taxonID	type	description	language	source
AC024E6BFFFFFFC5FF2951394381FE1D.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Indopinnixa sipunculana Manning & Morton, 1987. Emended diagnosis. Carapace much wider than long, transversely elliptical; integument firm; front narrow, with shallow median groove; dorsal surface generally glabrous, sparsely punctate, regions poorly defined, sometimes with blunt or clearly demarcated transverse ridge across cardiac region, ridge not extending entirely across carapace; orbit broadly ovate, with wide inner hiatus partly occupied by basal article of antennal peduncle. Eyestalks very short, completely filling orbits. Antennular peduncles folded into wide fossae, separated by shallow median septum, under front. Maxilliped 3 with ischium and merus completely fused (= ischiomerus), narrow, subtrapezoidal; palp (carpus + propodus + dactylus) as long as or longer than ischiomerus; propodus and dactylus flattened, tongue-shaped; dactylus articulated to middle portion of flexor margin of propodus, far overreaching rounded distal margin of propodus. Chelipeds compressed, setose; palm with a longitudinal line of granules and setae along midline of outer surface; fingers slender, dactylus upper margin typically with row of long setae. Ambulatory pereopods (pereopods 2 – 5) relative lengths P 4> P 3 ≥ P 2> P 5; pereopod 4 heavy, merus particularly stout, marginally granulate or dentate. Male pleon constricted, with at least somites 5 and 6 functionally fused (sutures between somites may be discernible); no gonopodal plate developed on inner side; telson much wider than long, wider than pleomere 6. Female pleon consisting of six free somites, not concealing lateral parts of thoracic sternum. Male gonopod 1 tapering distally, but shape and setation of distal part variable according to species. Composition. Seven species (all from the Indo-West Pacific): Indopinnixa haematosticta (Sakai, 1934) n. comb., I. kasijani Rahayu & Ng, 2010, I. moosai Rahayu & Ng, 2010, I. mortoni Davie, 1992, I. oryza Naruse & Maenosono, 2012, I. shellorum Ng, 2014 and I. sipunculana (type species).	en	Komai, Tomoyuki, Naruse, Tohru, Yokooka, Hiroyuki, Taru, Masanori, Shimetsugu, Miho, Watanabe, Tetsuya (2022): Redescription of Pinnixa haematosticta Sakai, 1934, its transfer to Indopinnixa Manning & Morton, 1987, and a reappraisal of Indopinnixa kumejima Naruse & Maenosono, 2012 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae). Zootaxa 5100 (3): 361-389, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5100.3.3
AC024E6BFFFFFFC5FF2951394381FE1D.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The monophyly of Pinnixa has been questioned (e. g., Rahayu & Ng 2010; Naruse & Maenosono 2012; Palacios Theil et al. 2016), and recently, Palacios Theil & Felder (2020) partially revised American species assigned to Pinnixa and allied genera based on molecular phylogenetic analysis in combination with morphological studies. As a result, Pinnixa was restricted to its type species P. cylindrica (Say, 1818), and the other 20 species reexamined were reassigned to Glassella Campos & Wicksten, 1997, Scleroplax Rathbun, 1894 and the three newly established genera, Rathbunixa Palacios Theil & Felder, 2020, Sayixa Palacios Theil & Felder, 2020 and Tubicolixa Palacios Theil & Felder, 2020. The generic placement of the seven Asian species (Pinnixa balanoglossana Sakai, 1934, P. banzu Komai, Nishi & Taru, 2014, P. haematosticta Sakai, 1934, P. lata Komatsu & Takeda, 2009, P. penultipedalis Stimpson, 1858, P. rathbuni Sakai, 1934, and P. tumida Stimpson, 1858), however, were not addressed. Manning & Morton (1987) distinguished Indopinnixa from Pinnixa s. l. primarily by the fusion of the male pleomeres 5 and 6, rather than all pleomeres been freely articulated in Pinnixa s. l. However, Naruse & Maenosono (2012) argued that species assigned to Pinnixa at the time exhibit various degree of fusion of the male pleomeres. The molecular phylogenetic analyses by Palacios Theil & Felder (2020) placed a clade including Indopinnixa kumejima and I. moosai in sister relation to a clade including some species of Pinnixa s. l. [P. abbotti Glassell, 1935, P. arenicola Rathbun, 1922, P. floridana Rathbun, 1918 Glassella costaricana (Wicksten, 1982), Laminapinnixa miamiensis McDermott, 2014, and Laminapinnixa faxoni (Rathbun, 1918)]. On the basis of the inferred phylogenetic pattern, Laminapinnixa McDermott, 2014 was synonymised with Glassella Campos & Wicksten, 1997 in spite of the considerable difference in the structure of the maxilliped 3; while Indopinnixa and Glassella were maintained as distinct genera for the time being. From the morphological perspective, species assigned to Indopinnixa and Glassella share the following features: at least pleomeres 4 – 6 are functionally fused, although sutures are sometimes evident on the outer surface; the telson does not taper, being wider than the narrowest portion of the pleomere 6; the maxilliped 3 dactylus is large and heavy, longer than the propodus; the external surface of the chela palm often bears longitudinal ridges or lines of granules on the midline; the pereopod 4 is very stout (cf. Manning & Morton 1987; Davie, 1992; Rahayu & Ng 2010; Naruse & Maenosono 2012; Ng 2014; Palacios Theil & Felder 2020; Felder & Palacios Theil 2020). Species assigned to Indopinnixa differ from those assigned to Glassella as diagnosed by Palacios Theil & Felder (2020) in the absence of a gonopodal plate developed on the inner side of the male pleon and the rather simple, generally tapering gonopod 1 (although the shape of the distal part is rather variable according to species). In species assigned to Glassella, all from the West Atlantic, including the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea, the male pleon has a gonopodal plate or sheath extending between or against gonopods (cf. McDermott 2014; Palacios Theil & Felder 2020); and the male gonopod 1 is relatively stout, terminally forming sharp angle, spinose tip, or distally to laterally directed corneous filament. Differentiating characters among the genera of Pinnixinae Števčić, 2005 refer to Palacios Theil & Felder (2020). Our studies show that Pinnixa haematosticta agrees closely with Indopinnixa, and is in fact, very similar morphologically to I. kumejima. Here the generic diagnosis of Indopinnixa is emended, and Pinnixa haematosticta is transferred to Indopinnixa.	en	Komai, Tomoyuki, Naruse, Tohru, Yokooka, Hiroyuki, Taru, Masanori, Shimetsugu, Miho, Watanabe, Tetsuya (2022): Redescription of Pinnixa haematosticta Sakai, 1934, its transfer to Indopinnixa Manning & Morton, 1987, and a reappraisal of Indopinnixa kumejima Naruse & Maenosono, 2012 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae). Zootaxa 5100 (3): 361-389, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5100.3.3
AC024E6BFFF8FFCEFF295258463FFAE5.taxon	description	(Figs. 2 – 8, 16)	en	Komai, Tomoyuki, Naruse, Tohru, Yokooka, Hiroyuki, Taru, Masanori, Shimetsugu, Miho, Watanabe, Tetsuya (2022): Redescription of Pinnixa haematosticta Sakai, 1934, its transfer to Indopinnixa Manning & Morton, 1987, and a reappraisal of Indopinnixa kumejima Naruse & Maenosono, 2012 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae). Zootaxa 5100 (3): 361-389, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5100.3.3
