taxonID	type	description	language	source
52A4AEC08C2B5F739D5B4DA055D1ACC9.taxon	description	Figs 2 F, 3 I, 4 I, 9 A-J, 14, 19	en	Hill, JoVonn G. (2023): Diversification deep in the heart of Texas: seven new grasshopper species and establishment of the Melanoplus discolor species group (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Melanoplinae). ZooKeys 1165: 101-136, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047
52A4AEC08C2B5F739D5B4DA055D1ACC9.taxon	materials_examined	Other specimens examined. Texas: Travis Co., 5.7 mi NW Lago Vista, 30.5041, - 98.0678, 23 July 2021, J. G. Hill (2 ♂).	en	Hill, JoVonn G. (2023): Diversification deep in the heart of Texas: seven new grasshopper species and establishment of the Melanoplus discolor species group (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Melanoplinae). ZooKeys 1165: 101-136, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047
52A4AEC08C2B5F739D5B4DA055D1ACC9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Male cerci that are broadly falcate (Figs 2 F, 9 A, B), and the internal male genitalia with the aedeagal sheath that does not project to the distal edge dorsal valves. Dorsal valves are thin plates that have a caudal margin that is perpendicular to the sheath and then slopes downward apically to point, and are produced laterally to the ventral valves, giving the aedeagus a narrow or thin appearance in caudal or dorsal views (Figs 3 I, 4 I). The ventral valves are slightly shorter than the dorsal valves (Fig. 9 F). Most similar to M. kendalli and M. susdentatus, but M. balcones is easily separated from M. kendalli by having an aedeagal sheath that does not reach the distal margin of the dorsal valves and the shape of dorsal valves (Fig. 9 C-G), and from M. susdentatus by the longer, more arching dorsal aedeagus valves found in that species (Fig. 8 C-G).	en	Hill, JoVonn G. (2023): Diversification deep in the heart of Texas: seven new grasshopper species and establishment of the Melanoplus discolor species group (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Melanoplinae). ZooKeys 1165: 101-136, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047
52A4AEC08C2B5F739D5B4DA055D1ACC9.taxon	description	Male measurements. (mm): (n = 3) Body length 19.4 - 20.6 (mean = 20); pronotum length 4.0 - 4.6 (mean = 4.3); tegmen length 4.0 - 4.6 (mean = 4.3); hind femur length 10.6 - 11.2 (mean = 10.9); cerci length 0.8 - 0.9 (mean = 0.9); basal width of cercus 0.6 - 0.7 (mean = 0.7); mid-cercal width 0.4 - 0.6 (mean = 0.5); cerci apex width 0.3 (mean = 0.3).	en	Hill, JoVonn G. (2023): Diversification deep in the heart of Texas: seven new grasshopper species and establishment of the Melanoplus discolor species group (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Melanoplinae). ZooKeys 1165: 101-136, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047
52A4AEC08C2B5F739D5B4DA055D1ACC9.taxon	distribution	Distribution. East central Balcones Escarpment in the vicinity of Travis County (Fig. 14).	en	Hill, JoVonn G. (2023): Diversification deep in the heart of Texas: seven new grasshopper species and establishment of the Melanoplus discolor species group (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Melanoplinae). ZooKeys 1165: 101-136, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047
52A4AEC08C2B5F739D5B4DA055D1ACC9.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named after the Balcones Canyonlands and Escarpment where this species is endemic.	en	Hill, JoVonn G. (2023): Diversification deep in the heart of Texas: seven new grasshopper species and establishment of the Melanoplus discolor species group (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Melanoplinae). ZooKeys 1165: 101-136, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047
B060BF7DE94F5650AFF5CC53F3F1BFD4.taxon	description	Figs 2 G, 3 D, 4 D, 12 A-J, 14	en	Hill, JoVonn G. (2023): Diversification deep in the heart of Texas: seven new grasshopper species and establishment of the Melanoplus discolor species group (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Melanoplinae). ZooKeys 1165: 101-136, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047
B060BF7DE94F5650AFF5CC53F3F1BFD4.taxon	materials_examined	Other specimens examined. Texas, Bandera Co., 4.5 mi NE Bandera, 29.7646, - 99.0346. 26 August 2022, J. G. Hill (4 ♂); 7 mi NE Bandera, 29.7312, - 98.8711, 17 July 2019, J. G. Hill, M. J. Thorn, B. S. Dunaway (4 ♂, 4 ♀). Medina Co., 9 mi N Rio Medina, 29.5626, - 98.8823, 17 July 2019, J. G. Hill, M. J. Thorn, B. S. Dunaway (4 ♂, 3 ♀).	en	Hill, JoVonn G. (2023): Diversification deep in the heart of Texas: seven new grasshopper species and establishment of the Melanoplus discolor species group (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Melanoplinae). ZooKeys 1165: 101-136, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047
