.1928 (G. A. Mavromoustakisi) (NHM); 3 M (one nymph) Lindos (36 ° 5 ' N, 28 ° 4 ' E), 30 m, 18 – 19.4.1983 (K. - G. Heller) (CH) (sound record); 1 M (nymph), 1 F, Prof. Ilias (road km 46.7) (36 ° 15 ' N, 27 ° 55 ' E), 600 – 700 m, 21.5.2005 (K. G. & M. Heller (CH); 1 M, 1 km NW Lindos, 19.5.1983 (R. Danielsson) (CW); 1 F, Lardos, maquis, 3.5.1981 (M. C. & G. Kruseman) (CW); 1 M, Lindos beach, 8.6.1979 (M. C. & G. Kruseman) (CW); 1 M, Kremasti, 9.6.1979 (M. C. & G. Kruseman) (CW); 1 M, Paradssi, 3.6.1979 (M. C. & G. Kruseman) (CW). Other published localities: Salman (1983), Willemse (1984), Naskrecki (1999), Ünal (2006).	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB90DFFEAFF70ED91FBB6EAE3.taxon	distribution	Distribution: E. smyrnensis is one of the most widespread species of the genus, its range covers western Anatolia, the southern Balkan (southern Bulgaria and north-western Greece) and the northern and eastern Aegean islands (Thasos, Lemnos, Samos, Nysiros and Rhodes). In the Balkans its range is bordered by the range of E. chabrieri in the north and northwest and by that of E. megastyla in the west and south-west (Ciplak et al. 2007). However, interestingly this species has recently also been recorded from some western Aegean islands such as Evia and Tzia, belonging to the Cyclades archipelago (Monnerat et al. 1999). Karabag (1958) reported E. smyrnensis from Maras (east Mediterranean Anatolia) by refering to Bolivar (1899). However, this species has not been recorded from east Mediterranean Anatolia in subsequent studies (Salman 1983) and this record may refer to E. marashensis which was later described from this area.	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB90DFFEAFF70ED91FBB6EAE3.taxon	discussion	Remarks on the classification of the continental European species of the E. chabrieri group. When Ramme (1951) established the genus, he listed five Eupholidoptera species from mainland Europe (Greece except the Aegean islands, Italy, Bulgaria, former Yugoslavia, Switzerland, France and Italy) or the western Mediterranean islands: Eupholidoptera chabrieri, E. bimucronata, E. epirotica, E. megastyla and E. smyrnensis. Later, La Greca (1959) reported four species, E. chabrieri, E. hesperica, E. danconai and E. garganica, from Italy with the first species including four subspecies (E. chabrieri chabrieri, E. chabrieri schmidti, E. chabrieri magnifica, E. chabrieri bimucronata) the other three species were described as new. Peschev (1962) described two additional species, Eupholidoptera beibienkoi and E. marani from Bulgaria. In the review of Eupholidoptera from former Yugoslavia, Adamovic (1972) presented descriptions of three subspecies of E. chabrieri; E. chabrieri galvagnii, E. chabrieri kaltenbachi and E. chabrieri usi. Relatively recently described taxa are E. leucasi (Willemse 1980), E. kinzelbachi (Harz, 1981) and E. cephalonica (Willemse & Willemse, 2004). In addition to the new taxa described since Ramme (1951) there are some taxonomical rearrangements in Eupholidoptera from this area. E. magnifica (Costa, 1863) (or Thamnotrizon magnificum Costa, 1863) was reduced to subspecies level under E. chabrieri by La Greca (1959) and later it was synonymized with E. chabrieri schmidti by Willemse (1980). Another subspecies considered to be a synonym of E. chabrieri schmidti by Willemse (1980) was E. chabrieri kaltenbachi. Similarly, E. garganica, which was later recorded from the eastern side of the Adriatic Sea (western Greece), was reduced to a subspecies under E. chabrieri by Willemse (1980). Moreover, Willemse (1980) reported both E. chabrieri galvagnii and E. chabrieri usi to be synonyms of either E. chabrieri schmidti or E. chabrieri garganica. However, Massa (1999) considered each of the taxa present in Italy (E. chabrieri, E. schmidti, E. garganica and E. bimucronata) to be distinct species. In a more recent study by Çıplak et al. (2007) three species were listed from the Balkans (E. smyrnensis, E. megastyla and E. chabrieri). Other forms reported from this area (E. chabrieri schmidti, E. chabrieri galvagnii, E. chabrieri kaltenbachi, E. chabrieri usi, E. garganica or E. chabrieri garganica, E. marani and E. beybienkoi) were considered as belonging to E. chabrieri. All the species / forms occurring in mainland Europe (including the western Mediterranean islands), except for E. smyrnensis, constitute three lineages; 1 - E. epirotica + E. cephalonica, 2 - E. hesperica + E. leucasi and 3 - E. megastyla + E. chabrieri, with all remaining forms in E. chabrieri. Of these the first pair contains two sister species, E. epirotica (endemic to Aitolia Peninsula, on the western coast of Greece on Ionian Sea) and E. cephalonica (endemic to Greek island Kefallinia in the eastern Ionian Sea). They can be easily distinguished from other species by the apical arms of the titillators lacking a wing-like lateral expansion and with a median furrow dorsally. Similarly, the second species pair, E. leucasi (endemic to Greek island Lefkas in the western Ionian Sea) and E. hesperica (restricted to the Calabrian part of Italy) is distinguishable from all other species by their apical arms of titillators with robust fused basal part and long unfused apical parts, and presence of very narrow wing-like lateral expansions. Further, the species in each pairs have unique characters to be diagnosed from each other (Willemse 1980, Willemse & Willemse 2004) and each is vicariant in distribution and isolated by distinct geographic barriers. Of the last pair, E. megastyla (including E. kinzelbachi and E. danconai) is also diagnosable from the other by apical arms of the titillators with long and touching unfused part and narrow lateral expansions. However their intragroup-taxonomy needs some consideration. Diagnoses of three species given in E. megastyla are based on length of styli, asymmetry of apical arms of titillators and presence of protuberance on inner margin of apical lobes of male subgenital plate all of which are variable especially on Greek specimens. For E. kinzelbachi the suggestion by Nadig (1986) that E. kinzelbachi does not deserve species status is followed in this text. It is worth noting that there are other geographical distinct populations of E. megastyla in Greece, but, there is no clear cut of these variations in accordance with geography, thus, we consider these to be intraspecific variations. The very recently described E. karatolosi by Mofidi-Neyestanak & Quicke (2007) also shows the typical characteristics of E. megastyla in all structures of male and female genital morphology and exhibits no autapomorphy to describe it as a distinct species. The Italian population of this lineage was described as E. danconai. However, since there is no unique feature to diagnose it from the other E. megastyla - like populations Willemse (1980) put it in synonymy with E. megastyla and this is the agreed classification in this text too. The case for the remaining forms, which were named E. chabrieri complex, is much more complicated. In previous studies (Willemse, 1980; Massa, 1999; Çıplak et al., 2007) the following species / subspecies / forms were reported to be in this complex. E. chabrieri chabrieri (Charpentier, 1825) from SW France up to the Central Balkans. E. chabrieri schmidti (Fieber, 1861) from NE of Italy (Trieste), NW of former Jugoslavia (Krain; Ljubljana), island of Kerkira (Greece). E. chabrieri magnifica (Costa, 1863) from S. Italy (Calabria). E. chabrieri bimucronata (Ramme, 1927) from S. Italy (Sicily). E. chabrieri brunneri (Targioni-Tozetti, 1881) from central Italy (Abruzzi). E. garganica La Greca, 1959 from C. Italy (Gargano peninsula) (or E. chabrieri garganica). E. marani Peschev, 1960 from SW Bulgaria. E. beybienkoi Peschev, 1962 from N. Bulgaria. E. chabrieri usi Adamovic, 1972 from former Yugoslavia (N. Adriatic Isl.). E. chabrieri galvagnii Adamovic, 1972 from former Yugoslavia (Hercegovina, Montenegro). E. chabrieri kaltenbachi Adamovic, 1972 from former Yugoslavia (Serbia, N. Macedonia). The characters used to identify each of these forms were reported to be variable in the Balkan forms (Ciplak et al., 2007). However, this is the case not only for the area in question (Balkan), but it is also true for the remaining part of the range. Thus they do not provide useful differences to distinguish any of them. In the previous studies the characters used to distinguish the forms of the E. chabrieri complex were defined from the male subgenital plate (number and length of spine (s) under the styli) and the titillators (length, curvature, divergence of unfused parts and largeness of the lateral expansions along the fused parts of the apical arms). Of these, structure and number of the spines may vary between right and left sides in a single male. The characteristics of the titillators need a further consideration. The long unfused parts of the apical arms of the titillators are typical for the Sicilian population (E. chabrieri bimucronata), but it is not unique and was observed from the specimens collected from other parts of the range in mainland or Sardinian / Sicilian populations too. Another character is the large and frontward curved unfused parts of the apical arms of the titillators, which is typical for two populations; one in the Gargano peninsula of Italy and the other at the opposite eastern side of the Adriatic Sea (north-western mainland and Kerkira island of Greece) (E. garganica La Greca, 1959 or E. chabrieri garganica La Greca; Willemse, 1980). This character is invariable for the Italian population, but the degree of the curvature is variable and there is no clear limit between curved and non-curved type for the population on the eastern side of the Adriatic Sea. There are other forms of the E. chabrieri complex defined to have non- or slightly curved unfused parts and enlarged apical arms of titillators such as E. chabrieri usi, E. chabrieri galvagnii and E. chabrieri kaltenbachi. Since