identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
52A4AEC08C2B5F739D5B4DA055D1ACC9.text	52A4AEC08C2B5F739D5B4DA055D1ACC9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Melanoplus balcones Hill 2023	<div><p>Melanoplus balcones sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 2F, 3I, 4I, 9A-J, 14, 19</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype: 1♂, USA, TEXAS, Travis Co., 5.7 mi NW Lago Vista, 30.5041, -98.0678, 23 July 2021, J.G. Hill; Collected in live oak savanna and diverse grassland. Deposited in the Mississippi Entomological Museum.</p><p>Other specimens examined.</p><p>Texas: Travis Co., 5.7 mi NW Lago Vista, 30.5041, -98.0678, 23 July 2021, J.G. Hill (2♂) .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Male cerci that are broadly falcate (Figs 2F, 9A, B), and the internal male genitalia with the aedeagal sheath that does not project to the distal edge dorsal valves. Dorsal valves are thin plates that have a caudal margin that is perpendicular to the sheath and then slopes downward apically to point, and are produced laterally to the ventral valves, giving the aedeagus a narrow or thin appearance in caudal or dorsal views (Figs 3I, 4I). The ventral valves are slightly shorter than the dorsal valves (Fig. 9F). Most similar to M. kendalli and M. susdentatus, but M. balcones is easily separated from M. kendalli by having an aedeagal sheath that does not reach the distal margin of the dorsal valves and the shape of dorsal valves (Fig. 9C-G), and from M. susdentatus by the longer, more arching dorsal aedeagus valves found in that species (Fig. 8C-G).</p><p>Male measurements.</p><p>(mm): (n = 3) Body length 19.4-20.6 (mean = 20); pronotum length 4.0-4.6 (mean = 4.3); tegmen length 4.0-4.6 (mean = 4.3); hind femur length 10.6-11.2 (mean = 10.9); cerci length 0.8-0.9 (mean = 0.9); basal width of cercus 0.6-0.7 (mean = 0.7); mid-cercal width 0.4-0.6 (mean = 0.5); cerci apex width 0.3 (mean = 0.3).</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Live oak savanna or juniper oak savanna (Fig. 19A-C).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>East central Balcones Escarpment in the vicinity of Travis County (Fig. 14).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Named after the Balcones Canyonlands and Escarpment where this species is endemic.</p><p>Suggested common name.</p><p>Balcones pouncer.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/52A4AEC08C2B5F739D5B4DA055D1ACC9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Hill, JoVonn G.	Hill, JoVonn G. (2023): Diversification deep in the heart of Texas: seven new grasshopper species and establishment of the Melanoplus discolor species group (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Melanoplinae). ZooKeys 1165: 101-136, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047
B060BF7DE94F5650AFF5CC53F3F1BFD4.text	B060BF7DE94F5650AFF5CC53F3F1BFD4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Melanoplus comanche Hill 2023	<div><p>Melanoplus comanche sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 2G, 3D, 4D, 12A-J, 14</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype: 1♂, USA, TEXAS, Bandera Co., 4.5. mi NE Bandera, 29.7646, -99.0346, 25 August 2022, J.G. Hill; Collected in Ashe juniper savanna, MEM 501,225. Deposited in the Mississippi Entomological Museum.</p><p>Other specimens examined.</p><p>Texas, Bandera Co., 4.5 mi NE Bandera, 29.7646, -99.0346. 26 August 2022, J.G. Hill (4♂); 7 mi NE <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-98.8711&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.7312" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -98.8711/lat 29.7312)">Bandera</a>, 29.7312, -98.8711, 17 July 2019, J.G. Hill, M.J. Thorn, B.S. Dunaway (4♂, 4♀) . Medina Co., 9 mi N Rio Medina, 29.5626, -98.8823, 17 July 2019, J.G. Hill, M.J. Thorn, B.S. Dunaway (4♂, 3♀) .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Male cerci broadly falcate (Figs 2G, 12A, B), internal male genitalia where the valves of the aedeagus projected dorsally, appearing very broad in dorsal or caudal view, and with the dorsal valves forming semi-circular like tubes (Figs 3D, 4D). Most similar to M. kendalli, but M. comanche is easily separated from that species by having a much broader aedeagus in dorsal or caudal view and dorsal aedeagal valves that are form semi-circular tube as opposed to being flattened in M. kendalli (Figs 8C-F, 12C-F), and the shape and level of sclerotization of the dorsal valves (Figs 8C-G, 12C-F).