B060BF7DE94F5650AFF5CC53F3F1BFD4.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Male cerci broadly falcate (Figs 2 G, 12 A, B), internal male genitalia where the valves of the aedeagus projected dorsally, appearing very broad in dorsal or caudal view, and with the dorsal valves forming semi-circular like tubes (Figs 3 D, 4 D). Most similar to M. kendalli, but M. comanche is easily separated from that species by having a much broader aedeagus in dorsal or caudal view and dorsal aedeagal valves that are form semi-circular tube as opposed to being flattened in M. kendalli (Figs 8 C-F, 12 C-F), and the shape and level of sclerotization of the dorsal valves (Figs 8 C-G, 12 C-F).	en	Hill, JoVonn G. (2023): Diversification deep in the heart of Texas: seven new grasshopper species and establishment of the Melanoplus discolor species group (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Melanoplinae). ZooKeys 1165: 101-136, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047
B060BF7DE94F5650AFF5CC53F3F1BFD4.taxon	description	Measurements. Male measurements. (mm): (n = 6) Body length 18.2 - 21.2 (mean = 19.5); pronotum length 4.1 - 4.9 (mean = 4.5); hind femur length 9.6 - 12.0 (mean = 10.8); cerci length 0.8 - 0.9 (mean = 0.9); basal width of cercus 0.5 - 0.6 (mean = 0.6); mid-cercal width 0.4 (mean = 0.4); cerci apex width 0.2 - 0.3 (mean = 0.3). Female measurements. (mm): (n = 3) Body length 21.5 - 24.3 (mean = 22.9); pronotum length 4.5 - 5.7 (mean = 5.1) tegmen length 4.7 - 6.5 (mean = 5.7); hind femur length 11.5 - 13.7 (mean = 12.9); Dorsal ovipositor valve length 1.4 - 1.5 (mean = 1.5); ventral ovipositor valve length 1.3 - 1.4 (mean = 1.4).	en	Hill, JoVonn G. (2023): Diversification deep in the heart of Texas: seven new grasshopper species and establishment of the Melanoplus discolor species group (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Melanoplinae). ZooKeys 1165: 101-136, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047
B060BF7DE94F5650AFF5CC53F3F1BFD4.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Southern Edwards plateau in the vicinity of Bandera and Medina Counties (Fig. 14).	en	Hill, JoVonn G. (2023): Diversification deep in the heart of Texas: seven new grasshopper species and establishment of the Melanoplus discolor species group (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Melanoplinae). ZooKeys 1165: 101-136, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047
B060BF7DE94F5650AFF5CC53F3F1BFD4.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named in honor of the Comanche tribe of Native Americans who previously inhabited the area where this species occurs.	en	Hill, JoVonn G. (2023): Diversification deep in the heart of Texas: seven new grasshopper species and establishment of the Melanoplus discolor species group (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Melanoplinae). ZooKeys 1165: 101-136, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047
4DC1B741DA50574195D2F5AAE3B91EE8.taxon	description	Figs 2 D, 3 C, 4 C, 10 A-J, 14, 20	en	Hill, JoVonn G. (2023): Diversification deep in the heart of Texas: seven new grasshopper species and establishment of the Melanoplus discolor species group (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Melanoplinae). ZooKeys 1165: 101-136, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047
4DC1B741DA50574195D2F5AAE3B91EE8.taxon	materials_examined	Other specimens examined. Texas: Bandera Co., 4.5 mi N. Medina, 29.8502, - 99.3030, 28 July 2020, J. G. Hill (2 ♂). Kerr Co., Kerrville, 30.0677223, - 99.139329, 25 July 2018, J. G. Hill (1 ♂, 3 F); 0.2 mi N Hunt, 30.0736, - 99.3350, 27 July 2020, M. J. Thorn (6 ♂, 3 ♀); Same data, except B. S Dunaway (2 ♂); 3.7 mi E Hunt, 30.0576, - 99.3965, 26 July 2020, M. J. Thorn (2 ♂, 1 ♀); Same data, except A. G. Hendon (1 ♂); 4.3 mi SW Hunt, 30.0310, - 99.3945, 26 July 2020, M. J. Thorn (1 ♂); Same data, except A. G. Hendon (1 ♂).	en	Hill, JoVonn G. (2023): Diversification deep in the heart of Texas: seven new grasshopper species and establishment of the Melanoplus discolor species group (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Melanoplinae). ZooKeys 1165: 101-136, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047
