taxonID	type	description	language	source
B12087C5FF99FFA4E3DD32C707591D69.taxon	description	(Figs. 1 – 4) Type material: Holotype male (PBI _ OON 00031322): Indonesia: Sumatra: West Sumatra Province, old secondary forest above Taman Hutan Raya Bung Hatta, 0 ° 56 ’ 45 ” S, 100 ° 32 ’ 37 ” E, 1100 m, 29 – 30 May 2006, leg. P. Schwendinger (MHNG). Female paratype (PBI _ OON 00012323): collected with male holotype (MHNG). Male paratype (PBI _ OON 00031327) and female paratype (PBI _ OON 00031325): collected with male holotype (MHNG). Male paratype (PBI _ OON 00031326): Indonesia: Sumatra: West Sumatra Province: Mount Merapi, 15 km SE of Bukittinggi, 0 ° 23 ’ 32 ” S, 100 ° 26 ’ 54 ” E, 1650 - 1700 m, hill forest, 4 June 2006, leg. P. Schwendinger (NMBE). Female paratype (PBI _ OON 00031324): collected with male holotype (NMBE). Etymology: The species epithet is a noun in apposition composed of aster, the Greek noun for star and bothros, the Greek noun for depression. It refers to the shape of the characteristic rows of large, droplike pits between the coxae in this species group. Diagnosis: Gamasomorpha asterobothros n. sp. can be distinguished from other species of Gamasomorpha by the combination of the following traits: Sternum with rows of large, droplike pits between coxae I-II, II-III and III-IV (figs. 1. D – E); male palp without a distinct transparent, denticulated seam on the mesal embolic accessory appendage (ma) (fig. 4. D), conductor (co) without distal excavation; female receptaculum (re) nearly circular with dorsal, stout globular appendix (gap), clearly shorter than receptaculum (figs. 4. F – G); abdominal scuto-pedicel region with paired curved scutal ridges (psr), (figs. 2. B – C); pedicel tube with small, dorsolateral, triangular extensions (pds), (fig. 2. B); carapace with three pairs of posterolateral spikes (cps), (figs. 1. C, F – G); carapace lateral margins smooth (fig. 1. F). Description: Description based on 18 males and 15 females. MALE: Body length 2.6 – 2.8 mm. Uniformly orange-brown or red-brown colored species, legs uniformly pale orange or orange-brown; prosoma, abdominal scuta and mouthparts equally strongly and completely sclerotized, no soft tissue visible in dorsal and ventral view (figs. 1. A – C). CEPHALOTHORAX: Carapace ovoid in dorsal view; pars cephalica slightly elevated in lateral view, anteriorly narrowed to less than 0.5 times its maximum width, surface smooth; pars thoracica with rounded posterolateral corners, with three pairs of posterolateral spikes (cps), (figs. 1. C, F – G), surface smooth, posterolateral edge with a pair of pits (cpp), (fig. 1. F), without other depressions or projections, carapace lateral margin straight from lateral view, slightly undulated from dorsal view, rebordered, without denticles; marginal and non-marginal pars thoracica and cephalica setae light, needle-like, originating from surface, cephalic setae single u-shaped distribution about as broad as eye group, with longitudinal middle-row. Clypeus margin slightly rebordered, submarginally unmodified, straight in frontal view, vertical in lateral view, ALE separated from edge of carapace by about their diameter, setae light, needle-like, chilum absent. Eyes six, well developed, eye group by anterior lateral eye radius to diameter narrower than clypeus; anterior lateral eyes separated from each other by their radius to their diameter; posterior median eyes almost touching and separated from posterior lateral eyes by less than posterior median eye radius. Anterior lateral and posterior median eyes oval, subequal, posterior lateral eyes roundish, slightly smaller than the other eyes. Posterior eye row recurved from above, procurved from front (fig. 2. A). Sternum longer than wide, fused to carapace, with radial furrows of large, roundish, droplike pits between coxae I-II, II-III, III-IV (figs. 1. D – E), surface smooth, anterior margin with interrupted transverse groove (itg), (figs. 1. D – E), distance between coxae approximately equal, lateral margins with indented extensions between coxae, with infra-coxal grooves and anterior and posterior openings, posterior margin extending beyond anterior edges of coxae IV; setae abundant, light, needle-like, evenly scattered, originating from surface. Mouthparts: Chelicerae slightly divergent, distal region abruptly narrowed (fig. 2. A), anterior and inner face unmodified, with light, needle-like, evenly scattered setae, with one feather-like seta nearly as long as fang, situated promarginally near fang base, without teeth on both promargin and retromargin, promargin with row of flattened setae (fsh) in combination with feather-like setae (ffh), (fig. 2. G), fang unmodified, directed medially; labium rectangular, fused to sternum, anterior margin indented at middle, with more than 6 setae on anterior margin, subdistal portion with 6 needle-like, long setae (fig. 2. F); endites without depressions or projections, serrula present in single row. ABDOMEN: Ovoid, scuta surface punctate, with abundant, evenly scattered, plumose, light setae (fig. 2. D). Dorsal scutum without projections, not fused to epigastric scutum, inter-scutal membrane white, unmodified, with scattered setae. Epigastric scutum ventrally slightly protruding, anteriorly not extending far dorsal of pedicel, surrounding pedicel, scuto-pedicel region with paired curved scutal ridges, pedicel tube medium, ventrally ribbed, with small, dorsolateral, triangular extensions (fig. 2. B), cuticular outgrowths near pedicel absent; booklung covers (boc) quite large, ovoid, without matted setae, anterolateral edge unmodified (figs. 2. C, E). Postepigastric scutum long, semicircular, fused to epigastric scutum, anterior margin unmodified, without posteriorly directed lateral apodemes, posterior spiracles connected by groove. Spinneret scutum incomplete ring, with fringe of long setae, supra-anal scutum absent, colulus present. LEGS: Spines absent, patella plus tibia I nearly as long as carapace; ventral apex of tibiae III and IV with brush of specialized hairs (sh) with fine, plumose, curved hair tip (see fig. 13. C), other setae needle-like; dorsal apex of metatarsi I-IV with small appendage (da), (see figs. 25. A, 32. E); metatarsi I and II meso-apical comb absent; tarsi I to IV without inferior claw, with scopula between claws (sc), (fig. 2. H, see fig. 25. B, fig. 18. F), tarsal organ with 3 sensilla visible (see fig. 28. E); tibia I-IV with three, metatarsus I-IV with one trichobothrium each, base longitudinally narrowed, internal texture of aperture and hood smooth (see fig. 6. E). MALE GENITALIA: Epigastric region unmodified, with sperm pore small, slit-like, rebordered, (see fig. 13. B), situated at level of anterior spiracles. Male palp (figs. 4. A – E) slightly sclerotized, pale-orange, not enlarged, right and left palps symmetrical. Embolus (em) dark, long, slender, lamellar, about as long as bulbus, half way to distal tip split into a second, slightly shorter, mesal embolic accessory appendage (ma), adjacent to a third, slightly shorter, lamellar conductor (co), (figs. 4. D – E), mesal embolic accessory appendage without distinct transparent, denticulate seam, embolus-conductor-complex mesially bent in dorsal view, fitting into the interrupted transverse groove at anterior margin of sternum. Bulbus stout, conical extension (ce) unincisive (figs. 4. A – B) to weakly pronounced (see figs. 7. A – B). Cymbium ovoid in dorsal view, not fused with bulb, extending beyond distal tip of bulb, setae thickened, distally densified, hair tips apparently linearly cut (figs. 4. A, C). Trochanter with ventral projection (vp), (e. g. see fig. 7. A), other proximal segments unmodified, setae needle-like, femur attached to patella basally, more than twice as long as trochanter, tibia with 3 trichobothria. FEMALE: Body length 2.9 – 3.2 mm. As in male except as noted. Slightly larger than male. Opisthosoma more round. Postepigastric scutum not fused to epigastric scutum. Female palp spines absent, 3 trichobothria on tibia, distal apex of tarsus unmodified or with small pointed extension (see fig. 7. D). FEMALE GENITALIA: Ventral view (figs. 3. A – B): Without external features. Dorsal view (figs. 4. F – H): receptaculum (re) almost circular, containing a roundish secretory sac (ssa), globular appendix (gap) stout, clearly shorter than 0.5 times the receptaculum, pore fiel of receptaculum (pof) concentrated at posterior end of globular appendix, with an anterior paddle-like sclerite (psc) and a nail-like process (na), with lateral sclerites functioning as muscle attachments (A 1). Distribution: Indonesia, Sumatra (fig. 49. B). Intraspecific variation: Body size variable: male, 2.6 – 2.8 mm, female, 2.9 – 3.2 mm; prosoma and abdominal scuta orange-brown or dark red-brown, similar to G. keri n. sp.; posterolateral spikes on carapace may be small but always pointed.	en	Eichenberger, Beata, Kranz-Baltensperger, Yvonne, Ott, Ricardo, Graber, Werner, Nentwig, Wolfgang, Kropf, Christian (2012): Morphology of new Indian / Indonesian Gamasomorpha and Xestaspis species (Araneae: Oonopidae) 3160. Zootaxa 3160 (1): 1-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3160.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3160.1.1