</p><p>Measurements.</p><p>Male measurements. (mm): (n = 6) Body length 18.2-21.2 (mean = 19.5); pronotum length 4.1-4.9 (mean = 4.5); hind femur length 9.6-12.0 (mean = 10.8); cerci length 0.8-0.9 (mean = 0.9); basal width of cercus 0.5-0.6 (mean = 0.6); mid-cercal width 0.4 (mean = 0.4); cerci apex width 0.2-0.3 (mean = 0.3).</p><p>Female measurements. (mm): (n = 3) Body length 21.5-24.3 (mean = 22.9); pronotum length 4.5-5.7 (mean = 5.1) tegmen length 4.7-6.5 (mean = 5.7); hind femur length 11.5-13.7 (mean = 12.9); Dorsal ovipositor valve length1.4-1.5 (mean = 1.5); ventral ovipositor valve length 1.3-1.4 (mean = 1.4).</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Oak savanna, Ashe juniper savanna and along a dry creek bed in an Ashe juniper savanna.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Southern Edwards plateau in the vicinity of Bandera and Medina Counties (Fig. 14).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Named in honor of the Comanche tribe of Native Americans who previously inhabited the area where this species occurs.</p><p>Suggested common name.</p><p>Comanche pouncer.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B060BF7DE94F5650AFF5CC53F3F1BFD4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Hill, JoVonn G.	Hill, JoVonn G. (2023): Diversification deep in the heart of Texas: seven new grasshopper species and establishment of the Melanoplus discolor species group (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Melanoplinae). ZooKeys 1165: 101-136, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047
4DC1B741DA50574195D2F5AAE3B91EE8.text	4DC1B741DA50574195D2F5AAE3B91EE8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Melanoplus corniculatus Hill 2023	<div><p>Melanoplus corniculatus sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 2D, 3C, 4C, 10A-J, 14, 20</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype: 1♂, USA, TEXAS, Kerr Co., Kerrville, 30.0677223, -99.139329, 25 July 2018, J.G. Hill, Collected in oak juniper savanna. Deposited in the Mississippi Entomological Museum.</p><p>Other specimens examined.</p><p>Texas: Bandera Co., 4.5 mi N. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-99.303&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.8502" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -99.303/lat 29.8502)">Medina</a>, 29.8502, -99.3030, 28 July 2020, J.G. Hill (2♂) . Kerr Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-99.13933&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.067722" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -99.13933/lat 30.067722)">Kerrville</a>, 30.0677223, -99.139329, 25 July 2018, J.G. Hill (1♂, 3F) ; 0.2 mi N <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-99.335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.0736" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -99.335/lat 30.0736)">Hunt</a>, 30.0736, -99.3350, 27 July 2020, M.J. Thorn (6♂, 3♀) ; Same data, except B. S Dunaway (2♂) ; 3.7 mi E <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-99.3965&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.0576" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -99.3965/lat 30.0576)">Hunt</a>, 30.0576, -99.3965, 26 July 2020, M. J. Thorn (2♂, 1♀) ; Same data, except A. G. Hendon (1♂) ; 4.3 mi SW <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-99.3945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.031" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -99.3945/lat 30.031)">Hunt</a>, 30.0310, -99.3945, 26 July 2020, M. J. Thorn (1♂) ; Same data, except A.G. Hendon (1♂) .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Male cerci falcate with a steeply curving ventral edge (Figs 2D, 10A, B), internal male genitalia with the valves of the aedeagus projected caudally with dorsal valves that are trifid with the medial branch darker and longer than the distal two. (Figs 3C, 4C). Most similar to M. walkeri, but M. corniculatus is easily separated from that species by having a less steeply curving male cerci (Fig. 2D, E), aedeagal valves that are produced caudally instead of dorsally (Figs 10C-F, 11C-F), and the shape of the dorsal valves (Figs 10C-G, 11C-F).