identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
B61C87FCFFEBFFFD396EFCF9FAF7F98A.text	B61C87FCFFEBFFFD396EFCF9FAF7F98A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xylocopa (Dasyxylocopa) Hurd and Moure 1963	<div><p>Xylocopa (Dasyxylocopa) Hurd and Moure, 1963</p><p>The subgenus X. (Dasyxylocopa) was proposed by Hurd and Moure (1963) for a single species, X. bimaculata . The males were distinguished from those of other New World subgenera by the combination of a yellow clypeus, vertex strongly elevated above level of eye orbits, apex of scape much surpassing level of upper eye orbits, eyes not strongly convergent above, mandible with apical tooth not projected beyond lower mandible margin, dorsolateral margins of clypeus not abruptly raised above adjacent parocular areas, tegula not transversely expanded, propodeum almost without a basal horizontal surface and hind basitarsus longer than corresponding tibia. The females were characterised by the combination of a body integument without conspicuous metallic reflexes, labrum with three tubercles, apical teeth of mandible not differing in width from one another, clypeo-orbital distance shorter than diameter of F1, alveolo-orbital distance longer than interalveolar distance, upper lateral sides of clypeus steeply elevated above adjacent parocular areas, eyes more convergent above than below, flagellum much longer than maximum eye length, basitibial plate not excavated subapically, metaposnotum exposed, terga covered with very long hairs and giving a shaggy appearance to the metasoma, pygidial area simple, with only the usual pair of subapical spines and lacking prepygidial denticles, apical margin of S1 slightly indented medially, and sterna lacking medial carina.</p><p>Hurd and Moure (1963) considered X. (Dasyxylocopa) to be most closely related to X. ( Ioxylocopa), then only known from males, and to X. ( Xylocopsis). In Minckley’ s (1998) study of the phylogenetic relationships of the carpenter bees, the different analyses favoured a closer relationship of X. (Dasyxylocopa) with X. ( Xylocopsis), X. ( Schonnherria) and X. ( Xylocospila). Although X. ( Ioxylocopa) was not included in his phylogenetic analyses, Minckley (1998) examined males of this subgenus and considered it part of his expanded X. ( Schonnherria), therefore discarding a closer relationship with X. (Dasyxylocopa). A molecular phylogeny for the Neotropical subgenera of Xylocopa (Viana and Melo, unpub. data), in which data for X. ( Xylocopsis) were not available, supported a sister group relationship between X. (Dasyxylocopa) and X. ( Ioxylocopa), which in turn formed the sister clade of X. ( Schonnherria).</p><p>After its proposal the subgenus X. (Dasyxylocopa) has not been revised and is still considered to contain only the type species, X. bimaculata, with the additional available names maintained as synonyms (Hurd and Moure 1963; Hurd 1978; Moure 2007). Hurd and Moure (1963) listed two available names, X. bimaculata and X. leucopus Friese, 1925, the latter placed as a synonym of the type species. Later, Hurd (1978) added X. piligera Maidl, 1912 as an additional synonym. In Hurd and Moure (1963), Maidl’ s name appeared as a synonym of X. funesta Maidl, 1912 .</p><p>After revision of the type material of all available names, X. (Dasyxylocopa) is considered to contain three valid species, one of them newly proposed based on females from the EspinhaÇo mountain range in the state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil . The three species can be distinguished by details of the tergal pubescence, punctation of the head and mesosoma, and structural details of the head shape (Figures 1–5).</p><p>Key to the species of X. (Dasyxylocopa)</p><p>1. Tufts on lateral portions of terga 5 and 6 mostly with white plumose hairs (Figure 3c); punctation on central portion of T2 relatively sparse, punctures placed apart by 2–4× their diameter (Figures 3d and 4c). Female: lower parocular area, frons, vertex and lower gena with white plumose hairs intermixed with black pilosity (Figure 4a, b); malar space shorter than maximum width of F1; distance between lateral ocellus and posterior margin of head almost 2× the diameter of mid ocellus; gena densely punctate throughout, interval between punctures smaller than puncture diameter; projection on apex of hind tibia slightly longer than apical projection of basitibial plate. Male unknown. Southern portion of Serra do EspinhaÇo, in Minas Gerais ................................................................... ................................................................... X. fortuita</p><p>– Tufts on lateral portions of terga 5 and 6 either mostly reddish yellow (Figure 3a) or black (Figures 3e and 5c); punctation on central portion of T2 denser, punctures placed apart by at most 2× their diameter (Figure 3b, f). Female: pilosity on head entirely fuscous (Figure 1a, b); malar space about as long as maximum width of F1; distance between lateral ocellus and posterior margin of head almost 3× the diameter of mid ocellus; punctation on gena denser only on lower portion, upper portion with very sparse punctures; projection on apex of hind tibia at most as long as apical projection of basitibial plate ....................................................................................... 2</p><p>2. Tufts on lateral portions of terga 5 and 6 reddish yellow (Figure 3a) to yellow; punctation on mesoscutum relatively sparser, punctures usually separated by more than one puncture diameter (Figure 2a); tergal punctation sparser, laterally adjacent punctures on central portion of T2 placed apart by 1–2× their diameter (Figure 3b); tergal pilosity shorter, apex of setae extending over posterior margin of T2 by less than 2× puncture diameter (Figure 3b). Paraná, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul .. ............................................................................................................................................. X. bimaculata</p><p>– Tufts on lateral portions of terga 5 and 6 mostly (males) (Figure 5c) or entirely black (females) (Figure 3e); punctation on mesoscutum relatively denser, punctures usually separated by no more than one puncture diameter (Figure 2b); tergal punctation denser, laterally adjacent punctures on central portion of T2 usually placed apart by less than one puncture diameter (Figure 3f); tergal pilosity longer, apex of setae extending over posterior margin of T2 by more than 2× puncture diameter (Figure 3f). Serra da Mantiqueira and Serra da Bocaina (mountain ranges in the borders between Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo) .................................................................................................................................... X . piligera</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B61C87FCFFEBFFFD396EFCF9FAF7F98A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Melo, Gabriel A. R.	Melo, Gabriel A. R. (2017): Revision of the carpenter bee subgenus Xylocopa (Dasyxylocopa) (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 51 (7 - 8): 379-390, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2016.1272724, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1272724
B61C87FCFFECFFF13967FD5FFDE7F99C.text	B61C87FCFFECFFF13967FD5FFDE7F99C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xylocopa (Dasyxylocopa) bimaculata Friese 1903	<div><p>Xylocopa (Dasyxylocopa) bimaculata Friese, 1903</p><p>(Figures 1, 2a, 3a, b)</p><p>Xylocopa bimaculata Friese, 1903: 202 . Holotype female, Brazil: Rio Grande do Sul (ZMB; examined).</p><p>Comments</p><p>The name X. bimaculata is used here to encompass only the populations from southern Brazil (additional records also known from northern Argentina and Paraguay; see Hurd 1978, p. 15), with the other available names removed from its synonymy (see X. piligera below). This species is most similar to X. piligera, with the main differences between them indicated in the key above.</p><p>Type material examined</p><p>The taxon was proposed based on a single female specimen, currently housed in the ZMB collection. The holotype is in perfect condition (Figure 1).</p><p>Additional material examined</p><p>Brazil: one male (ZMB), ‘128’ ‘ Brasilien’ ‘? ♂ X . bimaculata\Fr.’. Paraná: one female (DZUP), ‘CURITYBA – PARANÁ \30-XII-37\ Coll . Claretiano’ ‘bimaculata’; one female (DZUP), ‘ Paraná \CURITIBA\20–10-941\J . Leprevost-Leg .’ ‘ Xylocopa ♀ \bimaculata\ Fr .\P. Moure det .\1942’; one male (DZUP), idem except ‘ Xylocopa ♂ \bimaculata\ Fr ., 1903\P . Moure det .\1946’; one male (DZUP), idem except ‘18–10-941’; two females (DZUP), ‘ Curitiba \ XII-1946 \P . J. Moure’ [underside: ‘ Paraná \ Brasil’] ‘ Xylocopa ♀ \bimaculata\ Friese \ Pe J . S. Moure 1947’ (in one of the females, the identification label lacks the word ‘ Friese’); two females (DZUP), idem except ‘X. ( Dasyxylocopa) \ bimaculata ♀ \ Friese \ Pe J . S. Moure 1986’ (in one of the females, the identification label lacks the symbol ‘ ♀ ’); one male (DZUP), ‘UNIÃO VITÓRIA-PR\BRASIL III/1967 \E . U. Breyer leg’ ‘ Xylocopa ♂ \bimaculata\ Friese’; ‘ one female (DZUP), ‘VOSSOROCA, PR \ Tijucas do Sul \BRASIL iv-71\ Moure Mielke’ ‘X. ( Dasyxylocopa) \bimaculata\ Friese, 1903 \Pe . J . S. Moure det . 