these three forms show intermediate states in respect to these characters, they are not valid to diagnose any of these populations as separate distinct forms. Another character which was assumed to be an autapomorphy of some taxa is related to the position of unfused parts of apical arms of titillators. The apical arms with parallel or converging unfused parts were defined as a character state of E. chabrieri chabrieri while the divergent one as that of E. chabrieri schmidti. As in the previous forms, it seems that there is a clinal tendency in respect to this character, the divergent type being common (not unique) in the east and the parallel / convergent type being common in the west of the total range. Since there is no clear gap between the two states we consider it to be an intraspecific variation. Thus, there is no sign allowing us to assume them as reproductively isolated units which could be regarded as distinct species. Consequently, we suggest that E. chabrieri kaltenbachi, E. chabrieri galvagnii and E. chabrieri usi are synonyms of E. chabrieri in agreement with Willemse (1980). Similarly, we agree with Çıplak et al. (2007) that both of the Bulgarian forms, E. marani and E. beibienkoi, are schmidti - like and are synonyms of E. chabrieri. Thus, the above listed taxa were suggested to be populations belonging to one highly variable single species, E. chabrieri (Charpentier, 1825). The two characters used to diagnose the forms in the E. chabrieri complex (the frontward curvature of the apical arms that is typical for E. chabrieri garganica and the reverse state for others; the divergence of the unfused parts of the apical arms, the diverged state for E. chabrieri s. str. and parallel state for E. chabrieri schmidti) exhibit a special case with the presence of mixture of intermediate forms in the northern basin of the Adriatic Sea, namely former Yugoslavia, Albania or close districts. A paper published during the preparation of this text reported valuable supports to the statements presented above. Lemonnier-Darcemont (2007) experimentally made cross-mating of E. chabrieri chabrieri (France) and E. chabrieri schmidti (Greece) and was able to produce hybrids that are viable and fertile. These results are consistent with our assumption that these slightly diverged forms are not reproductively isolated and should be considered as regional forms of a single species, of E. chabrieri. We considered 6 species (E. chabrieri, E. megastyla, E. hesperica, E. leucasi, E. epirotica and E. cephalonica) forming a monophyletic clade, the E. megastyla subgroup, which is present in continental Europe and the western Mediterranean islands. Other forms of these species may be geographical forms which are not considered in this text. Further detailed studies using several morphometric characters or DNA data may provide a better insight for subspecies classification of these forms.	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB934FFECFF70E8CCFD4CE9E5.taxon	description	(Figures 20, 65, 111, 157, 201, 231, 234, 238, Appendix)	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB934FFECFF70E8CCFD4CE9E5.taxon	materials_examined	Type information: Syntypes (2 M, 2 F), “ Gallia meridionalis, in agro Tergestino ” (Charpentier 1825); all in ZMB (“ Mus Berolin ” Charpentier 1825).	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB934FFECFF70E8CCFD4CE9E5.taxon	discussion	Remarks on type specimens and type locality: Until 1927 E. chabrieri was thought to be a clearly defined species with its terra typica in southern Europe (southern France and / or northern Italy). In this year, however, Ramme discovered that the types did not belong to the similar looking species found in these areas. In a very careful study he examined all syntypes and decided - correctly at that time – that the majority of the types (for details see Ramme 1927) represented an east Mediterranean species, E. smyrnensis (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1882), and synonymized the latter with the much earlier described E. chabrieri. This opinion was accepted and the name E. chabrieri was applied in this sense. In a second paper on this topic, Ramme (1951) surprisingly got the impression that the types were lost, although in his paper from 1927 he had traced meticulously the history of the type series. Ramme came to his new conclusion mainly because he received a recently collected specimen from the town Chabrieres (southern France). He assumed that Charpentier when describing E. chabrieri had specimens from this place and named his new species after this locality. Firstly, however, there is no doubt that the types in Berlin are the animals Charpentier based his description on, and secondly, Charpentier would certainly not have latinised Chabrieres into ‘ chabrieri’. The word ‘ chabrieri’ indicates clearly a male person with the name Chabrier, not uncommon in French. Unfortunately the opinion of Ramme was again accepted. Since that time (1951) E. chabrieri is thought to be a species with the type locality in southern France, although the types still exist documenting that it is not the species occurring there. In the interest of nomenclatural stability and following article 75.6 of the Zoological Code (ICZN 1999), we maintain the prevailing usage sensu Ramme (1951). We will make a request to the Commission to set aside the existing name-bearing type and to designate a neotype.	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB934FFECFF70E8CCFD4CE9E5.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined (per countries and depositories). FRANCE: Mainland: 5 M, 3 F, S. France, Alpes Maritimes, Mt. Coarmette, 3 – 5000 ft, 8.1930 (B. P. Uvarov); 1 M, S. France, Alpes Maritimes, Sarree Valley, 660 m, 10.9.1946; 6 M (2 nymphs), 2 F (1 nymph), S. France, Alpes Maritimes, Tende, 2550 ft, 15 – 17.9.1952 (K. V. Clarke); 3 M, S. France, Alpes Maritimes, N. Sospel, 750 m, 5.8.1958; 1 M, 1 F, Houtes-Marne, Colombes, Les Deux Eglises, 12.8.1958; 2 M, 1 F, Mt. Ventoux lower slopes, 9.1971 (J. A. Meadows); 1 M, 1 F, S. France, Alpes Maritimes, St. Martin du Var and Levens, 20.8.1975 (N. D. Jago); 1 M, 1 F, S. France, Mt. Ventoux, (M. Samways); 18 M, 21 F, S. France, Vauclose, Ventoux Mt. near Pavillion Rolland, 800 – 1100 m, 11 – 12 & 19.8.1977 (D. R. N. & M. Ragge); (NHM) 1 M, 3 F, Provence, Col de Brouis near Sospel, 880 m, 16.9.1951; 1 M, 1 F, Plan du Peiron, 11.9.1950; 2 M, Col de l’Able pres de Luceram, 1146 m, 18.9.1951 (C. & F. Willemse) (CW); Corsica: 3 M, 1 F, Vivario, 650 m, 21.7.1961 (D. H. & D. J. Harvey) (NHM). SWITZERLAND: 5 M, 2 F, Tessin, Lugano, 16.9.1929; 1 M, 1 F, 18.9.1929 (F. Zeuner) (NHM, 1 M ZMB); ITALY: Mainland: 1 M, Romagna, Abetone to Modena, 1 km S of the Serpiano, 18.9.1971 (L. M. & B. R. Pitkin); 1 F, Toscana 7 km S. of Siena, 18.9.1971 (L. M. & B. R. Pitkin) (NHM); 1 M, 1 F, 10.1918 Italien (Coll. Magliano); 1 M, 2 F, Gardasee, Portese-Salo, 22.8.1921 (Ramme-Spaney S. G.); 1 M, 1 F, Sassuolo b. Madena, 9.1930 (W. Ramme); 1 F, Sassuolo-Emilia, 4.10.1937 (C. Minozzi); 1 F, Neapel-Salarmo, oberh. Nosera, 6.8.1924 (W. Ramme); 1 M, Eugancen Castelnuovo, 9.1930 (W. Ramme) (ZMB); 1 M, 1 F, Mt. Puzillo, Grupo Velino, 1800 m, 10.8.1964 (La Greca); 1 M, 1 F near Como, N. Italy; locality Fuentes, near Colico 250 – 290 m, 12.9.1963, (A. Nadig); 1 M, Friuli-Venetia Giulia, 700 m, N of Borgo Grotta Gigante, 280 m, UTM VL 040630, 31.8. 1995; 1 F, Prosecco-Opicina, Monte Grisea, 280 m, UTM VL 029606; 1 F, 500 m E of station Prosecco, 300 m, UTM VI 038633, 31.8. 1995; 1 M, Monte Grisea, 290 m, UTM VL 027611, 11.8. 1995; 1 M, 1 F, 1 km SW of San Rocco, 2.5 km W of Muggia, 80 m, UTM VL 013510, 18.9. 1995; 1 M, 400 m NW of Duino, 30 m, UTM UL 910703, 26.7.; 1 M, eastside Monte Carlo, 320 m, UTM VL 120522, 21.9. 1995; 1 M, 2 F, Monte San Leonardo, 300 m N of Samatorza, 300 m, UTM VL 004684, 21.7. 1995; 1 M, E of Mocco, 240 m, UTM VL 115529, 4.6. 1995; 1 M, 500 m N of Sistiana, 120 m, UTM UL 943707, 27.9.1995; 2 F, between Sistiana & Duino, 53 m, UTM VL 925699, 16.7. 1995; 1 M, Slivia, 140 m, UTM UL 9669, 8.8.1995; 1 M, 300 m N of Samatorza, 300 m, UTM VL 004684, 21.7.1995; 1 M, 500 m, NE of Rupingrande, 370 m, 11.10. 1995; 1 M Torrente Rosandra, 300 m S of Bagnoli, 60 m, UTM VL 109517, 7.6. 1995; 1 F, Torrente Rosandra, SE of Monte Rocco, 300 m E of Mattonala Triestina, 30 m, UTM VL 100509, 17.9.1995; 1 F, 800 m N of San Pelagio, UTM UL 978698, 8.8.1995; 1 F, 1 km NE of San Lorenzo, 410 m, UTM VL 128528, 30.7.1995; 1 F, 200 m E of Noghera near Rio Ospo, 20 m, UTM VL 075494, 4.8.1995; 1 F, S. Michele, SW of Muggia Vecchia, 180 m, 19.7.1995; 1 F, 500 m NW of Bagnoli, 80 m, 17.9.1995; 1 F, 700 m S of Gabrovizzia, 230 m, UTM VL 010639, 7.9.1995; 1 F, 400 m, NW of Duino, 30 m, UTM UL 910703, 26.7.1995; 1 F, NW of Opicina, parking, 200 m, UTM VL 042609, 3.8.1995; 1 F, 400 m S of Basovizza, 390 m, UTM VL 115547, 24.7.1995 (all R. Kleukers); 1 M, Gargano, 24.8.1988 (M. & G. Osella); 1 M,: Gargano, Cagnano, 24.8.1988 (M. G. Osella); 1 M, 1 F, Sperlonga (Terrcina Latini), 29.6.1959 (La Greca) (CW). 1 M, 1 F, Foresta Umbra (Gargano), 24.7.1957 (labelled as paratypes Eupholidoptera garganica n. sp. La Greca det.) (MSNM); Sardinia: 7 M, 5 F, Aritzo, 1100 – 1200 m, 17.9.1964 (K. M. Guichard) (NHM); Sicily: 1 F, Messina am Colle S. Rizzo, 2400 m [sic], 27.7.1924 (W. Ramme & Richter) (NHM); 1 M, Messina, Colle S. Rizzo, 450 m, 28.8.1960 (La Greca); 1 M, Messina, Mandanici, 700 m, 12.9.1960 (La Greca) (CW). Materials from Balkan countries see Çıplak et al. 2007. Other published localities and distribution data: France (Voisin 2003), Switzerland (Nadig 1985 b; Thorens & Nadig 1997), Italy (Ruffo & Stoch 2005). Sound records: Bonnet (1995), Ode & Fontana (2002), Ragge & Reynolds (1998 b), Schmidt in DORSA / SYSTAX (including a record from Kerkira, determined as E. epirotica), Dragan Chobanov (unpublished).	