4DC1B741DA50574195D2F5AAE3B91EE8.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Male cerci falcate with a steeply curving ventral edge (Figs 2 D, 10 A, B), internal male genitalia with the valves of the aedeagus projected caudally with dorsal valves that are trifid with the medial branch darker and longer than the distal two. (Figs 3 C, 4 C). Most similar to M. walkeri, but M. corniculatus is easily separated from that species by having a less steeply curving male cerci (Fig. 2 D, E), aedeagal valves that are produced caudally instead of dorsally (Figs 10 C-F, 11 C-F), and the shape of the dorsal valves (Figs 10 C-G, 11 C-F).	en	Hill, JoVonn G. (2023): Diversification deep in the heart of Texas: seven new grasshopper species and establishment of the Melanoplus discolor species group (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Melanoplinae). ZooKeys 1165: 101-136, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047
4DC1B741DA50574195D2F5AAE3B91EE8.taxon	description	Measurements. Male measurements. (mm): (n = 14) Body length 19.0 - 22.3 (mean = 20.2); pronotum length 4.0 - 5.0 (mean = 4.4); tegmen length 4.8 - 6.0 (mean = 5.3); hind femur length 9.9 - 11.6 (mean = 11.0); cerci length 0.9 - 1.3 (mean = 1.0); basal width of cercus 0.6 - 0.9 (mean = 0.8); mid-cercal width 0.4 - 0.6 (mean = 0.5); cerci apex width 0.3 - 0.4 (mean = 0.3). Female measurements. (mm): (n = 7) Body length 19.2 - 24.5 (mean = 22.1); pronotum length 4.5 - 5.3 (mean = 5.0); tegmen length 5.5 - 7.5 (mean = 6.2); hind femur length 11.1 - 13.3 (mean = 12.3); dorsal ovipositor valve length 1.3 - 1.7 (mean = 1.5); ventral ovipositor valve length 1.5 - 1.7 (mean = 1.5).	en	Hill, JoVonn G. (2023): Diversification deep in the heart of Texas: seven new grasshopper species and establishment of the Melanoplus discolor species group (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Melanoplinae). ZooKeys 1165: 101-136, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047
4DC1B741DA50574195D2F5AAE3B91EE8.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Endemic to the Edwards Plateau of Texas in the vicinity of Kerr and Bandera Counties (Fig. 14).	en	Hill, JoVonn G. (2023): Diversification deep in the heart of Texas: seven new grasshopper species and establishment of the Melanoplus discolor species group (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Melanoplinae). ZooKeys 1165: 101-136, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047
4DC1B741DA50574195D2F5AAE3B91EE8.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From the Latin meaning horned (antlered) or horn shaped. In reference to the dorsal valves being shaped like antlers.	en	Hill, JoVonn G. (2023): Diversification deep in the heart of Texas: seven new grasshopper species and establishment of the Melanoplus discolor species group (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Melanoplinae). ZooKeys 1165: 101-136, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047
3AABEF2CAA70540BA9D26F4B922E7BF1.taxon	description	Figs 2 B, 3 B, 4 B, 5 A-J, 14, 15	en	Hill, JoVonn G. (2023): Diversification deep in the heart of Texas: seven new grasshopper species and establishment of the Melanoplus discolor species group (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Melanoplinae). ZooKeys 1165: 101-136, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047
3AABEF2CAA70540BA9D26F4B922E7BF1.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens examined. Colorado, El Paso Co., 27 August 1938 (1 ♂). Kansas, Glasscock Co., Garden City, 23 August 1913, F. W. Milliken (1 ♂). Nebraska, Dawes Co, 1.7 mi SSE Whitney, off Hwy 20, 42.7001, - 103.2496, 27 August 2022, M. L. Brust (4 ♂, 2 ♀), Sioux Co., ca 2.0 mi SSE Whitney of HWY 20, 42.6667, - 103.5152, 26 July 2022, M. L. Brust (2 ♂). New Mexico, Curry Co., 1 September 1938 (1 ♂). South Dakota, Fall River Co., 16.5 mi N of Ardmore, Indian Canyon Rd of Hwy 71, 43.2350, - 103.61975, 8 August 2020, M. L. Brust (2 ♂). Texas: Dallas Co., Dallas, C. V. Riley (1 ♀). Ellis Co., 3 mi SW Cedar Hill, 32.5514, - 96.9911, 24 July 2019, J. G. Hill, M. J. Thorn, B. S. Dunaway (1 ♀). Hood Co., Cresson, 11 August 1955, Williams (1 ♂). Lampasas Co., 15 mi W Lampasas, 31.0417, - 98.4347, 21 July 2019, J. G. Hill, M. J. Thorn, B. S. Dunaway (1 ♀). Shackelford Co., Albany, 20 August 1935, I. J. Cantrall (2 ♂). Tarrant Co., 19 July 1927 (1 ♂, 1 ♀).	en	Hill, JoVonn G. (2023): Diversification deep in the heart of Texas: seven new grasshopper species and establishment of the Melanoplus discolor species group (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Melanoplinae). ZooKeys 1165: 101-136, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047