B12087C5FF90FFAFE3DD349A07BE1E36.taxon	description	(Figs. 5 – 7) Type material: Holotype male (PBI _ OON 00031319): Indonesia: Sumatra: Jambi Province: Mount Kerinci, footpath to summit, W of Kersik Tua, 2160 m, evergreen hill forest, 17 - 18 February 2000, leg. P. Schwendinger (MHNG). Female paratype (PBI _ OON 00031321): same locality, 1800 - 1980 m, evergreen hill forest, 16 February 2000, leg. P. Schwendinger (MHNG). Male paratype (PBI _ OON 00011997), Sumatra: Jambi Province: Mount Kerinci, 2100 m, 14 November 1989, leg. Agosti, Löbl & Burckhardt (MHNG). Female paratype (PBI _ OON 00031320), collected with male holotype (NMBE). Etymology: The species epithet refers to the first part of the name of the Mount Kerinci in Sumatra which is the species’ type locality. Diagnosis: Resembles G. asterobothros n. sp. but receptaculum (re) roundish with a posterior hump, glandular duct (gd) narrow, clearly longer than half the length of the receptaculum (figs. 7. E – F), and pars thoracica with two pairs of posterolateral tiny spikes (cps) and a ventral pair of rounded extensions (re), (figs. 5. G – H). Description: Description based on 3 males and 6 females. MALE: Body length 3.0 mm. Uniformly red-brown colored species, legs orange-brown (figs. 5. A – C). Similar to G. asterobothros: sternum with radial furrows of large, roundish, droplike pits between coxae I-II, II-III, III-IV (fig. 5. D), anterior margin with interrupted transverse groove (itg) (fig. 5. D; see fig. 5. F). Posterolateral edge of carapace with a pair of pits (cpp) (fig. 5. G – H). Eye group by radius to diameter of anterior lateral eyes narrower than clypeus (fig. 5. E). Abdomen scuto-pedicel region with paired curved scutal ridges (psr), (figs. 6. A – B), pedicel tube with small, dorsolateral, triangular extensions (pds), (figs. 6. A – B). Booklung covers (boc) quite large, ovoid, anterolateral edge unmodified (figs. 6. B – C). Male genitalia: Similar to G. asterobothros n. sp. with a long slender, lamellar embolus (em), adjacent to an embolic accessory appendage (ma) and a lamellar conductor (co) (figs. 7. A – C). With small conical extension (ce) (figs. 7. A – B). FEMALE: Body length 3.6 mm. Distal apex of palpal tarsus with small pointed extension (fig. 7. D). Female genitalia: Without external features (fig. 6. D). Dorsal view (figs. 7. E – G): receptaculum (re) roundish with a posterior hump (ph) oriented ventrally, with almost circular secretory sac (ssa), globular appendix (gap) narrow, clearly longer than 0.5 times the receptaculum, pore field of receptaculum (pof) concentrated along globular appendix, with an anterior paddle-like sclerite (psc) and a nail-like process (na), with lateral sclerites functioning as muscle attachments (A 1). Distribution: Sumatra, Mount Kerinci, Mount Tujuh (fig. 49. B). Intraspecific variation: Sternal pits quite narrow and partly fused (fig. 5. F). Small pointed extension on distal apex of female palp reduced.	en	Eichenberger, Beata, Kranz-Baltensperger, Yvonne, Ott, Ricardo, Graber, Werner, Nentwig, Wolfgang, Kropf, Christian (2012): Morphology of new Indian / Indonesian Gamasomorpha and Xestaspis species (Araneae: Oonopidae) 3160. Zootaxa 3160 (1): 1-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3160.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3160.1.1
B12087C5FF96FFADE3DD306F037E1CA3.taxon	description	(Figs. 8 – 10) Type material: Holotype male (PBI _ OON 00016054): West-Malaysia: Perak: limestone hill 500 m S of Perak Tong Cave Temple, 4 ° 38 ' 35.8 " N, 101 ° 05 ' 48.1 " E, 6 km N of Ipoh, 70 m, secondary scrub, 20 June 2004, leg. P. Schwendinger (MHNG). Female paratype (PBI _ OON 00016055), collected with male holotype (MHNG). Male paratype (PBI _ OON 00016058), collected with male holotype (MHNG). Male paratype (PBI _ OON 00016056), collected with male holotype (NMBE). Female paratype (PBI _ OON 00016057), collected with male holotype (NMBE). Etymology: The species epithet is arbitrarily composed of the first two letters each of the name of the type location: Perak Tong Cave Temple. Diagnosis: Resembles G. asterobothros n. sp. but mesal embolic accessory appendage (ma) with a transparent, denticulate seam (ds), (fig. 10. C, E) and lateral margin of carapace with small, pointed denticles (fig. 8. F). Description: Description based on 12 males and 9 females. MALE: Body length 2.1 mm. Uniformly orange-brown colored species, legs pale orange (figs. 8. A – C). Similar to G. asterobothros: Sternum with radial furrows of large, roundish droplike pits between coxae I-II, II-III, III- IV (fig. 8. D), anterior margin with interrupted transverse groove (itg) (fig. 8. D). Carapace with three pairs of posterolateral spikes (cps), (figs. 8. F – G), lateral margin of carapace with pointed denticles that may be partly reduced (fig. 8. F), posterolateral edge with a pair of pits (cpp) (figs. 8. F – G). Eye group by radius to diameter of anterior lateral eyes narrower than clypeus (fig. 8. E). Abdomen scuto-pedicel region with paired curved scutal ridges (psr) (fig. 9. A), pedicel tube with small, dorsolateral, triangular extensions (pds) (fig. 9. A). Booklung covers (boc) quite large, ovoid, anterolateral edge unmodified (fig. 9. D). Male genitalia: Similar to G. asterobothros n. sp. with a long slender, lamellar embolus (em), adjacent to an embolic accessory appendage (ma) and a lamellar conductor (co) (figs. 10. A – C). Conical extension (ce) unincisive (figs. 10. A – B). FEMALE: Body length 2.4 – 2.7 mm. As in male except as noted. Slightly larger than male. Opisthosoma more round. Postepigastric scutum not fused to epigastric scutum. Booklung covers may be stronger pronounced (fig. 9. D). Female palp spines absent, 3 trichobothria on tibia. FEMALE GENITALIA: Ventral view (fig. 9. B): Without external features. Dorsal view (10. F – H): receptaculum (re) and secretory sac (ssa) ovoid, globular appendix (gap) about half the length of receptaculum, pore field of receptaculum (pof) concentrated at posterior end of globular appendix, with an anterior paddle-like sclerite (psc) and a nail-like process (na), with lateral sclerites functioning as muscle attachments (A 1). Distribution: West-Malaysia, Perak (fig. 49. A). Intraspecific variation: Carapace lateral margin pointed denticles vary in size, number and distribution. Booklung covers may be hardly visible (fig. 9. C). Small pointed denticles on lateral margin of carapace partly reduced.	en	Eichenberger, Beata, Kranz-Baltensperger, Yvonne, Ott, Ricardo, Graber, Werner, Nentwig, Wolfgang, Kropf, Christian (2012): Morphology of new Indian / Indonesian Gamasomorpha and Xestaspis species (Araneae: Oonopidae) 3160. Zootaxa 3160 (1): 1-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3160.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3160.1.1