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB934FFECFF70E8CCFD4CE9E5.taxon	distribution	Distribution: From southern France (including Corsica) and southern Switzerland to Italy (including Sardinia and Sicily) and the Balkans (Figure 239).	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB933FFE1FF70ED44FCF7EAF4.taxon	description	(Figures 21, 66, 112, 158, 202, 234, 238, Appendix)	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB933FFE1FF70ED44FCF7EAF4.taxon	materials_examined	Type information: Holotype M, GREECE, Island of Zakinthos (= ” Zante ”), 10.6.1937, (W. Ramme); paratypes 4 M and 1 F, same data as holotype (ZMB). Material examined: Specified down to department / district and locality (all CW except otherwise stated). GREECE: Holotype and paratypes; Peloponnese: Akhaia: 4 M, 10 F, Mt. Erimanthos above Kalentzion 1700 – 2000 m, 4.8.1970 (Willemse & Scherpbier); 1 M, A. Pandon-Alepochori, 700 m, 17.7.1987 (F. Willemse); 1 M, Mt. Panakhaikon, Sella-Pititsa, 450 m, 20.7.1987 (F. Willemse); 5 M, 2 F, above Zastova, 1000 – 1650 m, 29.7.1975 (F. & L. Willemse); 2 M, Mt. Skollis, Portes-Kharavyi, 300 m, 20.7.1987 (F. Willemse); 1 M, Kato Klitoria, 600 m, 17.7.1991 (F. & L. Willeme); 1 M, surr. Khalandritsa, 500 m, 8.7.1986 (L. Willemse); 1 M, Paos E of Tripotamia, 500 m, 28.7.1975, F. & (L. Willemse); 2 M, Achaia, Kernitsa, 600 m, 22.6.1987 (F. Willemse); 2 M, 1 F, Kalavrita, Mt. Chelmos, 1700 – 2000 m, 1.8.1970 (Willemse & Scherpbier); 1 M, 2 F, Vlasia, W of Kalavrita, 500 m 3.8.1970 (Willemse & Scherpbier); 5 M, 2 F, Aroania village, W of Klitoria, 1000 m, 2.8.1970 (Willemse & Scherpbier); 1 M, 1 F, K a lavryta, 18 – 22.7.1982 (J. Paul.) (NHM); 1 M, Kalentzi am Erymanthos (37 ° 57 ' N, 21 ° 46 ' E), 900 m, 4.7.1986 (K. - G. Heller) (CH); 1 M, Panachaikon Geb. (38 ° 12 ' N, 21 ° 51 ' E), 1700 m, 3.7.1986 (K. - G. Heller) (CH); 1 F, Panachaikon (38 ° 12 ' N, 21 ° 51 ' E), 1500 m, 3.7.1986 (K. - G. Heller) (CH); Ilia: 1 F, Killini town, 5 m, 2.7.1986 (L. Willemse); 3 M, 1 F, Lechena, N of Andravida, 50 m, 14.7.1974 (F. Willeme); 1 M, 1 F, Platanos-Pelopion (Pyrgos), 150 m, 15.7.1987 (F. Willemse); 6 M, 3 F, Kallidea, N of Andritsena, 400 m, 14.7.1974 (F. Willemse); 1 F, Andritsena, 1000 m, 20.7.1978 (L. Willemse & J. Tilmans); 1 F, Rovia, E of Andritsena, 500 m, 13.7.1974 (F. Willemse); 1 F, 1.5 km W of Khania Panopoulo, 650 m, 14.7.1991 (F. & L. Willemse); 4 M, 1 F, surr. Bassae, 1100 m, 13.7.1974 & 272.7.1970 (Willemse & Scherpbier); Messinia: 1 M, Kalamata, Proastion, 10 m, 13.7.1987 (F. Willemse); 1 M, Kalamata, Mikra Mantinea, 25 m, 20.7.1971 (F. Willemse); 7 M, 9 F, surr. Kambos, 400 – 700 m, 21.7.1971 (F. Willemse); 1 M, Karitena (Megalopolis), 500 m, 26.7.1970 (Willemse & Scherpbier); 1 M, 3 F, Pila (Pilos), 125 m, 13.7.1987 (F. Willemse); 1 M, Umg. Phoinikous (36 ° 48 ' N, 21 ° 49 ' E), 20 m, 9.4.1979 (K. - G. Heller & M. Volleth) (CH); 1 M, s Ag. Dimitrios (Ag. Nikolaos) (36 ° 48 ' N, 22 ° 18 ' E), 5 m, 8.6.1993, (O. v. Helversen) (CH). Lakonia: 1 M, Tripi, 2.8.1988 (F. Willemse); 2 M, Mistra, W of Sparti, 500 m, 25.7.1971 (F. Willemse); 1 M, 7 km SE Gythion, orange orchard, 1.10.1992 (R. Kleukers) (F. Willemse); 3 M, 3 F, W of Mavrovouni (Gythion), 10 m, 12.7.1987 (F. Willemse); 1 M, 1 F, Karavostasi (Gythion), 5 m, 13.7.1987 (F. Willemse); 1 M, 1 F, Skala (Eyrotas river), 10 m, 25.7.1971 (F. Willemse); 4 M, 9 F, Tayietos Mts., Toritsa [= Topitsa] above Anoyeia, 1200 m, 22.7.1971 (F. Willemse); 3 M, 4 F, below summit Prof. A. Ilias (above Anoyiea), 1700 – 2200 m, 23.7.1971 (F. Willemse); 1 F, Mt. Parnon, Vamvakou, 950 m, 27.7.1978 (F. Willemse); Arkadia: 1 M, 1 F, Mt. Mainalon above Kapsia, 750 m, 10.7.1974 (F. Willemse); 8 M, 2 F, Chrissovitsion, 12 km W, 1100 m, 12.7.1974 (F. Willemse); 1 M, Chrissovitsi, 4 km W, 1100 m, 28.7.1978 (L. Willemse & J. Tilmans); 5 M, 5 F, Ipsous (Dhimitsana), 800 m, 27.7.1970 (Willemse & Scherpbier); 1 M, 1 F, Dhimitsana, 14.7.1977 (M. & J. Duffels) (ITZ); 1 F, Mt. Parnon, A. Vasileos, 1000 – 1200 m, 26.7.1978 (F. Willemse); 1 M, above Kastanitsa, 1500 – 1800 m, 26.7.1978 (F. Willemse); Argolis: 2 M, Ligourion, 4 km W, 200 m, 6.7.1974 (F. Willemse); 1 M, 4 F, Ag. Eleni, SE of Epidavros, 450 m, 8 – 9.7.1974 (F. Willemse); 3 M, Nauplion, 12 km E, 7.7.1974 (F. Willemse); 11 M, 7 F, Mt. Ktenias, Achladokambos, dry habitat, 500 m, 9.7.1974 (F. Willemse); 1 M, Mykene (37 ° 44 ' N, 22 ° 54 ' E), 12 iv 1982 (E. Bluemm) (CH); Central Greece: Zakinthos Isl.: 3 M, 1 F, surr. Alikanas, 10 m (topotypes) 29.6 - 1.8.1986 (L. Willemse); 1 M, 3 F, surr. A. Nikolaos, 200 m, 30.6.1986 Cape Skinari, 50 m, 29.6.1986 (L. Willemse); 1 F, Kato Gerakari, 50 m, 29.6.1986 (L. Willemse); Evia Isl.: 2 M, 2 F, Steni-Kathenoe, 300 m, 22.7.1974 (F. & L. Willemse); 1 M, Kimi, 30.6.1971 (A. Kaltenbach) (NMW); Voiotia: 2 M, Mt. Parnassos above Arachova, 1800 m, 26.7.1971 (F. Willemse); 1 M, Palaiokhori, 800 m, 20.7.1978 (F. Willemse); 3 M, 1 F, Mt. Elikonas, SW slopes below summit Paliovouna (1748 m), 1500 – 1650 m, WGS 84 N 38 º 17 ’ 39.4 – 49.1 ’’ E 022 º 52 ’ 44.2 – 21.3 ’’, along forest road, dry stony habitat, poor vegetation, mainly above timberline, 25.7.2002 (D. & L. & F. Willemse); Fthiotis: 6 M, 10 F, Melidoni, W of Arkitsa, moist habitat, seashore, 0 – 2 m, 4.7.1974 (F. Willemse); 1 F, Brallos, 600 m, 13.6.1986 (F. Willemse); 1 F, Mt. Oiti, above Pavliani, 10 km NW, 1750 m, 5.8.1972 (F. Willemse); 1 M, Pavliani village (Mt. Oiti), Hotel, at light, 24.7.2004 (F. Willemse); 1 M, Mt. Oiti, northern slopes, Kastania, 1000 m, entrance of village near church & cementary, humid green slope, 22.7.2002 (L. Willemse); 1 M, Tymfristos village, 1100 m, 5.8.1975 (F. & L. Willemse); 6 M, 10 F, Melidoni, W of Arkitsa, moist habitat, seashore, 0 – 2 m, 4.7.1974 (F. Willemse); 2 M, 2 km n Vitoli, westl. Makrakomi (38 ° 58 ' N, 22 ° 1 ' E), 320 m, 1 – 30.6.1998 (K. - G. Heller & M. Volleth) (CH) (sound record); 1 M, Kenourgio (Camping Venezuela) (38 ° 48 ' N, 22 ° 44 ' E), 5 m, 28 – 29.7.2003 (K. G. Heller) (CH); 5 M, 2 km nördl. Vitoli, westl. Makrakomi (38 ° 58 ' N, 22 ° 1 ' E), 330 m, 1 – 5.6.1985 (O. v. Helversen) (CH) (sound record); 1 M, Pelasyia, 6.7.1976 (J. P. Duffels) (ITZ); Fokis: 1 M, Mt. Vardoussia ab. Mousounitsa, 1200 m, 6.8.1975 (F. & L. Willemse); 2 M, 3 F, Kokkinochori, 350 m, 17.7.1974 (F. Willemse); 1 M, 1 F, Mt. Giona, 1750 m, above Kaloskopi, Lakkes Lyritsa, WGS 84 N 38 º 38 ’ 42.9 ’’ E 022 º 19 ’ 40.0 ’’, above timberline, grazed, 23.7.2002 (L. & D. Willemse); Evritania: 1 F, Mt. Timfristos above Karpenission, 1500 m 4.8.1975 (F. & L. Willemse); 1 M, E Agrafa Mts. (Kamaria village) pass about 10 km E of Agrafa village, below summit Kornopi, 1650 – 1800 m, WGS 84 N 39 º 08 ’ 36.4 – 100 ’’ E 021 º 41 ’ 32.6 – 850 ’’, above timberline, grassy slopes with Juniperus, thistles, stony ground, 6.8.2003 (D. & L. & F. Willemse & T. Blauw); 1 M, Mt. Kaliakouda, Megalo Chori-Stournara (= Doliana), 1600 – 1700 m, WGS 84 N 39 º 49 ’ 38.7 ’’ E 021 º 46 ’ 00.6 ’’, near ass, steep slopes, prickly shrubs, 20.7.2002 (D. & L. & F. Willemse); 1 M, 6 km N of A. Theodoros, S of Karpenisson, 1500 m, WGS 84 N 39 º 50 ’ 56.3 ’’ E 021 º 50 ’ 35.8 ’’, small clearing in Abies forest, 19.7.2002 (D. & L. & F. Willemse); 1 M, Mt. Helidona above Palaio Mikrochori, SW Karpenisi, 1420 – 1650 m, WGS 84 N 39 º 30 ’ 12.6 ’’ E 021 º 41 ’ 22.0 ’’, stony ground, grazed, 21.7.2002 (D. & L. & F. Willemse); 1 M, between Trovato-Agrafa, S of Tridendro, 690 m, WGS 84 N 39 º 09 ’ 49.1 ’’ E 021 º 37 ’ 56.0 ’’, on car while driving, 16.7.2002 (D. & L. & F. Willemse); 1 M, S of Proussos, from Kastania to Aghiro Pighadi, below summit Triandafilia (1817 m), 1380 – 1460 m, WGS 84 N 38 º 42 ’ 36.2 - 34.1 ’’ E 021 º 41 ’ 35.3 - 19.5 ’’, scattered coniferous trees, sparse vegetation, stones, 9.8.2004 (D. F. & J. & L. Willemse & T. Blauw); 1 M, Kaliakouda- - Geb. (38 ° 48 ' N, 21 ° 47 ' E), 29.7.2001 (K. - G. & M. Heller) (CH) (sound record). Aitolia / Akarnania: 2 M, 1 F, Mt. Tsakalakis, S of Ano Chora & Kendriki, 1200 – 1560 m, WGS 84 N 38 º 33 ’ 36.7 ’’ E 021 º 53 ’ 26.9 ’’, steep stony slopes, trees, herbs, grass, 7.8.2004 (D. F. & J. & L. Willemse & T. Blauw); 1 M, nr Eleftheriani, 1060 m, pine forest with Juniperus, WGS 84 N 38 º 32 ’ 07.2 ’’ E 021 º 50 ’ 30.9 ’’, 6.8.2004 (D. & F. & J. & L. Willemse & T. Blauw); 1 M, 1 F, Terpsithea, 580 m, WGS 84 N 38 º 33 ’ 34.4 ’’ E 021 º 58 ’ 11.7 ’’, Rubus, wayside, 5.8.2004 (D. F. & J. L. Willemse & T. Blauw); 1 M, 1 F, between Podos & Chomoni along river Kotsala, 400 m, WGS 84 N 38 º 35 ’ 51.0 ’’ E 021 º 51 ’ 09.2 ’’, near bridge, mixed vegetation, 8.8.2004 (D. & F. & J. & L. Willemse & T. Blauw); 1 M, NE of Platanos, between Mts. Ardinis & Xerovouni, 1080 m, WGS 84 N 38 º 35 ’ 30.4 ’’ E 021 º 49 ’ 12.6 ’’, pass, 8.8.2004 (D. & F. & J. & L. Willemse & T. Blauw) (CW). 