identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
B04E462AFF977A3C42E0FD85FE2EA240.text	B04E462AFF977A3C42E0FD85FE2EA240.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caledophora Ament & Brown 2017	<div><p>Caledophora gen. nov.</p> <p>Type species: Caledophora irwini Ament and Brown. Refs: Ament 2017: ‘New genus from New Caledonia’.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Male. Frons setulose, without median furrow (Figure 1 (b,e)). Frontal setation 4-4-4, with two proclinate supra-antennal setae. First flagellomere globose. Aristomeres elongated. Anepisternum bare, posterior furrow extending through half of the anepisternum; lateral parapsidal suture long; limit between meron and katepisternum marked by a suture (Figure 1 (g)). Scutellum with two small lateral and two large medial setae. Fore tibia with one dorsal seta, mid tibia with basal pair of setae on basal third and anterior pre-apical seta. Hind tibia with one anterodorsal seta at basal third, one anterodorsal pre-apical seta, and two large ventral apical setae. Wing vein R 2+3 absent; R 4+5 slightly angulated near M 1 base (Figure 1 (c,f)). Terminalia relatively large; epandrium connected under hypoproct; right lateral side of epandrium extended posteriorly. Hypandrium with two bare lobes of about equal size (Figure 2).</p> <p>Female. Similar to males, but with hind tibia lacking large setae on the basal third. Proboscis slightly elongated (Figure 3 (a)). Tergite 7 absent, T8 vestigial, T9+T10 conspicuous (Figure 3 (b,c)). Sternite 7 conspicuous, narrow; other sternites absent. Cercus cylindrical.</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>The genus name refers to New Caledonia, where all specimens have been collected.</p> <p>Comments</p> <p>Caledophora may be differentiated from most other members of the Bothroprosopa group sensu Ament (2017) mainly by its lack of the wing vein R 2+3 and hypopygium not being expanded dorsoventrally. These characteristics are also present in Wharia and Minicosta, however, from which Caledophora may be separated by its three complete setal rows on frons (4-4-4) and light brown body colour.</p> <p>Phylogenetic position</p> <p>Caledophora is probably closely related to the genera of the Bothroprosopa -group of Brown (1992) and Ament (2017). This can be inferred by the possible synapomorphies</p> <p>shared among these genera: elongated aristomeres 1 and 2 and epandrium connecting under hypoproct.</p> <p>Biogeography</p> <p>Based on the close relationships of some New Caledonia taxa to other South American, New Zealand and African groups, some authors have inferred that the New Caledonia biota had a Gondwanan origin (e.g. Pagel 2003). However, geological evidence indicates that New Caledonia was completely submersed during a period within the Palaeocene–Oligocene, suggesting that its actual biota is entirely the consequence of later recolonization (Paris 1981; Grandcolas et al. 2008). In general, the dated phylogenies obtained for taxa in these areas are consistent with the geological inferences, with dispersal being relatively recent (Grandcolas et al. 2008). We consider a scenario in which the New Caledonia biota dispersed in the Oligocene (or later) from nearby localities, in the case of Caledophora perhaps New Zealand, the best explanation of the evidence.</p> <p>Male–female species level association</p> <p>We did not associate males with females as we could not find conspicuous differences among the females examined.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B04E462AFF977A3C42E0FD85FE2EA240	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ament, Danilo César;Brown, Brian Victor	Ament, Danilo César, Brown, Brian Victor (2017): Caledophora (Diptera: Phoridae), a new genus from New Caledonia. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 51 (45 - 46): 2711-2719, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2017.1390176, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2017.1390176
B04E462AFF907A3E42E0FAC2FC5FA507.text	B04E462AFF907A3E42E0FAC2FC5FA507.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caledophora irwini Ament & Brown 2017	<div><p>Caledophora irwini sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figures 1 (a–c,g), 2 and 4)</p> <p>Material examined</p> <p>Holotype male, NEW CALEDONIA: Prov. Nord., 5 km southwest <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=164.53&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.4" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 164.53/lat -20.4)">Puébo Mount Mandjelia</a>, 20.40°S 164.53°E, 9–15 December 2000, Malaise trap, 750 m, M. Irwin col. (INHS). Paratypes: four males, same data as holotype (LACM).</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Male. Anepisternum yellowish-brown dorsally and yellowish-white ventrally; phallus with an apically filamentous plate; epiphallus with small scales.