AC024E6BFFF8FFCEFF295258463FFAE5.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: KPM-NH 107899, female (2.9 × 6.9 mm), off Kisami, Shimoda, Izu Peninsula, Japan, 20 fathoms, sandy bottom, mixed with dead shells. Other material examined. Honshu: CBM-ZC 15286, 1 male (2.5 × 5.3 mm), Ena Bay, Miura Peninsula, Kanagawa Prefecture, intertidal, inhabiting tube of terebellid worm, 13 April 2013, digging with shovel, coll. T. Unagami and M. Taru; CBM-ZC 15287, 1 ovigerous female (4.2 × 9.2 mm), same locality, intertidal, 26 July 2014, digging with shovel, coll. K. Yokoyama; CBM-ZC 15288, 1 female (3.2 × 7.4 mm), same locality, 7 June 2015, digging with trowel, coll. M. Taru; RUMF-ZC- 5948, 1 male (3.2 × 6.5 mm), Tagoshi River estuary, Zushi, Kanagawa Prefecture, 23 April 2019, coll. H. Nakajima; RUMF-ZC- 5949, 1 male (2.7 × 5.8 mm), Aburatsubo, Miura, Kanagawa Prefecture, 24 May 2019, coll. H. Nakajima; CBM-ZC 15290, 2 females (3.5 × 7.6, 3.5 × 7.8 mm, latter specimen DNA voucher), Tsumeki-zaki, Shimoda, Shizuoka Prefecture, shallow subtidal, 21 September 2016, yabby pump, coll. H. Yokooka; CBM-ZC 15291, 1 male (3.6 × 8.3 mm), 1 female (4.1 × 8.5 mm), same locality, 3 December 2016, yabby pump, coll. H. Yokooka; CBM-ZC 15289, 1 androgynous specimen (2.6 × 5.6 mm), Kujyuppama, Shimoda, Shizuoka Prefecture, sand flat, 16 September 2016, coll. H. Yokooka; CBM-ZC 15292, 1 androgynous specimen (2.7 × 5.6 mm), Uramura, Toba, Mie Prefecture, intertidal, 20 June 2015, digging, coll. M. Shimetsugu; CBM-ZC 15293, 1 female (2.7 × 5.8 mm), same locality, 2 April 2017, digging, coll. M. Shimetsugu; CBM-ZC 9135, 1 androgynous specimen (2.5 × 4.7 mm), Fukaura, Kasado Island, Shimomatsu, Yamaguchi Prefecture, intertidal sand flat, 13 October 2002, digging with shovel, coll. H. Fukuda. Kyushu: RUMF-ZC- 6000, 3 ovigerous females (2.8 × 5.8, 3.0 × 6.1, 3.1 × 6.8 mm, second specimen DNA voucher), Kamenokojima, Sasebo, Nagasaki Prefecture, 33.1259 N, 129.6783 E, 3 October 2017, coll. T. Naruse & P. K. L. Ng; CBM-ZC 15294, 2 females (2.8 × 6.0, 2.8 × 6.4 mm), Aitsu, Matsushima, Kami-Amakusa, Kumamoto Prefecture, intertidal, 21 April 2004, coll. T. Watanabe; CBM-ZC 15295, 1 ovigerous female (2.8 × 6.6 mm), same locality, 11 July 2006, coll. T. Watanabe; CBM-ZC 15296, 1 female (2.3 × 5.7 mm), same locality, 12 March 2008, coll. T. Watanabe; NSMT-Cr 6470, 2 males (3.0 × 6.4, 3.5 × 7.4 mm), 3 females (3.3 × 7.0 – 3.6 × 7.5 mm), off Taniyama, Kagoshima Bay, 30 – 50 m, 7 May 1970; RUMF-ZC- 5955, 9 males (1.8 × 3.3 – 2.9 × 6.1 mm), 5 females (1.9 × 3.7 – 3.1 × 6.4 mm), 15 ovigerous females (1.9 × 3.9 – 3.0 × 6.8 mm), Fukiage Beach, Kominato, Minami Satsuma, Satsuma Peninsula, Kagoshima Prefecture, beach combing after typhoon, 20 September 2016, coll. D. Uyeno; CBM-ZC 16586, 3 males (2.7 × 5.5 – 2.9 × 6.1 mm), 3 ovigerous females (2.9 × 6.0, 3.2 × 6.6, 3.3 × 6.9 mm, first specimen DNA voucher), same data; CBM-ZC 15297, 1 male (2.5 × 5.5 mm), 1 female (4.0 × 9.1 mm), Kumano Fishing Port, Naka-Tane, Tanegashima Island, 0.5 m at low tide, 18 May 2018, yabby pump, coll. T. Komai.	en	Komai, Tomoyuki, Naruse, Tohru, Yokooka, Hiroyuki, Taru, Masanori, Shimetsugu, Miho, Watanabe, Tetsuya (2022): Redescription of Pinnixa haematosticta Sakai, 1934, its transfer to Indopinnixa Manning & Morton, 1987, and a reappraisal of Indopinnixa kumejima Naruse & Maenosono, 2012 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae). Zootaxa 5100 (3): 361-389, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5100.3.3
AC024E6BFFF8FFCEFF295258463FFAE5.taxon	description	Redescription. Male. Body and appendages well-sclerotized. Carapace (Figs. 2 A; 3 – C) transversely ovate, 2.1 – 2.3 times wider than long; dorsal surface gently convex in general, sparsely punctate, with very short, pigmented setae on front and adjacent to anterior margin; regions poorly defined, only shallow, median gastrocardiac groove discernible; cardiac region transversely elevated, with low but clearly delimited transverse ridge falling far short of posterolateral margins. Front slightly bilobed, slightly more than 0.1 times carapace width; lateral angle bluntly angular. Supraorbital margin entire, slightly limbed laterally, confluent with suborbital margin; suborbital margin smooth, entire. Hepatic region slightly swollen. Anterolateral margin gently arcuate, defined by granular ridge not confluent with supraorbital margin, starting some distance from orbit, forming distinct projection at juncture with posterolateral margin; posterolateral margin smooth, slightly sinuous, distinctly converging towards almost straight posterior carapace margin. Subhepatic region with low oblique ridge obscured by numerous short, plumose setae; suborbital region narrow; pterygostomial regions smooth. Ocular peduncle (Figs. 2 A, 3 A – C) filling orbit, stout, with scattered very short, darkly pigmented setae on dorsal surface; cornea narrower than ocular peduncle, darkly pigmented. Antennule (Fig. 3 B, C) with basal articles sub-globular, separated by median septum; distal 2 articles folded transversely; article 3 slightly longer than article 2; upper and lower flagella both shorter than article 3. Antenna with subquadrate basal article in contact with orbit; flagellum short. Epistome (Fig. 3 C) longitudinally very narrow, posteromedian margin protruded into buccal space as short ridge; anterior buccal flame gently convex on either side of median ridge, with distinct suture at base of antennal article 1. Maxillipeds 3 with large propodi and dactyli (Fig. 3 D, E), endopod and its setae filling most of buccal space. Ischium and merus completely fused to form subtriangular plate (= ischiomerus), external surface without median sulcus, but keeled along inner margin, outer margin obscured by numerous short to long plumose setae. Carpus shorter than ischiomerus, outer surface with numerous short plumose setae. Propodus subovate, spatuliform, with scattered short plumose setae on external surface. Dactylus also spatuliform, articulated at middle portion of flexor margin of propodus, widest at distal 0.25 length, distal part wider than proximal, tip rounded. Inner margins of ischiomerus and carpus, inner to distal margin of propodus, and inner margin of dactylus with very long, thick setae for filter feeding. Exopod completely hidden by outer margin of ischiomerus, shorter than ischiomerus, tapering distally, outer margin with subtriangular lobiform structure at about midlength; flagellum much shorter than exopod. Chelipeds (Figs. 2 A, B; 4 A) not enlarged; subequal and similar. Basis and ischium fused but suture visible, surfaces almost glabrous. Merus relatively short, without conspicuous armature, most surfaces obscured by plumose setae; upper surface almost flat, with few granules on proximal outer portion; inner margin convex, with row of granules; outer surface rounded; lower surface glabrous, with row of granules along outer side. Carpus short, cupshaped, also without conspicuous armature; upper surface with few short setae. Chela 1.9 – 2.2 times as long as high, fairly compressed; lower margin slightly sinuous. Palm 1.3 – 1.4 times as long as high; upper margin delimited by row of granules, obscured by numerous setae; outer surface with numerous short plumose setae obscuring scattered granules on upper half and having median longitudinal row of granules accompanied by short setae; inner surface with sparse, very short setae on dorsal side and numerous short to long plumose setae adjacent to lower margin; lower margin rounded, not carinate; fingers with wide hiatus filled by plumose setae; fixed finger nearly straight, not deflexed, terminating in small