9 M, 4 F, Sklavaina, 100 m, 1.7.1986 (F. Willemse); 2 F, Katafourkon (Makrinoros), 0 – 100 m, 24 – 25.6.1972 (J. J. J. Smid & F. H. J. Smid-Elbers); 1 M, Katafourka, N of Amfilochia, 0 – 5 m, WGS 84 N 38 º 59 ’ 28.7 ’’ E 021 º 09 ’ 13.8 ’’, behind beach, Juncus, Phragmites, 13.8.2004 (F. & L. Willemse); 2 M, 2 F, Anoixiatikon, N of Amfilochia, 30.6.1986 (F. Willemse); 3 M, 3 F, Acheloos Delta near hill Koutsilaris, 15 km S of Neochori, 5 m, 9 & 11.7.1991 (F. & L. Willemse); 3 M, 25.6.2000 (F. Willemse); 2 M, Umg. Trifos westl. Amfilochia (38 ° 50 ' N, 21 ° 3 ' E), 29.6.1999 (K. - G. Heller & M. Volleth) (CH); Ipiros: Arta: 4 M, 6 F, Ramia-Livadion, 500 m, 25.7.1976 (F. & L. Willemse & J. Tilmans) and 1 M, 1 F (NHM); 3 M, 1 F, Mt. Tzoumerka, SW Theodhoriana, below summit Spilia, 1400 – 1600 m, 17 – 18.7.1988 (F. Willemse); 1 M, 1 F, 24.7.1987 (F. Willemse); 1 M, 1 F, Mt. Tzoumerka above Vourgareli, 1550 m, WGS 84 N 39 º 23 ’ 32.3 ’’ – 38.6 ’’ E 021 º 10 ’ 57.1 ’’ – 58.1 ’’, above pine forest, rocky ground, road to summits Sklava & Tria Sinora, 28 – 29.7.2003 (D. & E. & J. & L. & F. Willemse & T. Blauw); 1 M, 1 F, Mt. Gavrogo below summit Gerabi above village of Megalochari, 1500 – 1750 m, WGS 84 N 39 º 11 - 12 ’ 46.4 - 1 ’’ E 021 º 16 - 17 ’ 16.4 - 51.8 ’’, 5 – 7 km after turn-of branching of road near Kanalia, stony open slopes, 3 – 4.8.2003 (D. & L. & F. Willemse & T. Blauw); 4 M 1 F, Mt. Tzoumerka above Katarraktis, 1550 m, 10.8.2005 (L. Willemse); 2 M, 2 F, N of Aghnada along road to Konakia, 11.8.2005 (L. Willemse); 2 M, Tzoumerka-Geb. östl. Arta (39 ° 24 ' N, 21 ° 9 ' E), 5.8.1978 (K. - G. Heller) (CH) (sound record); 5 M, 1 F, Mt. Tzoumerka above Theodoriana (39 ° 25 ' N, 21 ° 10 ' E), 5 – 6.8.2003 (K. - G. & M. Heller & M. Volleth) (CH) (sound record). Ioannina: 4 M, 2 F, Mt. Kakarditsa (connecting Mt. Lakmos and Mt. Tzoumerka), 1800 – 1850 m, WGS 84 N 39 º 35 ’ 13.0 ’ E 021 º 10 ’ 37.5 ’’ – N 32 ’ 42.4 ’’ E 11 ’ 13.2 ’’, above Matsouki, N of Pramanda, slops below summit Katarachias (2280 m), 27.7.2003 (D. & E. & J. & L. & F. Willemse & T. Blauw); 1 F, Mt. Lakmos above Mikro Peristeri- Rahoula, 1300 m, WGS 84 N 39 º 43 ’ 16.3 ’’ E 021 º 06 ’ 02.7 ’’, grassy basin, grazed, few shrubs, 13.7.2002 (D. & L. & F. Willemse); 1 M, 2 F, bridge over Metsoyitiko river at Mikro Peristeri village, 600 m, 13.7.2002 (D. & L. & F. Willemse); 1 M, Katara Pass, 1750 m, 14.7.2002 (D. & L. & F. Willemse); 1 M, Metsobon, Valia Kalda, 30 – 31.8.2002 (O. v. Helversen); 6 M, 2 F, above Matsouki, 1150 m, N 39 º 34 ’ E 21 º 11 ’, 9.8.2005 (L. Willemse); 1 F, Mt. Peristeri, Sirako – Ag. Athanasios, 1550 m, 12.8.2005 (L. Willemse); 2 M, Smolikas-Geb. bei Samarina / Distraton (40 ° 4 ' N, 20 ° 59 ' E), 25.7.1978 (K. - G. Heller) (sound record). Thessalia: Trikala: 1 F, Mt. Chatzi above Sitia, SE of Mesochora, WGS 84 N 39 º 26 ’ 09.8 ’’ E 021 º 19 ’ 10.2 ’’, open slopes, stony ground, 31.7.2003 (D. & L. & F. Willemse & T. Blauw); 1 M, Mesochora, Hotel, at night, 1.8.2003, L. Willemse (1 male); Mt. Avgo above Nea Pefki, NE of Mesochora, 1550 – 2000 m, WGS 84 N 39 º 28 ’ 39.1 ’’ E 021 º 22 ’ 45.0 ’’ – N 39 º 29 ’ 19.2 ’’ E 021 º 22 ’ 40.5 ’’, grassy meadows, rocky slopes, 30.7.2003 (D. & E. & J. & L. & F. Willemse & T. Blauw); 4 M, 1 F, Mt. Neraidha above Neraidochori, W of Pertouli, 1650 m, below summit Boudoura (2010 m), WGS 84 N 39 º 33 ’ 08.3 ’’ E 021 º 26 ’ 32.0 ’’, open pine forest, undergrowth of grasses, Sambucus, Urtica, ferns, verge of road, 1.8.2003 (D. & L. & F. Willemse & T. Blauw); 1 M, plateau between Elati (6 km N) and Pertouli, 1250 – 80 m, WGS 84 N 39 º 32 ’ 35.8 ’’ E 02130 ’ 38.0 ’’, open pine forest, shrubs, wet places, tall grasses, ferns, near asphalt road, 1.8.2003 (D. & L. & F. Willemse & T. Blauw) (CW); Larisa: 1 M, Elasson, 2 km N, 19.7.1978 (L. Willemse & J. Tilmans); 1 M, 20 km NW, 22.7.1974 (F. Willemse); 2 M, 2 F, 4 km W, 7.7.1976 (F. & L. Willemse & J. Tilmans); 1 M, Vrisia near Farsala, 200 m, 10.7.1987 (F. Willemse); 4 M, 20 F, Mt. Ossa, Dimitra-Anatoli, 400 m, 2 – 3.7.1974 (F. Willemse) (CW); 1 M, 4 F, Tirnavos, 17.8.1965 (Blommers et al.) (ITZ); 2 M, 10 km östl. Larissa (39 ° 40 ' N, 22 ° 24 ' E), 21.6.1980 (K. - G. Heller) (CH) (sound record). Karditsa: 1 F, 3 km sso Ano Ktimeni (39 ° 5 ' N, 22 ° 6 ' E), 700 m, 1 – 30.6.1998 (K. - G. K. - G. Heller & M. Volleth) (CH); 1 M, 1 F (paratypes of E. karatolosi) Ellinoprigos, 39 ° 23 ' 59 '' N, 21 ° 44 ' 8 '' E, 600 m, 15.6.2005 (N. Karatolos) (NHM). Makedonia: Pieria: 1 F, Olymp, oberh. Ag. Dionysios (40 ° 5 ' N, 22 ° 23 ' E), 13.8.1979 (K. - G. K. - G. Heller & M. Volleth) (CH); 3 M, 1 F, Nea Agathopulos, 0 – 10 m, 22.6.1986 (L. Willemse); 14 M, 18 F, Litochoron, 0 – 20 m, Hotel & beach and surroundings, between 1971 and 1978 (F. & L. Willemse & J. Tilmans); 4 M, 1 F, Mt. Olimbos, Leptokaria-Karia, 500 – 1000 m, 24.7.1973 & 1.7.1978 (F. Willemse & L. Willemse & J. Tilmans); 1 M, Refuge A, 1000 – 2100 m, 16 – 18.7.1978 (L. Willemse & J. Tilmans); 1 M, 8 M, 20 F, Mt. Olimbos, Refuge B, 1800 – 1900 m, 14.8.1966 (F. Willemse & J. Scherpbier); 1 F, 1900 m, 15 – 17.7.1969 (F. Willemse); 3 F, Mt. Olimbos, W. of Litokhoron, 1450 & 1750 m, 13.7. & 2.8.1965; 10 km W of Kolindros, 24 – 26.7.1965 (both Blommers et al.) (ITZ); 1 M, Kolindros, 10 km W, 24 – 26.7.1965 (Blommers et al.) (ITZ); Kastoria: 1 M, 5.8.1961 (R. A. Farrow) (NHM); 1 M, Eptakhorion, 190 m, 5.8.1978 (L. Willemse & J. Tilmans); Kozani: 5 M, 2 F, Neapolis, 800 m, 31.7.1976 (F. & L. Willemse & J. Tilmans); 1 M, Velvendos (40 ° 15 ' N, 22 ° 4 ' E), 400 m, 28.6. 1986 (K. - G. Heller) (CH) (sound record); 9 M, 5 F, Mt. Pieria, Velvendos, 250 m, 23.7.1974 (F. Willemse); Pella: 1 M, 4 F, Edhessa, 23.7.1965 (Bloommers et al.) (ITZ); Grevena: 2 M, Paraskevi near Deskati, 600 m, 8.7.1976 (F. & L. Willemse & J. Tilmans); Magnisia: 1 M, Mt. Pilion above Portaria, 700 – 1200 m, 20.7.1974 (F. Willemse); 1 M, Lekhonia, 7 – 11.8.1965 (Blommers et al.) (ITZ); ITALY: 5 M, 5 F, Irsina (Matera-Lucania), 21.7.1957 (M. La Greca) (holotype M and paratypes of E. danconai) (MSNM); 1 M, 1 F, Colloreto (Mt. Pollino, Calabria), 16.7.1950 (paratypes of E. danconai) (MSNM); 2 M, 1 F, Basilicata, E. Irsina (Matera), 500 m, Co latoi, 23.6.2000, (P. Fontana) (CW). Other records and data on the species: Willemse (1980, 1984), La Greca (1959), Ruffo & Stoch (2005), Nadig (1986), Papapavlou & Katsouni (2008). Additional sound records by Schmidt are in DORSA / SYSTAX.	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB933FFE1FF70ED44FCF7EAF4.taxon	distribution	Distribution: E. megastyla is one of the most widespread species of the genus, its range covering continental Greece including Peloponnesus, some Ionian and western Aegean coastal islands (see maps in Willemse 1984, Willemse & Willemse 2004, Figure 239) as well as Central Italy on the western side of the Adriatic Sea.	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB933FFE1FF70ED44FCF7EAF4.taxon	discussion	Remarks: The species shows great variations especially in male characteristics such as emargination of last abdominal tergite, structure of cerci and its teeth, lobes of subgenital plate, length of styli, size and asymmetry of titillators, colouration and length of female ovipositor (also see Willemse, 1980). These variations have gradual tendencies and none of them corresponds to any geographic fragment. Consequently, one of such populations which was described as a separate taxon, Eupholidoptera kinzelbachi Harz, 1981 (for details see Nadig, 1986), is now placed in synonymy with E. megastyla. Recently Mofidi-Neyestanak & Quicke (2007) described two new Eupholidoptera species, E. karatolosi from Northern Greece and E. mirzayani from Khuzestan, Iran. E. karatolosi was described on the base of type material that all came from Ellinoprigos (probably Ellinopirgos), 39 ° 23 ' 59 '' N, 21 ° 44 ' 8 '' E, 600 m, situated within the range of E. megastyla. E. karatolosi also shows the typical characteristics of E. megastyla in all structures of male and female genital morphology, especially the titillators with non-divergent unfused parts and indistinct lateral expansions of apical arms and slightly raised seventh sternum of female. From both the description by Mofidi-Neyestanak & Quicke (2007) and examination of the paratypes (1 M, 1 F) we decided that E. karatolosi Mofidi-Neyestanak & Quicke, 2007 is an objective junior synonym of Eupholidoptera megastyla (Ramme, 1939). The other species Eupholidoptera mirzayani Mofidi-Neyestanak & Quicke (2007) does not belong to the genus Eupholidoptera since it does not show the basic autapomorphic characters of the genus (see the section “ Definition of Eupholidoptera in Discussion). Mofidi-Neyestanak & Quicke (2007) did not discuss the relationship of their new species in respect to other Pholidopterini. However, after examination of two paratypes (1 M, 1 F) we clearly identified them as Apholidoptera kurda (Uvarov, 1916) which is distributed in a range around the borders between Turkey, Iraq and Iran. Since there are no clear differences between Eupholidoptera mirzayani Mofidi-Neyestanak & Quicke, 2007 and Apholidoptera kurda Uvarov, the first has to be accepted as an objective junior synonym of the second.	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB938FFE7FF70EC97FDD5EACC.taxon	description	(Figures 24, 69, 115, 161, 204, 232, 238, Appendix)	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB938FFE7FF70EC97FDD5EACC.taxon	materials_examined	Type information: Holotype M, GREECE, Epirus (labelled as Erber leg., Coll. Br. v. W., Pholidoptera epirotica Ramme det.) (NMW); 3 M, 2 F paratypes. Material examined: GREECE: Holotype, paratypes; 1 F, Kerkira (= Corfu) (Werner) (NMW); Aitolia / Akarnania: 11 M, 3 F, Loutrakion, 70 m 1.7.1986 (CW); 3 M 1 F, Babini (W of Agrinion,) 23.6.1986 (2 m); Drimos (E of Vonitsa) 2.7.1986 (Willemse) (CW); 6 M 1 F, Aktion (NW of Vonitsa) 1.7.1986 (Willemse) (CW); 9 M, 3 F, Mitikas (S of Vonitsa) 10 m 23.6.1986 and 1 F, 9.7.1986 (Willemse) (CW); 1 M, surr. Monastirakion 200 m 9.7.1986 (Willemse) (CW); 19 M, 5 F, Mt. Akarnanika above Thirion 800 – 1380 m 27.7.1987 (Willemse) (CW) (sound record); 2 M, 2 F, surr. Thirion 300 m 11.7.1986 (Willemse) (CW); 6 M, 3 F, Mt. Akarnanika 1000 – 1450 m 9 – 10.7.1986 (Willemse) (CW); 5 M, 4 F, Mt. Akarnanika, 1 km N of Thirion 400 m 18.7.2000 (Willemse) (CW); 5 M, 1 F, below Thirion (38 ° 52 ' N, 20 ° 58 ' E), 3.8.2003 (K. - G. & M. Heller & M. Volleth) (CH); 3 M, 1 F, Mt. Akarnania above Thirion (38 ° 48 ' N, 20 ° 58 ' E), 1400 m, 3.8.2003 (K. - G. & M. Heller & M. Volleth) (CH) (sound record).	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB938FFE7FF70EC97FDD5EACC.taxon	distribution	Distribution: It is known from a restricted area in central Greece on the coast of the Ionian Sea (see Willemse & Willemse 2004; Figure 239).	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB938FFE7FF70EB55FE9CE959.taxon	description	(Figures 23, 68, 114, 160, 238, Appendix)	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB938FFE7FF70EB55FE9CE959.taxon	materials_examined	Type information: Holo- and paratype 2 M, ITALY: Atella (Potenza), 12.7.1957 (La Greca, 1959). Material examined: ITALY: 1 M, Basilicata, Maratea (Pianeta M.), 50 m, (gariga costiera), 25.6.2000 (P. Fontana) (CW).	