1990’; one female (DZUP), ‘ 20-III-1988 \S . José dos Pinhais,\ PR . 850 m Mielke leg’ ‘ Xylocopa \bimaculata \ Friese’; one female ‘ Brasil, Paraná, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-48.966667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.483334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -48.966667/lat -25.483334)">Piraquara</a>,\Mananciais da Serra,\ 25°29’S 48°58 ʹ W,\ 09 . iii .2002, G.A.R. Melo’ ‘ Xylocopa \bimaculata ♀ \det. GAR Melo 2013’; one female (DZUP), ‘ Brasil, Paraná, Campo \ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-49.616665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.466667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -49.616665/lat -25.466667)">Largo</a>, 980 m, 25°28’S \ 49°37 ʹ W, 10 .iv .2005,\G. Melo &amp; A . Aguiar’; one female (DZUP), ‘DZUP\161736’ ‘ Brasil, Paraná, Campina \ Grande do Sul, Pico do \ Caratuva, 09 .xii .2008,\F. Dias &amp; E . Carneiro’ ‘ Xylocopa \bimaculata ♀ \det. GAR Melo 2010’; one female (DZUP), ‘ Guarapuava, PR, Brasil \S25°23 ʹ 42.71”\W51°25 ʹ 27.51”\ Intervalo: 09:00 às 09:30 h\ 07 .IX .2012\Diniz, M. E. R.’. Santa Catarina: one female (DZUP), ‘DZUP \161737’ ‘ Brasil, Santa Catarina,\ Campo Alegre, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-48.95&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -48.95/lat -26.05)">Alto</a> \do <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-48.95&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -48.95/lat -26.05)">Quiriri</a>, 1300 m,\ 26°03’S 48°57 ʹ W, \ 14 .xi .2009, G. Melo’ ‘ Xylocopa \bimaculata ♀ \det. GAR Melo 2010 ’.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B61C87FCFFECFFF13967FD5FFDE7F99C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Melo, Gabriel A. R.	Melo, Gabriel A. R. (2017): Revision of the carpenter bee subgenus Xylocopa (Dasyxylocopa) (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 51 (7 - 8): 379-390, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2016.1272724, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1272724
B61C87FCFFE0FFF33994FF76FCE9FDE1.text	B61C87FCFFE0FFF33994FF76FCE9FDE1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xylocopa (Dasyxylocopa) fortuita Melo 2017	<div><p>Xylocopa (Dasyxylocopa) fortuita sp. nov.</p><p>(Figures 3c, d, 4)</p><p>Comments</p><p>In addition to the characters provided in the key, this species differs from the other two species of X. (Dasyxylocopa) by the enlarged ocelli, which make the distance to the eye margins shorter, and the enlarged fovea on the outer surface of the mandible. Also, in addition to differences in density and length, the pubescence on the terga is notably thinner than that possessed by X. bimaculata and X. piligera, although the difference is hard to quantify objectively. The density of the pubescence and punctation on the mesoscutum (Figure 4d) is similar to that of X. piligera and much denser than that of X. bimaculata .</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Currently known only from the southern portion of the EspinhaÇo mountain range, in central Minas Gerais. The specimens were collected in the Serra do Cipó.</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype female. Approximate body length, 18 mm; forewing, including tegula, 16 mm. Body integument mostly black, except for reddish-brown frontal surface of F2–F10 and basal half of claws. Wing membrane dark brown infumated, reflexes of a dark steel-blue hue. Pubescence chiefly dark brown to black; face, vertex and lower portion of gena with abundant intermingled white hairs; anterior corners of mesoscutum also with some pale plumose hairs under the dark pubescence; lateral portions of T5 with a conspicuous tuft of white pubescence, which extends slightly dorsally along the posterior margin of the tergum; sides of T6 and S5 with some white hairs intermingled with the dark pubescence and a few white plumose hairs laterally on T4. Vertex and gena densely punctured throughout, density on upper portion of gena similar to that on vertex laterally; punctures on disc of mesoscutum, on the inner side of the parapsidial line, about 1–1.5 pd; tergal punctures relatively fine, their diameter smaller than those on vertex; medial portion of T2 with relatively sparse punctation (about 2–4 pd).