identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
F201262A327F53D89963015BF971F6CF.text	F201262A327F53D89963015BF971F6CF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Epanerchodus shibadongensis Li, Deng & Liu 2025	<div><p>Epanerchodus shibadongensis Li, Deng &amp; Liu sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 6, 7, 8, 9</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Holotype. China: • ♂ (JSU Epanerchodus 03); Hunan Province, Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Huayuan County, Shibadong Village, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.825&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.380278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.825/lat 28.380278)">Shiba Cave</a>; 28°22'49"N, 109°49'30"E, ca. 620 m a. s. l., 17 November 2024, S. Li, Z. X. Liu, and Y. Z. Zou leg. Paratypes. China: • ♂, 3 ♀♀ (JSU Epanerchodus 04 - JSU Epanerchodus 07); same data as holotype; Hunan Province, Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Jishou City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.65056&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.3025" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.65056/lat 28.3025)">Tangle Cave</a>; 28°18'9"N, 109°39'2"E, ca. 340 m a. s. l.; 8 May 2023, H. J. Deng, H. Y. Xiang, and Z. X. Liu leg. China: • 2 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀ (JSU Epanerchodus 08 - JSU Epanerchodus 15); same data as holotype; Hunan Province, Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Jishou City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=110.10777&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.488611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 110.10777/lat 28.488611)">Jiuzhaiping Cave</a>; 28°29'19"N, 110°6'28"E, ca. 340 m a. s. l.; 22 September 2023, S. Li, Y. Z. Zou, Z. X. Liu leg.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific name is derived from the type locality, Shibadong Village and Shiba Cave. Adjective.</p><p>Diagnosis. Adult males of E. shibadongensis sp. nov. are distinct from other species of Epanerchodus based on the following combination of characters: (1) body larger in size, length of body ca 21–23 mm (males), width of body ca 3.1–3.3 mm (males); (2) a simple gonopod structure (Fig. 9 B); (3) a short vertical spiniform process present in a mid-lateral position of the endomere (Fig. 9 C).</p><p>Diagnostic remarks.</p><p>This new species is similar to Epanerchodus chutou Liu and Golovatch 2018, from Shiqian County, Guizhou Province (Liu and Golovatch 2018), in which the gonopod endomere shows a spiniform process and a missing gonopod exomere. However, the two species compared differ as follows: (1) gonopodal prefemorite about 1 / 3 as long as telopodite, vs. prefemorite about 2 / 3 as long as telopodite in E. chutou; (2) gonopod endomere with a vertical spiniform process near the middle, vs. gonopod endomere with a slender, spiniform, basal process in E. chutou; (3) gonopod endomere lamellar, crescent-shaped apically, vs. gonopod endomere hoe-shaped, folded at the edge, flush apically in E. chutou; (4) clivus long and high, vs. clivus short in E. chutou .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Based on type specimens. Length of body ca 21–23 mm (males) or 22–24 mm (females). Width of body ca 3.1–3.3 mm (males) or 3.3–3.6 mm (females). Coloration: Live specimens whitish (Fig. 6); in alcohol pale yellowish green (Fig. 7). Body: Adults with 20 segments. In width, head &lt;collum &lt;segments 2–3 &lt;3–6 &lt;7–9 &lt;11–13, thereafter body gradually tapering posteriorly towards telson. Head: vertex covered with short sparse setae, epicranial suture conspicuous, frons densely clothed with short pubescence (Fig. 8 A). Labrum with a row of three sharp teeth, mandibular stipes inflated (Fig. 8 B). Antennae long and slender, slightly clavate, densely covered with short setae, in length, antennomere 1 &lt;7 &lt;4 &lt;5 = 2 = 6 &lt;3, antennomere 6 inflated, antennomere 7 with four sensory cones apically (Fig. 8 A). Exoskeleton: Collum subelliptical, with a row of setae along anterior margin, two faint lateral incisions on each side. Paraterga obvious, midbody metaterga ca 2.0 times as wide as prozona (Fig. 7 B). Paraterga on collum and rings 2–13 clearly upturned dorsally above a faintly convex dorsum, other paraterga flat (Fig. 7 A). Caudolateral corners of paraterga strongly acute, collum, rings 2–5, and rings 13–19 projecting posteriorly past rear tergal