curved tip, occlusal margin with 2 or 3 blunt teeth at least in distal half. Dactylus 0.8 times as long as palm, noticeably curved, leaving distinct hiatus when closed; upper margin smooth or with row of minute granules and numerous plumose setae, occlusal margin armed with 1 small tooth at midlength. Ambulatory legs moderately long, pereopod 4 largest, pereopod 5 smallest. Pereopod 2 (Fig. 2 A, B; 4 B, C) moderately slender. Basis-ischium fused article short, with few granules on posterior margin. Merus slightly recurved, slightly narrowed distally, subtriangular in cross section; anterior surface non-carinate, with row of plumose setae; posterior surface with row of setae on upper side, otherwise almost glabrous. Carpus with extensor margin sharply carinate, flexor margin rounded with row of plumose seta on upper side. Propodus almost glabrous, 0.9 – 1.4 times as long as wide, 0.5 – 0.7 length of carpus; extensor margin sharply carinate, noticeably convex in large specimens; flexor margin also sharply carinate, less convex than upper margin. Dactylus nearly straight, 1.5 times as long as propodus, tapering to small corneous tip, with 4 distinct longitudinal carinae (extensor and flexor margins sharply carinate, upper and lower surfaces also each with median carina); extensor margin with short sparse setae. Pereopod 3 (Figs. 2 A, B; 4 D, E) moderately slender. Basis-ischium fused article short, with some granules on posterior face. Merus compressed, anterior margin bluntly carinate, nearly straight, with row of short to long plumose setae over entire length and row of small granules at least on proximal half; posterior surface bicarinate distally, with row of plumose setae on over entire length and row of granules at least on proximal half of upper side; upper and lower surfaces glabrous. Carpus with extensor margin gently convex and sharply carinate; flexor surface rounded with row of short to long plumose setae. Propodus 1.2 – 1.8 times as long as wide, almost glabrous except for row of short setae on flexor margin; extensor margin noticeably convex, sharply carinate; flexor margin gently convex, sharply carinate. Dactylus nearly straight, 1.5 times as long as propodus, tapering to small corneous tip, with 4 distinct longitudinal carinae (extensor and flexor margins sharply carinate, outer and inner surfaces also each with median carina); upper surface with row of short stiff setae on space between extensor and upper carinae. Pereopod 4 (Figs. 2 A, B; 4 F, G) stout, large, fairly compressed. Coxa enlarged, with prominent, glabrous lobe anteroventrally. Basis-ischium fused article with flat posterior surface, with few granules distally. Merus subovate, compressed, 1.7 – 2.0 times longer than wide; anterior margin gently convex, carinate, with rows of coarse granules and of plumose setae; upper surface with scattered coarse granules adjacent to anterior margin, obscured by plumose setae; lower surface smooth, glabrous; posterior surface concealed by dense plumose setae, flanked by carinae, upper carina delimited with single or double row of granules, becoming obsolete proximally, and with row of plumose setae; lower carina distinct over entire length, slightly sinuous, bordered with coarse granules. Carpus short, widened distally; extensor margin sharply carinate; upper surface with scattered short plumose setae; lower surface glabrous; flexor surface forming shallow concavity accommodating posterodistal angle of merus, defined on upper side by row of granules. Propodus tapering distally, 1.6 times as long as wide; extensor margin slightly convex, sharply carinate; upper surface with scattered short setae; lower surface glabrous; flexor surface flanked by sharp, granulate carinae, with dense plumose setae. Dactylus almost straight, subequal in length to propodus, tapering to small corneous claw, with 5 longitudinal carinae and sparse short setae; flexor surface narrow, with 2 longitudinal rows of short setae. Pereopod 5 (Figs. 2 A, B; 4 H) short, fairly compressed, falling far short of distal margin of merus of pereopod 4 when extended, with numerous long plumose setae on margins. Coxa with prominent knob-like protuberance on dorsodistal margin. Basis-ischium fused article with few granules on posterior surface. Merus twice as long as wide, anterior margin bluntly carinate, granulate; upper and lower surfaces almost glabrous; posterior surface flanked by sharp, granulate carinae, with numerous plumose setae. Carpus extensor margin non-carinate; upper and lower surfaces almost glabrous. Propodus subquadrate, 1.2 times as long as wide, extensor margin not carinate; upper and lower surfaces almost glabrous; posterior surface thickly setose. Dactylus subequal in length to propodus, subconical, with 2 rows of short stiff setae on extensor margin. Thoracic sternum (Figs. 2 B; 5 A, B, D) wide, polished, edges of sternites abutting sutures granular or smooth. Sternites 1 and 2 incompletely fused, deeply sunken into buccal cavity together with anteromedian part of sternite 3, obscured by thick setae; only lateral parts of sternite 3 clearly visible. Sternite 3 and 4 clearly separated by distinct, granulate ridge; distal part of gonopod 1 fitted into oblique lateral part of sternite 3. Sternite 4 with granules anteriorly; each anterolateral margin produced into rounded lobe, separated by anterolateral angle of sternite 3 by deep notch. Sternites 5 – 7 almost smooth, sternite 7 longitudinally widest. Sternite 8 wide, fully exposed, widened toward lateral margin, nearly perpendicular against horizontal plane of carapace, but partially visible in dorsal view, with transverse rows of setae, not extending to lateral margin, on midline and on morphologically anterior margin along suture, extending over entire width. Sterno-pleonal cavity deep, reaching to base of buccal cavity, marked by distinct ridges where sternites fit against lateral margins of closed pleon; margins of sterno-pleonal cavity along sternites 4 – 6 smooth, not granular; those on sternites 5 and 6 posteriorly raised to form prominent tubercles that grip closed pleon (Fig. 5 C); press-button pleonal locking mechanism reduced into tiny tubercle inside of sterno-pleonal cavity of sternite 5 near suture between sternites 4 / 5. Penis sternal. Pleon (Figs. 2 B; 5 E, F) narrow, constricted, outer surface polished. Somites 1 and 2 transversely wide and very short, somite 1 with transverse row of short setae on midline. Somite 3 widest, trapezoidal, lateral margins rounded proximally. Somites 4 – 6 functionally fused, immobile although sutures clearly visible; somite 4 trapezoidal, lateral margins with shallow concavity corresponding to ledge-like structure on thoracic sternite 6; somite 5 subquadrate, lateral margins sinuous, concavities corresponding to ledge-like structure on thoracic sternite 5; somite 6 widened distally, with lateral margins concave; gonopodal plate absent. Telson covering posterior part of buccal cavity, almost as wide as pleomere 3, about 2 times as wide as long; lateral margin strongly convex, distal margin bilobed with shallow median notch. Male gonopod 1 (Fig. 5 G, H) relatively long, somewhat compressed, reaching posterior end of buccal cavity, gently curved outward, outer and inner margins with row of numerous long, plumose setae; distal process delimited by slight constriction at base, strongly compressed, faintly recurved, terminal margin blunt, with patch of dense very short stiff setae on distal half of dorsal surface; shoulder at base