3AABEF2CAA70540BA9D26F4B922E7BF1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Male cerci that are weakly falcate (Figs 2 B, 5 A, B), and by the shape of the internal male genitalia which has simple and heavily sclerotized dorsal valves of the aedeagus that abruptly narrow into short filamentous tails distally (Fig. 5 E). The ventral valves are slightly shorter than the dorsal valves, are slightly arched posteriorly and have their distal ends bent medially (Fig. 5 F). Most similar to M. nelsoni, but M. discolor is easily separated from that species by having longer and more falcate male cerci, and much shorter filamentous tails on the dorsal valves (Fig. 5 C-G).	en	Hill, JoVonn G. (2023): Diversification deep in the heart of Texas: seven new grasshopper species and establishment of the Melanoplus discolor species group (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Melanoplinae). ZooKeys 1165: 101-136, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047
3AABEF2CAA70540BA9D26F4B922E7BF1.taxon	description	Measurements. Male measurements. (mm): (n = 10) Body length 16.0 - 22.3 (mean = 18.8); pronotum length 3.7 - 5.0 (mean = 4.3); hind femur length 5.5 - 9.0 (mean = 7.0); cerci length 0.9 - 1.0 (mean = 1.0); basal width of cercus 0.5 - 0.8 (mean = 0.7); mid-cercal width 0.5 - 0.8 (mean = 0.7); cerci apex width 0.3 - 0.4 (mean = 0.3). Female measurements. (mm): (n = 8) Body length 18.5 - 25.2 (mean = 21.3); pronotum length 4.3 - 6.3 (mean = 5.1); tegmen length 6.5 - 9.9 (mean = 8.0); hind femur length 10.5 - 15.8 (mean = 12.6) Dorsal ovipositor valve length 1.3 - 1.6 (mean = 1.5); ventral ovipositor valve length 1.0 (mean = 1.0).	en	Hill, JoVonn G. (2023): Diversification deep in the heart of Texas: seven new grasshopper species and establishment of the Melanoplus discolor species group (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Melanoplinae). ZooKeys 1165: 101-136, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047
3AABEF2CAA70540BA9D26F4B922E7BF1.taxon	distribution	Distribution. North Texas through the Great Plains to South Dakota west to New Mexico and Colorado (Fig. 14).	en	Hill, JoVonn G. (2023): Diversification deep in the heart of Texas: seven new grasshopper species and establishment of the Melanoplus discolor species group (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Melanoplinae). ZooKeys 1165: 101-136, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047
3AABEF2CAA70540BA9D26F4B922E7BF1.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Discolor, Latin, of different colors or variegated.	en	Hill, JoVonn G. (2023): Diversification deep in the heart of Texas: seven new grasshopper species and establishment of the Melanoplus discolor species group (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Melanoplinae). ZooKeys 1165: 101-136, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047
CF557F4A7939547E85A5B2CD4F3257A1.taxon	description	Figs 2 H, 3 F, 4 F, 7 A-J, 14, 17	en	Hill, JoVonn G. (2023): Diversification deep in the heart of Texas: seven new grasshopper species and establishment of the Melanoplus discolor species group (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Melanoplinae). ZooKeys 1165: 101-136, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047
CF557F4A7939547E85A5B2CD4F3257A1.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens examined. Texas: Bexar Co., 2 mi W Bracken, 29.6235, - 98.3774, 26 August 2022, J. G. Hill, J. R. Fisher (3 ♂, 3 ♀); Eisenhower Park, 29.6220, - 98.5735, 25 August 2022, J. G. Hill, J. R. Fisher (4 ♂, 2 ♀); 2 mi N Leon Springs, 29.6636, - 98.6761, 16 July 2019, J. G. Hill, M. J. Thorn, B. S. Dunaway (5 ♂, 4 ♀). Kendall Co., 2 mi NW Boerne, 20 July 1959, T. J. Cohn (4 ♂, 1 ♀). Medina Co., 3 mi NE Mico, 29.5613, - 98.8792, 21 July 2020, A. G. Hendon (1 ♂), same data except, M. J. Thorn (2 ♂, 1 ♀).	en	Hill, JoVonn G. (2023): Diversification deep in the heart of Texas: seven new grasshopper species and establishment of the Melanoplus discolor species group (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Melanoplinae). ZooKeys 1165: 101-136, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047