margin (Fig. 7 A). Constriction between pro- and metazona narrow and smooth (Fig. 7 B). Metatergal sculpture faint, with three irregular transverse rows of setigerous polygonal bosses. Sulcus between middle and caudal rows of setae deeper than that between front and middle rows. Tergal setae mostly visible, short. Poreless and pore-bearing paraterga with 3 or 4 faint incisions at lateral margin, respectively. Ozopores located between last and penultimate marginal incisions. Pore formula normal: 5, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15–19. Epiproct process short, conical, slightly surpassing paraprocts caudally, pre-apical lateral papillae small, with two long setae (Fig. 7 D). Hypoproct trapezoid, with two triangular and conical papillae at caudal margin. Sterna sparely setose, cross-impressions shallow (Fig. 7 E). Legs 1 shorter, coxa longer, following legs slender, densely setose, claw sharp, spiniform, curved mesad, lacking sphaerotrichomes, prefemora not bulged laterally, about 2 times as long as body height in both sexes (Fig. 8 C). Gonopods: (Fig. 9) coxite robust; prefemorite clothed with dense long setae, as usual, about 1 / 3 as long as telopodite; telopodite inflated; clivus (cl) long and high; endomere (en) lamellar, crescent-shaped apically, with a vertical spiniform process (a) at 2 / 3; exomere absent; a short, digitiform, lateral process (p) about 1 / 4 the length of endomere and near endomere base; seminal groove (sg) starting from lateral side of lateral process, debauching medially from femorite into an accessory seminal chamber.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F201262A327F53D89963015BF971F6CF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Li, Shi;Deng, Hua-Juan;Li, Lin-Bei;Huang, Jie;Tang, Yan;Zou, Ya-Zhen;Liu, Zhi-Xiao	Li, Shi, Deng, Hua-Juan, Li, Lin-Bei, Huang, Jie, Tang, Yan, Zou, Ya-Zhen, Liu, Zhi-Xiao (2025): Two new species of the millipede genus Epanerchodus Attems, 1901 from Wuling Mountains, Hunan Province, China (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Polydesmidae). Zoosystematics and Evolution 101 (4): 1845-1856, DOI: 10.3897/zse.101.161070
A9A0EE4D986F5FE1ABC4C4DE15E8B329.text	A9A0EE4D986F5FE1ABC4C4DE15E8B329.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Epanerchodus xiaoxiensis Li, Deng & Liu 2025	<div><p>Epanerchodus xiaoxiensis Li, Deng &amp; Liu sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 2, 3, 4, 5</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Holotype. China: • ♂ (JSUXiaoxi 03); Hunan Province, Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Yongshun County, Xiaoxi National Nature Reserve, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=110.23&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.78" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 110.23/lat 28.78)">Jinji Cave</a>; 28°46'48"N, 110°13'48"E, ca. 890 m a. s. l.; 12 August 2024, S. Li, H. J. Deng, Z. X. Liu, and Y. Tang leg. Paratypes. China: • 3 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀ (JSUXiaoxi 04 - JSUXiaoxi 09); same data as holotype. China: • 2 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀ (JSUXiaoxi 10 - JSUXiaoxi 15); same data as holotype; Hunan Province, Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Yongshun County, Xiaoxi National Nature Reserve, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=110.23861&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.815832" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 110.23861/lat 28.815832)">Huangni Cave</a>; 28°48'57"N, 110°14'19"E, ca. 31043 m a. s. l.; 4 May 2023, H. J. Deng, Q. J. Wu, D. Q. Xiang, and Z. X. Liu leg. China: • 5 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀ (JSUXiaoxi 16 - JSUXiaoxi 23); same data as holotype; Hunan Province, Zhangjiajie City, Cili County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=110.72806&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.440832" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 110.72806/lat 29.440832)">Longwang Cave</a>; 29°26'27"N, 110°43'41"E, ca. 380 m a. s. l.; 21 September 2024, S. Li, Y. Z. Zou, Z. X. Liu, and Y. Tang leg.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific name derives from the type locality, Xiaoxi National Nature Reserve. Adjective.