of distal process with tuft of numerous long setae reaching to terminus of distal process. Male gonopod 2 very short, gently curved, with slightly inflated, spatuliform tip, less than 0.2 length of gonopod 1; base strongly inflated. Female. Carapace (Figs. 6 A; 7 A) generally similar to that of males (2.2 times as wide as long in holotype), but anterolateral margins slightly more sloping; cardiac region usually with distinct transverse ridge. Chela (Figs. 6 A, B; 7 B) proportionally smaller than in males, 2.3 – 2.5 times as long as high; lower margin nearly straight or faintly sinuous. Palm 1.4 – 1.6 times as long as high; upper margin with row of granules; outer surface with scattered granules superior to median line of setae; occlusal margin of fixed finger with row of 3 – 5 small blunt teeth. Dactylus 0.7 – 0.8 times as long as palm, curved distally, terminating in acute tip; upper margin gently arcuate, with row of granules; occlusal margin with 1 small but conspicuous tooth at about mid-length, and with row of minute teeth distal to median tooth. Pereopods 2 – 5 relatively shorter than in males (cf. Fig. 6 A, B versus Fig. 2 A, B; Fig. 7 C – G). Pereopod 2 propodus slightly wider than long (1.1 times as wide as long in holotype) to 1.3 times as long as wide. Pereopod 3 propodus 1.3 – 1.6 times as long as wide. Pereopod 4 merus 1.7 – 1.9 times as long as wide. Female thoracic sternum (Fig. 6 B) with most surfaces smooth or only slightly punctate, sometimes with sparse setae partially; lateral parts of sternites 4 – 8 exposed, not concealed by closed pleon (but developed setae on lateral margins of pleon sometimes covering lateral parts of sternite). Sternites 3 and 4 completely fused; widely concave anterior margin fringed with dense setae. Gonopore tubercle (vulva) small, low, generally rounded, extending anteriorly across half-length of sternite 6, overreaching more than half length of sternite 5; gonopore rounded (Fig. 7 I). Pleon (Figs. 6 B; 7 H) relatively narrow (lateral parts of thoracic sternum exposed), subcircular, somite 4 widest; in ovigerous females, lateral margins fringed with thick setae covering lateral parts of thoracic sternum. Telson (Fig. 7 H) 3.1 – 3.3 times as wide as long, reaching to bases of maxilliped 3, distal margin straight or slightly concave. Colouration in life. Base color of body and appendages gray-brown or brown, sometimes mottled, on dorsal side, whitish or pale yellow-brown on ventral side; carapace dorsal surface occasionally with reddish brown patches; thoracic sternites, pleon and lower surfaces of pereopods occasionally with scattered brown or gray spots; setae on pereopods generally brown (Figs. 6 A, B; 8 A, B). Size. Males 1.8 × 3.3 – 3.6 × 8.3 mm; ovigerous females 1.9 × 3.9 – 4.2 × 9.2 mm. Abnormalities. Three specimens [CBM-ZC 9135 (2.5 × 4.7 mm), 15289 (2.6 × 5.6 mm) and 15292 (2.7 × 5.6 mm)] are androgynous in having male-like pleons (cf. Fig. 8 B) with functionally fused pleomeres 4 – 6, which are proportionally slightly wider than in normal males, gonopores on the thoracic sternite 6, and pleomeres 2 – 5, of which the anterior two pairs are biramous and posterior two pairs are uniramous; the sterno-pleonal cavity is proportionally wider than in normal males, defined by less developed ridges; rudimentary press buttons are evident. The size of these androgynous specimens are included in the range of the adult size of the species (see above “ Size ”). Androgyny in the Brachyura is little known, but some examples have been reported in the pinnotherid Pinnotherinae De Haan, 1833 (e. g., Manning 1993, 1998; Ahyong and Ng 2008; Ahyong 2020), the varunid Pseudopinnixa Ortmann, 1894 (Komai & Konishi 2012), and the ocypodid Leptuca Bott, 1973 (Zou & Fingerman 2000), the potamid Geothelphusa Stimpson, 1858 (e. g. Takahashi et al. 2000), and portunid Catoptrus A. Milne-Edwards, 1870 (Naruse & Uyeno 2021). In the case of Indopinnixa haematosticta n. comb., there is no doubt that the observed androgyny represents an abnormality.	en	Komai, Tomoyuki, Naruse, Tohru, Yokooka, Hiroyuki, Taru, Masanori, Shimetsugu, Miho, Watanabe, Tetsuya (2022): Redescription of Pinnixa haematosticta Sakai, 1934, its transfer to Indopinnixa Manning & Morton, 1987, and a reappraisal of Indopinnixa kumejima Naruse & Maenosono, 2012 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae). Zootaxa 5100 (3): 361-389, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5100.3.3
AC024E6BFFF8FFCEFF295258463FFAE5.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. So far known only from Japan: Kanagawa Prefecture to Tanegashima Island in Ohsumi Islands, southern Kyushu (Pacific side) and Yamaguchi Prefecture (Sea of Japan side); intertidal to 50 m. Most specimens examined were extracted from sand substrates by using yabby pumps or shovels (see “ Material examined ”). One male specimen (CBM-ZC 15286; Ena Bay, Miura, Kanagawa Prefecture) was collected from a tube of terebellid worm, representing an example of possible association.	en	Komai, Tomoyuki, Naruse, Tohru, Yokooka, Hiroyuki, Taru, Masanori, Shimetsugu, Miho, Watanabe, Tetsuya (2022): Redescription of Pinnixa haematosticta Sakai, 1934, its transfer to Indopinnixa Manning & Morton, 1987, and a reappraisal of Indopinnixa kumejima Naruse & Maenosono, 2012 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae). Zootaxa 5100 (3): 361-389, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5100.3.3
AC024E6BFFF8FFCEFF295258463FFAE5.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The female holotype of Indopinnixa haematosticta n. comb. is now in rather poor condition: the entire cephalothorax, pleon and appendages are decalcified; the right cheliped is missing; setae on appendages thickly bear mucus-like matter, sometimes making difficult to observe detailed structure of those appendages; in particular, the maxillipeds 3 are completely obscured, which is difficult to remove without much damage to the specimen. Fortunately, Sakai (1934, 1939, 1976) provided a figure of the maxilliped 3. The following features are still visible in the holotype: carapace broad (> 2.0 times as long as broad), with sharply delimited transverse carina, falling far short of lateral margins of carapace, on weakly elevated cardiac region (Fig. 7 A); chela with lines of numerous setae on upper and lower margins and along mid-line of outer surface of palm (Fig. 7 C); fixed finger of chela not deflexed, straight (Fig. 7 C); cheliped dactylus nearly straight except for curved tip, shorter than palm (Fig. 7 C); carpi of pereopods 2 and 3 each with sharply carinate extensor margin (Fig. 7 D, E); propodi of pereopods 2 and 3 each with sharply carinate extensor and flexor margins (Fig. 7 D, E); merus of pereopod 4 stout, 1.8 times as long as wide, posterior surface filled with dense plumose setae (Fig. 7 F, G); pleomere 1 with fringe of short setae extending onto thoracic sternite 8 as transverse row (setae omitted in Fig. 7 E, but see Fig. 6 B for supplemental information). We identified the newly collected material from Japanese mainland used in this study based on these features. Yamauchi & Konishi (2005) failed to detect a sharply delimited transverse carina on the cardiac region of the carapace in the holotype, but we confirmed its presence, as specifically mentioned and illustrated by Sakai (1934, 1935, 1939, 1976). Examination of the male specimens has clarified that this species has functionally fused pleomeres 4 – 6, and this led the authors to assign Pinnixa