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB938FFE7FF70EB55FE9CE959.taxon	distribution	Distribution: E. hesperica is restricted to the Calabrian part of Italy (Figure 239; using data from Ruffo & Stoch, 2005).	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB938FFE7FF70E8CCFDBBEF9F.taxon	description	(Figures 22, 67, 113, 159, 203, 234, 238, Appendix)	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB938FFE7FF70E8CCFDBBEF9F.taxon	materials_examined	Type information: Holotype, M, and 9 M, 17 F paratypes, GREECE, N. Levkados, Levkas, Ano Exanthia, 600 m, 15.7.1976 (F. & L. Willemse & J. Tilmans) (CW) and paratypes from other localities. Material examined: GREECE: Lefkas: Holotype and paratypes from type locality; paratypes 4 M, 3 F, Nikiana, N. of Nidhrion, 5 m, 14.7.1976 (F. & L. Willemse & J. Tilmans) (CW); paratype 1 M, 5. km to Nikiana (N. of Nidrion), 14.7.1976 (F. & L. Willemse & J. Tilmans) (NHM); paratype 1 F, 600 m, Ano Exhatia, 15.7.1976 (F. & L. Willemse & J. Tilmans) (NHM); 4 M, 1 F, oberhalb der Stadt Lefkas (38 ° 49 ' N, 20 ° 42 ' E), 50 – 100 m, 1.7. 1986 (K. - G. Heller) (CH); 1 M, Umg. der Stadt Lefkas (38 ° 49 ' N, 20 ° 42 ' E), 100 m, 1.7.1986 (K. - G. Heller) (CH) (sound record).	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB938FFE7FF70E8CCFDBBEF9F.taxon	distribution	Distribution: This species is endemic to the island of Lefkas in the North-east Ionian Sea (Fig. 239; map in Willemse & Willemse, 2004).	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB925FFFBFF70EEA3FE80ECB9.taxon	description	(Figures 25, 70, 116, 162, 205, 238, Appendix)	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB925FFFBFF70EEA3FE80ECB9.taxon	materials_examined	Type information: Holotype M and 4 M, 1 F paratypes, GREECE, Kefallinia, Mt. Ainos, plateau W of Tsarkanianas 550 m, 3.7.1986 (L. Willemse) and additional paratypes. Material examined: GREECE: Kefallinia: Holotype and paratypes 4 M, 1 F; paratypes 3 M, 100 m, Limni, Avikon (A. Nikolaos), 5.7.1986 (L. Willemse): 1 M, 1 F, 3 – 5 km S of Sami, 4.7.1986 (L. Willemse); 2 F, surr. Patrikata 500 m, 4.7.1986; 1 F, surr. Neokhorion 400 m 6.7.1986 (L. Willemse); 2 M, 1 F, surr. Dhavgata, 7 km N of Argostolion, 250 m 4.7.1986 (L. Willemse); 1 M (nymph), Mt. Ainos, 1000 – 1300 m, 2 – 3. 7.1986 (all in CW).	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB925FFFBFF70EEA3FE80ECB9.taxon	distribution	Distribution: It is endemic to the Ionian island Kefallinia in Greece (see Willemse & Willemse 2004; Figure 239).	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB923FFFEFF70EDCFFA34E98C.taxon	description	FIGURE 236. Low frequency part of the spectrum of the calling song from two syntopic Cretan Eupholidoptera species	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB921FFFEFF70ED5EFCDDEBB4.taxon	description	(Figures 26, 71, 117, 163, 206, 239, Appendix)	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB921FFFEFF70ED5EFCDDEBB4.taxon	materials_examined	Type information: Holotype M, GREECE: Crete, Chora Sfakion, 1.6.1984 (B. Massa); 2 F paratypes from the same locality (Collectio Bruno Massa, University di Palermo) and additional paratypes. Material examined: GREECE: Crete: Paratype M, 2.5 km E Argoules, 175 m, 14.6.1987 (J. Smid & J. Tilmans) (CW); Paratype 1 M, Chora Sfakion, 10 – 16.5.1982 (J. P. Duffels); Paratypes 1 M, 1 F, 2.5 km E of Argoules, 14.6.1987 (J. Smid & F. Smid-Elbers) (CW).	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB921FFFEFF70ED5EFCDDEBB4.taxon	distribution	Distribution: This species is endemic to south-west Crete.	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB921FFF1FF70EEAAFC8EECE3.taxon	description	(Figures 27, 72, 118, 164, 207, 230, 234, 235, 239, Appendix)	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB921FFF1FF70EEAAFC8EECE3.taxon	materials_examined	Type information: Holotype M, GREECE: Lefka Ori, refuge near Koukoule, 1600 – 1800 m, 6.8.1973 (F. Willemse c. s.) (CW) and paratypes from several localities (CW). Material examined: GREECE: Crete holotype paratypes 2 M, 3 F, same data as holotype; paratypes 1 M, Lefka Ori, Linoseli above Xiloskalo, 1800 – 1900 m, 5.8.1973 (F. Willemse c. s.) (CW); paratype 1 M, Lefka Ori, Omalos, 1000 m, 4.8.1973 (F. Willemse c. s.) (CW); 2 M, Lefka Ori (Hütte Kallergi) (35 ° 19 ' N, 23 ° 54 ' E), 1600 m, 20.8.1991 (K. - G. Heller) (CH) (sound record); 1 M, 2 km südwestl. Lakki (35 ° 14 ' N, 24 ° 9 ' E), 500 m, 20.8.1991 (K. - G. Heller) (CH) (sound record); 3 M, Omalos-Hochfläche, Nordrand (35 ° 20 ' N, 23 ° 54 ' E), 1100 m, 20.8.1991 (K. - G. Heller & M. Volleth) (CH) (sound record); 1 M, Lefka Ori, near Kalergi refug. (35 ° 19 ' 20 '' N, 23 ° 55 ' 55 '' E), 1550 m, 30.7. 2007 (M. & K. - G. Heller) (CH).	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB921FFF1FF70EEAAFC8EECE3.taxon	distribution	Distribution: It is endemic to the western part of Crete.	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB92EFFF1FF70EA41FC11EEA5.taxon	description	(Figures 28, 73, 119, 165, 234, 235, 239, Appendix)	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB92EFFF1FF70EA41FC11EEA5.taxon	materials_examined	Type information: Holotype M, GREECE: Crete N. Lasithi ca. 500 N. N. 1 km oestl. Anatoli, NW Ierapetra, 16.8.1991 (K. – G. Heller & M. Volleth) (CW) (sound record); paratypes 2 M, Crete, N. Lasithi ca. 700 m N. N. 2 km oestl. Malles NW Ierapetra, 16.8.1991 (K – G. Heller & M. Volleth) (CH, ZSM) (sound record). Material examined: Holotype and paratypes.	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB92EFFF1FF70EA41FC11EEA5.taxon	distribution	Distribution: It is known from a restricted area in eastern Crete.	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB92EFFF1FF70EB84FD34E868.taxon	description	(Figures 29, 74, 120, 166, 208, 234, 239, Appendix)	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB92EFFF1FF70EB84FD34E868.taxon	materials_examined	Type information: Holotype M, GREECE: Crete, N. Lasithi ca. 1100 m, N. N. Katharo-Hochflaeche westl. Kritsa 22.8.1991 (K – G. Heller & M. Volleth) (CW); paratypes 2 M, 1 F same data as holotype (CH) (sound record). Material examined: Holotype and paratypes.	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB92EFFF1FF70EB84FD34E868.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Endemic to eastern Crete.	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB92EFFF2FF70EDFEFD34EDDC.taxon	description	(Figures 30, 75, 121, 167, 209, 230, 234 – 236, 239, Appendix)	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB92EFFF2FF70EDFEFD34EDDC.taxon	materials_examined	Type information: Holotype M, GREECE, Naxos, 9.1925 (A. Schulz); paratypes 1 M, 2 F, Crete (Ost. Kreta), Ierapetra, 7.1925 (A. Schulz) (ZMB). The type locality island of “ Naxos ” is considered to be doubtful and based on an exchange of labels (Willemse & Heller, 2001). Material examined: GREECE: Crete: holotype and paratypes; 5 M, Rethimni, Nidha-Hochfl. (Ideon Antron) (35 ° 12 ' N, 24 ° 49 ' E), 1400 m, 18.8.1991 (K. - G. Heller) (CH) (sound record); 1 M, Pardi oberhalb Kouroutes (35 ° 10 ' N, 24 ° 45 ' E), 800 m, 21.8.1991 (K. - G. Heller & M. Volleth) (CH) (sound record); 2 M, 4 km (auf Strasse) südl. (oberhalb) Anogia (Ida-Geb.) (35 ° 16 ' N, 24 ° 52 ' E), 1000 m, 17.8.1991 (K. - G. Heller & M. Volleth) (CH) (sound record), 2 M, 1 F, Mt. Ida, spring of Skaronero, above Kamares (35 ° 10 ' 50 '' N, 24 ° 48 ' 50 '' E), 1800 m, 28 vii 2007, (M. & K. - G. Heller) (sound record); 1 M, Mt. Ida (Psiloritis) above Kamares, camp site (35 ° 11 ' 40 '' N, 24 ° 47 ' 25 '' E), 1850 m, 29.7.2007, (M. & K. - G. Heller); 1 M, Mt. Dikti, 1250 & 1550 m, 1. & 5.8.1987 (J. M. Tilmans & J. F. R. Tilmans-Smid) (CW); 5 M, 4 F, Mt. Idhi Skicentre, 1550 m, 12.8.1987 (all J. M. Tilmans & J. F. R. Tilmans-Smid) (CW); 1 M, Crete, Skonef, 23.6.1987 (CW).	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB92EFFF2FF70EDFEFD34EDDC.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Endemic to eastern Crete.	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB92DFFF2FF70E902FB58EFE7.taxon	description	(Figures 31, 76, 122, 168, 210, 234, 239, Appendix)	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB92DFFF2FF70E902FB58EFE7.taxon	materials_examined	Type information: Holotype M, 10 M & 13 F paratypes: GREECE: Crete (Kreta), Nom. Lasithiou, Kato Zakros, 50 m, 14.6.1984 (A. Nadig) (CN, 1 M, 1 F CW) Material examined: GREECE: Crete: 1 M, 1 F paratypes; 2 M, Lasithi, zw. Kato Zakros - Zakros (35 ° 6 ' N, 26 ° 14 ' E), 200 m, 15.8.1991 (K. - G. Heller) (CH) (sound record).	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB92DFFF2FF70E902FB58EFE7.taxon	distribution	Distribution: It is endemic and restricted to a small range in the most eastern end of Crete.	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB92DFFF2FF70ECBFFAEBEB21.taxon	description	(Figures 33, 78, 124, 170, 239, Appendix)	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB92DFFF2FF70ECBFFAEBEB21.taxon	materials_examined	Type information: Holotype M, GREECE, Crete (Kreta), Sanmaria, 13.6.1942 (K. Zimmermann) (ZMB). Material examined: Holotype.	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB92DFFF2FF70ECBFFAEBEB21.taxon	distribution	Distribution: So far, this species is only known from the type material collected in western Crete.	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB92DFFF2FF70EB45FDC8E9A9.taxon	description	(Figures 32, 77, 123, 169, 211, 239, Appendix)	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB92DFFF2FF70EB45FDC8E9A9.taxon	materials_examined	Type information: Holotype M, TURKEY: Antalya, Gazipaşa, Sugözü, Maha Yaylası, Akçal Mevki, 1600 m, 5.8.1996 (B. Çıplak) (NHM); paratypes 5 M, 3 F same data as holotype (AUZM, 1 F in NHM). Material examined: Holotype and paratypes.	