</p><p>Measurements.</p><p>Male measurements. (mm): (n = 14) Body length 19.0-22.3 (mean = 20.2); pronotum length 4.0-5.0 (mean = 4.4); tegmen length 4.8-6.0 (mean = 5.3); hind femur length 9.9-11.6 (mean = 11.0); cerci length 0.9-1.3 (mean = 1.0); basal width of cercus 0.6-0.9 (mean = 0.8); mid-cercal width 0.4-0.6 (mean = 0.5); cerci apex width 0.3-0.4 (mean = 0.3).</p><p>Female measurements. (mm): (n = 7) Body length 19.2-24.5 (mean = 22.1); pronotum length 4.5-5.3 (mean = 5.0); tegmen length 5.5-7.5 (mean = 6.2); hind femur length 11.1-13.3 (mean = 12.3); dorsal ovipositor valve length 1.3-1.7 (mean = 1.5); ventral ovipositor valve length 1.5-1.7 (mean = 1.5).</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Ashe Juniper savanna (Fig. 20A).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Endemic to the Edwards Plateau of Texas in the vicinity of Kerr and Bandera Counties (Fig. 14).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>From the Latin meaning horned (antlered) or horn shaped. In reference to the dorsal valves being shaped like antlers.</p><p>Suggested common name.</p><p>Antlered pouncer.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4DC1B741DA50574195D2F5AAE3B91EE8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Hill, JoVonn G.	Hill, JoVonn G. (2023): Diversification deep in the heart of Texas: seven new grasshopper species and establishment of the Melanoplus discolor species group (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Melanoplinae). ZooKeys 1165: 101-136, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047
3AABEF2CAA70540BA9D26F4B922E7BF1.text	3AABEF2CAA70540BA9D26F4B922E7BF1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Melanoplus discolor (Scudder 1878)	<div><p>Melanoplus discolor (Scudder, 1878)</p><p>Figs 2B, 3B, 4B, 5A-J, 14, 15</p><p>Pezotettix discolor Scudder, S.H. 1878. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 20: 81.</p><p>Pezotettix discolor Scudder, S. H. 1897. Proc. U.S. Nation. Mus 20 (1124): 146.</p><p>Melanoplus discolor Hebard. 1917. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 69: 268.</p><p>Melanoplus discolor Otte, D. 2012. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 138: 160.</p><p>Specimens examined.</p><p>Colorado, El Paso Co., 27 August 1938 (1♂) . Kansas, Glasscock Co., Garden City, 23 August 1913, F.W. Milliken (1♂) . Nebraska, Dawes Co, 1.7 mi SSE Whitney, off <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-103.2496&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.7001" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -103.2496/lat 42.7001)">Hwy</a> 20, 42.7001, -103.2496, 27 August 2022, M.L. Brust (4♂, 2♀) , Sioux Co., ca 2.0 mi SSE <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-103.5152&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.6667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -103.5152/lat 42.6667)">Whitney</a> of HWY 20, 42.6667, -103.5152, 26 July 2022, M.L. Brust (2♂) . New Mexico, Curry Co., 1 September 1938 (1♂) . South Dakota, Fall River Co., 16.5 mi N of Ardmore, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-103.61975&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.235" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -103.61975/lat 43.235)">Indian Canyon Rd of Hwy</a> 71, 43.2350, -103.61975, 8 August 2020, M.L. Brust (2♂) . Texas: Dallas Co., Dallas, C.V. Riley (1♀) . Ellis Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-96.9911&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.5514" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -96.9911/lat 32.5514)">3 mi SW Cedar Hill</a>, 32.5514, -96.9911, 24 July 2019, J.G. Hill, M.J. Thorn, B.S. Dunaway (1♀) . Hood Co., Cresson, 11 August 1955, Williams (1♂) . Lampasas Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-98.4347&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.0417" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -98.4347/lat 31.0417)">15 mi W Lampasas</a>, 31.0417, -98.4347, 21 July 2019, J.G. Hill, M.J. Thorn, B.S. Dunaway (1♀) . Shackelford Co., Albany, 20 August 1935, I.J. Cantrall (2♂) . Tarrant Co., 19 July 1927 (1♂, 1♀) .