CF557F4A7939547E85A5B2CD4F3257A1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Male cerci broadly falcate (Figs 2 H, 7 A, B), internal male genitalia with the aedeagal sheath projected to the distal edge of the apical side of the dorsal valves. Dorsal valves are thin rectangular plates that are produced laterally to the ventral valves, giving the aedeagus a narrow or thin appearance in caudal or dorsal views (Figs 3 E, 4 E). The ventral valves are slightly shorter than the dorsal valves, are slightly arched posteriorly and have their distal ends bent medially (Fig. 7 F). Most similar to M. susdentatus and M. comanche, but M. kendalli is easily separated from those species by having an aedeagal sheath that reaches the distal margin of the dorsal valves and the thin, rectangular nature of the dorsal valves (Fig. 7 C-G).	en	Hill, JoVonn G. (2023): Diversification deep in the heart of Texas: seven new grasshopper species and establishment of the Melanoplus discolor species group (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Melanoplinae). ZooKeys 1165: 101-136, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047
CF557F4A7939547E85A5B2CD4F3257A1.taxon	description	Measurements. Male measurements. (mm): (n = 15) Body length 19.1 - 23.5 (mean = 20.7); pronotum length 4.1 - 5.2 (mean = 4.5); tegmen length 4.2 - 5.5 (mean = 4.9); hind femur length 10.1 - 12.5 (mean = 11.5); cerci length 0.8 - 1.1 (mean = 0.9); basal width of cercus 0.5 - 0.7 (mean = 0.6); mid-cercal width 0.3 - 0.4 (mean = 0.4); cerci apex width 0.2 - 0.4 (mean = 0.3). Female measurements. (mm): (n = 10) Body length 20.1 - 24.5 (mean = 22.7); pronotum length 4.2 - 5.6 (mean = 5.0); tegmen length 4.5 - 6.0 (mean = 5.5); hind femur length 11.1 - 14.0 (mean = 12.6) Dorsal ovipositor valve length 1.2 - 1.6 (mean = 1.4); ventral ovipositor valve length 1.0 - 1.6 (mean = 1.2).	en	Hill, JoVonn G. (2023): Diversification deep in the heart of Texas: seven new grasshopper species and establishment of the Melanoplus discolor species group (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Melanoplinae). ZooKeys 1165: 101-136, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047
CF557F4A7939547E85A5B2CD4F3257A1.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Southeastern Edwards Plateau / Balcones Escarpment in the vicinity of Bexar, Kendall, and Medina Counties (Fig. 14).	en	Hill, JoVonn G. (2023): Diversification deep in the heart of Texas: seven new grasshopper species and establishment of the Melanoplus discolor species group (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Melanoplinae). ZooKeys 1165: 101-136, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047
E3C508290E07534E9877B913299842F5.taxon	description	Figs 2 A, 3 A, 4 A, 6 A-H, 14, 16	en	Hill, JoVonn G. (2023): Diversification deep in the heart of Texas: seven new grasshopper species and establishment of the Melanoplus discolor species group (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Melanoplinae). ZooKeys 1165: 101-136, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047
E3C508290E07534E9877B913299842F5.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens examined. Texas: Bell Co., 1.7 mi N Ding Dong, 30.9969, - 97.7861, 4 October 2019, J. G. Hill and M. J. Thorn (3 ♂, 5 ♀), 3 mi W Killeen, Hood Village, 26 August 1955, T. J. Cohn (2 ♂). Burnet Co., 6 mi E Burnet, 9 July 1959, T. J. Cohn (3 ♂); 2 mi W Joppa, 30.8298, - 98.0608, 13 July 2020, J. G. Hill (8 ♂, 2 ♀).	en	Hill, JoVonn G. (2023): Diversification deep in the heart of Texas: seven new grasshopper species and establishment of the Melanoplus discolor species group (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Melanoplinae). ZooKeys 1165: 101-136, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047
E3C508290E07534E9877B913299842F5.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Easily differentiated from the other species in the group based on the male cerci which are subquadrate (Figs 2 A, 6 A, B) and by the male aedeagus, which has lightly sclerotized dorsal valves that are deeply forked and with the apices of the medial fork produced as a filament tail that is almost two times as long as the lateral branch and curves anteriorly (Fig. 6 E). Most similar to M. discolor, but M. nelsoni is easily distinguished from that species by having shorter more quadrate male cerci and much longer filamentous tails on the dorsal valves (Fig. 6 C-G).	en	Hill, JoVonn G. (2023): Diversification deep in the heart of Texas: seven new grasshopper species and establishment of the Melanoplus discolor species group (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Melanoplinae). ZooKeys 1165: 101-136, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047