haematosticta to Indopinnixa. Additional characters that are potentially generically diagnostic, shared with the other species of Indopinnixa include: the maxilliped 3 dactylus is large and heavy, longer than the propodus (Fig. 3 D, E); the external surface of the chela palm bears longitudinal ridges or lines of granules on the midline (Fig. 5 A); the pereopod 4 is very stout (Figs. 4 F, G; 7 F, G); the male pleon is devoid of a gonopodal plate developed on the inner surface (Fig. 5 F); the telson does not taper, being wider than the narrowest portion of the pleomere 6 (Fig. 5 E). The assignment of the present species to Indopinnixa requires careful comparison with congeners, because in previous works describing species of Indopinnixa, I. haematosticta n. comb. was not considered for comparison (Manning & Morton 1987; Davie 1992; Rahayu & Ng 2010; Naruse & Maenosono 2012; Ng 2014). The proportionally wider carapace (2.0 – 2.3 times as wide as long) usually with a distinct transverse carina on the cardiac region distinguishes I. haematosticta n. comb. from all but I. kumejima. In I. kasijani, I. moosai, I. mortoni, I. oryza and I. sipunculana, the carapace is twice or less than twice as long as wide, even in adults; there is no conspicuous transverse carina on the cardiac region of the carapace (cf. Manning & Morton 1987; Davie 1992; Rahayu & Ng 2010; Naruse & Maenosono 2012). Indopinnixa shellorum has a distinct transverse carina on the cardiac region of the carapace, but the carapace is distinctly proportionally narrower (1.6 times as wide as long; cf. Ng 2014) than in I. haematosticta n. comb., and the eyes are relatively larger in I. shellorum than in I. haematosticta n. comb. (cf. Ng 2014, fig. 3 A versus Figs. 3 A; 7 A). The shape of the distal process of the male first gonopod is also different between I. haematosticta and the other five species: in I. mortoni (cf. Davie 1992: fig. 1 D, E), I. oryza (cf. Naruse & Maenosono 2012: fig. 6 b, c) and I. sipunculana (cf. Manning & Morton 1987: fig. 1 F, G), the distal process is tube-like, almost straight; in I. kasijani (cf. Rahayu & Ng 2010: fig. 3 A, B) and I. shellorum (cf. Ng 2014: fig. 3 I, J, K), the distal process is also tube-like, but recurved; in I. moosai (cf. Rahayu & Ng 2010: fig. 6 A – D), the distal process is thick with a rounded terminal margin. Indopinnixa kumejima is morphologically very similar to I. haematosticta n. comb., sharing all diagnostic characters mentioned above. Differentiating characters between the two species are discussed under the account of I. kumejima. During this study, specimens identified with P. haematosticta n. comb. by Komatsu & Takeda (2009) have been reexamined, and the specific identify was confirmed. Miyake (1983) identified one female specimen from Nanki-Shirahama, Wakayama Prefecture, with Pinnixa haematosticta. However, according to the given picture (Miyake 1983: pl. 52, fig. 4), the pereopod 4 merus is devoid of a thick field of setae on the posterior surface, which is characteristic of I. haematosticta n. comb.; and the carapace is 1.6 times as long as wide, being fairly proportionally narrower than in I. haematosticta n. comb. rediagnosed herein. Consequently, it is considered that Miyake’s (1983) specimen represents a species other than I. haematosticta n. comb. Identifications of the following records remain to be verified, because no voucher specimens have been available for examination or no information on the morphology was provided: Miyake (1961: Ariake Sea); Miyake et al. (1962: Ariake Sea); Nagai (1990: Nanki-shirahama, Wakayama Prefecture); Marumura & Kosaka (2003: Tsuchiya, Ehime Prefecture). The identity of Pinnixa penultipedalis Stimpson, 1858, must now be considered in view of the present understanding of I. haematosticta n. comb. The species was originally described on the basis of a single female specimen from Hong Kong (Stimpson 1858). Posthumously, Stimpson (1907) gave a more detailed description of the species, but without any illustration. Records under this species name include Ortmann (1894; Nagasaki, Japan), Shen (1937; China), Barnard (1955; South Africa), Miyake (1961; Sea of Ariake, Japan), Miyake et al. (1962; Amakusa and Sea of Ariake, Japan), Watanabe & Tanida (2001; Harima-nada, Seto Inland Sea); Yamauchi & Konishi (2005; off Oki Island, Sea of Japan), and Youn et al. (2019; Korea). Watanabe (2012) changed the identification of Watanabe & Tanida (2001) to Pinnixa aff. penultipedalis because of the uncertainty of the identification. Some other workers have also mentioned on Pinnixa penultipedalis. For example, Sakai (1934; 1939) cited the accounts by the original author and the record by Ortmann (1894), and Sakai (1976) questioned the identification by Ortmann (1894). Dai et al. (1986) and Dai & Yang (1991) gave an account of the species, based on the account by Shen (1937). In the original description of Indopinnixa sipunculana, Manning & Morton (1987) compared their new taxon with P. penultipedalis. Naruse & Maenosono (2012) commented on the taxonomy of P. penultipedalis, suggesting that none of the subsequent records since Stimpson (1858, 1907) represent P. penultipedalis. The holotype of P. penultipedalis is no longer extant, because it was destroyed in the Chicago Fire of 1871 (Evans 1967). It is not easy to assess the generic position of Stimpson’s (1858) taxon because of the lack of sufficient morphological details in the existing descriptions (Stimpson 1858, 1907). Nevertheless, comparison with the description by Stimpson (1907) suggests that P. penultipedalis is not conspecific with I. haematosticta n. comb. because of the carapace having a transverse ridge near the posterior extremity traversing the whole breadth of the carapace and the pereopod 4 merus being fourfifths (= 0.8 times) as broad as long. In I. haematosticta n. comb., the carapace has a clearly delimited transverse ridge limited to the cardiac region; the merus of the pereopod 4 is about 0.4 – 0.6 times as broad as long. During this study, the male specimen identified with P. penultipedalis by Yamauchi & Konishi (2005; KPM 0000080) was reexamined. In conclusion, the specimen represents a different species from those referred to as P. penultipedalis by Shen (1937), Watanabe & Tanida (2001) and Youn et al. (2019) and possibly representing an undescribed species of Indopinnixa. This issue will be dealt with in a separate article. In order to fully establish the identity of P. penultipedalis, examination of material from the type locality, Hong Kong, which agrees with the description by Stimpson (1907), would be absolutely necessary. Recently, Wong et al. (2021) reported on a large amount of brachyuran material collected by trawling around Hong Kong, but P. penultipedalis was not rediscovered.	en	Komai, Tomoyuki, Naruse, Tohru, Yokooka, Hiroyuki, Taru, Masanori, Shimetsugu, Miho, Watanabe, Tetsuya (2022): Redescription of Pinnixa haematosticta Sakai, 1934, its transfer to Indopinnixa Manning & Morton, 1987, and a reappraisal of Indopinnixa kumejima Naruse & Maenosono, 2012 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae). Zootaxa 5100 (3): 361-389, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5100.3.3
AC024E6BFFF3FFD6FF2955404036FCB5.taxon	description	(Figs. 9 – 16)	en	Komai, Tomoyuki, Naruse, Tohru, Yokooka, Hiroyuki, Taru, Masanori, Shimetsugu, Miho, Watanabe, Tetsuya (2022): Redescription of Pinnixa haematosticta Sakai, 1934, its transfer to Indopinnixa Manning & Morton, 1987, and a reappraisal of Indopinnixa kumejima Naruse & Maenosono, 2012 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae). Zootaxa 5100 (3): 361-389, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5100.3.3