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Male cerci that are weakly falcate (Figs 2B, 5A, B), and by the shape of the internal male genitalia which has simple and heavily sclerotized dorsal valves of the aedeagus that abruptly narrow into short filamentous tails distally (Fig. 5E). The ventral valves are slightly shorter than the dorsal valves, are slightly arched posteriorly and have their distal ends bent medially (Fig. 5F). Most similar to M. nelsoni, but M. discolor is easily separated from that species by having longer and more falcate male cerci, and much shorter filamentous tails on the dorsal valves (Fig. 5C-G).</p><p>Measurements.</p><p>Male measurements. (mm): (n = 10) Body length 16.0-22.3 (mean = 18.8); pronotum length 3.7-5.0 (mean = 4.3); hind femur length 5.5-9.0 (mean = 7.0); cerci length 0.9-1.0 (mean = 1.0); basal width of cercus 0.5-0.8 (mean = 0.7); mid-cercal width 0.5-0.8 (mean = 0.7); cerci apex width 0.3-0.4 (mean = 0.3).</p><p>Female measurements. (mm): (n = 8) Body length 18.5-25.2 (mean = 21.3); pronotum length 4.3-6.3 (mean = 5.1); tegmen length 6.5-9.9 (mean = 8.0); hind femur length 10.5-15.8 (mean = 12.6) Dorsal ovipositor valve length 1.3-1.6 (mean = 1.5); ventral ovipositor valve length 1.0 (mean = 1.0).</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Shortgrass or mixed grass prairie and Ashe juniper savannas (Fig. 15A).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>North Texas through the Great Plains to South Dakota west to New Mexico and Colorado (Fig. 14).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Discolor, Latin, of different colors or variegated.</p><p>Suggested common name.</p><p>Variegated pouncer.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Specimens north of Texas tend to have a deeper red hind tibia (Fig. 15D, E), This species has been observed eating Brickellia eupatorioides, false boneset ( Asteraceae) (Fig. 15E).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3AABEF2CAA70540BA9D26F4B922E7BF1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Hill, JoVonn G.	Hill, JoVonn G. (2023): Diversification deep in the heart of Texas: seven new grasshopper species and establishment of the Melanoplus discolor species group (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Melanoplinae). ZooKeys 1165: 101-136, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047
CF557F4A7939547E85A5B2CD4F3257A1.text	CF557F4A7939547E85A5B2CD4F3257A1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Melanoplus kendalli Otte 2012	<div><p>Melanoplus kendalli Otte, 2012</p><p>Figs 2H, 3F, 4F, 7A-J, 14, 17</p><p>Melanoplus kendalli Otte, D. 2012. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 138:160.</p><p>Specimens examined.</p><p>Texas: Bexar Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-98.3774&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.6235" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -98.3774/lat 29.6235)">2 mi W Bracken</a>, 29.6235, -98.3774, 26 August 2022, J.G. Hill, J.R. Fisher (3♂, 3♀) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-98.5735&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.622" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -98.5735/lat 29.622)">Eisenhower Park</a>, 29.6220, -98.5735, 25 August 2022, J.G. Hill, J.R. Fisher (4♂, 2♀) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-98.6761&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.6636" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -98.6761/lat 29.6636)">2 mi N Leon Springs</a>, 29.6636, -98.6761, 16 July 2019, J.G. Hill, M.J. Thorn, B.S. Dunaway (5♂, 4♀) . Kendall Co., 2 mi NW Boerne, 20 July 1959, T.J. Cohn (4♂, 1♀) . Medina Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-98.8792&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.5613" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -98.8792/lat 29.5613)">3 mi NE Mico</a>, 29.5613, -98.8792, 21 July 2020, A.G. Hendon (1♂) , same data except, M.J. Thorn (2♂, 1♀) .