taxonID	type	description	language	source
B30F87ADA1767C43C7CBFDFB094AFC66.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — PERU: Dept. Puno: Prov. Carabaya, District of Corani, Jarapampa, 4301 m, 13 ° 57 ’ 26.37 ” S, 70 ° 39 ’ 0.95 ” W, 13 January 2015, P. Gonzáles 3419 (holotype: USM; isotype: MOL).	en	Gonzáles, Paúl, Cano, Asunción (2016): Two new species of Viola (Violaceae) named in honor of preceding Peruvian botanists. Phytotaxa 283 (1): 83-90, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.283.1.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.283.1.6
B30F87ADA1767C43C7CBFDFB094AFC66.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: — Viola ferreyrae resembles to Viola granulosa by its white flowers with purple lines and lack of a spur, but differs in having pinnatifid to pinnatipartite leaves, two pairs of stipules located at two different positions, and the upper surface of the leaf blade reticulate-alveolate (non-granulose).	en	Gonzáles, Paúl, Cano, Asunción (2016): Two new species of Viola (Violaceae) named in honor of preceding Peruvian botanists. Phytotaxa 283 (1): 83-90, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.283.1.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.283.1.6
B30F87ADA1767C43C7CBFDFB094AFC66.taxon	description	Description: — Perennial herbs, acaulescent, with a very short stem with leaves rosette placed at ends, caudex simple, with solitary crown, up to 1 cm high, 3 cm diam. Rootstock axial, thick, 5 – 6 × 0.4 – 0.5 cm. Caudex ca. 1 cm long, covered by sclerified leaf scars. Rosette densely imbricate-foliate, slightly depressed at the centre. Leaves spatulate, stipulate, (12) 13 – 15 (20) mm long, including petiole; blade 5.5 – 6.5 × 4.5 – 5.5 mm, thick-succulent, upper surface brown, lower surface green, ovate, obtuse at apex; upper surface reticulate-alveolate, glabrous or puberulent, lower surface pilose-tomentose, with short, stout, white-hyaline hairs 0.1 – 0.2 mm in length; pinnatifid to pinnatipartite, margin with 4 – 5 lobes per side, ciliate at apical margin, apical lobes ca. 1 – 1.5 × 0.8 – 1 mm; basal lobes longer, 1.5 – 2.5 × 0.8 – 1 mm; petiole, including stipules, 6 – 8 × 2 – 2.2 mm, to ca. 1 mm wide above first pair of stipules, succulent, but less as the blade, pilose-pubescent on both sides with greater density in upper third, ciliate at margin, whitish or rarely purple, hairs whitish. Stipules conspicuous, two pairs located at two different positions; basal stipules adnate to petiole ca. 2 mm of their length, scarious, free part lanceolate, apex acuminate, both surfaces glabrous, margin ciliate, 3 – 3.5 × 0.4 – 0.5 mm; upper stipules adnate to petiole ca. 6 – 12 mm of their length, scarious, free part lanceolate, the apex acuminate, both surfaces glabrous, margin ciliate, 1 – 2 × 0.2 – 0.3 mm. Flowers solitary, axial, 4 – 5 × 3 mm, white with dark purple lines on nerves. Peduncle equaling or slightly shorter than leaves, 8 – 10 × 0.5 – 1 mm, dark purple or whitish, pilose-pubescent on both sides but most dense on ½ upper surface of apical curve; bracteoles inserted 2 – 2.5 mm above base, attached above to peduncle by membrane, free part 4 – 5 × 0.6 – 1 mm long, lanceolate, acute, hyaline, entire, glabrous on both surfaces, ciliate at margin, 1 - nerved, translucent. Calyx inconspicuous, tinted dark purple at base; sepals inconspicuously auriculate at base, auricles rounded, less than 0.1 mm long; lower and lateral sepals sub-equal in size and shape, outer surface smooth, margins slightly membranous, 1 - nerved, obtuse to subacute, inner surface glabrous, ciliate at margins, pubescent on outer surface; upper sepal triangular-lanceolate, 2 – 2.2 × 0.8 – 1 mm; lateral sepals lanceolate, 2.2 – 2.5 × (1.1) 0.7 – 0.8 mm; lower sepals asymmetrical, lanceolate, 2.2 – 2.5 × 0.7 – 0.8 mm. Corolla glabrous; upper and lateral petals 3 – 3.5 × 0.9 – 1 mm, narrowly lanceolate, tip obtuse to rounded, outer and inner surfaces white with fine dark purple lines along the veins; lowermost petal 3 – 4 × 3 – 4 mm, limb obovate, sinus emarginate, indented ca. 1.5 – 1.8 mm, shortly apiculate in middle, outer and inner surfaces white with fine dark purple lines along veins, the basal ¼ yellow, apex rounded with margins