AC024E6BFFF3FFD6FF2955404036FCB5.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: RUMF-ZC- 1397, male (2.7 × 6.5 mm), off Shimajiri, Kume Island, Ryukyu Islands, Japan, 26 ° 19.054´N, 126 ° 48.702´E to 26 ° 18.958´N, 126 ° 48.724´E, 5.6 – 13.1 m, mud, KUMEJIMA 2009 Expedition, stn Dredge 69, 18 November 2009. Other material examined. Amami-ohshima Island: RUMF-ZC- 7321, 1 female (2.7 × 5.6 mm), Shirahama, Setouchi, sand, SCUBA & yabby pump, 6 August 2015, coll. T. Naruse. Okinawa Islands: CBM-ZC 16587, 1 male (2.4 × 5.1 mm), Sumuide, Yagaji Island, Okinawa Islands, 26 ° 40.50 ’ N, 128 ° 01.18 ’ E, intertidal, sand, 11 February 2016, coll. H. Yokooka; RUMF-ZC- 5958, 1 male (2.8 × 6.0 mm), Sashiki, Okinawa Island, 20 May 2019, coll. H. Nakajima. Kume Island (all by SCUBA & yabby pump): CBM-ZC 16588, Tatami-ishi, Oh-jima, 2 females (3.0 × 6.4 mm, 3.6 × 7.8 mm, latter specimen DNA voucher), 14 November 2016, coll. T. Naruse; CBM-ZC 16589, 1 male (3.6 × 8.1 mm), 1 female (3.9 × 8.7 mm), same data. Iheya Island: RUMF-ZC- 5957, 2 females (2.1 × 4.3, 2.2 × 4.3 mm), SE Shimajiri Fishery Port, 3 July 2020, coll. H. Nakajima. Yaeyama Islands: RUMF-ZC- 7322, 1 male (2.2 × 4.7 mm), 1 female (4.0 × 9.4 mm, DNA voucher), Midara, Iriomote Island, Yaeyama Islands, intertidal sand flat, associated with sipunculid worm, 17 May 2014, yabby pump, coll. T. Komai; RUMF-ZC 3666, 1 intersexual specimen (2.3 × 4.9 mm), same locality, 15 August 2014, coll. T. Naruse; RUMF-ZC 3667, 1 male (2.9 × 5.8 mm), Midara, Iriomote Island, 14 August 2014, coll. T. Naruse; RUMF-ZC- 7323, 2 males (2.0 × 5.5, 2.7 × 5.8 mm, latter specimen DNA voucher), Sotopanari Islet, Iriomote Island, 2 December 2014, coll. T. Naruse; RUMF-ZC 3668, 1 male (2.1 × 4.2 mm), Amitori Bay, Iriomote Island, 20 August 2014, coll. T. Naruse; CBM-ZC 16590, 1 male (3.4 × 8.2 mm), 2 females (3.6 × 8.0, 3.6 × 8.1 mm; latter specimen DNA voucher), Tsukiga-hama Beach, 1 – 2 m, 24 January 2021, coll. H. Nakajima, T. Sato and R. Ueda; RUMF-ZC- 5968, 2 males (3.3 × 6.7, 3.6 × 7.5 mm), 5 ovigerous females (3.2 × 6.7 – 3.8 × 8.2 mm), same data. Ogasawara Islands. Haha-jima Island (all by SCUBA & yabby pump): RUMF-ZC 4733, 1 male (3.6 × 7.6 mm), 1 ovigerous female (3.6 × 7.4 mm), Iguma Bay, 21 February 2016, coll. T. Naruse; RUMF-ZC- 7324, 1 male (3.4 × 7.2 mm), Iwashi-ne, Iguma Bay, 26.6613 N 142.1457 E, 21 February 2016, coll. T. Naruse; CBM-ZC 16591, 1 male (3.4 × 7.2 mm), 1 female (3.3 × 7.0 mm), Inarizushi-ne, Iguma Bay, 26.6655 N, 142.1466 E, 20 February 2016, coll. T. Naruse; RUMF-ZC- 7325, 1 male (3.8 × 8.5 mm), 1 female (3.9 × 8.8 mm, DNA voucher), same locality, 21 February 2016, coll. T. Naruse. Chichi-jima Island: CBM-ZC 16592, 1 female (3.1 × 6.8 mm; DNA voucher), Sakai-ura, 1 m, 14 December 2020, yabby pump, coll. H. Yokooka; CBM-ZC 16691, CBM-ZC 16691, 5 males (1.9 × 3.7 – 3.0 × 6.6 mm), 2 females (2.5 × 5.1, 2.6 × 5.3 mm), same data.	en	Komai, Tomoyuki, Naruse, Tohru, Yokooka, Hiroyuki, Taru, Masanori, Shimetsugu, Miho, Watanabe, Tetsuya (2022): Redescription of Pinnixa haematosticta Sakai, 1934, its transfer to Indopinnixa Manning & Morton, 1987, and a reappraisal of Indopinnixa kumejima Naruse & Maenosono, 2012 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae). Zootaxa 5100 (3): 361-389, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5100.3.3
AC024E6BFFF3FFD6FF2955404036FCB5.taxon	description	Redescription. Male. Body and appendages well-sclerotized. Carapace (Figs. 9 A; 10 A) transversely ovate, 2.1 – 2.3 times wider than long; dorsal surface gently convex in general, sparsely punctate, with very short, pigmented setae on front and adjacent to anterior margin; regions poorly defined, only shallow, median gastrocardiac groove discernible; cardiac region transversely elevated, with low but clearly delimited transverse ridge falling far short of posterolateral margins. Front slightly bilobed, slightly more than 0.1 times carapace width; lateral angle bluntly angular. Supraorbital margin entire, slightly limbed laterally, confluent with suborbital margin; suborbital margin smooth, entire. Hepatic region slightly swollen. Anterolateral margin gently arcuate, defined by granular ridge not confluent with supraorbital margin, starting some distance from orbit, forming distinct projection at juncture with posterolateral margin; posterolateral margin smooth, slightly sinuous, distinctly converging towards almost straight posterior carapace margin. Subhepatic region with low oblique ridge obscured by numerous short, plumose setae; suborbital region narrow; pterygostomial regions smooth. Ocular peduncle (Figs. 9 A; 10 A) filling orbit, stout, with scattered very short, darkly pigmented setae on dorsal surface; cornea narrower than ocular peduncle, darkly pigmented. Antennule with basal articles sub-globular, separated by median septum; distal 2 articles folded transversely; article 3 slightly longer than article 2; upper and lower flagella both shorter than article 3. Antenna with subquadrate basal article in contact with orbit; flagellum short. Epistome longitudinally very narrow, posteromedian margin protruded into buccal space as short ridge; anterior buccal flame gently convex on either side of median ridge, with distinct suture at base of antennal article 1. Maxillipeds 3 with large propodi and dactyli (Fig. 10 E), endopod and its setae filling most of buccal space. Ischiomerus completely fused to form subtriangular plate, external surface without median sulcus, but keeled along inner margin, outer margin obscured by numerous short to long plumose setae. Carpus shorter than ischium-merus fused article, outer surface with numerous short plumose setae. Propodus subovate, spatuliform, with scattered short plumose setae on external surface. Dactylus also spatuliform, articulated at middle portion of flexor margin of propodus, widest at distal 0.25 length, distal part wider than proximal, tip rounded. Inner margins of ischio-merus and carpus, inner to distal margins of propodus, and inner margin of dactylus with very long, thick setae for filter feeding. Exopod completely hidden by outer margin of ischio-merus, shorter than ischio-merus, tapering distally, outer margin with subtriangular lobiform structure at about midlength; flagellum much shorter than exopod. Chelipeds (Figs. 9 A, B; 12 A) not enlarged; subequal and similar, outer and inner surfaces of merus and carpus concealed by numerous short plumose setae. Basis and ischium fused but suture visible, surfaces almost glabrous. Merus relatively short, almost surfaces obscured by plumose setae, without conspicuous armature; upper surface almost flat, with few granules, on proximal outer portion; inner margin convex, with row of granules; outer surface rounded; lower surface glabrous, with row of granules along outer side. Carpus short, cup-shaped, also without conspicuous armature; upper surface with few short setae. Chela 1.9 – 2.2 times as long as high, fairly compressed. Palm 1.3 – 1.4 times as long as high; upper margin delimited by row of granules, and with short, pigmented, stiff setae; outer surface with numerous short plumose setae and scattered granules dorsally and with median longitudinal row of granules accompanied by short setae; inner surface with sparse, very short setae on dorsal side and numerous