E3C508290E07534E9877B913299842F5.taxon	description	Measurements. Male measurements. (mm): (n = 12) Body length 15.5 - 22.5 (mean = 20.1); pronotum length 3.3 - 5.1 (mean = 4.3); tegmen length 4.6 - 7.1 (mean = 5.7); hind femur length 9.0 - 12.3 (mean = 11.0); cerci length 0.7 - 1.0 (mean = 0.9); basal width of cercus 0.5 - 1.0 (mean = 0.8); mid-cercal width 0.5 - 0.6 (mean = 0.6); cerci apex width 0.3 - 0.4 (mean = 0.4). Female measurements. (mm): (n = 9) Body length 19.5 - 24.0 (mean = 21.6); pronotum length 4.2 - 5.7 (mean = 5.0); tegmen length 5.5 - 7.5 (mean = 6.5); hind femur length 10.5 - 14.0 (mean = 12.4) Dorsal ovipositor valve length 1.0 - 1.5 (mean = 1.3); ventral ovipositor valve length 1.0 - 1.5 (mean = 1.3).	en	Hill, JoVonn G. (2023): Diversification deep in the heart of Texas: seven new grasshopper species and establishment of the Melanoplus discolor species group (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Melanoplinae). ZooKeys 1165: 101-136, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047
E3C508290E07534E9877B913299842F5.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The northeastern Edwards Plateau in Bell and Burnet Counties, Texas (Fig. 14).	en	Hill, JoVonn G. (2023): Diversification deep in the heart of Texas: seven new grasshopper species and establishment of the Melanoplus discolor species group (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Melanoplinae). ZooKeys 1165: 101-136, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047
E3C508290E07534E9877B913299842F5.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named in honor of Willie Nelson, an iconic American musician entertainer from central Texas whose music lifted our spirits while traveling between field sites during this study. After these last few summers, just like Mr. Nelson, we too have a little Texas in our souls.	en	Hill, JoVonn G. (2023): Diversification deep in the heart of Texas: seven new grasshopper species and establishment of the Melanoplus discolor species group (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Melanoplinae). ZooKeys 1165: 101-136, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047
86D77B27A47E5F0BA2EFD8B51F8F4701.taxon	description	Figs 2 F, 3 F, 4 F, 9 A-J, 14, 18	en	Hill, JoVonn G. (2023): Diversification deep in the heart of Texas: seven new grasshopper species and establishment of the Melanoplus discolor species group (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Melanoplinae). ZooKeys 1165: 101-136, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047
86D77B27A47E5F0BA2EFD8B51F8F4701.taxon	materials_examined	Other specimens examined. Texas: Comal Co., 6.6 mi E Bulverde, 29.8283, - 98.3127, 26 August 2022, J. G. Hill (3 ♂, 1 ♀); 3.8 mi Fisher, 30.0051, - 98.3190, 16 July 2020, J. G. Hill (2 ♂). Hayes Co., 6.7 mi NE Dripping Springs, 30.269, - 98.1506, 28 August 2022, J. G. Hill, J. R. Fisher (3 ♂, 1 ♀); 3.96 mi SW Pioneer Town, 29.9591, - 98.1662, 2 August 2021, J. G. Hill (1 ♂); 2.4 mi N Woodcreek, 30.0635, - 98.1063, 23 July 2021, J. G. Hill (1 ♂); 2 mi S Wimberly, 5 August 1953, N. W. Wasseman (1 ♂); 4.5 mi N Wimberly, 30.0635, - 98.1061, J. G. Hill (5 ♂, 2 ♀). Travis Co., 4.12 mi W Bee Cave, 30.2945, - 98.0182, 29 August 2022, J. G. Hill, J. R. Fisher (4 ♂, 1 ♀).	en	Hill, JoVonn G. (2023): Diversification deep in the heart of Texas: seven new grasshopper species and establishment of the Melanoplus discolor species group (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Melanoplinae). ZooKeys 1165: 101-136, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047
86D77B27A47E5F0BA2EFD8B51F8F4701.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Male cerci that are broadly falcate (Figs 2 F, 9 A, B), and the internal male genitalia with the aedeagal sheath that does not project to the distal edge dorsal valves. Dorsal valves are thin plates that are arched along the caudal margin and are produced laterally to the ventral valves, giving the aedeagus a narrow or thin appearance in caudal or dorsal views (Figs 3 F, 4 F). The ventral valves are slightly shorter than the dorsal valves (Fig. 9 F). Most similar to M. kendalli and M. balcones. Melanoplus susdentatus is easily separated from M. kendalli by having an aedeagal sheath that does not reach the distal margin of the dorsal valves and the curved nature of the dorsal valves (Figs 8 C-G, 9 C-G), and from M. balcones by the shorter, rounded valves found in that species (Fig. 9 D, F).	en	Hill, JoVonn G. (2023): Diversification deep in the heart of Texas: seven new grasshopper species and establishment of the Melanoplus discolor species group (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Melanoplinae). ZooKeys 1165: 101-136, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047