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB92DFFF2FF70EB45FDC8E9A9.taxon	distribution	Distribution: This species is known from the Tasheli Plateau in the north-east part of the Antalya province near the Mediterranean coast.	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB92DFFF3FF70EE07FF58ECE3.taxon	description	(Figures 34, 79, 125, 171, 212, 234, 239, Appendix)	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB92DFFF3FF70EE07FF58ECE3.taxon	materials_examined	Type information: Holotype M (and allotype F), TURKEY: “ Güllik-Dagh ” (Güllük Daǧı - Antalya) (NMW). Material examined: TURKEY: holotype paratype; Antalya: 5 M, 2 F, Termessos, 100 – 600, 19.7.1949 (T. Karabag) (NHM); 9 M, 9 F, Termessos, Güllük Daǧı, 850 m, 1.7.1996; 6 M, 6 F, 900 – 1000 m, 2.9.1996; 1 F, 1000 m, 23.10.1995; 2 M, 3 F, Termessos, Güllük Daǧı, 850 m, 21.6.1996 (B. Dönmez); 1 F, Termessos, Elmacık Beli, 800 m, 24.6.1996; 1 M, 900 – 1000 m, 27.6.1997 (B. Aslan); 1 M, Yenice, Kahvegül Daǧı, Termessos Harabeleri, 600 m, 19.7.1949 (S. Salman); 1 M, Termessos Anthic town, 878 m, 23 - 06 - 2005, N 36 59 280, E 030 28 051 (B. Ciplak, D. Sirin & M. S. Taylan) (in alcohol) (sound record) (all AUZM); 3 M, 2 F, Termessos (36 ° 58 ' N, 30 ° 30 ' E), 13.7.2002 (K. - G. Heller) (CH) (sound record); 1 F, Gebirge bei Alanya (Gündogmus) (36 ° 49 ' N, 31 ° 57 ' E), 11.7.2002 (K. - G. Heller) (CH); Isparta: 2 M, 2 F, Barla Dag above Baria, 500 – 2000 m, 21 & 23.7.1972 (L. Willemse & G. Ramaekers) (CW). Other published localities: Salman (1983).	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB92DFFF3FF70EE07FF58ECE3.taxon	distribution	Distribution: It is known only from Antalya and Isparta provinces located in the south-west part of Turkey.	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB92CFFF3FF70EC2FFCE6EB0F.taxon	description	(Figures 36, 81, 127, 173, 214, 230, 234, 236, 239, Appendix)	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB92CFFF3FF70EC2FFCE6EB0F.taxon	materials_examined	Type information: Holotype M, GREECE: Crete, Idi Oros, Kolita – Psiloritis, 1700 – 2100 m, 28 – 29.7.1973 (F. Willemse c. s.); paratypes 45 M, 60 F, same data as holotype (1 M and 1 F in NHM, others in CW). Material examined: GREECE: Crete: types; 2 M, 1 F, Mt. Ida (Psiloritis) above Kamares, camp site (35 ° 11 ' 40 '' N, 24 ° 47 ' 25 '' E), 1850 m, 29 vii 2007, (M. & K. - G. Heller) (CH) (sound record); 3 M, 1 F, Mt. Ida, spring of Skaronero, above Kamares (35 ° 10 ' 50 '' N, 24 ° 48 ' 50 '' E), 1800 m, 28 vii 2007 (M. & K. - G. Heller) (CH) (sound record).	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB92CFFF3FF70EC2FFCE6EB0F.taxon	distribution	Distribution: This species is endemic to central Crete.	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB92CFFF3FF70EEDDFB5CEAD1.taxon	description	(Figures 37, 82, 128, 174, 215, 239, Appendix)	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB92CFFF3FF70EEDDFB5CEAD1.taxon	materials_examined	Type information: Holotype M, GREECE: Crete (Kriti), Gavdos, 50 m, Karave, N 34 51 003 E 024 07.236, 11.6.2000 (J. M. Tilmans & J. F. R. Tilmans-Smid) (Coll. Tilmans) and additional paratypes (Tilmans, 2002). Material examined: GREECE: Crete: Paratype 1 M (same data as holotype); (CW); Paratype 1 M, 1 F, Gavdos, Kedres, 22.7 - 10.11.1996 (K. Paragamias) (in CW, in alcohol).	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB92CFFF3FF70EEDDFB5CEAD1.taxon	distribution	Distribution: This species is endemic to the island of Gavdos located in the south of Crete.	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB92CFFF3FF70EA41FA20E939.taxon	description	(Figures 35, 80, 126, 172, 213, 239, Appendix)	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB92CFFF3FF70EA41FA20E939.taxon	materials_examined	Type information: Holotype M, TURKEY, Antalya, Takhtalidag (Tahtalıdaǧ), 2000 m, 19.8.1947 (P. H. Davis), 1 M, 1 F same data as holotype (NHM). Material examined: TURKEY: Antalya: holotype and paratypes; 2 M, Tahtalıdag, 1600 m, 10.1949; 1 M, 1100 m, 12.7.1949; 2 F, 1400 m, 9.7.1949 (P. H. Davis) (NHM); 1 M, Tahtalıdaǧ, 1500 m, 24.9.1995, (B. Çıplak); 3 M, 3 F, Termessos, Güllük Daǧı, 850 m, 1.7.1996; 1 M, 900 – 1000 m, 2.9.1996 (B. Çıplak); 1 F, 850 m, 21.6.1996 (B. Dönmez); 1 M, Elmacık Beli, 500 m, 24.6.1996 (B. Aslan) (all AUZM). Other published localities: Salman (1983), Ünal (2006).	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB92CFFF3FF70EA41FA20E939.taxon	distribution	Distribution: This species is known in the western part of Antalya province in the southwest of Turkey.	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB92BFFF4FF70EDCCFDF5EA09.taxon	description	(Figures 40, 85, 131, 177, 239, Appendix)	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB92BFFF4FF70EDCCFDF5EA09.taxon	materials_examined	Type information: Holotype M, TURKEY: Kahramanmaras, Tekir Koyu, Avratotlugu Semti, 1300 m, 25.7.1976 (S. Salman) (NHM). Material examined: Holotype.	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB92BFFF4FF70EDCCFDF5EA09.taxon	distribution	Distribution: The ranges of three related species E. sevketi, E. excisa and E. demirsoyi constitute a chain along the Amanus and Nur Mts and that of the last species is at the most northern end within the borders of Kahramanmaras and Adana provinces.	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB92BFFF4FF70E8CCFBA3E81D.taxon	description	(Figures 38, 83, 129, 175, 216, 239, Appendix)	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB92BFFF4FF70E8CCFBA3E81D.taxon	materials_examined	Type information: Holotype M, TURKEY: Hatay, Dörtyol, 7.8.1931 (Şevket Bey). Material examined: TURKEY: Hatay: Holotype; 1 M, 1 F, S. O. Anatolien, nahe Ersin (Erzin) b. Dörtyol, 20 – 22.6.1937 (W. Ramme); 5 M, 4 F, S. O. Anatolien, Amanus b. Dörtyol, 23.6.1937 (W. Ramme) (1 M in NHM, others in ZMB); 1 F, Dörtyol, Yeşilkent, Yukarı İçmeler, 22.8.1976 (S. Salman) (NHM); Adana: 1 M, 2 F, Kozan, Sırkıntı Nahyesi, 20.8.1976 (S. Salman) (NHM, 1 F AUZM )); 1 M, 1 M, 1 F, İmamoǧlu, Üçtepe- Hasanlı arası, 150 m, 20.6.1995, (B. Çıplak) (AUZM). Osmaniye: Yarpuz, Karataş Köyü, 21.8.1976 (S. Salman) (AUZM). Other published localities: Salman (1983).	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB92BFFF4FF70E8CCFBA3E81D.taxon	distribution	Distribution: The range of the species is associated with the plains in west side of Amanus Mountains in the north of Hatay, east of Adana and Osmaniye provinces of Turkey in its eastern Mediterranean part. Eupholidoptera excisa (Karaba ğ, 1952) (Figures 39, 84, 130, 176, 217, 239, Appendix)	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB92BFFF4FF70E8CCFBA3E81D.taxon	materials_examined	Type information: Holotype F, TURKEY: Osmaniye (Adana), Bahçe, Dildil Daǧı, 1600 – 2000 m, 27.8.1949 (P. H. Davis) (NHM). Material examined: TURKEY: Holotype; 2 M, 1 F, Osmaniye (Adana), Kanlıgeçit Köyü, 25.7.1976 (S. Salman) (NHM); 1 M, 1 F, Yarpuz, 900 m, 3.9.1977 (S. Salman) (1 F NHM, 1 M AUZM); 1 M, Haruniye, Kurtlar Köyü, 900 m, 4.9.1977.	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB92BFFF4FF70E8CCFBA3E81D.taxon	distribution	Distribution: The range of this species is associated with the Amanus mountain within the borders of Osmaniye province (previously belonging to Adana province) of Turkey in its eastern Mediterranean part. Compared to the range of E. sevketi, range of E. excisa is more northwards.	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB92BFFF5FF70EFDFFDE7EEA0.taxon	description	(Figures 41, 86, 132, 178, 218, 230, 234, 240, Appendix)	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB92BFFF5FF70EFDFFDE7EEA0.taxon	materials_examined	Type information: Holotype M, TURKEY: “ Gjöl banhi “ (ZMB) (leg. v. Luschan); paratype 1 M, Fethiye (Makri) (Krüper) (ZMB); Karabag (1958) has given this locality as ‘ Gölbasi’ in Bursa, however, this seems not to be correct. Ramme (1930) mentions only “ Gjöl Banhi ” in Asia Minor and paratypes from Makri (= Fethiye). The transfer to Bursa (as Gölbasi) may have done by Karabag (1958). According to v. Luschan’s notes the locality is situated between the provinces of Antalya and Mugla (see Heller, 2004: 6 for more details). Material examined: TURKEY: Holotype and paratype; Mugla: 3 M, Gökova, 29.5.1985, (B. Gürkan) (HUBM); 2 M, 2 F, Fethiye, Tloss Antik kenti, 470 m, 8.5.2004, N 36 33 294, E 029 25 174 (B. Ciplak, D. Sirin & M. S. Taylan) (in alcohol in AUZM); 1 F, Xanthos (ca. 130 km sw Antalya) (36 ° 23 ' N, 29 ° 17 ' E), 5.6.2000 (K. - G. Heller) (CH). Antalya: 1 M, Kemer, Kuzdere village, 14.5. 2006, 267 m, N 36 ° 36.168, E 030 ° 28.823 (D. Sirin & M. S. Taylan) (in alcohol in AUZM); 3 M, 5 F, Demre (Kale) – Road to Kas, 15. km from Derme, 120 m, 19.5.2006, N 36 ° 14.555, E 029 ° 56.698 (D. Sirin & M. S. Taylan) (sound record) (in alcohol in AUZM); 1 M, between Kalkan-Sütleǧen, 1 km to Bezirgan village, 749 m, 5.6.2006, N 36 17 251, E 029 28 091 (B. Ciplak, D. Sirin & M. S. Taylan) (sound record) (in alcohol in AUZM); 2 M, 1 F, Kale (ca. 100 km sw Antalya) (36 ° 15 ' N, 29 ° 59 ' E), 100 m, 4.6.2000 (K. - G. Heller) (CH) (sound record). Other published localities: Ramme (1933), Ünal (2006).	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB92BFFF5FF70EFDFFDE7EEA0.taxon	distribution	Distribution: E. krueperi has a relatively large range in south-west Turkey and is recorded from the Aydin, Mugla and Antalya provinces.	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB92AFFF5FF70EB82FD3AE891.taxon	description	(Figures 42, 87, 133, 179, 219, 240, Appendix)	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB92AFFF5FF70EB82FD3AE891.taxon	materials_examined	Type information: Holotype M, TURKEY: Mersin: “ Gozna ” (Gözne), Cilic. Taurus, 1895 (M. Holtz) (ZMB). Material examined: TURKEY: Mersin: Holotype; Elazig: 1 M, 1 F, Sivrice, 9.6.1951 (in DZ with unknown collector).	