B12087C5FF88FFB7E3DD349A054B1818.taxon	description	(Figs. 11 – 14) Type material: Holotype male (PBI _ OON 00031328): West-Malaysia: Pahang: Charas Hill ca. 3 km N of Panching (03 ° 54 ' 41.1 " N, 103 ° 08 ' 50.2 " E), 60 m, evergreen forest on limestone, 9 - 10 July 2001, leg. P. Schwendinger (MHNG). Female paratype (PBI _ OON 00031329), collected with male holotype (MHNG). Etymology: The species epithet is a noun in apposition and refers to the Latin and English noun insomnia because the discrimination of intraspecific variation and feasible characters for a differentiation to other species caused sleepless nights. Diagnosis: Can be distinguished from other species of Gamasomorpha by the combination of following traits: Sternum with rows of large, roundish, droplike pits between coxae I-II, II-III and III-IV (figs. 11. D – F), male palp with a transparent, denticulated seam (ds) on mesal embolic accessory appendage (ma), (fig. 14. D – E); abdomen scuto-pedicel region unmodified; booklung covers quite large, ovoid, not elevated from body surface. Description: Description based on 34 males and 38 females. MALE: Body length 2.4 – 2.8 mm. Uniformly red-brown colored species, legs pale orange (figs. 11. A – C). Anterior margin of sternum with interrupted transverse groove (itg) (figs. 11. D, F). Posterolateral edge of carapace with a pair of pits (cpp) (figs. 11. G; 12. B). Eye group by radius to diameter of anterior lateral eyes narrower than clypeus (fig. 12. A). Abdomen scuto-pedicel region and pedicel tube unmodified (figs. 12. E, F). Lateral margin of carapace straight from dorsal view. Male genitalia: Similar to G. asterobothros n. sp. with a long slender, lamellar embolus (em), adjacent to an embolic accessory appendage (ma) and a lamellar conductor (co) (figs. 14. A – E). Conical extension unincisive (ce) (figs. 14. A – C). FEMALE: Body length 2.5 – 3.1 mm. Female genitalia: Ventral view (fig. 13. A): Without external features. Dorsal view (figs. 14. F – H): receptaculum (re) and secretory sac (ssa) ovoid, globular appendix (gap) narrow, about half the length of receptaclum, pore field of receptaculum (pof) concentrated at posterior end of globular appendix, with an anterior paddle-like sclerite (psc) and a nail-like process (na), with lateral sclerites functioning as muscle attachments (A 1). Distribution: West-Malaysia, Thailand, Borneo, Sulawesi, Irian Jaya (figs. 49. A – B, 50. A – B). Intraspecific variation: Proximal pits of posterior sternal furrows may be elongated (fig. 11. E). Carapace with 2 or 3 pairs of posterolateral spikes whose size may vary (figs. 12. C – D); lateral margin smooth or with blunt to sharply pointed denticles (figs. 11. G – H). Abdomen surface smooth or punctate (figs. 12. G – H). Denticulated seam (ds) on male palpal mesal embolic accessory appendage varies in size.	en	Eichenberger, Beata, Kranz-Baltensperger, Yvonne, Ott, Ricardo, Graber, Werner, Nentwig, Wolfgang, Kropf, Christian (2012): Morphology of new Indian / Indonesian Gamasomorpha and Xestaspis species (Araneae: Oonopidae) 3160. Zootaxa 3160 (1): 1-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3160.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3160.1.1
B12087C5FF8EFFB7E3DD368202841CB2.taxon	description	(Figs. 15 – 16) Type material: Holotype male (PBI _ OON 00012010): West-Malaysia: Johor: Gunung Ledang (= Mount Ophir), Puteri Waterfalls, 2 ° 21 ' 22.2 " N / 102 ° 37 ' 48.8 " E, 80 - 130 m, rain forest near stream, 21 – 22 May 2004, leg. P. Schwendinger (MHNG). Female paratype (PBI _ OON 00016053), collected with male holotype (MHNG). Male paratype (PBI _ OON 00016052), collected with male holotype (NMBE). Etymolog y: The species epithet, an adjective, is composed of the name of the Mount Ophir in West-Malaysia which is the type location of this species. Diagnosis: Resembles G. insomnia n. sp. but booklung covers small, ovoid, elevated from body surface (figs. 15. I – J), carapace with two pairs of posterolateral spikes (cps), (fig. 15. H) and carapace lateral margin with sharply pointed denticles (fig. 15. H). Description: Description based on 2 males and 1 female. MALE: Body length: 2.1 mm. Uniformly orange-brown colored species, legs pale orange (figs. 15. A – C). Sternum with radial furrows of large, roundish, droplike pits between coxae I-II, II-III, III-IV (fig. 15. D), anterior margin with interrupted transverse groove (itg) (fig. 15. D). Carapace with two pairs of posterolateral spikes (cps) (figs. 15. F, H); posterolateral edge with a pair of pits (cpp) (figs. 15. F, H); lateral margin straight from dorsal view. Eye group by radius to diameter of anterior lateral eyes narrower than clypeus (fig. 15. E). Abdomen scuto-pedicel region and pedicel tube unmodified (fig. 15. G). No detailed description on promarginal chelicerae setae, serrula, grooves on lateral margin of sternum, trichobothria hood structure, tarsal organ and scopula between claws. Male genitalia: Similar to G. asterobothros n. sp. with a long slender, lamellar embolus (em), adjacent to an embolic accessory appendage (ma) and a lamellar conductor (co) (figs. 16. A – E). Mesal embolic accessory appendage (ma) with a transparent, denticulated seam (ds) (figs. 16. A – C). Conical extension unincisive (ce) (figs. 16. A – C). FEMALE: Body length 2.3 mm. Female genitalia: Ventral view (fig. 16. D): Without external features. Distribution: Known only from the type location, Mount Ophir, West-Malaysia (fig. 49. A).	en	Eichenberger, Beata, Kranz-Baltensperger, Yvonne, Ott, Ricardo, Graber, Werner, Nentwig, Wolfgang, Kropf, Christian (2012): Morphology of new Indian / Indonesian Gamasomorpha and Xestaspis species (Araneae: Oonopidae) 3160. Zootaxa 3160 (1): 1-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3160.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3160.1.1
B12087C5FF8CFFB9E3DD31EB051D1883.taxon	description	(Figs. 17 – 19) Type material: Holotype male (PBI _ OON 00016032): West-Malaysia: Pahang: Bukit Charas, 3 ° 54 ' 41.1 " N / 103 ° 08 ' 50.2 " E, 60 m, rain forest remnants at foot of limestone hill, 3 – 4 June 2004, leg. P. Schwendinger (MHNG). Female paratype (PBI _ OON 00016033) collected with male holotype (MHNG). Two male paratypes (PBI _ OON 00012003, PBI _ OON 00012002) and female paratype (PBI _ OON 00031344), collected with male holotype (MHNG). Male paratype (PBI _ OON 00016034) and female paratype (PBI _ OON 00016035), collected with male holotype (NMBE). Etymology: The species epithet is the Latin adjectival attribute squalens which refers to the very finely striate abdominal scuta surface which appears matt when observing the specimen deposited in alcohol with a stereomicroscope. Diagnosis: Can be distinguished from other species of Gamasomorpha by the combination of following traits: Sternum with rows of large, laterally rather narrow than round and partly fused, droplike pits between coxae I-II, II-III and III-IV (fig. 17. D), abdominal scuta surface very finely striated (fig. 18. D). Embolus of male palp mesal embolic accessory appendage and conductor broadish (figs. 19. A – B, D). Shape of female receptaculum broadlyovoid (figs. 19. F – H). Description: Description based on 4 males and 3 females. MALE: Body length 2.9 mm. Uniformly orange-brown colored species, legs pale orange (figs. 17. A – C). Anterior margin of sternum with continuous transverse groove (ctg) (fig. 17. D). Carapace pars cephalica rather strongly elevated in lateral view, surface very finely diagonally striated, pars thoracica with one pair of tiny posterolateral spikes (cps) (fig. 17. F), surface sides very finely reticulate, posterolateral edge with a pair of pits (cpp) (fig. 17. F), lateral margin straight from dorsal view, cephalic setae u-shaped distribution in single to double row. Posterior margin of sternum less extending than in G. asterobothros n. sp. Eye group by less than diameter of anterior lateral eyes narrower than clypeus, all eyes oval, about subequal (fig. 17. E). Abdomen scuto-pedicel region and pedicel tube unmodified (fig. 18. A), scuto-pedicel region with needle-like, long seteae; booklung covers small, very narrow (fig. 18. B); postepigastric scutum with short, posteriorly directed lateral apodemes. Legs patella plus tibia I shorter than carapace; Ventral apex of tibiae III and IV with specialized hairs with fine, plumose, curved hair tip (sh) adjacent to proximal feather-like hairs (fh) (fig. 18. E). Male genitalia: Similar to G. asterobothros n. sp. with a long slender, lamellar embolus (em), adjacent to an embolic accessory appendage (ma) and a lamellar conductor (co) (figs. 19. A – E). Conical extension unincisive (ce) (figs. 19. A – B). FEMALE: Body length 3.2 mm. Postepigastric scutum without posteriorly directed lateral apodemes. Legs patella plus tibia I nearly as long as carapace. Female genitalia: Ventral view (fig. 18. C): Without external features. Dorsal view (figs. 19. F – H): receptaculum (re) broadly-oval, with groove-like modifications dorsally, with ovoid secretory sac (ssa), globular appendix (gap) narrow, slightly shorter than half the length of the receptaculum, pore field of receptaculum (pof) located along globular appendix, with an anterior paddle-like sclerite (psc) and a nail-like process (na), with lateral sclerites functioning as muscle attachments (A 1). Distribution: West-Malaysia, Bukit Charas (fig. 49. A).	en	Eichenberger, Beata, Kranz-Baltensperger, Yvonne, Ott, Ricardo, Graber, Werner, Nentwig, Wolfgang, Kropf, Christian (2012): Morphology of new Indian / Indonesian Gamasomorpha and Xestaspis species (Araneae: Oonopidae) 3160. Zootaxa 3160 (1): 1-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3160.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3160.1.1