spreading, outer and inner surfaces glabrous throughout; spur none. Stamens 1 – 1.2 × 0.5 – 0.6 mm; anthers sessile, ca. 0.4 – 0.5 × ca. 0.6 – 0.7 mm, outer surface glabrous, nectar spur on bottom pair of anthers sub-sessile, very short, ca. 0.1 × ca. 0.1 mm. Dorsal connective scales broadly ovate to orbicular, apex rounded or truncate, 0.8 – 0.9 × 0.6 – 0.7 mm, orange-yellow, glabrous, margins subundulate. Ovary glabrous, 1 × 1 mm. Style 0.9 – 1.1 mm long, geniculate at base, clavate; style crest bi-lobate, with two lateral appendages, appendices lamellate, lobes reflexed, lobes 0.5 × 0.2 mm, stigmatic orifice apico-ventral in a longitudinal furrow, orifice 0.1 mm diam., labelliform. Capsule pubescent, 3 - valved; oblong-ovoid, 2.5 – 3 × 2 – 2.5 mm, valve 3 – 3.5 × 1 – 1.2, 2 – 3 seeds per valve, seeds ovoid 1.5 – 1.6 × 1 – 1.1 mm, yellow-brown, with lateral funiculus inconspicuous, less than 0.1 mm. Additional specimens examined (paratype): — Perú: Dept. Puno, Prov. Carabaya, District of Corani, Jarapampa, suelo calcáreo arenoso en medio de césped, 4412 m, 13 ° 57 ’ 25 ” S, 70 ° 39 ’ 0 ” W, 28 March 2014, P. Gonzáles 3097 (USM, MOL). Eponymy: — This species is named in honor of Dr. Ramón Ferreyra (Professor at the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos), who was responsible for much of the training and supervising of Peruvian botanists in the past few decades.	en	Gonzáles, Paúl, Cano, Asunción (2016): Two new species of Viola (Violaceae) named in honor of preceding Peruvian botanists. Phytotaxa 283 (1): 83-90, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.283.1.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.283.1.6
B30F87ADA1767C43C7CBFDFB094AFC66.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat: — Endemic to Peru, known only from the type locality in the Jarapamapa, Carabaya province on the eastern Andean flanks of Puno department, growing in patches of sandy soil above 4300 – 4400 m elevation on sparsely vegetated, undulating plains (Fig. 3 A – B), associated with Nototriche pellicea A. W. Hill (Burtt & Hill 1948: 133) (Malvaceae) and Viola enmae P. Gonzáles.	en	Gonzáles, Paúl, Cano, Asunción (2016): Two new species of Viola (Violaceae) named in honor of preceding Peruvian botanists. Phytotaxa 283 (1): 83-90, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.283.1.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.283.1.6
B30F87ADA1767C43C7CBFDFB094AFC66.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology: — Flowering between January – March; fruiting period February – April. IUCN Red List Category: — Viola ferreyrae is only known from the type collection and is therefore assessed as Data Deficient (DD) according to the UICN (2001) criteria. However, we recommend it should be considered critically endangered (CR), as it is known from a single locality (Criterion B 1 a) with a continuing decline of its quality of habitat inferred for the present mining exploration (Criterion B 2 c). Taxonomic affinities: — Viola ferreyrae resembles to V. granulosa by its spatulate leaves, white flowers with purple lines and lack of a spur, but it differs in having pinnatifid to pinnatipartite leaves vs. crenate leaves, two pairs of stipules located at two different positions vs. a pair of stipules located near the leaf base, basal stipules adnate to petiole ca. 2 mm of their length vs. stipules adnate to petiole 0.2 – 0.3 mm of their length, basal stipules longer (3 – 3.5 mm) vs. shorter (1.2 – 1.3 mm), upper surface of leaf blade reticulate-alveolate vs. granulose, leaves longer overall (12 – 17 mm) vs. shorter (9 – 12 mm), blade larger (5.5 – 6.5 × 4.5 – 5.5 mm) vs. smaller (2.5 – 4 × 2 – 3 mm), lobes 1 – 2.5 × 0.8 – 1 mm vs. ca. 0.5 – 0.7 × 0.3 – 0.4 mm, bracteoles with free part long (4 – 5 mm) vs. short (1 – 1.5 mm). V. ferreyrae and V. granulosa are geographically separated by over 230 km in southern Peru.	en	Gonzáles, Paúl, Cano, Asunción (2016): Two new species of Viola (Violaceae) named in honor of preceding Peruvian botanists. Phytotaxa 283 (1): 83-90, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.283.1.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.283.1.6