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB92AFFF5FF70EB82FD3AE891.taxon	distribution	Distribution: This species is known from Southern Taurus in the Mersin Province. Although there is a record of the species from the Elazıg province in Eastern Anatolia, this may be due to mislabelling. The genus Eupholidoptera has not been recorded from this region and. this is also evident by the recent studies in this district (Ciplak et al. 1996; Erman & Salman 1992).	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB92AFFF6FF70EE57FD64EC6F.taxon	description	(Figures 43, 88, 134, 180, 220, 231, 234, 240, Appendix)	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB92AFFF6FF70EE57FD64EC6F.taxon	materials_examined	Type information: Holotype M, TURKEY: Mersin, Erdemli, Güzeloluk Yaylası, Eserkuyu yöresi 650 m, 30.8.1977 (S. Salman) (NHM); 1 F paratype, same data as holotype. Material examined: TURKEY: Mersin: Holotype and paratype; 1 M, 1 F, Erdemli, Kanlıdivane, 230 m, 16.6.1995 (B. Çıplak) (AUZM); 3 M, unterhalb Güzeloluk (bei Köserlı) (36 ° 45 ' N, 34 ° 7 ' E), 1400 m, 6.7.2002 (K. - G. Heller) (CH); 1 M, Fındıkpınarı (36 ° 50 ' N, 34 ° 20 ' E), 4.7.2002 (K. - G. Heller) (CH) (sound record); 2 M, 1 F, unterhalb Güzeloluk (22 km von Erdemli) (36 ° 44 ' N, 34 ° 9 ' E), 1000 m, 6.7.2002 (K. - G. Heller) (CH) (sound record); Konya: 9 M, 14 F, Seydişehir, Maden Daǧı, Alacabel, 1500 – 1650 m, 18.7.1997 (B. Çıplak) (AUZM); Isparta: 4 F, Egirdir, 1000 m, 04.10.2003 (D. Sirin) (AUZM).	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB92AFFF6FF70EE57FD64EC6F.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Contrary to other species in the genus, this species has a relatively large range in the southern Taurus within the borders of Mersin, Konya and Isparta provinces. The population in the northern part (Konya and Isparta) shows some differences from that in the south (Mersin) (compare figure A and B in Figures 88, 220). However, these regional populations do not deserve to be defined as separate species, but subspecies level classification is not considered.	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB929FFF7FF70E9FDFAE2EBC5.taxon	description	(Figures 44, 89, 135, 181, 221, 229, 232, 234, 240, Appendix)	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB929FFF7FF70E9FDFAE2EBC5.taxon	materials_examined	Type information (= Material examined): Holotype M, allotype F, paratypes 3 M and 3 F: GREECE: Kikladhes: Andros, north of Vourkoti (37 ° 52 ' N, 24 ° 52 ' E), 30 – 31 vii 2003 (coll. K. - G. Heller, M. Volleth) [additional label: CH 6151 (holotype: CW / RMNH - collection of Fer Willemse, Eygelshoven, The Netherlands, in the future in National Museum of Natural History, Leiden, The Netherlands), (Allotype: CW / RMNH); CH 6152 - 5, dry, CH 6235 - 7, stored in alcohol; left tegmen of CH 6235 and CH 6237 and and titillator of CH 6237 stored separately) (all in CH except CH 6153 (CW / RMNH ))] (sound record); additional paratypes: 19 M, 10 F, GREECE, Kikladhes, Andros Isl., 1 km N of Vourkoti towards Achia (N 37 º 52 ’ 17. 7 ’’, E 24 º 53 ’ 30. 1 ’’, 600 m), 28 & 30 vii 2004, (coll. D., F. & L. Willemse & T. Blauw); 3 F, GREECE Kikladhes, Andros Isl., W of Amolochos (NO of Gavrio) (N 37 º 55 ’ 07. 4 ’’, E 24 º 45 ’ 55.7 ’’, 400 m; 29 vii 2004 (coll. D., F. & L. Willemse & T. Blauw); 11 M, 11 F, GREECE, Kikladhes, Tinos Isl. above Kardiani (N 37 º 36 ’ 22.6 ’’, E 25 º 04 ’ 28.2 ’’, 300 m), 01 viii 2004 (coll. D., F. & L. Willemse & T. Blauw); 2 M, 1 F, GREECE (N. Tzia) Profits Iliac (N 37 º 37 ’ 11.7 ’’, E 24 º 21 ’ 13.9 ’’, 550 m), 14 vi 2005 (coll. L. Willemse); 1 M, GREECE (N. Tzia) Kastriani (village) - Ioulis at junction to Spathi, 315 m (N 37 º 39 ’ 46.5 ’’, E 24 º 22 ’ 57.4 ’’ 315 m), 13 vi 2005 (coll. L. Willemse) (all in CW / RMNH).	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB929FFF7FF70E9FDFAE2EBC5.taxon	description	Description: Male. General appearance strikingly small for the genus; pronotum, legs and elytra as in genus. Ventral margins of mid femur unarmed, hind femur provided with 1 – 3 tiny spines along inner side. Stridulatory file on underside of left tegmen (paratype “ CH 6235 ”) (Figure 229) with shortest distance between proximal and distal end 2.6 mm; about 95 teeth, including proximal and distal ones; spacing of teeth in mid two thirds of file from 35 teeth per mm. Last abdominal tergite (Figure 89) oriented in situ vertically, partly covered by subgenital plate; wider than long, greatest length around middle, in middle with a wide heart-shaped, lighter coloured wrinkled impression, edges somewhat irregular, in last fifth of its length divided by a short median incision with rounded edges; in alcohol preserved material it can be seen that the incision is distinctly broader than shown in Figure 89) (probably drying artefact), broad enough that the titillator could pass through. Cercus (Figure 44) relatively short, slightly longer than greatest length of last abdominal tergite, simple, cylindrical, slightly curved inward, distally from middle at inner side with a protuberance, apical part straight, tip obtusely conical, in situ reaching or slightly surpassing tip of styli. Subgenital plate (Figure 135) robust, slightly wider than long, almost completely divided by a deep median triangular incision, joined at very base, creating apical lobes, which partly slide along each other; apical lobe in ventral view triangular, with a distinct median keel, wide at base, narrowing towards base of stylus, depressed at either side, posterior margin somewhat swollen, covered with short erect hairs; in lateral view evenly convexly curved dorsad; styli short, ca. 2 times its maximal width, located apically, spherical without a protuberance or spine at base, covered with short erect hairs. Titillator (Figure 181) with basal parts extending and curved laterad as usual; apical parts fused over entire length, as long as basal parts, relatively thick, wrinkled, incised in apical third, in lateral view straight, narrow at base, widening towards apex; tips of titillator reaching in situ median incision of last abdominal tergite. Colouration: General colouration brown or green. Occiput anteriorly with a more or less extended blackish spot with a median yellow line; frons with few small blackish spots, some extended into a short stripe; head behind eyes black with a narrow yellowish stripe at dorsal edge. Pronotum with dorsal disc uniformly coloured brown or green, upper part of lateral lobe blackish, clearly separated from yellow or greenish yellow lower part of disc. Elytra solid black, along costal (lateral) edge somewhat lighter. Abdomen ventrally conspicuously reddish in life specimens, last abdominal tergite generally black, central part, however, light brown (stippled in Figure 89). Hind femur at base dorsally with a few distinct solid black spots, distal half dorsally dark colored, partly blackish. In general the black colouration is more pronounced in the Andros population than in the Tinos and Tzia populations e. g. in the latter the blackish spots at base of hind femur are fewer and smaller and sometimes completely missing. Female: As male. Subgenital plate (Figure 221): slightly wider than long, trapezoid, at base with a small, semicircular to semisquare lateral sclerite; hind margin with a median incision along one sixth of total length, apical lobes evenly rounded; 7 th sternite with a weakly developed protuberance. Ovipositor slightly curved upwards as typical for the genus. Measurements (length in mm): body 16 – 19 (M), 17 – 20 (F); pronotum 6 – 7 (M); 6.5 – 7.5 (F); hind femur 15 – 16.5 (M), 16 – 18 (F); ovipositor 13 – 15. Bioacoustics: The song is similar to that of other Eupholidoptera species. It consists of isolated syllables produced in long series with the opening hemisyllable much shorter and softer than the closing hemisyllable (Figure 232; syllable duration ca. 50 ms, syllable repetition rate ca. 1.5 Hz at 25 ºC; details see Figure 234 and Table 1). If two males are close together, they often alternate regularly. Karyology: The specimens which were examined karyologically (2 M, 2 F, holo- and paratypes; in Warchalowska et al. 2005 as Eupholidoptera sp. (ex Andros )) had 31 acrocentric chromosomes (fundamental number 31) in the male (X 0) and 32 in the female (XX). The same number was found in all species of the genus studied so far (Warchalowska et al. 2005). Habitat: In Andros, the species was found in two different habitat, in lush bushes (e. g. Rubus) near a small spring and on dry, treeless hill slopes with ferns, Thymus, Cistus and various thorny bushes (e. g. Genista). In Tinos a population was found along the road with lush vegetation (e. g. Rubus spp.) while on Tzia they were collected below a hill top with scattered oak trees with an undergrowth mainly consisting of two species of Cistus.	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB929FFF7FF70E9FDFAE2EBC5.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known from the Greek Kikladhes islands Andros, Tinos and Tzia (Kea).	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB929FFF7FF70E9FDFAE2EBC5.taxon	diagnosis	Differential diagnosis: Eupholidoptera comprises some 46 species. Based on the shape of the male cercus, which lacks a basal tooth but does show an internal protuberance, E. kykladica can easily be separated from most other species of Eupholidoptera. However, the same type of cercus is shared with some 15 other species of Eupholidoptera, 9 of which (E. prasina, E. anatolica, E. tahtalica, E. tauricola, E. mersinensis, E. tasheliensis, E. tucherti, E. karabagi, E. unimacula and E. femorata) occur in Turkey, 6 of which are known to occur in Greece (Aegean islands): E. icariensis, E. spinigera, E. annamariae, E. cretica, E. forcipata and E. giuliae. In E. tahtalica, E. tauricola and E. unimacula the male subgenital plate lacks styli which are present in all the other species. In E. kykladica the male subgenital plate lacks a spine at the base of the styli. Male subgenital plates without a spine at the base of the styli are also found in E. anatolica, E. giuliae, E. annamariae, E. cretica, E. forcipata. Of these 5 species three differ from E. kykladica in having the apical arms of the male titillator not fused: E. anatolica, E. forcipata and E. giuliae. In E. annamariae (limited to Kriti), the apical arms of the titillator are long, slender and not widened apically, as against short, widened and wrinkled apically in E. kykladica. From E. cretica it can be separated by the shape of the titillator, the apical part of which diverges in E. cretica and the length of the styli, which in E. cretica are as long as the cerci.	