</p> <p>Description</p> <p>Male. Body length, 1.5 mm (Figure 1 (a)). Head. Frons dark brown (Figure 1 (b)). First flagellomere globose, basal half light brown, apical half brown. Palpus yellowish-brown, with five setae; four or five genal setae. Thorax. Scutum, scutellum, pleural regions, and legs yellowish-brown. Fore tibia with one dorsal seta and anterodorsal row of setae at apical two-thirds. Fore metatarsus width/length ratio, 0.18. Hind femur height/length ratio, 0.3. Hind tibia with one anterodorsal seta at basal third, one anterodorsal preapical seta and two large ventral apical setae. Wing (Figure 1 (c)). Costal not swollen, 0.45 of the wing length. R 2+3 absent, R 4+5 slightly angulated near M 1 base; M 1 concave; M 2 slightly sinuous; CuA 1 sinuous. Wing length, 1.64. Haltere yellowish-brown. Abdomen. Hypopygium light brown (Figure 2). Epandrium globose, extensively covered with microtrichia – only small latero-basal regions bare. No clearly defined surstyli. Both sides of epandrium with one apical large seta. Epandrium right lateral with subepandrial group of small setulae. Hypandrium lobes bare, about the same size. Hypoproct with two setae. Phallus (Figure 4). Basiphallus approximately ring-shaped, with left lateral gap at connection to membranous scaled plate. Dorsal core plate well developed, apically rounded. Epiphallus membranous, scaled, curved under the core plate. Remainder of distiphallus extremely complex, with apically filamentous plate.</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>This species is named in honour of its collector, Dr Michael Irwin.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B04E462AFF907A3E42E0FAC2FC5FA507	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ament, Danilo César;Brown, Brian Victor	Ament, Danilo César, Brown, Brian Victor (2017): Caledophora (Diptera: Phoridae), a new genus from New Caledonia. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 51 (45 - 46): 2711-2719, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2017.1390176, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2017.1390176
B04E462AFF927A3E42E2FD0FFCEDA1F2.text	B04E462AFF927A3E42E2FD0FFCEDA1F2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caledophora webbi Ament & Brown 2017	<div><p>Caledophora webbi sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figures 1 (d–f) and 5)</p> <p>Material examined</p> <p>Holotype male, NEW CALEDONIA: Prov. Nord., 5 km southwest <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=164.53&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.38" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 164.53/lat -20.38)">Puébo Mount Mandjelia</a>, 20.38°S 164.53°E, 9–15 December 2000, Malaise trap, 780 m, M. Irwin col. (INHS) Paratypes: one male, same data as holotype; two males, same but 20.40°S 164.53°E, 750 m (LACM).</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Anepisternum light brown dorsally and yellowish-white ventrally; phallus with no conspicuous apically filamentous plate; epiphallus with large scales.</p> <p>Description</p> <p>Male. Body length, 1.27 mm (Figure 1 (d)). Head. Frons dark brown (Figure 1 (e)). First flagellomere globose, basal half light brown, apical half brown. Palpus yellowish-brown, with four setae. Five genal setae. Thorax. Scutum, scutellum and dorsal part of anepisternum brown, other pleural regions and legs yellowish-brown. Fore tibia with one dorsal seta and anterodorsal row of setae at apical two-thirds. Hind femur height/length ratio, 0.29. Fore metatarsus width/length ratio, 0.18. Hind tibia with one anterodorsal seta at basal third, one anterodorsal pre-apical seta and two large ventral apical setae. Wing (Figure 1 (f)). With no conspicuous differences from that of C. irwini except the smaller size (length 1.27 mm). Haltere light brown. Abdomen. Hypopygial external capsule (epandrium + hypandrium) with no conspicuous differences from that of C. irwini. Phallus (Figure 5). Basiphallus and dorsal core plate as in C. irwini. Epiphallus membranous, with large scales. The rest of the distiphallus is extremely complex, with sclerotized projections sustaining the membranous parts; distiphallus without apically filamentous plate.</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>Named for Don Webb, who sent us this material to study.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B04E462AFF927A3E42E2FD0FFCEDA1F2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ament, Danilo César;Brown, Brian Victor	Ament, Danilo César, Brown, Brian Victor (2017): Caledophora (Diptera: Phoridae), a new genus from New Caledonia. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 51 (45 - 46): 2711-2719, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2017.1390176, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2017.1390176