B12087C5FF80FFBEE3DD36F105D01833.taxon	description	(Figs. 20 – 21) Type material: Holotype male (PBI _ OON 00012323): West-Malaysia: Johor: Kota Tinggi Waterfalls at the foot of Gunung Muntahak, 170 m, evergreen rain forest, 5 February 2000, leg. P. Schwendinger (MHNG). Female paratype (PBI _ OON 00016048), collected with male holotype (MHNG). Male paratype (PBI _ OON 00011987): West- Malaysia: Johor: Gunung Pulai, 1 ° 34 ’ 50.6 ” N, 103 ° 30 ’ 36.5 ” E, 50 m secondary forest, SW of Kulai, 24 May 2004, leg. P. Schwendinger (MHNG). Female paratype (PBI _ OON 00031337): Indonesia: Bintan Island: Mount Langkuas, ca. 5 km NW of Kijang, 00 ° 52 ' 33.9 " N, 104 ° 34 ' 45.3 " E, 125 - 220 m, disturbed rain forest, 22 - 23 June 2001, leg. P. Schwendinger (NMBE). Etymology: The species epithet, a Latin female adjective, refers to the strongly pointed conical extension of the male palp. Coni refers to the first part of the English term conical extension; acris is the Latin feminine adjective for pointed. Diagnosis: Resembles G. squalens n. sp. but male palp with strongly pointed conical extension (ce) (fig. 21. A – B) and abdomen scuto-pedicel region with paired curved ridges (psr) in both sexes (fig. 20. H). Description: Description based on 2 males and 2 females. MALE: Body length 2.3 mm. Uniformly orange-brown colored species, legs pale orange (figs. 20. A – C). Sternum with radial furrows of large, droplike pits between coxae I-II, II-III, III-IV which are rather narrow than round and partly fused (fig. 20. D), anterior margin with continuous transverse groove (ctg) (fig. 20. D). Carapace pars cephalica rather strongly elevated in lateral view, surface very finely diagonally striated, pars thoracica with one indicated pair of posterolateral spikes (cps) (fig. 20. C), surface sides very finely reticulate, posterolateral edge with a pair of pits (cpp) (figs. 20. F – G), lateral margin straight from dorsal view, cephalic setae u-shaped distribution in single to double row, transverse row of setae at posterior end of cephalothorax originating from tiny blunt denticles at middle. Posterior margin of sternum less extending than in G. asterobothros n. sp., laterally indented. Eye group by less than diameter of anterior lateral eyes narrower than clypeus, all eyes oval, about subequal (fig. 20. E). Chelicerae paturon inner margin with pairs of enlarged setae, giving a mustache-like appearance from dorsal view (ceh), (see fig. 44. B). Abdomen scuta surface very finely longitudinally striated (see fig. 18. D) giving the specimen a matt appearance when observed with stereomicroscope; scuto-pedicel region with paired curved scutal ridges located close to the pedicel tube which may be distally slightly reduced (fig. 20. H); pedicel tube long, ventrally ribbed, with small, dorsolateral, triangular extensions (pds), (fig. 20. H); booklung covers (boc) small, very narrow, anterolateral edge unmodified (fig. 20. I); postepigastric scutum with short, posteriorly directed lateral apodemes. No detailed description on promarginal chelicerae setae, serrula, grooves on lateral margin of sternum, trichobothria hood structure, tarsal organ and scopula between claws. Male genitalia: Similar to G. asterobothros n. sp. with a long slender, lamellar embolus (em), adjacent to an embolic accessory appendage (ma) and a lamellar conductor (co) (figs. 21. D – F). Cymbium slightly shorter than bulbus. FEMALE: Body length 3.2 mm. Postepigastric scutum without posteriorly directed lateral apodemes. Legs patella plus tibia I nearly as long as carapace. Female genitalia: Ventral view (fig. 21. A): Without external features. Dorsal view (figs. 21. B – C): receptaculum (re) broadly-oval, with groove-like modifications dorsally, secretory sac (ssa) ovoid, globular appendix (gap) narrow, slightly shorter than half the length of the receptaculum, pore field of receptaculum (pof) located along globular appendix, with an anterior paddle-like sclerite (psc) and a naillike process (na), with lateral sclerites functioning as muscle attachments (A 1). Distribution: West-Malaysia, Johor; Indonesia, Bintan Island (fig. 49. A).	en	Eichenberger, Beata, Kranz-Baltensperger, Yvonne, Ott, Ricardo, Graber, Werner, Nentwig, Wolfgang, Kropf, Christian (2012): Morphology of new Indian / Indonesian Gamasomorpha and Xestaspis species (Araneae: Oonopidae) 3160. Zootaxa 3160 (1): 1-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3160.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3160.1.1
B12087C5FF87FFBEE3DD366102581D0C.taxon	description	(Figs. 22 – 23) Type material: Holotype male (PBI _ OON 00011989): West-Malaysia: Kedah, Pulau Langkawi: Gunung Raya, 700 - 800 m, 6 ° 23 ' N, 99 ° 48 ' E, 1 - 7 January 2005, leg. A. Schulz (MHNG). Female paratype (PBI _ OON 00012827): Indonesia: Bintan Island, Mount Langkuas, about 5 km north-west of Kijang, 00 ° 52 ' 33.9 " N, 104 ° 34 ' 45.3 " E, 125 - 220 m, disturbed rain forest, 22 - 23 June 2001, leg. P. Schwendinger (MHNG). Etymology: The species epithet is a noun in apposition and refers to the type location Gunung Raya. Diagnosis: Can be distinguished from other Gamasomorpha species by the combination of following traits: Setae on carapace and sternum originating from small pits (figs. 22. D – E), rows of droplike pits on sternum between coxae I-II, II-III and III-IV rather helical than round and of medium size (fig. 22. D), abdomen scuto-pedicel region with paired scutal ridges (psr) and an additional, upper, straight ridge (usr), (fig. 22. G). Description: Description based on 1 male and 1 female. MALE: Body length 2.8 mm. Uniformly orange-brown colored species, legs pale orange (figs. 22. A – C). Carapace with two pairs of tiny posterolateral spikes (cps), a third, very ventral to lateral pair is indicated (figs. 22. C, F), posterolateral edge with a pair of pits (cpp), (fig. 22. F), lateral margin straight from dorsal view, with tiny, blunt denticles (fig. 22. F), setae u-shaped distribution in double row. Eye group by at least diameter of anterior lateral eyes narrower than clypeus, all eyes oval, about subequal (fig. 22. E). Sternum anterior margin with continuous transverse groove (ctg), (fig. 22. D). Abdomen elongated (width: length ratio, 1: 1.7), scuta surface strongly punctate (fig. 22. G), with needle-like setae; pedicel tube with small, dorsolateral, triangular extensions (pds), (fig. 22. G), pedicel with tiny ventral hump, booklung covers very large, ovoid, anterolateral edge unmodified (fig. 22. H); postepigastric scutum with short, posteriorly directed lateral apodemes. Legs patella plus tibia I shorter than carapace, ventral apex of tibiae III and IV with few specialized hairs (sh) with fine, plumose, curved hair tip (see fig. 13. C), ventral apex of tibia I-IV with two thickened, long, needle-like setae. No detailed description on promarginal chelicerae setae, serrula, grooves on lateral margin of sternum, trichobothria hood structure, tarsal organ and scopula between claws. Male genitalia: Similar to G. asterobothros n. sp. with a long slender, lamellar embolus (em), adjacent to an embolic accessory appendage (ma) and a lamellar conductor (co) (figs. 23. A – C). Conical extension (ce) unincisive (figs. 23. A – B). FEMALE: Body length 3.5 mm. Female genitalia: Ventral view: (fig. 23. D): Without external features. Distribution: West-Malaysia, Pulau Langkawi; Indonesia, Bintan Island (fig. 49. A).	en	Eichenberger, Beata, Kranz-Baltensperger, Yvonne, Ott, Ricardo, Graber, Werner, Nentwig, Wolfgang, Kropf, Christian (2012): Morphology of new Indian / Indonesian Gamasomorpha and Xestaspis species (Araneae: Oonopidae) 3160. Zootaxa 3160 (1): 1-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3160.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3160.1.1