short to long plumose setae adjacent to lower margin; lower margin not carinate; fingers with wide hiatus filled by plumose setae; fixed finger nearly straight, not deflexed, terminating in small curved tip, occlusal margin with 1 or 2 small subterminal teeth. Dactylus 0.8 times as long as palm, noticeably curved, leaving distinct hiatus when closed; upper margin smooth or with row of minute granules and numerous plumose setae, occlusal margin unarmed or armed with 1 small tooth at midlength. Ambulatory legs moderately long, pereopod 4 largest, pereopod 5 smallest. Pereopod 2 (Figs. 9 A, B; 12 B) moderately slender. Basis-ischium fused article short, with few granules on posterior margin. Merus slightly recurved, slightly narrowed distally, subtriangular in cross section; anterior surface non-carinate, with row of plumose setae; posterior surface with row of setae on upper side, otherwise almost glabrous. Carpus with extensor margin sharply carinate, flexor margin rounded with row of plumose seta on upper side. Propodus almost glabrous, 1.5 times as long as wide; extensor margin sharply carinate, gently convex; flexor margin also sharply carinate, gently convex. Dactylus nearly straight, 1.4 – 1.5 times as long as propodus, tapering to small corneous tip, with 4 distinct longitudinal carinae (extensor and flexor margins sharply carinate, upper and lower surfaces also each with median carina); extensor margin with short sparse setae. Pereopod 3 (Figs. 9 A, B; 12 C) moderately slender. Basis-ischium fused article short, with some granules on posterior face. Merus fairly compressed, anterior margin bluntly carinate, nearly straight, with row of short to long plumose setae over entire length and row of small granules at least on proximal half; posterior surface bicarinate distally, with row of plumose setae on over entire length and row of granules at least on proximal half of upper side; upper and lower surfaces glabrous. Carpus with extensor margin gently convex and sharply carinate; flexor surface rounded with row of short to long plumose setae. Propodus 1.8 times as long as wide, almost glabrous except for row of short setae on flexor margin; extensor margin gently convex, sharply carinate; flexor margin slightly convex, sharply carinate. Dactylus nearly straight, 1.4 times as long as propodus, tapering to small corneous tip, with 4 distinct longitudinal carinae (extensor and flexor margins sharply carinate, outer and inner surfaces also each with median carina); upper surface with row of short stiff setae on space between extensor and upper carinae. Pereopod 4 (Figs. 9 A, B; 12 D, F) stout, large, compressed. Coxa enlarged, with prominent, glabrous lobe anterodorsally (Fig. 10 F). Basis-ischium fused article with flat posterior surface, with few granules distally. Merus subovate, fairly compressed, 2.1 – 2.3 times longer than wide; anterior margin nearly straight in proximal two-thirds and distal one-third weakly sloping, carinate over entire length, with row of coarse granules and of plumose setae; upper surface with scattered coarse granules adjacent to anterior and posterior margins; lower surface smooth, glabrous; posterior surface concealed by dense plumose setae, flanked by carinae, upper carina delimited with single or double row of granules, becoming obsolete proximally, and with row of plumose setae; lower carina distinct over entire length, slightly sinuous, bordered with coarse granules. Carpus short, widened distally; extensor margin sharply carinate; upper surface with scattered short plumose setae; lower surface glabrous; flexor surface forming shallow concavity accommodating posterodistal angle of merus, defined on upper side by row of granules. Propodus tapering distally, 1.7 times as long as wide; extensor margin slightly convex, sharply carinate; upper surface with scattered short plumose setae; lower surface glabrous; flexor surface flanked by sharp, granulate carinae, with dense plumose setae. Dactylus almost straight, subequal in length to propodus, tapering to small corneous claw, with 5 longitudinal carinae and sparse short setae; flexor surface narrow, with 2 longitudinal rows of short setae. Pereopod 5 (Figs. 9 A, B; 12 G) short, compressed, falling far short of distal margin of merus of pereopod 4 when extended, with numerous long plumose setae on margins. Coxa with prominent knob-like protuberance on dorsodistal margin (Fig. 10 F). Basis-ischium fused article with few granules on posterior surface. Merus anterior margin bluntly carinate; upper and lower surfaces almost glabrous; posterior surface flanked by sharp, granulate carinae, with numerous plumose setae. Carpus extensor margin non-carinate; upper and lower surfaces almost glabrous. Propodus subquadrate, 1.3 times as long as wide, extensor margin not carinate; upper and lower surfaces almost glabrous; posterior surface thickly setose. Dactylus subequal in length to propodus, subconical, with 2 rows of short stiff setae on extensor margin. Thoracic sternum (Fig. 9 B) wide, polished, edges of sternites abutting sutures granular or smooth. Sternites 1 and 2 incompletely fused, deeply sunken into buccal cavity together with anteromedian part of sternite 3, obscured by thick setae; only lateral parts of sternite 3 clearly visible. Sternite 3 and 4 (Fig. 10 B) clearly separated by distinct, granulate ridge; distal part of gonopod 1 fitted into oblique lateral part of sternite 3. Sternite 4 with granules anteriorly; each anterolateral margin produced into rounded lobe, separated by anterolateral angle of sternite 3 by deep notch. Sternites 5 – 7 almost smooth, sternite 7 longitudinally widest. Sternite 8 (Fig. 10 D) wide, fully exposed, widened toward lateral margin, nearly perpendicular against horizontal plane of carapace, but partially visible in dorsal view, with transverse rows of setae, not extending to lateral margin, on midline and on morphologically anterior margin along suture, extending over entire width. Sterno-pleonal cavity deep, reaching to base of buccal cavity, marked by distinct ridges where sternites fit against lateral margins of closed pleon; margins of sterno-pleonal cavity along sternites 4 – 6 smooth, not granular; margin on sternite 6 (and occasionally margin on sternite 5) posteriorly raised to form distinct tubercles that grip closed pleon (Fig. 10 C); press-button pleonal locking mechanism reduced into tiny tubercle inside of sterno-pleonal cavity of sternite 5, located near suture between sternites 4 / 5. Penis sternal. Pleon (Fig. 10 G) narrow, constricted, outer surface polished. Somites 1 and 2 transversely wide and very short, somite 1 with transverse row of short setae on midline. Somite 3 widest, trapezoidal, lateral margins rounded proximally. Somites 4 – 6 functionally fused, immobile although sutures clearly visible; somite 4 trapezoidal, lateral margins with shallow concavity corresponding to ledge-like structure on thoracic sternite 6; somite 5 subquadrate, lateral margins sinuous, concavities corresponding to ledge-like structure on thoracic sternite 5; somite 6 widened distally, with lateral margins concave; gonopodal plate absent. Telson covering posterior part of buccal cavity, almost as wide as pleomere 3, about 2 times as wide as long; lateral margin strongly convex, distal margin bilobed with shallow median notch. Male gonopod 1 (Fig. 10 H, I; 11 A, B) relatively long, somewhat compressed, reaching posterior end of buccal cavity, gently curved outward, outer and inner margins with