86D77B27A47E5F0BA2EFD8B51F8F4701.taxon	description	Measurements. Male measurements. (mm): (n = 10) Body length 17.5 - 21.5 (mean = 19.6); pronotum length 3.5 - 4.7 (mean = 4.1); tegmen length 4.1 - 5.1 (mean = 4.5); hind femur length 9.6 - 11.5 (mean = 10.6); cerci length 0.8 - 1.0 (mean = 1.0); basal width of cercus 0.5 - 0.6 (mean = 0.6); mid-cercal width 0.4 - 0.5 (mean = 0.5); cerci apex width 0.2 - 0.3 (mean = 0.3). Female measurements. (mm): (n = 4) Body length 18.5 - 21.1 (mean = 19.9); pronotum length 4.2 - 4.7 (mean = 4.5); tegmen length 4.1 - 5.9 (mean = 5.0); hind femur length 10.7 - 12.3 (mean = 11.7) Dorsal ovipositor valve length 1.2 - 1.3 (mean = 1.3); ventral ovipositor valve length 1.0 (mean = 1.0).	en	Hill, JoVonn G. (2023): Diversification deep in the heart of Texas: seven new grasshopper species and establishment of the Melanoplus discolor species group (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Melanoplinae). ZooKeys 1165: 101-136, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047
86D77B27A47E5F0BA2EFD8B51F8F4701.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From the Latin sus for hog and dentatus for toothed. In reference to the dorsal valves being shaped like the distal ends of the incisors and tusk of Sus scrofa L., a notorious invasive species in Texas.	en	Hill, JoVonn G. (2023): Diversification deep in the heart of Texas: seven new grasshopper species and establishment of the Melanoplus discolor species group (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Melanoplinae). ZooKeys 1165: 101-136, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047
30AE8CB196235BC69460DBEF53890E65.taxon	description	Figs 2 G, 3 H, 4 H, 13 A-J, 14	en	Hill, JoVonn G. (2023): Diversification deep in the heart of Texas: seven new grasshopper species and establishment of the Melanoplus discolor species group (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Melanoplinae). ZooKeys 1165: 101-136, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047
30AE8CB196235BC69460DBEF53890E65.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Male cerci broadly falcate (Figs 2 G, 13 A, B), internal male genitalia with the aedeagal sheath that does not project to the distal edge dorsal valves. Dorsal valves are thin plates that are arched along the caudal margin and are produced laterally to the ventral valves, giving the aedeagus a narrow or thin appearance in caudal or dorsal views (Figs 3 H, 4 H). The ventral valves are slightly shorter than the dorsal valves, are slightly arched posteriorly and have their distal ends bent medially (Fig. 13 F). Most similar to M. kendalli, M. balcones, and M. susdentatus. Melanoplus tonkawa is easily separated from M. kendalli by having an aedeagal sheath that does not reach the distal margin of the dorsal valves and the curved nature of the dorsal valves (Figs 7 C-G, 13 C-G), from M. balcones by the shorter, rounded valves found in that species (Figs 9 C-F, 13 C-F), and from M. susdentatus by the more rounded apices of the male cerci, less sclerotized and less broadly arching dorsal valves of the aedeagus (Figs 8 C-G, 13 C-G).	en	Hill, JoVonn G. (2023): Diversification deep in the heart of Texas: seven new grasshopper species and establishment of the Melanoplus discolor species group (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Melanoplinae). ZooKeys 1165: 101-136, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047
30AE8CB196235BC69460DBEF53890E65.taxon	description	Male measurements. (mm): (n = 2) Body length 20 - 21 (mean = 20.5); pronotum length 4.2 - 4.5 (mean = 4.4); hind femur length 11.2 - 11.4 (mean = 11.3); cerci length 1.0 - 1.2 (mean = 1.0); basal width of cercus 0.6 (mean = 0.6); mid-cercal width 0.4 (mean = 0.4); cerci apex width 0.3 (mean = 0.3).	en	Hill, JoVonn G. (2023): Diversification deep in the heart of Texas: seven new grasshopper species and establishment of the Melanoplus discolor species group (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Melanoplinae). ZooKeys 1165: 101-136, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047
30AE8CB196235BC69460DBEF53890E65.taxon	distribution	Distribution. In the vicinity of Fayette County Texas on the western edge of the North American Coastal Plain (Fig. 14).	en	Hill, JoVonn G. (2023): Diversification deep in the heart of Texas: seven new grasshopper species and establishment of the Melanoplus discolor species group (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Melanoplinae). ZooKeys 1165: 101-136, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047