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Male cerci broadly falcate (Figs 2H, 7A, B), internal male genitalia with the aedeagal sheath projected to the distal edge of the apical side of the dorsal valves. Dorsal valves are thin rectangular plates that are produced laterally to the ventral valves, giving the aedeagus a narrow or thin appearance in caudal or dorsal views (Figs 3E, 4E). The ventral valves are slightly shorter than the dorsal valves, are slightly arched posteriorly and have their distal ends bent medially (Fig. 7F). Most similar to M. susdentatus and M. comanche, but M. kendalli is easily separated from those species by having an aedeagal sheath that reaches the distal margin of the dorsal valves and the thin, rectangular nature of the dorsal valves (Fig. 7C-G).</p><p>Measurements.</p><p>Male measurements. (mm): (n = 15) Body length 19.1-23.5 (mean = 20.7); pronotum length 4.1-5.2 (mean = 4.5); tegmen length 4.2-5.5 (mean = 4.9); hind femur length 10.1-12.5 (mean = 11.5); cerci length 0.8-1.1 (mean = 0.9); basal width of cercus 0.5-0.7 (mean = 0.6); mid-cercal width 0.3-0.4 (mean = 0.4); cerci apex width 0.2-0.4 (mean = 0.3).</p><p>Female measurements. (mm): (n = 10) Body length 20.1-24.5 (mean = 22.7); pronotum length 4.2-5.6 (mean = 5.0); tegmen length 4.5-6.0 (mean = 5.5); hind femur length 11.1-14.0 (mean = 12.6) Dorsal ovipositor valve length 1.2-1.6 (mean = 1.4); ventral ovipositor valve length 1.0-1.6 (mean = 1.2).</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Ashe juniper savanna with short grasses (Fig. 17A, B) and post oak savanna.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Southeastern Edwards Plateau/Balcones Escarpment in the vicinity of Bexar, Kendall, and Medina Counties (Fig. 14).</p><p>Suggested common name.</p><p>Otte (2012) does not give the etymology of the name at the time of the description, but in recent conversation, Otte told me that it was because it was from Kendall County. Kendall County is named after George Wilkins Kendall, a journalist and war correspondent during the Mexican-American War. However, given that the epithet is Melanoplus kendalli and not kendallensis, I suggest Kendall’s pouncer as the common name.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CF557F4A7939547E85A5B2CD4F3257A1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Hill, JoVonn G.	Hill, JoVonn G. (2023): Diversification deep in the heart of Texas: seven new grasshopper species and establishment of the Melanoplus discolor species group (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Melanoplinae). ZooKeys 1165: 101-136, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047
E3C508290E07534E9877B913299842F5.text	E3C508290E07534E9877B913299842F5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Melanoplus nelsoni Hill 2023	<div><p>Melanoplus nelsoni sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 2A, 3A, 4A, 6A-H, 14, 16</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype. 1♂, USA, TX, Bell Co., 1.7 mi N Ding Dong, 30.9969, -97.7861, 4 October 2019, J.G. Hill, MJT, BSD; Collected in open Ashe juniper woodland; MEM 281,626. Deposited in the Mississippi Entomological Museum.</p><p>Specimens examined.</p><p>Texas: Bell Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-97.7861&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.9969" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -97.7861/lat 30.9969)">1.7 mi N Ding Dong</a>, 30.9969, -97.7861, 4 October 2019, J.G. Hill and M.J. Thorn (3♂, 5♀) , 3 mi W Killeen, Hood Village, 26 August 1955, T.J. Cohn (2♂) . Burnet Co., 6 mi E Burnet, 9 July 1959, T.J. Cohn (3♂) ; 2 mi W <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-98.0608&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.8298" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -98.0608/lat 30.8298)">Joppa</a>, 30.8298, -98.0608, 13 July 2020, J.G. Hill (8♂, 2♀) .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Easily differentiated from the other species in the group based on the male cerci which are subquadrate (Figs 2A, 6A, B) and by the male aedeagus, which has lightly sclerotized dorsal valves that are deeply forked and with the apices of the medial fork produced as a filament tail that is almost two times as long as the lateral branch and curves anteriorly (Fig. 6E). Most similar to M. discolor, but M. nelsoni is easily distinguished from that species by having shorter more quadrate male cerci and much longer filamentous tails on the dorsal valves (Fig. 6C-G).