row of numerous long, plumose setae; distal process delimited by slight constriction at base, strongly compressed, faintly recurved, terminal margin blunt, with patch of dense very short stiff setae on distal half of dorsal surface; shoulder at base of distal process with tuft of numerous long setae reaching to terminus of distal process. Male gonopod 2 similar to that of I. haematosticta, very short, gently curved, with slightly inflated, spatuliform tip, less than 0.2 length of gonopod 1; base strongly inflated. Female. Carapace (Fig. 13 A) generally similar to that of males, but anterolateral margins slightly more sloping. Chela (Fig. 13 A, B; 14 B) proportionally smaller than in males. Palm 1.6 times as long as high; upper margin with row of granules; outer surface with scattered granules superior to median line of setae; occlusal margin of fixed finger with row of 3 – 5 small blunt teeth. Dactylus 0.7 – 0.8 times as long as palm, curved distally, terminating in acute tip; upper margin gently arcuate, with row of granules; occlusal margin with 1 small but conspicuous tooth at about mid-length, and with row of minute teeth distal to median tooth. Pereopods 2 – 5 relatively shorter than in males (Fig. 13 A, B versus Fig 9 A, B; Fig. 15 A versus 15 B). Pereopod 2 propodus 1.3 – 1.5 times as long as wide. Pereopod 3 propodus 1.5 – 1.8 times as long as wide. Pereopod 4 merus 2.1 – 2.3 times longer than wide. Female thoracic sternum (Fig. 13 B) with most surfaces smooth or only slightly punctate, sometimes with sparse setae partially; lateral parts of sternites 4 – 8 exposed, not concealed by closed pleon (but setae on lateral margins of pleon covering lateral parts of sternite). Sternites 3 and 4 completely fused; widely concave anterior margin fringed with dense setae. Gonopore tubercle (vulva) small, low, generally rounded, extending anteriorly across half-length of sternite 6, reaching or falling slightly short of midlength of sternite 5; gonopore rounded (Fig. 14 A). Pleon (Figs. 13 B; 14 C) relatively narrow (lateral parts of thoracic sternum exposed), subcircular, somite 4 widest; in ovigerous females, lateral margins fringed with thick setae covering lateral parts of thoracic sternum. Telson (Fig. 14 C) 3.3 times as wide as long, reaching to bases of maxilliped 3, distal margin straight or slightly concave. Colouration in life. Carapace and pereopods generally yellowish brown or gray on dorsal side; carapace occasionally mottled; pereopods paler than carapace; sternum and pleon whitish, with scattered gray or brown chromatophores; lower surfaces of pereopods similarly coloured to sternites and pleon (Fig. 15 A, B). Size. Males 2.4 × 5.1 – 3.6 × 8.1 mm; ovigerous females 3.2 × 6.7 – 3.8 × 8.2 mm, largest female (non-ovigerous) 3.9 × 8.8 mm.	en	Komai, Tomoyuki, Naruse, Tohru, Yokooka, Hiroyuki, Taru, Masanori, Shimetsugu, Miho, Watanabe, Tetsuya (2022): Redescription of Pinnixa haematosticta Sakai, 1934, its transfer to Indopinnixa Manning & Morton, 1987, and a reappraisal of Indopinnixa kumejima Naruse & Maenosono, 2012 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae). Zootaxa 5100 (3): 361-389, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5100.3.3
AC024E6BFFF3FFD6FF2955404036FCB5.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known from the Ryukyu Islands and Ogasawara Islands; intertidal to 13.1 m. Habitat. Most specimens examined were extracted from soft sediments with yabby pump operation. The two specimens from Midara, Iriomote Island (RUMF-ZC- 7322), were collected from a burrow inhabited by a large sipunculid worm.	en	Komai, Tomoyuki, Naruse, Tohru, Yokooka, Hiroyuki, Taru, Masanori, Shimetsugu, Miho, Watanabe, Tetsuya (2022): Redescription of Pinnixa haematosticta Sakai, 1934, its transfer to Indopinnixa Manning & Morton, 1987, and a reappraisal of Indopinnixa kumejima Naruse & Maenosono, 2012 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae). Zootaxa 5100 (3): 361-389, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5100.3.3
AC024E6BFFF3FFD6FF2955404036FCB5.taxon	discussion	Remarks. As noted above, Indopinnixa kumejima is morphologically very similar to I. haematosticta. Initially, it was considered that the structure of the male gonopod 1 was substantially different between the two taxa, but reexamination of the holotype of I. kumejima has clarified that the figure in the original description (Naruse & Maenosono 2021: fig. 3 b, c) was not very accurate. The gonopod 1 of the holotype is re-figured herein (Fig. 11 A, B), and it is in fact very similar to that of I. haematosticta (Fig. 5 G, H). In order to test if more than one species are mixed up in the present series of specimens, nine 16 S sequences (520 – 534 bp) were newly obtained from four specimens from the Ryukyu Islands, two specimens from the Ogasawara Islands, and three specimens from the Japanese mainland. The topology of ML and NJ trees (Fig. 16) reveals that specimens from the Japanese mainland and those from the Ryukyu and Ogasawara Islands form reciprocal clades with 1.4 – 2.2 % sequence divergence with relatively high bootstrap support (94 / 98 % for the Japanese mainland clade, 69 / 88 % for the Ryukyu and Ogasawara Islands clade (ML / NJ bootstrap value )). Genetic divergence within the Japanese mainland clade is 0.6 – 0.8 %, whereas that within the Ryukyu-Ogasawara clade is 0 – 0.8 %. Therefore, we conclude that the two clades represent two species: the clade consisting of specimens from the Japanese mainland corresponds to I. haematosticta (type locality: Shimoda, Shizuoka Prefecture); and the clade consisting of specimens from the Ryukyu Islands and Ogasawara Islands corresponds to I. kumejima (type locality: Kume Island, Ryukyu Islands). Specimens from the Ogasawara Islands also form a subclade with high bootstrap support, but nested among specimens from the Ryukyu Islands. For the time being, we refer specimens from the Ogasawara Islands to I. kumejima. Examination of specimens following the phylogenetic results has also revealed minor morphological differences between I. haematosticta and I. kumejima. The most notable difference is seen in the shape of the merus of the pereopod 4. The merus of the pereopod 4 is proportionally more slender with a less convex anterior margin in I. kumejima than in I. haematosticta (2.1 – 2.3 times as long as wide versus 1.7 – 1.9 times as long) (Fig. 12 E versus Figs. 4 E, 7 G). The propodi of the pereopods 2 and 3 tend to be proportionally wider in I. haematosticta than in I. kumejima, particularly in the case when large specimens are compared, but significance of this character is less useful as there is some overlap of characters in small specimens. The female vulva seems to be more anteriorly produced in I. haematosticta than in I. kumejima (cf. Fig. 7 A versus Fig. 14 A). One specimen (RUMF-ZC 3666; 2.3 × 4.9 mm) is intersexual, being similar to those androgynous specimens of I. haematosticta n. comb. (see above). We consider this specimen of I. kumejima represents an abnormal condition, as well as the example of I. haematosticta.	en	Komai, Tomoyuki, Naruse, Tohru, Yokooka, Hiroyuki, Taru, Masanori, Shimetsugu, Miho, Watanabe, Tetsuya (2022): Redescription of Pinnixa haematosticta Sakai, 1934, its transfer to Indopinnixa Manning & Morton, 1987, and a reappraisal of Indopinnixa kumejima Naruse & Maenosono, 2012 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae). Zootaxa 5100 (3): 361-389, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5100.3.3