B12087C5FF85FF82E3DD31B8047C1CFD.taxon	description	(Figs. 24 – 26) Type material: Holotype male (PBI _ OON 00016046): West-Malaysia: Johor: Gunung Arong (2 ° 33 ' 12.1 " N, 103 ° 45 ' 20.5 " E), 20 m, rain forest, 15 km N of Mersing, 29 – 30 May 2004, leg. P. Schwendinger (MHNG). Female paratype (PBI _ OON 00016047): West-Malaysia: Pahang: Charas Hill, 03 ° 54 ' 41.1 " N, 103 ° 08 ' 50.2 " E, 60 m, evergreen forest on limestone, 9 – 10 July 2001, leg. P. Schwendinger (MHNG). Female paratype (PBI _ OON 00016119): Indonesia: Bali, Buleleng d., Danau Buyan, Pandjasari in Marchantia layer and litter, 10 October 1979, leg. P. T. Lehtinen (ZMUT). Etymology: The species epithet is composed from parts of the surname of the German entomologist Martin H. Schmidt-Entling, working at the University of Bern, Switzerland. Diagnosis: Resembles G. raya n. sp. but sternum with rows of large, proximally broadened, rather fused, droplike pits between coxae I-II, II-III and III-IV (fig. 24. D) and carapace surface laterally strongly reticulate (figs. 24. E – F). Description: Description based on 1 male and 2 females. MALE: Body length 3.1 mm. Uniformly orange-brown colored species, legs pale orange (figs. 24. A – C). Carapace with two pairs of tiny posterolateral spikes (cps), a third, very ventral to lateral pair is indicated (fig. 24. E), posterolateral edge with a pair of pits (cpp), (fig. 24. F), lateral margin straight from dorsal view, with tiny, blunt denticles (fig. 24. F), cephalic setae u-shaped distribution in double row, originating from pits (fig. 24. E). Eye group by at least diameter of anterior lateral eyes narrower than clypeus. Sternum anterior margin with continuous transverse groove (ctg) (fig. 24. D), setae originating from small pits (fig. 24. D), posterior margin less extending than in G. asterobothros n. sp. Abdomen scuta surface strongly punctate (fig. 24. G), with needle-like setae; pedicel tube with small, dorsolateral, triangular extensions (pds), (fig. 24. G), pedicel with tiny ventral hump, booklung covers very large, ovoid, anterolateral edge unmodified (fig. 24. H); postepigastric scutum with short, posteriorly directed lateral apodemes. Legs ventral apex of tibiae III and IV with few specialized hairs (sh) with fine, plumose, curved hair tip (see fig. 13. C), ventral apex of tibia I-IV with two thickened, long, needle-like setae. No detailed description on promarginal chelicerae setae, serrula, grooves on lateral margin of sternum, trichobothria hood structure, tarsal organ and scopula between claws. Male genitalia: Similar to G. asterobothros with a long slender, lamellar embolus (em), adjacent to an embolic accessory appendage (ma) and a lamellar conductor (co) (figs. 26. A – C). Conical extension (ce) unincisive (figs. 26. A – B). FEMALE: Body length 3.3 mm. Postepigastric scutum without posteriorly directed lateral apodemes. Female genitalia: Ventral view (fig. 26. D): Without external features. Dorsal view (figs. 26. E – F): receptaculum (re) ovoid, elongated, secretory sac (ssa) ovoid, globular appendix (gap) slightly shorter than 0.5 times the receptaculum, pore field of receptaculum (pof) distributed along globular appendix, with an anterior paddle-like sclerite (psc) and a nail-like process (na), with lateral sclerites functioning as muscle attachments (A 1). Distribution: West-Malaysia (fig. 49. A).	en	Eichenberger, Beata, Kranz-Baltensperger, Yvonne, Ott, Ricardo, Graber, Werner, Nentwig, Wolfgang, Kropf, Christian (2012): Morphology of new Indian / Indonesian Gamasomorpha and Xestaspis species (Araneae: Oonopidae) 3160. Zootaxa 3160 (1): 1-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3160.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3160.1.1
B12087C5FFB9FF80E3DD349A03341CBC.taxon	description	(Figs. 27 – 29) Type material: Holotype male (PBI _ OON 00015483): Vietnam: Lam Dong Province: Datanla Waterfall, 11 ° 54 ' 02 " N, 108 ° 26 ' 54 " E, 1300 m, evergreen hill forest, 5 / 11 / 12 September 2003, leg. P. Schwendinger (MHNG). Female paratype (PBI _ OON 00016041), collected with male holotype (MHNG). Three male paratypes (PBI _ OON 00031341, PBI _ OON 00031342, PBI _ OON 00031343) and one female paratype (BPI _ OON 00015483), collected with male holotype (MHNG). Male paratype (PBI _ OON 00016042) and female paratype (PBI _ OON 00016043), collected with male holotype (NMBE). Male paratype (PBI _ OON 00016044), collected with male holotype (AMNH). Etymology: The species epithet refers to the surname of the arachnologist Holger Frick from Liechtenstein, currently working at Vaduz, Liechtenstein. Diagnosis: The species can be distinguished from other species of Gamasomorpha by the combination of following traits: Sternum with rows of large, proximally broadened, rather fused, droplike pits between coxae I-II, II-III and III-IV (fig. 27. D, F), lateral carapace surface finely, longitudinally striated (figs. 27. E, G), abdominal scutopedicel region unmodified (fig. 28. A), male palp with strongly pointed conical extension (ce), (figs. 29. A – B). Description: Description based on 6 males and 3 females. MALE: Body length 2.9 mm. Uniformly orange-brown colored species, legs pale orange (figs. 27. A – C). Carapace pars cephalica surface finely transversally striated (fig. 27. G), pars thoracica without posterolateral spikes, posterolateral edge without pits, lateral margin straight from dorsal view, rebordered, with very tiny, blunt denticles (fig. 27. G), cephalic setae u-shaped distribution in double row. Anterior margin of sternum with continuous transverse groove (ctg), (fig. 27. D). Eye group by at least diameter of anterior lateral eyes narrower than clypeus (fig. 27. H), all eyes subequal in size. Abdomen scuta surface strongly punctate (fig. 28. A), setae needle-like, at epigastric area slightly plumose (fig. 28. D); pedicel tube without dorsolateral, triangular extensions; booklung covers (boc) very large, ovoid, anterolateral edge unmodified (figs. 27. C, 28. B); postepigastric scutum with short, posteriorly directed lateral apodemes, colulus represented only by setae. Legs ventral apex of tibiae III and IV with one specialized hair (sh) with fine, plumose, curved hair tip (see fig. 13. C), ventral apex of tibia I-IV with two thickened, long, needle-like setae. Male genitalia: Similar to G. asterobothros with a long slender, lamellar embolus (em), adjacent to an embolic accessory appendage (ma) and a lamellar conductor (co) (figs. 29. A – C). Conical extension (ce) unincisive (figs. 29. A – B). Distal apex of mesal embolic accessory appendage bent ventrally, with tiny dorsal denticles (figs. 29. D – E). Cymbium about as long as bulbus. FEMALE: Body length 3.1 mm. Postepigastric scutum without posteriorly directed lateral apodemes. Female genitalia: Ventral view (fig. 28. C): Without external features. Dorsal view (figs. 29. F – H): receptaculum (re) ovoid, elongated, secretory sac (ssa) ovoid, globular appendix (gap) clearly shorter than half the length of receptaculum, pore field of receptaculum (pof) concentrated mainly at posterior end of globular appendix, with an anterior paddle-like sclerite (psc) and a nail-like process (na), with lateral sclerites functioning as muscle attachments (A 1). Female not examined with SEM, no detailed description on promarginal chelicerae setae, serrula, grooves on lateral margin of sternum, trichobothria hood structure, tarsal organ and scopula between claws. Distribution: Known only from the type location, the Datanla Waterfall in southern Vietnam (fig. 50. B).	en	Eichenberger, Beata, Kranz-Baltensperger, Yvonne, Ott, Ricardo, Graber, Werner, Nentwig, Wolfgang, Kropf, Christian (2012): Morphology of new Indian / Indonesian Gamasomorpha and Xestaspis species (Araneae: Oonopidae) 3160. Zootaxa 3160 (1): 1-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3160.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3160.1.1