</p><p>Measurements.</p><p>Male measurements. (mm): (n = 12) Body length 15.5-22.5 (mean = 20.1); pronotum length 3.3-5.1 (mean = 4.3); tegmen length 4.6-7.1 (mean = 5.7); hind femur length 9.0-12.3 (mean = 11.0); cerci length 0.7-1.0 (mean = 0.9); basal width of cercus 0.5-1.0 (mean = 0.8); mid-cercal width 0.5-0.6 (mean = 0.6); cerci apex width 0.3-0.4 (mean = 0.4).</p><p>Female measurements. (mm): (n = 9) Body length 19.5-24.0 (mean = 21.6); pronotum length 4.2-5.7 (mean = 5.0); tegmen length 5.5-7.5 (mean = 6.5); hind femur length 10.5-14.0 (mean = 12.4) Dorsal ovipositor valve length 1.0-1.5 (mean = 1.3); ventral ovipositor valve length 1.0-1.5 (mean = 1.3).</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Ashe juniper savannas with short vegetation, exposed rocks, and bare ground (Fig. 16A).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>The northeastern Edwards Plateau in Bell and Burnet Counties, Texas (Fig. 14).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Named in honor of Willie Nelson, an iconic American musician entertainer from central Texas whose music lifted our spirits while traveling between field sites during this study. After these last few summers, just like Mr. Nelson, we too have a little Texas in our souls.</p><p>Suggested common name.</p><p>Nelson’s pouncer.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E3C508290E07534E9877B913299842F5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Hill, JoVonn G.	Hill, JoVonn G. (2023): Diversification deep in the heart of Texas: seven new grasshopper species and establishment of the Melanoplus discolor species group (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Melanoplinae). ZooKeys 1165: 101-136, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047
86D77B27A47E5F0BA2EFD8B51F8F4701.text	86D77B27A47E5F0BA2EFD8B51F8F4701.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Melanoplus susdentatus Hill 2023	<div><p>Melanoplus susdentatus sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 2F, 3F, 4F, 9A-J, 14, 18</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype: 1♂, USA, TX, Comal Co. 3.8 mi NW FIsher, 30.0051, -98.3190, 16 July 2020, J.G. Hill; Ashe juniper savanna. Deposited in the Mississippi Entomological Museum.</p><p>Other specimens examined.</p><p>Texas: Comal Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-98.3127&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.8283" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -98.3127/lat 29.8283)">6.6 mi E Bulverde</a>, 29.8283, -98.3127, 26 August 2022, J.G. Hill (3♂, 1♀) ; 3.8 mi <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-98.319&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.0051" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -98.319/lat 30.0051)">Fisher</a>, 30.0051, -98.3190, 16 July 2020, J.G. Hill (2♂) . Hayes Co., 6.7 mi NE Dripping Springs, 30.269, -98.1506, 28 August 2022, J.G. Hill, J.R. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-98.1506&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.269" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -98.1506/lat 30.269)">Fisher</a> (3♂, 1♀) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-98.1662&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.9591" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -98.1662/lat 29.9591)">3.96 mi SW Pioneer Town</a>, 29.9591, -98.1662, 2 August 2021, J.G. Hill (1♂) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-98.1063&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.0635" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -98.1063/lat 30.0635)">2.4 mi N Woodcreek</a>, 30.0635, -98.1063, 23 July 2021, J.G. Hill (1♂) ; 2 mi S Wimberly, 5 August 1953, N.W. Wasseman (1♂) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-98.1061&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.0635" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -98.1061/lat 30.0635)">4.5 mi N Wimberly</a>, 30.0635, -98.1061, J.G. Hill (5♂, 2♀) . Travis Co., 4.12 mi W Bee Cave, 30.2945, -98.0182, 29 August 2022, J.G. Hill, J.R. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-98.0182&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.2945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -98.0182/lat 30.2945)">Fisher</a> (4♂, 1♀) .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Male cerci that are broadly falcate (Figs 2F, 9A, B), and the internal male genitalia with the aedeagal sheath that does not project to the distal edge dorsal valves. Dorsal valves are thin plates that are arched along the caudal margin and are produced laterally to the ventral valves, giving the aedeagus a narrow or thin appearance in caudal or dorsal views (Figs 3F, 4F). The ventral valves are slightly shorter than the dorsal valves (Fig. 9F). Most similar to M. kendalli and M. balcones . Melanoplus susdentatus is easily separated from M. kendalli by having an aedeagal sheath that does not reach the distal margin of the dorsal valves and the curved nature of the dorsal valves (Figs 8C-G, 9C-G), and from M. balcones by the shorter, rounded valves found in that species (Fig. 9D, F).</p><p>Measurements.</p><p>Male measurements. (mm): (n = 10) Body length 17.5-21.5 (mean = 19.6); pronotum length 3.5-4.7 (mean = 4.1); tegmen length 4.1-5.1 (mean = 4.5); hind femur length 9.6-11.5 (mean = 10.6); cerci length 0.8-1.0 (mean = 1.0); basal width of cercus 0.5-0.6 (mean = 0.6); mid-cercal width 0.4-0.5 (mean = 0.5); cerci apex width 0.2-0.3 (mean = 0.3).</p><p>Female measurements. (mm): (n = 4) Body length 18.5-21.1 (mean = 19.9); pronotum length 4.2-4.7 (mean = 4.5); tegmen length 4.1-5.9 (mean = 5.0); hind femur length 10.7-12.3 (mean = 11.7) Dorsal ovipositor valve length 1.2-1.3 (mean = 1.3); ventral ovipositor valve length 1.0 (mean = 1.0).</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Ashe Juniper savanna (Fig. 18A).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>From the Latin sus for hog and dentatus for toothed. In reference to the dorsal valves being shaped like the distal ends of the incisors and tusk of Sus scrofa L., a notorious invasive species in Texas.</p><p>Suggested common name.</p><p>Hog-toothed pouncer.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/86D77B27A47E5F0BA2EFD8B51F8F4701	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Hill, JoVonn G.	Hill, JoVonn G. (2023): Diversification deep in the heart of Texas: seven new grasshopper species and establishment of the Melanoplus discolor species group (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Melanoplinae). ZooKeys 1165: 101-136, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047
30AE8CB196235BC69460DBEF53890E65.text	30AE8CB196235BC69460DBEF53890E65.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Melanoplus tonkawa Hill 2023	<div><p>Melanoplus tonkawa sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 2G, 3H, 4H, 13A-J, 14</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype: 1♂, USA, TX, 1.5 mi NNW Ellinger, 29.8511, -96.7173, 14 July 2020, J.G. Hill; collected in post oak savanna. Deposited in the Mississippi Entomological Museum.</p><p>Paratypes: Texas: Fayette Co., 1.5 mi NNW Ellinger, 29.8511, -96.7173, 14 July 2020, J.G. Hill (2♂).</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Male cerci broadly falcate (Figs 2G, 13A, B), internal male genitalia with the aedeagal sheath that does not project to the distal edge dorsal valves. Dorsal valves are thin plates that are arched along the caudal margin and are produced laterally to the ventral valves, giving the aedeagus a narrow or thin appearance in caudal or dorsal views (Figs 3H, 4H). The ventral valves are slightly shorter than the dorsal valves, are slightly arched posteriorly and have their distal ends bent medially (Fig. 13F). Most similar to M. kendalli, M. balcones, and M. susdentatus . Melanoplus tonkawa is easily separated from M. kendalli by having an aedeagal sheath that does not reach the distal margin of the dorsal valves and the curved nature of the dorsal valves (Figs 7C-G, 13C-G), from M. balcones by the shorter, rounded valves found in that species (Figs 9C-F, 13C-F), and from M. susdentatus by the more rounded apices of the male cerci, less sclerotized and less broadly arching dorsal valves of the aedeagus (Figs 8C-G, 13C-G).</p><p>Male measurements.