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB929FFF7FF70E9FDFAE2EBC5.taxon	etymology	Etymology: Named after the Kikladhes, the group of islands where the species has been collected.	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB928FF88FF70EF1BFE74EC6F.taxon	description	(Figures 45, 90, 136, 182, 222, 240, Appendix)	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB928FF88FF70EF1BFE74EC6F.taxon	materials_examined	Type information: Holotype M and allotype F, GREECE: Kithira (Cerigo), 1893 (C. Brunner) (ZMB). Material examined: GREECE: Kithira: types; 1 M, 1 F, 250 m, 1.5 km WNW Monastery Ayia Moi, 7.2 km E of Frilingianika, N 36 15.607 E 023 02 808, 11 – 17.5.2002 (J. M. Tilmans & J. F. R. Tilmans-Smid) (CW).	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB928FF88FF70EF1BFE74EC6F.taxon	distribution	Distribution: This species is endemic to Kithira Island located between the northwest of Crete and southwest of Peloponnesus.	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB957FF88FF70E9FDFEA0E8AC.taxon	description	(Figures 46, 91, 137, 183, 223, 230, 234, 240, Appendix)	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB957FF88FF70E9FDFEA0E8AC.taxon	materials_examined	Type information: Holotype M, TURKEY: “ Smyrna ” (Izmir), labelled as “ prasinus m. det. Br. v. W., 5942 ”) (NMW). Material examined: TURKEY: Izmir: Holotype. Mugla: 1 M, 1 F, Güllük (37 ° 14 ' N, 27 ° 36 ' E), 6.4.1987 (M. Gebhardt) (CH) (sound record); 1 F, Agla, 25.7.1947 (NHM); 2 M, Marmaris, Cebiskiri (in Quercus), 28.6.1959 (NHM); 6 M, 8 F, Fethiye, Tuzbeli, Kırkmagaralar Mevki, 1650 m, 19.7.1997 (B. Çıplak) (AUZM); Denizli: 3 M, Pammukale, 450 m, 19.7.1986 (J. Tilmans); (+ 1 female B. Çıplak don.) (CW); Manisa: 2 M, 2 F, W. Anatolien, Manisa dag b. Manisa, 3 – 900 m, 10 – 11.8.1937 (W. Ramme) (ZMB); 1 F, Manisa Dagı, Sultan Yaylası, 800 m, 9.7.1977 (S. Salman) (NHM); Burdur: 1 M, Çayaǧzı, Ören, Kemer, 21.7.1987 (A. Demirsoy) (AUZM); Antalya: 2 M, 1 F, Gazipaşa, Maha Yaylası, 1600 m, 12.7.1997 (B. Çıplak) (AUZM); Karaman: 4 M, 4 F, road from Ermenek to Gülnar, 10 km after Bardat, 1645 m, 17.7.2005, N 36 24 932, E 033 09 882 (B. Ciplak, D. Sirin & M. S. Taylan) (in alcohol) (sound record) (AUZM); Mersin: 5 M, 3 F, Kasyayla (oberhalb Anamur) (36 ° 15 ' N, 32 ° 54 ' E), 9.7.2002 (K. - G. Heller) (CH) (sound record); 10 M, 9 F, Karaman-Gülnar Yolu 60. km, Görmel Yaylası, 1450 m, 12.7.1997 (AUZM?); GREECE: Island of Samos: 1 M, Marathokambos (v. Qertzen, Pholidoptera prasina Br. Ramme det.) (NMW); 1 M, Vathy, 31.6.1936 (F. Werner) (ZMB); Island of Chios: 2 M, 1 F, (2 M in NMW and 2 M in ZMB). 1 M, Chios (Coll. Werner) (ZMB).	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB957FF88FF70E9FDFEA0E8AC.taxon	distribution	Distribution. E. prasina is the species with the largest range in the species group. Its range covers the southern half of Aegean Turkey and the western half of Mediterranean Turkey and to the east Aegean islands Chios and Samos. The old record of this species from Antalya, Güllük Daǧı by Karabag (1958) refers to E. karabagi.	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB957FF88FF70EDB2FD60EAEB.taxon	description	(Figures 47, 92, 138, 184, 224, 234, 240, Appendix)	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB957FF88FF70EDB2FD60EAEB.taxon	materials_examined	Type information: Holotype M (and paratype M), TURKEY: Mugla, Dalyan, Iztuzu, 36 46 N, 28 38 E, 2.6.1988, (R. Kinzelbach). Material examined: TURKEY: Mugla: 1 M, Dalaman, Kocagöl, 100 m, 22.6.1998 (B. Yalım) (AUZM); 1 M, 1 F, unterhalb Bayir (koy) (ca. 17 km sw Marmaris) (36 ° 43 ' N, 28 ° 8 ' E), 8.6.2000 (K. - G. Heller) (CH) (sound record); Antalya: 1 M, Akdeniz University, Social Guest House, 30 m, N 36 ° 53.947, E 030 ° 39.324, August 2006 (B. Çıplak) (in alcohol, AUZM).	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB957FF88FF70EDB2FD60EAEB.taxon	distribution	Distribution: This species is restricted to the southern part of Muǧla and western part of Antalya provinces in the western Mediterranean Turkey.	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB956FF8AFF70ED76FB3BEC6F.taxon	description	(Figures 50, 95, 141, 187, 227, 231, 234, 240, Appendix)	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB956FF8AFF70ED76FB3BEC6F.taxon	materials_examined	Type information: Holotype M, TURKEY: Mersin, Mut, Sertavul Geçidi, 1600 m, 21.9.1995 (B. Çıplak) (NHM); Paratype 1 F, same data as holotype (AUZM). Material examined: TURKEY: Mersin: holo- and paratype; 3 M, 1 F, unterhalb Güzeloluk (22 km von Erdemli) (36 ° 44 ' N, 34 ° 9 ' E), 1000 m, 6.7.2002 (K. - G. Heller) (CH) (sound record); 1 M, 2 F, bei Uzuncaburç (= Abzweigung nach Diocaesarea) (36 ° 36 ' N, 33 ° 54 ' E), 5.7.2002 (K. - G. Heller) (CH); 1 F, Alahan (36 ° 52 ' N, 33 ° 18 ' E), 7.7.2002 (K. - G. Heller) (CH).	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB956FF8AFF70ED76FB3BEC6F.taxon	distribution	Distribution: This species is restricted to the western part of Mersin province in Eastern Mediterranean Turkey.	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB956FF8AFF70ED76FB3BEC6F.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Ünal (2006) reported that E. femorata may be a synonym of E. unimacula. This conclusion was mainly based on the probability of the presence of styli at the hind margin of the subgenital plate in the holotype of E. unimacula, since presence / absence of styli was considered to be one of the diagnostic characters of these species by Çıplak (1999). During this study, type material and new specimens of these two species were examined. Although both species share numerous similarities and there is a possibility of loosing of styli in E. unimacula, there are further diagnostic characters that support the assumption that each is an independent evolutionary unit. Especially, the long unfused part of apical arms of the titillators (longer than fused part) and the shallow incision of the female subgenital plate (less than half the medial length) in E. femorata separates it distinctly from E. unimacula, in which the unfused parts of the apical arms are shorter than the fused part and the incision of the female subgenital plate is deeper than half the medial length (compare Figures 226, 227). Thus, each of them was considered to be a separate taxon.	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB956FF89FF70E8CCFA29E9F0.taxon	description	(Figures 48, 93, 139, 185, 225, 234, 240, Appendix)	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB956FF89FF70E8CCFA29E9F0.taxon	materials_examined	Type information: Holotype M, TURKEY: Antalya, Termessos, 25.7.1979 (S. Salman) (NHM); paratype 1 F, same data as holotype (NHM). Material examined: TURKEY: Antalya: Holotype and paratype; 3 M, 8 F, Tahtalıdaǧ, 1500 m, 24.9.1995 (AUZM); 3 M, 3 F, Termessos, Güllük Daǧı, 1.7. 1996, 850 m; 1 F, 1000 m, 23.10.1995 (AUZM); 2 M, 2 F, Termessos, Güllük Daǧı, 900 – 1000 m, 2.9.1996 (B. Çıplak) (AUZM); 2 M, Termessos, Güllük Daǧı, 850 m, 21.6.1996 (B. Dönmez) (AUZM); 1 M, Termessos, Elmacık Beli, 500 m, 24.6.1996 (B. Aslan) (AUZM); 1 M and 1 F in CW, others in AUZM); 3 M, 2 F, Termessos (36 ° 58 ' N, 30 ° 30 ' E), 13.7.2002 (K. - G. Heller) (CH) (sound record).	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB956FF89FF70E8CCFA29E9F0.taxon	distribution	Distribution: E. karabagi is restricted to west part of Antalya Province in the western part of Mediterranean Turkey. The erroneous assumption of a Greek record (Salman 1983) is based on an exchange of figures in Willemse (1980, 1985). Eupholidoptera unimacula Karaba ğ, 1956 (Figures 49, 94, 140, 186, 226, 240, Appendix)	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB956FF89FF70E8CCFA29E9F0.taxon	materials_examined	Type information: Holotype M, TURKEY: Mersin, Nazimiye, 8.8.1952 (O. K. Gülen) (NHM); Paratype 1 F, Fındıkpınarı Yaylası, 20.6.1952 (NHM); Paratypes 2 F, Fındıkpınarı Yaylası, 20.6.1952 and 24.7.1952 (Ö. K. Gülen) (HUBM). Material examined: TURKEY: Mersin: holo- and paratypes. Other published localities: Ünal (2006).	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB956FF89FF70E8CCFA29E9F0.taxon	distribution	Distribution: This species is restricted to Mersin Province in the eastern part of Mediterranean Turkey.	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB955FF8AFF70E9C5FA23EE55.taxon	description	(Figures 51, 96, 142, 188, 228, 234, 240, Appendix)	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB955FF8AFF70E9C5FA23EE55.taxon	materials_examined	Type information: Holotype M, GREECE: Island of Ikaria, Therma, 14 – 21.6.1977 (M. C. & G. Kruseman) (ITZ); additional paratypes from several localities. Material examined: GREECE: Island of Ikaria: Holotype; Paratypes 2 F, same data as holotype; paratypes 5 F (1 nymph), Ikaria, Therma Loutra, 16.6.1963 & Ayios Kirikos, 17.6.1963 (S. Daan & V. v. Laar) (ITZ); 1 M, Ikaria, S. Drosopoulos, 1982 (F. Willemse) (CW); 1 M, Ikaria (37 ° 36 ' N, 26 ° 9 ' E), 23.5.1998 (K. - G. Heller & M. Volleth) (CH) (sound record); 3 M (nymphs), Perdiki (37 ° 39 ' N, 26 ° 17 ' E), 23.5.1998 (K. - G. Heller & M. Volleth) (CH).	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
AD38C73DB955FF8AFF70E9C5FA23EE55.taxon	distribution	Distribution: It is endemic to the island of Ikaria in the central Aegean close to the Anatolian mainland.	en	Ciplak, Battal, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Willemse, Fer (2009): 2156. Zootaxa 2156: 1-75