B12087C5FFBDFF84E3DD349A04C21FC7.taxon	description	(Figs. 30 – 31) Gamasomorpha seximpressa (Simon, 1907: 254) Type material examined: Female holotype (PBI _ OON 00005501): Indonesia: Java: Mt. Gedé, det. Simon, deposited in Museum Paris, AR 14179. Diagnosis: Resembles G. asterobothros n. sp. and G. petoteca n. sp. Male palp with unique thorn (th) near base at dorsal side of mesal embolic accessory appendage (ma), (fig. 31. G). Female not clearly distinguishable from G. petoteca n. sp. and G. asterobothros n. sp. Description: Female redescribed on the basis of holotype and 8 new specimens, male newly described based on 4 individuals. MALE: Body length 2.9 mm. Uniformly red-brown colored species, legs orange-brown (figs. 30. A – C). Similar to G. asterobothros: Sternum with radial furrows of large, roundish droplike pits between coxae I-II, II-III, III- IV (fig. 30. E), anterior margin with interrupted transverse groove (itg) (fig. 30. E). Carapace with three pairs of posterolateral spikes (cps) (figs. 30. C, G), lateral margin with blunt denticles (fig. 30. G), posterolateral edge with a pair of pits (cpp) (fig. 30. G). Eye group by radius to diameter of anterior lateral eyes narrower than clypeus (fig. 30. D). Abdomen scuto-pedicel region with paired curved scutal ridges (psr) (fig. 31. A), pedicel tube with small, dorsolateral, triangular extensions (pds) (fig. 31. A). Booklung covers (boc), quite large, ovoid, anterolateral edge unmodified (fig. 31. B). Male genitalia: Similar to G. asterobothros n. sp. with a long slender, lamellar embolus (em), adjacent to an embolic accessory appendage (ma) and a lamellar conductor (co) (figs. 31. E – G). Conical extension (ce) unincisive (figs. 31. E – F). No detailed description on promarginal chelicerae setae, serrula, grooves on lateral margin of sternum, trichobothria hood structure, tarsal organ and scopula between claws. FEMALE: As in male except as noted. Slightly larger than male. Carapace lateral margin smooth or with denticles. Opisthosoma more round. Postepigastric scutum not fused to epigastric scutum. Female palp claws and spines absent, tarsus unmodified. Serrula present in single row. Female genitalia: Ventral view (fig. 31. C): Without external features. Dorsal view (fig. 31. D): independent internal sclerite present; semifused to the ventral scutum anterior border. Receptaculum and secretory sac roundish to ovoid, located mainly between the epigastric furrow and posterior tracheal groove. Large globular appendix, arising dorsally on the genital sclerite and attached to the anterior part of receptaculum. With large paddle-like sclerite near the anterior end of genital sclerite. Distribution: Indonesia, Java (fig. 49. B) Intraspecific variation: Carapace lateral margin smooth or with blunt denticles (detected only in females); abdominal scuta with needle-like or slightly plumose setae.	en	Eichenberger, Beata, Kranz-Baltensperger, Yvonne, Ott, Ricardo, Graber, Werner, Nentwig, Wolfgang, Kropf, Christian (2012): Morphology of new Indian / Indonesian Gamasomorpha and Xestaspis species (Araneae: Oonopidae) 3160. Zootaxa 3160 (1): 1-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3160.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3160.1.1
B12087C5FFB0FF89E3DD349A03451DD1.taxon	description	(Figs. 32 – 34)	en	Eichenberger, Beata, Kranz-Baltensperger, Yvonne, Ott, Ricardo, Graber, Werner, Nentwig, Wolfgang, Kropf, Christian (2012): Morphology of new Indian / Indonesian Gamasomorpha and Xestaspis species (Araneae: Oonopidae) 3160. Zootaxa 3160 (1): 1-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3160.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3160.1.1
B12087C5FFB0FF89E3DD349A03451DD1.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined: Lectotype male: Sri Lanka (PBI _ OON _ 00005526), deposited at MNHN (AR 5705); Paralectotypes: 2 females, same data and same vial as lectotype; 2 males, same locality as lectotype (PBI _ OON _ 00025594) split from the herein designed lectotype vial, deposited at MNHN. Remarks: original vial received with label “ MUSEUM PARIS AR 5705; 15082 Gamasomorpha taprobanica E. S.; Maturara - Nuwala Eliya! ”; Simon, 1893 refers to Maturata (with a “ t ”) and Nuwara Eliya (Nuwara with a “ r ”), both places located in Central Sri Lanka at 1000 - 1300 m altitude. Diagnosis: G. taprobanica differs from other Gamosomorpha species by the following combination of characters: Sternum with rows of large, droplike pits between coxae I-II, II-III and III-IV (figs. 32. C, 33. C, 34. A); small, elliptic and raised booklung covers with smooth surface and characteristic dorsoanterior tubercle combined with an almost contiguous suprapedicelar main ridge and with second, upper, downwards curved, scutal ridge (fig. 33. F); male palp, conductor (basal piece) distally stout and subquadrate, with a large, semicircular, ventral excavation (figs. 32. E – G); female genitalia with squared and elongated receptaculum as long as the posterior spiracle apodemes (figs. 34. B – D). Description: MALE: Body length 2.38. Uniformely orange-brown colored species, legs pale orange (figs. 32. A – C). Carapace broadly oval in dorsal view (fig. 32. A); pars cephalica quite strongly elevated in lateral view (fig. 32. B), without posterolateral spikes and pits, surface sides granulate (fig. 32. A), carapace lateral margin straight from dorsal view. Anterior lateral eyes largest, oval, posterior median eyes and posterior lateral eyes circular (fig. 32. D). Sternum anterior margin with continuous transverse groove. Abdomen anteriorly extending far dorsal of pedicel, surrounding pedicel, scuto-pedicel region with widely W-shaped scutal ridge (see fig. 33. F); pedicel tube with small, dorsolateral, blunt extensions (see fig. 33. F); booklung covers small, elliptical, anterolateral edge with tubercle, slightly elevated from surface. Postepigastric scutum with short, posteriorly directed lateral apodemes. Legs patella plus tibia I shorter than carapace. No detailed description on promarginal chelicerae setae, serrula, grooves on lateral margin of sternum, trichobothria hood structure, tarsal organ and scopula between claws. Male genitalia (figs. 32. E – K): Similar to G. asterobothros n. sp. with a long slender, lamellar embolus, adjacent to an embolic accessory appendage and a lamellar conductor. Embolus with subdistal retrolateral spermatic opening, without prolateral excavation, distally stout and indented, mesal embolic acessory appendage shorter than embolus, with dorsoanterior row of small teeth and a ventral projected lamellar appendix. Conical extension fairly pronounced. Cymbium not extending beyond distal tip of bulb.	en	Eichenberger, Beata, Kranz-Baltensperger, Yvonne, Ott, Ricardo, Graber, Werner, Nentwig, Wolfgang, Kropf, Christian (2012): Morphology of new Indian / Indonesian Gamasomorpha and Xestaspis species (Araneae: Oonopidae) 3160. Zootaxa 3160 (1): 1-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3160.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3160.1.1
B12087C5FFB0FF89E3DD349A03451DD1.taxon	description	FEMALE: Body length 2.39. Sternum anterior margin unmodified. Mouthparts setae sparse, not as dense as in male. Booklung covers smooth, slightly elevated from surface. Epigastric scutum without lateral joints. Female genitalia: Ventral view (fig. 33. C): Without external features. Ventral view (figs. 34. B, D): with independent internal genital sclerite semi-attached to the anterior border of the abdominal ventral plate; anterior apodemes of genital independent sclerite present, reaching to the anterior portion of the spiracle interconnecting groove; receptaculum well delimited, squared, elongated, anterior portion position around the area between the anterior border of ventral plate and tracheal spiracle interconnecting groove, as long as posterior spiracle apodemes; robust dorsal glandular duct as long as receptaculum, connecting from the anterior paddle-like sclerite to the dorsal part of the receptaculum at some point at the posterior 3 / 4 portion of this one. Other material: 1 male and 2 females, Sri Lanka (PBI _ OON _ 00005505), deposited at MNHN (AR 5701). Remark: vial labeled “ MUSEUM PARIS AR 5701; 15229 Gamasomorpha nigripalpis E. S; Colombo! Galle! ”, clear misidentification; Colombo and Galle are located at the southwest coast of Sri Lanka. The problems around Simons type material of this species are discussed in Platnick et al. 2011 (The goblin spider genus Brignolia (Araneae, Oonopidae) (see PBI homepage )). Distribution: Sri Lanka Intraspecific variation: Males, total 2.38 - 2.52 mm, cephalothorax 1.07 - 1.12 mm, abdomen dorsal scutum 1.21 - 1.55 mm; females, total 2.39 - 2.73 mm, cephalothorax 1.01 - 1.08 mm, abdomen dorsal scutum 1.59 - 1.74 mm.	en	Eichenberger, Beata, Kranz-Baltensperger, Yvonne, Ott, Ricardo, Graber, Werner, Nentwig, Wolfgang, Kropf, Christian (2012): Morphology of new Indian / Indonesian Gamasomorpha and Xestaspis species (Araneae: Oonopidae) 3160. Zootaxa 3160 (1): 1-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3160.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3160.1.1