</p><p>(mm): (n = 2) Body length 20-21 (mean = 20.5); pronotum length 4.2-4.5 (mean = 4.4); hind femur length 11.2-11.4 (mean = 11.3); cerci length 1.0-1.2 (mean = 1.0); basal width of cercus 0.6 (mean = 0.6); mid-cercal width 0.4 (mean = 0.4); cerci apex width 0.3 (mean = 0.3).</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Post oak/live oak savanna.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>In the vicinity of Fayette County Texas on the western edge of the North American Coastal Plain (Fig. 14).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Named in honor of the Tonkawa tribe of Native Americans who previously inhabited the area where this species occurs.</p><p>Suggested common name.</p><p>Tonkawa pouncer.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/30AE8CB196235BC69460DBEF53890E65	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Hill, JoVonn G.	Hill, JoVonn G. (2023): Diversification deep in the heart of Texas: seven new grasshopper species and establishment of the Melanoplus discolor species group (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Melanoplinae). ZooKeys 1165: 101-136, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047
4EA4A68EF3865D48A9A91285382D4152.text	4EA4A68EF3865D48A9A91285382D4152.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Melanoplus walkeri Hill 2023	<div><p>Melanoplus walkeri sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 2E, 3G, 4G, 11A-J, 14, 21</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype: 1♂, USA, TX, Kendall Co., 7 mi NE Sisterdale, 30.0073, -98.5515, 22 July 2019, J. G. Hill, MJT, BSD; Collected on Ashe juniper hill; 281,486. Deposited in the Mississippi Entomological Museum.</p><p>Other specimens examined.</p><p>Texas: Kendall Co., 7 mi NE Sisterdale, 30.0073, -98.5515, 22 July 2019, J. G. Hill, M.J. Thorn, B.S. Dunaway (3♂, 3♀) .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Male cerci that are falcate with a very steeply curving ventral edge (Figs 2E, 11A, B), internal male genitalia with the valves of the aedeagus projected dorsally with trifid, thinly sclerotized dorsal valves. (Figs 3G, 4G). Most similar to M. corniculatus, but M. walkeri is easily separated from that species by having more steeply curving male cerci (Fig. 2D, E), aedeagal valves that are produced dorsally instead of caudally (Figs 10C-F, 11C-F), and the shape and level of sclerotization of the dorsal valves (Figs 10C-G, 11C-F).</p><p>Measurements.</p><p>Male measurements. (mm): (n = 4) Body length 21.4-22.1 (mean = 21.7); pronotum length 4.2-5.0 (mean = 4.7); tegmen length 4.5-5.7 (mean = 5.1); hind femur length 11.2-11.9 (mean = 11.6); cerci length 0.9 (mean = 0.9); basal width of cercus 0.8-0.9 (mean = 0.9); mid-cercal width 0.5 (mean = 0.5); cerci apex width 0.3 (mean = 0.3).</p><p>Female measurements. (mm): (n = 3) Body length 22-24.2 (mean = 22.8); pronotum length 5.5-5.7 (mean = 5.6); tegmen length 6.0 (mean = 6.0); hind femur length 13.3-13.5 (mean = 13.4); Dorsal ovipositor valve length 1.4-1.6 (mean = 1.5); ventral ovipositor valve length 1.3-1.5 (mean = 1.4).</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Ashe juniper/live oak savanna.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Found in the central eastern edge of the Edwards Plateau along the Balcones Escarpment (Fig. 14).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Named in honor of Jerry Jeff Walker an iconic Texas musician whose most influential album was recorded near the type locality of this species in the Luckenbach. Walker’s songs such as Hill Country Rain, Leavin’ Texas, and Sangria Wine brought me and my field team joy while traveling between field sites and added to the amazing ambiance of the Edwards Plateau.</p><p>Suggested common name.</p><p>Walker’s pouncer.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4EA4A68EF3865D48A9A91285382D4152	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Hill, JoVonn G.	Hill, JoVonn G. (2023): Diversification deep in the heart of Texas: seven new grasshopper species and establishment of the Melanoplus discolor species group (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Melanoplinae). ZooKeys 1165: 101-136, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047