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Adult males of E. xiaoxiensis sp. nov. are distinct from other Epanerchodus species based on the following combination of characters: (1) body smaller in size, length of body ca 11–13 mm (males), width of body ca 1.5–1.6 mm (males); (2) gonopodal prefemorite stout and short, about 1 / 3 as long as telopodite (Fig. 5 B); (3) gonopod endomere with a bifurcated shape at the end (Fig. 5 B); (4) gonopod exomere long and pointed, sword-shaped, as long as gonopod endomere (Fig. 5 B).</p><p>Diagnostic remarks.</p><p>Based both on the geographic distribution and morphological characters, the new species seems to be especially close to E. tujiaphilus (Liu and Golovatch 2018), from Longshan County, Hunan Province, in which the endomere tip is bifid and the exomere spiniform. However, the two species compared are clearly different: (1) body smaller and transparent white (Fig. 2), vs. body larger and yellowish in E. tujiaphilus; (2) the gonopod endomere is as long as the gonopod exomere (Fig. 5 A), vs. the gonopod endomere is considerably longer than the gonopod exomere.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Based on type specimens. Length of body ca 11–13 mm (males) or 12–15 mm (females). Width of body ca 1.5–1.6 mm (males) or 1.7–1.8 mm (females). Coloration: Live specimens semi-transparent to whitish (Fig. 2); in alcohol, light yellowish (Fig. 3). Body: Adults with 20 segments. In width, head &lt;collum &lt;segment 2 &lt;3 &lt;4 &lt;5 &lt;6 &lt;7–16, thereafter body gradually tapering posteriorly towards telson. Head: vertex pubescent, epicranial suture conspicuous (Fig. 4 A), frons with dense short pubescence (Fig. 4 A). Labrum relatively flat and long, with a row of three sharp teeth (Fig. 4 A). Antennae long and slender, slightly clavate, densely setose, in situ extending past ring 4 when extended posteriorly (Fig. 3 B); in length, antennomere 7 &lt;1 &lt;4 = 5 &lt;2 = 6 &lt;3 (Fig. 4 B); antennomeres 5 and 6 each with a distodorsal group of sensilla basiconica (Fig. 4 B); antennomere 6 thick and swollen; antennomere 7 with four sensory cones apically (Fig. 4 C). Exoskeleton: Collum semi-oval, sparsely setose, with a lateral incision on each side (Figs 3 A, 4 B). Paraterga well-developed and mostly slightly upturned dorsally (Fig. 4 D), midbody metaterga ca 1.6 times as wide as prozona (Fig. 3 A). Anterior margins of metaterga forming shoulders (Fig. 3 A). Caudolateral corners of paraterga starting with ring 2 clearly projecting posteriorly past tergal margin and strongly acuminate (Fig. 3 A). Integument shining, translucent, prozona very delicately alveolate (Fig. 3 A). Constriction between pro- and metazona narrow and smooth (Fig. 3 B). Metatergal sculpture faint, with three irregular transverse rows of setigerous polygonal bosses (Fig. 4 D). Sulcus between front and middle rows of setae distinct; that between middle and caudal rows obscure (Fig. 4 D). Tergal setae visible, short. Poreless and pore-bearing paraterga with 3 or 4 faint incisions at lateral margin, respectively. Ozopores located between last and penultimate marginal incisions (Fig. 4 D). Pore formula normal: 5, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15–19. Epiproct process short, conical, slightly surpassing paraprocts caudally, pre-apical lateral papillae small, with two long setae (Fig. 4 F). Hypoproct trapezoid, with two setigerous, conical papillae at caudal margin (Fig. 4 F). Sterna sparely setose, cross-impressions shallow (Fig. 3 B). Rings 5–19 each with two pairs of long legs, tarsi longest, claws curved ventrad and pointed, legs ca 1.5 times as long as body height in both sexes. Neither sphaerotrichomes nor sternal cones, prefemora not bulged laterally (Fig. 4 E). Gonopods: coxite short and stout; prefemorite densely setose, as usual, about 1 / 3 as long as telopodite; femorite with a finger-shaped process (p); clivus (cl) short; endomere (en) with a bifurcated shape at the end; exomere (ex) long and pointed, sword-shaped, as long as endomere; seminal groove (sg) running mostly mesally, then ultimately entering an accessory seminal chamber (Fig. 5).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A9A0EE4D986F5FE1ABC4C4DE15E8B329	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Li, Shi;Deng, Hua-Juan;Li, Lin-Bei;Huang, Jie;Tang, Yan;Zou, Ya-Zhen;Liu, Zhi-Xiao	Li, Shi, Deng, Hua-Juan, Li, Lin-Bei, Huang, Jie, Tang, Yan, Zou, Ya-Zhen, Liu, Zhi-Xiao (2025): Two new species of the millipede genus Epanerchodus Attems, 1901 from Wuling Mountains, Hunan Province, China (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Polydesmidae). Zoosystematics and Evolution 101 (4): 1845-1856, DOI: 10.3897/zse.101.161070