B12087C5FFB7FF93E3DD32BE05D11D96.taxon	description	(Figs. 35 – 37) Type material: Holotype male (PBI _ OON 00031918): Sri Lanka: Kandy, about 600 m, forest and waterworks, 7 - 11 August 1981 (RMNH). Female paratype (PBI _ OON 00031413): collected with male holotype (RMNH). Male paratype (PBI _ OON 00031412): collected with male holotype (RMNH). Two male paratypes (PBI _ OON 00031925; PBI _ OON 00031445): Sri Lanka: Horton Plains, 2200 m, forest litter, 13 - 15 August 1981 (RMNH). Male paratype (PBI _ OON 00031446): Sri Lanka, Horton Plains, 2200 m, forest litter, 13 - 15 August 1981 (NMBE). Etymology: The species epithet refers to the town Kandy in Sri Lanka which is the type locality. Diagnosis: Sternum with rows of large, droplike or rather channel-like, narrow pits between coxae I-II, II-III and III-IV (fig. 35. D). Resembles X. paulina n. sp. but male palpal conductor, distal part without dorsal tooth-like projection (fig. 37. C). Resembles X. biflocci n. sp. but carapace without posterolateral hair tufts of long, needle-like hairs (fig. 35. F). Description: Description based on 6 males and 2 females. MALE: Body length 2.38 mm. Uniformely orange-brown or red-brown colored species (figs. 35. A – C). Carapace pars cephalica strongly elevated in lateral view (fig. 35. C), posterolateral spikes and pits absent (fig. 35. F), lateral margin straight from dorsal view, cephalic setae u-shaped in single to double row. Anterior lateral eyes separated from edge of carapace by their radius or more, eye group by less than diameter of anterior lateral eyes narrower than clypeus (fig. 35. E). Anterior margin of sternum with continuous transverse groove, posterior extension laterally indented (fig. 35. D). Chelicerae inner margin with enlarged setae, labium anterior margin barely indented at middle. Abdomen scuto-pedicel region with paired curved to straight scutal ridge (psr) in addition with a second, upper, semicircular ridge (usr), (fig. 36. A), pedicel tube with tiny blunt, dorsolateral extensions (fig. 36. A), booklung covers (boc) small, elliptical, border elevated from surface (figs. 36. B, D – E); postepigastric scutum with short, posteriorly directed lateral apodemes. Legs patella plus tibia I shorter than carapace. No detailed description on promarginal chelicerae setae, serrula, grooves on lateral margin of sternum, trichobothria hood structure, tarsal organ and scopula between claws. Male genitalia: With a long slender, lamellar embolus (em), adjacent to an embolic accessory appendage (ma) and a lamellar conductor (co) (figs. 37. A – C). All appendages distally rounded, mesal embolic accessory appendage curved ventrally, conductor straight, without dorsal, tooth-like projection (fig. 37. C). Bulbus distally tapering into a pointed conical extension (ce) (figs. 37. A – B). Cymbium not extending beyond distal tip of bulb. FEMALE: Body length 2.7 mm. Chelicerae inner margin without pairs of elongated setae. Female genitalia: Ventral view (fig. 36. C): Without external features. Dorsal view (figs. 37. D – E): receptaculum (re) ovoid, elongated, secretory sac (ssa) ovoid, globular appendix (gap) narrow, slightly shorter than 0.5 times the length of receptaculum, pore field of receptaculum (pof) distributed widely along the globular appendix, with an anterior paddlelike sclerite (psc) and a nail-like process (na), with lateral sclerites functioning as muscle attachments (A 1). With lateral apodemes (lap) originating from the posterior spiracles. Intraspecific variation: Booklung covers anterolateral edge unmodified or with pointed tubercle (fig. 36. D – E); sternum row of large round pits between coxae III and IV well pronounced or reduced but not absent.	en	Eichenberger, Beata, Kranz-Baltensperger, Yvonne, Ott, Ricardo, Graber, Werner, Nentwig, Wolfgang, Kropf, Christian (2012): Morphology of new Indian / Indonesian Gamasomorpha and Xestaspis species (Araneae: Oonopidae) 3160. Zootaxa 3160 (1): 1-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3160.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3160.1.1
B12087C5FFA8FF97E3DD349A04771B40.taxon	description	(Figs. 38 – 40) Type material: Holotype male (PBI _ OON 00031920): East Sri Lanka: Kataragama Peak, dry litter, 18 August 1983, coll. Deeleman, leg. C. L. en P. R. Deeleman (RMNH). Female paratype (PBI _ OON 00031917): collected with male holotype (RMNH). Four male paratypes (PBI _ OON 00031909; PBI _ OON 00031913; PBI _ OON 00031916; PBI _ OON 00031411): collected with male holotype (RMHN). Two female paratypes (PBI _ OON 00031911; PBI _ OON 00031907): collected with male holotype (RMNH). Male paratype (PBI _ OON 00031910): collected with male holotype (NMBE). Female paratype (PBI _ OON 00031915): collected with male holotype (NMBE). Female paratype (PBI _ OON 00031914): collected with male holotype (AMNH). Male paratype (PBI _ OON 00031908): collected with male holotype (AMNH). Etymology: The species epithet is in honor of the describer’s grandmother Paulina for her 100 th birthday. Diagnosis: Resembles X. kandy n. sp. but male palp, conductor, distal part with dorsal, tooth-like projection (to), (fig. 40. C). Females can not be distinguished from X. kandy n. sp. Resembles X. biflocci n. sp. but carapace without posterolateral hair tufts of long, needle-like hairs (fig. 38. F). Description: Description based on to 9 males and 9 females. MALE: Body length 2.6 mm. Uniformly orange-brown colored species, legs pale orange (figs. 38. A – C). Carapace broadly oval in dorsal view (fig. 38. F); pars cephalica quite strongly elevated in lateral view (fig. 38. C), posterolateral spikes and pits absent (fig. 38. F), lateral margin straight from dorsal view, cephalic setae u-shaped in single to double row. Eye group by less than diameter of anterior lateral eyes narrower than clypeus, all eyes oval, subequal (fig. 38. E). Anterior margin of sternum with continuous transverse groove, posterior extension laterally indented (figs. 38. D). Chelicerae paturon inner margin with pairs of enlarged setae giving it a mustache-like appearance from dorsal view (see fig. 31. B); labium anterior margin not indented at middle. Abdomen scuta surface finely punctate; scuto-pedicel region with paired to straight scutal ridge (psr) with a second, upper, semicircular ridge (usr), (fig. 39. A); pedicel tube without triangular, dorsolateral extensions; booklung covers (boc) small, elliptic, border elevated from surface, anterolateral edge unmodified (figs. 39. B, D); postepigastric scutum with short posteriorly directed lateral apodemes. Legs patella plus tibia shorter than carapace. No detailed description on promarginal chelicerae setae, serrula, grooves on lateral margin of sternum, trichobothria hood structure, tarsal organ and scopula between claws. Male genitalia: Similar to X. kandy n. sp. with a long slender, lamellar embolus (em), adjacent to an embolic accessory appendage (ma) and a lamellar conductor (co) (figs. 40. A – C). Bulbus distally tapering into a pointed conical extension (ce) (figs. 40. A – B). Cymbium just not extending beyond distal tip of bulb. FEMALE: Body length 2.6 mm. Chelicerae inner margin without pairs of elongated setae. Female genitalia: Ventral view: Without external features (fig. 39. C). Dorsal view (figs. 40. D – E): receptaculum (re) ovoid, elongated, secretory sac (ssa) ovoid, globular appendix (gap) narrow, slightly shorter than 0.5 times the length of receptaculum, pore field of receptaculum (pof) distributed widely along the globular appendix, with an anterior paddlelike sclerite (psc) and a nail-like process (na), with lateral sclerites functioning as muscle attachments (A 1). With lateral apodemes originating from the posterior spiracles (lap). Intraspecific variation: Abdominal scuta orange-brown or dark red-brown. Sternum with radial furrows of large roundish or channel-like, droplike pits between coxae I-II, II-III and III-IV (fig. 38. D). Distribution: South Sri Lanka (fig. 50. A)	en	Eichenberger, Beata, Kranz-Baltensperger, Yvonne, Ott, Ricardo, Graber, Werner, Nentwig, Wolfgang, Kropf, Christian (2012): Morphology of new Indian / Indonesian Gamasomorpha and Xestaspis species (Araneae: Oonopidae) 3160. Zootaxa 3160 (1): 1-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3160.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3160.1.1