30AE8CB196235BC69460DBEF53890E65.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named in honor of the Tonkawa tribe of Native Americans who previously inhabited the area where this species occurs.	en	Hill, JoVonn G. (2023): Diversification deep in the heart of Texas: seven new grasshopper species and establishment of the Melanoplus discolor species group (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Melanoplinae). ZooKeys 1165: 101-136, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047
4EA4A68EF3865D48A9A91285382D4152.taxon	description	Figs 2 E, 3 G, 4 G, 11 A-J, 14, 21	en	Hill, JoVonn G. (2023): Diversification deep in the heart of Texas: seven new grasshopper species and establishment of the Melanoplus discolor species group (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Melanoplinae). ZooKeys 1165: 101-136, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047
4EA4A68EF3865D48A9A91285382D4152.taxon	materials_examined	Other specimens examined. Texas: Kendall Co., 7 mi NE Sisterdale, 30.0073, - 98.5515, 22 July 2019, J. G. Hill, M. J. Thorn, B. S. Dunaway (3 ♂, 3 ♀).	en	Hill, JoVonn G. (2023): Diversification deep in the heart of Texas: seven new grasshopper species and establishment of the Melanoplus discolor species group (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Melanoplinae). ZooKeys 1165: 101-136, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047
4EA4A68EF3865D48A9A91285382D4152.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Male cerci that are falcate with a very steeply curving ventral edge (Figs 2 E, 11 A, B), internal male genitalia with the valves of the aedeagus projected dorsally with trifid, thinly sclerotized dorsal valves. (Figs 3 G, 4 G). Most similar to M. corniculatus, but M. walkeri is easily separated from that species by having more steeply curving male cerci (Fig. 2 D, E), aedeagal valves that are produced dorsally instead of caudally (Figs 10 C-F, 11 C-F), and the shape and level of sclerotization of the dorsal valves (Figs 10 C-G, 11 C-F).	en	Hill, JoVonn G. (2023): Diversification deep in the heart of Texas: seven new grasshopper species and establishment of the Melanoplus discolor species group (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Melanoplinae). ZooKeys 1165: 101-136, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047
4EA4A68EF3865D48A9A91285382D4152.taxon	description	Measurements. Male measurements. (mm): (n = 4) Body length 21.4 - 22.1 (mean = 21.7); pronotum length 4.2 - 5.0 (mean = 4.7); tegmen length 4.5 - 5.7 (mean = 5.1); hind femur length 11.2 - 11.9 (mean = 11.6); cerci length 0.9 (mean = 0.9); basal width of cercus 0.8 - 0.9 (mean = 0.9); mid-cercal width 0.5 (mean = 0.5); cerci apex width 0.3 (mean = 0.3). Female measurements. (mm): (n = 3) Body length 22 - 24.2 (mean = 22.8); pronotum length 5.5 - 5.7 (mean = 5.6); tegmen length 6.0 (mean = 6.0); hind femur length 13.3 - 13.5 (mean = 13.4); Dorsal ovipositor valve length 1.4 - 1.6 (mean = 1.5); ventral ovipositor valve length 1.3 - 1.5 (mean = 1.4).	en	Hill, JoVonn G. (2023): Diversification deep in the heart of Texas: seven new grasshopper species and establishment of the Melanoplus discolor species group (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Melanoplinae). ZooKeys 1165: 101-136, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047
4EA4A68EF3865D48A9A91285382D4152.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Found in the central eastern edge of the Edwards Plateau along the Balcones Escarpment (Fig. 14).	en	Hill, JoVonn G. (2023): Diversification deep in the heart of Texas: seven new grasshopper species and establishment of the Melanoplus discolor species group (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Melanoplinae). ZooKeys 1165: 101-136, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047
4EA4A68EF3865D48A9A91285382D4152.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named in honor of Jerry Jeff Walker an iconic Texas musician whose most influential album was recorded near the type locality of this species in the Luckenbach. Walker's songs such as Hill Country Rain, Leavin' Texas, and Sangria Wine brought me and my field team joy while traveling between field sites and added to the amazing ambiance of the Edwards Plateau.	en	Hill, JoVonn G. (2023): Diversification deep in the heart of Texas: seven new grasshopper species and establishment of the Melanoplus discolor species group (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Melanoplinae). ZooKeys 1165: 101-136, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047