B30F87ADA1737C42C7CBFC310925FA12.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — PERU: Dept. Puno: Prov. Carabaya, District of Corani, Jarapampa, 4301 m, 13 ° 57 ’ 26.37 ” S, 70 ° 39 ’ 0.95 ” W, 13 January 2015, P. Gonzáles 3420 (holotype: USM; isotype: MOL).	en	Gonzáles, Paúl, Cano, Asunción (2016): Two new species of Viola (Violaceae) named in honor of preceding Peruvian botanists. Phytotaxa 283 (1): 83-90, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.283.1.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.283.1.6
B30F87ADA1737C42C7CBFC310925FA12.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: — Viola enmae resembles to Viola calchaquiensis Becker (1926: 226) by its small, crenulate and spathulate leaves, blade margins thickened and ciliate, undulate crenulations, lacking stipules, upper and lateral petals oblong-obovate and reflexed, style apex truncated with margin trilobed, but it differs in having a narrow leaf blade, blade margins bearing 2 (– 3) undulate crenulations per side, bracteoles with free part short, petals smaller, lateral petals smooth (non-papillose-bearded), lowermost petals somewhat emarginate.	en	Gonzáles, Paúl, Cano, Asunción (2016): Two new species of Viola (Violaceae) named in honor of preceding Peruvian botanists. Phytotaxa 283 (1): 83-90, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.283.1.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.283.1.6
B30F87ADA1737C42C7CBFC310925FA12.taxon	description	Description: — Perennial herbs, falsely acaulescent, with short prostrate and ascending stem with rosette leaves placed only at ends of the branches, stem branches out 3 – 10 cm below ground and when it emerges becoming cushionforming with up to 25 coherent crowns, up to 1 cm high, (3) 5 – 15 cm diam. Rootstock axial, slender, 5 – 15 cm long, 5 – 8 mm thick below branch; upper, simple rootstock branched below into secondary fleshy roots to 20 cm, bearing long, white feeder roots. Caudex 3 – 7 (10) cm long, covered by sclerified leaf scars. Rosette densely imbricate-foliate, slightly depressed at the centre. Leaves spatulate, lacking stipules, 5 – 6 (8) mm long including petiole; blade 2 – 3 (4) × 1.5 – 2 (2.2) mm, thick-succulent, green to greyish-green on both surfaces, obovate-cuneate, obtuse; upper surface smooth or inconspicuously reticulate-alveolate, indumentum scattered and evenly invested, hairs minute, white papillose; lower surface glabrous to sub-glabrous; margins bearing 2 (– 3) undulate crenulations per side, thickened, crenulations sometime brown, spreading ciliate with short, stout, white-hyaline hairs, hairs 0.3 – 0.5 mm long; petiole 3.5 – 5 × 0.3 – 0.5 mm, membranous, glabrous on both sides, ciliate along margins, whitish. Flowers solitary, axial, almost entirely dark purple or light purple. Peduncle equaling or slightly longer than leaves, dark purple or whitish, glabrous except for scarce white hairs on the upper surface of apical curve; bracteoles inserted 0.2 – 0.4 mm above base, attached above to peduncle by membrane, free part 1 – 1.5 × 0.6 – 0.9 mm, oblong-lanceolate to elliptic, sub-acute, hyaline, entire, glabrous on both surfaces, ciliate along margins. Flowers 3 × 2.5 mm long. Calyx dark purple; sepals with smooth surfaces, borders slightly membranous, 1 - nerved, obtuse, inner surface glabrous, ciliate along margins and outer surface, slightly auriculate at base, the auricles rounded, 0.1 – 0.15 mm long, glabrous; upper and lateral sepals sub-equal in size and shape; upper sepal deltoid, 1 × 1 mm; lateral sepals ovate-lanceolate, 1.2 × 1 mm; lower sepals ovate-lanceolate, 1.5 × 1 mm. Corolla glabrous, upper and lateral petals reflexed; upper petals 2 – 2.3 × 0.9 – 1.1 mm, narrowly oblong-obovate, obtuse, outer surface dark purple with fine whitish margins, the inner surface dark purple or light purple; lateral petals 2 – 2.2 × 0.9 – 1.1 mm, oblong-obovate, with ca. 3 longitudinal veins, tip rounded, outer surface dark purple with fine whitish margins, inner surface dark purple or light purple; lowermost petal 2 – 2.2 × 1 – 1.5 mm, limb oblong-spathulate, somewhat emarginate, outer surface dark purple with fine whitish margin, inner surface white distally with basal ¾ yellow, apex rounded with margins somewhat conduplicate, outer surface glabrous throughout, inner