B12087C5FFAEFF97E3DD35BA04C51C74.taxon	description	(Figs. 41 – 42) Type material: Holotype male (PBI _ OON 00031783): West Sarawak, Semengoh Arboretum, lower track, sieving leaflitter, 23 March 1985, coll. Deeleman, leg. C. L. en P. R. Deeleman (RMNH). Female paratype (PBI _ OON 00031782), West Sarawak, Semengoh Arboretum, litter, humus, wood, 27 March 1985, coll. Deeleman, leg. C. L. en P. R. Deeleman (RMNH). Etymology: The species epithet refers to the Semengoh wildlife centre in Sarawak which is the type locality. Diagnosis: Resembles Gamasomorpha taprobanica Simon, 1893 but sternum with rows of large, rather channellike than droplike pits between coxae I-II, II-III and III-IV (fig. 41 D); abdomen scutopedicel region without second more dorsal ridge (fig. 42. A); carapace posterolateral edges with small, laterally located pits (cpp) (figs. 41. F, H); male palpal conductor (co) distal part curved ventrally, distal tip rounded, without ventral excavation (figs. 42. G – H). Description: MALE: Body length 2.3 mm. Uniformely orange-brown colored species (figs. 41. A – C). Carapace broadly oval in dorsal view; pars cephalica quite strongly elevated in lateral view, without posterolateral spikes, surface sides granulate (figs. 41 E – F), lateral margin straight from dorsal view, cephalic setae u-shaped in double row, transverse row of setae at posterior end of cephalothorax proximally originating from tiny, blunt denticles. Anterior lateral eyes separated from edge of carapace by their radius or more, eye group by less than diameter of anterior lateral eyes narrower than clypeus, all ovoid, subequal (fig. 41. G). Sternum anterior margin with continuous transverse groove (ctg) (fig. 41. D). Abdomen scuto-pedicel region with paired curved scutal ridges (psr) with triangular projections (fig. 42. A), pedicel tube with small, dorsolateral, triangular extensions (pds), (fig. 42. A), booklung covers (boc) small, elliptical, border elevated from surface, anterolateral edge with tubercle (figs. 42. B – C); postepigastric scutum with short, posteriorly directed, lateral apodemes. Legs patella plus tibia shorter than carapace. No detailed description on promarginal chelicerae setae, serrula, grooves on lateral margin of sternum, trichobothria hood structure, tarsal organ and scopula between claws. Male genitalia: Similar to X. kandy n. sp. with a long slender, lamellar embolus (em), adjacent to an embolic accessory appendage (ma) and a lamellar conductor (co) (fig. 42. E – H). Bulbus distally tapering into a strongly pointed conical extension (ce) (figs. 42. E – F). FEMALE: Body length 2.4 mm. Postepigastric scutum without lateral apodemes; colulus presented only by setae. Female genitalia: Ventral view (fig. 42. D): Without external features. Distribution: West Sarawak, Semengoh Arboretum.	en	Eichenberger, Beata, Kranz-Baltensperger, Yvonne, Ott, Ricardo, Graber, Werner, Nentwig, Wolfgang, Kropf, Christian (2012): Morphology of new Indian / Indonesian Gamasomorpha and Xestaspis species (Araneae: Oonopidae) 3160. Zootaxa 3160 (1): 1-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3160.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3160.1.1
B12087C5FFADFF94E3DD349A058F1DD5.taxon	description	(Figs. 43 – 47) Type material: Holotype male (PBI _ OON 00016038): Thailand: Phang Nga Province: Khao Lak National Park, Tone Chong Fa Fall, 8 ° 40 ' N, 98 ° 18 ' E, 100 - 300 m, 6 - 15 January 1998, leg. A. Schulz & K. Vock (Winkler-extraction in primary moist forest with secondary spots) (MHNG). Female paratype (PBI _ OON 00016037): collected with male holotype (MHNG). Male paratype (PBI _ OON 00016036): collected with male holotype (MHNG). Female paratype (PBI _ OON 00012767): Thailand: Krabi Province and District: Khao Phanom Bencha National Park, 100 - 190 m, evergreen rain forest, 11 October 1999, leg. P. Schwendinger (NMBE). Etymology: The species epithet is a noun in apposition and refers to the posterolateral hair tufts on the carapace and is composed of the Latin word bi and the English plural noun flocci. Diagnosis: Can be distinguished from other species of Xestaspis by the combination of following traits: Rows of large, droplike or rather channel-like pits between the coxae I-II, II-III and possibly III-IV (figs. 43 D – H); carapace with posterolateral hair tufts with long, needle-like hairs, at least twice as long and thick as the marginal thoracic setae (pht), (figs. 44. C – D). Description: Description based on 11 males and 12 females. MALE: Body length 2.5 mm. Uniformly red-brown colored species, legs orange-brown (figs. 43 A – C). Carapace broadly oval in dorsal view; pars cephalica quite strongly elevated in lateral view (fig. 43. C), posterolateral spikes and pits absent (fig. 44. B), lateral margin straight from dorsal view, cephalic setae u-shaped in single to double row. Eye group by less than diameter of anterior lateral eyes narrower than clypeus, anterior lateral eyes oval, largest, posterior median eyes oval, about subequal as roundish posterior lateral eyes (fig. 44. A). Anterior margin of sternum with continuous transverse groove (figs. 43. E – F). Chelicerae paturon inner margin with pairs of enlarged setae giving it a mustache-like appearance from dorsal view (ceh), (fig. 44. B); labium barely indented at middle. Abdomen broadly ovoid, scuta surface finely punctate, with short, posteriorly directed lateral apodemes, colulus represented only by setae. Legs patella plus tibia shorter than carapace, ventral apex of tibiae III and IV with brush of specialized hairs (sh) with fine, plumose, curved hair tip (see fig. 13. C), ventral apex of tibiae I-IV with two thickened, long, needle-like setae. Male genitalia: Similar to X. kandy n. sp. with a long slender, lamellar embolus (em), adjacent to an embolic accessory appendage (ma) and a lamellar conductor (co) (figs. 46. A – H). Conical extension (ce) fairly pronounced (figs. 46. A – D). Cymbium extending just beyond distal tip of bulb. FEMALE: Body length 2.8 mm. Chelicerae inner margin without pairs of elongated setae. Colulus very small. Female genitalia: Ventral view (fig. 44. H): Without external features. Dorsal view (figs. 47. A – C): receptaculum (re) ovoid, elongated, secretory sac (ssa) pear-shaped, globular appendix (gap) narrow, slightly shorter than 0.5 times the length of receptaculum, pore field of receptaculum (pof) distributed widely around globular appendix, with an anterior paddle-like sclerite (psc) and a nail-like process (na), with lateral sclerites functioning as muscle attachments (A 1). Intraspecific variation: 3 different morphs (a) - c) in figs. 43., 44., 46) with variation in: furrows on sternum with large round pits or channel-like pits (figs. 43. D – G), shape of pits may not be identical on the right and left side within a single individual (fig. 43. H); booklung covers dotlike and almost not visible or small, ovoid, elevated from surface (figs. 45. A – C) (similar to Xestaspis sp., fig. 36. B), but anterolateral edge unmodified (figs. 45. A – D); pedicel tube with or without small, rounded dorsal extensions (figs. 44. E – F); scuto-pedicel region transition from paired to straight scutal ridge, without or with indicated more dorsal, semicircular, ridge (figs. 44. E – F); sternum posterior extension more or less laterally indented (figs. 43. D – F); conical extension of male palp pointed or rather rounded (figs. 46. B – D); male palp, mesal embolic accessory appendage, dorsal-apical with tiny denticles that may be absent, transitions also within individuals from same location. There was found a cline from South to North in some characters. The size of the booklung covers and the width of the conical extension in the male palp increased towards north. In contrast, indications of a second, more dorsal scuto-pedicel ridge was found in individuals from the south and the north but not in between. Distribution: Southern Thailand, mainly near waterfalls (fig. 50. B).	en	Eichenberger, Beata, Kranz-Baltensperger, Yvonne, Ott, Ricardo, Graber, Werner, Nentwig, Wolfgang, Kropf, Christian (2012): Morphology of new Indian / Indonesian Gamasomorpha and Xestaspis species (Araneae: Oonopidae) 3160. Zootaxa 3160 (1): 1-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3160.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3160.1.1