surface papillate basally near throat; spur 1.2 – 1.3 × 1 – 1.1 mm. Stamens 0.9 – 1 mm long; anthers sessile, ca. 0.5 – 0.6 × ca. 0.5 – 0.6 mm, outer surface glabrous, nectar spur on bottom pair of anthers conical, longslender, 0.3 – 0.4 × 0.1 mm. Dorsal connective scales broadly oblong to orbicular, apex rounded or truncate, 0.6 – 0.7 × 0.4 – 0.45 mm, orange-yellow, glabrous, margins entire. Ovary glabrous. Style 1 – 1.1 mm long, geniculate at base, clavate; style apex truncated with margin trilobed, lobes triangular, reflexed, with no lateral appendages, stigmatic orifice apico-ventral in longitudinal furrow. Capsule glabrous, 3 - valved, ovoid, 2.5 – 3 × 1.9 – 2.1 mm, sometimes with 1 valve abortive, 1 seed per valve, seeds ovoid, 1.8 – 2 × 1 – 1.2 mm, black, with lateral funiculus persistent for 0.1 – 0.2 mm. Additional specimens examined (paratype): — Perú: Dept. Puno, Prov. Carabaya, District of Corani, Jarapampa, suelo calcáreo arenoso en medio de césped, 4412 m, 13 ° 57 ’ 25 ” S, 70 ° 39 ’ 0 ” W, 28 March 2014, P. Gonzáles 3096 (USM, MOL). Eponymy: — This novelty is named in honor of Dr. Enma Cerrate (Professor at the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos), who was responsible for much of the training and supervising of Peruvian botanists in the past few decades.	en	Gonzáles, Paúl, Cano, Asunción (2016): Two new species of Viola (Violaceae) named in honor of preceding Peruvian botanists. Phytotaxa 283 (1): 83-90, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.283.1.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.283.1.6
B30F87ADA1737C42C7CBFC310925FA12.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat: — Endemic to Peru, known only from the type locality in Jarapamapa, Carabaya province on the eastern Andean flanks of the Puno department, growing in patches of sandy soil above 4300 – 4400 m elevation on sparsely vegetated (Fig. 3 A), undulating plains, associated with Nototriche pellicea and V. ferreyrae.	en	Gonzáles, Paúl, Cano, Asunción (2016): Two new species of Viola (Violaceae) named in honor of preceding Peruvian botanists. Phytotaxa 283 (1): 83-90, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.283.1.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.283.1.6
B30F87ADA1737C42C7CBFC310925FA12.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology: — Flowering between January – March; fruiting period February-April. IUCN Red List Category: — Viola enmae is only known from the type collection and is therefore given the assessment of Data Deficient (DD) according to the UICN (2001) criteria. However, we believe it should be considered critically endangered (CR), as it is known only from a single locality (Criterion B 1 a) with a continuing decline of its quality of habitat inferred for the present mining exploration (Criterion B 2 c). Taxonomic affinities: — Viola enmae resembles to V. calchaquiensis by its small, crenulate and spathulate leaves, blade margins thickened and ciliate, undulate crenulations, lacking stipules, upper and lateral petals oblong-obovate and reflexed, style apex truncated with margin trilobed, but it differs in having a narrow blade (1.5 – 2.2 mm) vs. wider (3 mm), margins bearing 2 (– 3) undulate crenulations per side vs. 3 – 4, bracteoles with free part short (1 – 1.5 mm) vs. long (4 mm), petals smaller (2 – 2.3 mm) vs. larger (5 mm), lateral petals smooth vs. papillose-bearded, lower petals somewhat emarginate vs. deeply emarginate. Furthermore, Viola enmae is morphologically close to Viola philippii Leybold (1959: 681) and resembles this species by its very small and spathulate pubescent leaves with long hairs, but differs in having shorter flowers (3 mm) vs. longer (5 – 6 mm), leaf blade surface smooth or inconspicuously reticulate-alveolate vs. conspicuously reticulate-alveolate, blade margins bearing 2 (– 3) undulate crenulations per side vs. 3 – 5 flat crenulations and stipules lacking vs. stipules inconspicuous.	en	Gonzáles, Paúl, Cano, Asunción (2016): Two new species of Viola (Violaceae) named in honor of preceding Peruvian botanists. Phytotaxa 283 (1): 83-90, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.283.1.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.283.1.6