</p><p>Structure and proportions (measurements in mm): Head about 1.4× wider than long (6.1:4.4); eyes equally distant along both upper and lower orbits (3.0:3.0); maximum interorbital distance shorter than eye length (3.4:3.85); clypeus about 1.9× wider than long (3.1:1.6), its length equal to clypeo-ocellar distance (1.6:1.6); length of subantennal suture 0.75× inner diameter of antennal alveolus (0.30:0.40); interalveolar distance longer than alveolo-orbital distance (1.0:0.88); distance between posterior ocelli 1.5× diameter of mid ocellus and about 1.2× ocello-orbital distance (0.78:0.52:0.63); upper head margin, in frontal view, equally distant to lateral ocellus and to upper orbit (0.52:0.52); malar space much shorter than maximum diameter of F1 (0.15:0.28); length of F1 longer than summed length of F2–F3 and shorter than length of F2–F4 (0.83:0.65:1.0).</p><p>Male unknown</p><p>Variation. The density of pilosity along the medial portion of the T2 and T3 of the paratype is sparser than in the holotype.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype female (DZUP), ‘DZUP\028452’ ‘ Brasil, MG, 20 km a SE\ de <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-43.601&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.301" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -43.601/lat -19.301)">Santana do Riacho</a>, \ Serra do Cipó, 1040 m,\ 19.301°S 43.601°W,\ 14.ix.1986, G. Melo’ ‘ Encontrada morta\no chão’ . Paratype: 1 female (DZUP), ‘DZUP\028453’ ‘ Serra do Cipó \MG-BRASIL\ v .1990 L. Queiroz\HC. Souza l.’.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The species is named after fortuitus, Latin for accidental, by chance, in reference to how the holotype was collected. The specimen was found dead, lying on the ground, and was kept among unprepared material for almost 30 years, after which it was recognised as a new species and then pinned for study.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B61C87FCFFE0FFF33994FF76FCE9FDE1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Melo, Gabriel A. R.	Melo, Gabriel A. R. (2017): Revision of the carpenter bee subgenus Xylocopa (Dasyxylocopa) (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 51 (7 - 8): 379-390, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2016.1272724, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1272724
B61C87FCFFE3FFF53930FDB3FD19FE19.text	B61C87FCFFE3FFF53930FDB3FD19FE19.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xylocopa (Dasyxylocopa) piligera Maidl 1912	<div><p>Xylocopa (Dasyxylocopa) piligera Maidl, 1912 new status</p><p>(Figures 2b, 3e, f, 5, 6)</p><p>Xylocopa piligera Maidl, 1912: 327 . Lectotype male, presently designated, Brazil (NHW; examined).</p><p>Xylocopa leucopus Friese, 1925: 16 . Lectotype male, presently designated, Brazil: Minas Gerais, Passa Quatro (ZMB; examined).</p><p>Comments</p><p>Although Friese’ s X. leucopus was placed under the synonymy of X. bimaculata by Hurd and Moure (1963), they considered the possibility that it could be ‘subspecifically distinct’. Later, in his catalog of the New World Xylocopa, Hurd (1978) included Maidl’ s X. piligera as an additional synonym of X. bimaculata . After study of the type material of the two taxa, it was found that they correspond to the same species occurring in the mountains at the borders between the states of São Paulo, Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro. Structurally, X. piligera is most similar to X. bimaculata, as shown in the identification key above. They differ mostly by details of colour and density of pilosity.</p><p>Type material examined</p><p>Xylocopa piligera was proposed based on a series of six males from Brazil and housed in the NHW collection . The specimen with the labels ‘ Beske \ Brasilien’ ‘piligera\ Maidl ♂ \det . Fr . Maidl \ Type’ ‘ Lectotype \piligera\ Det . J . S . Moure 1958’ ‘NHMW’ is here designated as lectotype . Among the remaining specimens, four paralectotypes bear the labels ‘Beske\ Brasilien’ ‘piligera\ Maidl ♂ \det . Fr . Maidl \ Type’ and the fifth one only ‘piligera\ Maidl ♂ \det . Fr . Maidl \ Type’ . Friese’ s Xylocopa leucopus was described from an unknown number of males and females. A male in the ZMB collection with the labels ‘ Brasil \ Campinas \1921\ Passa Q. ’ (in which ‘21\ Passa Q. ’ has been handwritten on an original printed label ‘ Brasil \ Campinas \1903 \ Hempel’) ‘ Xylocopa \leucopus\1909 Friese det.\ ♂ n. Friese’ ‘ Type’ ‘ Coll .\ Friese’ ‘LIEFT .’ ‘ LECTOTYPE \ Xylocopa \leucopus\Friese\ ♂ P. D. Hurd ‘64’ ‘ Xylocopa \bimaculata\ Friese \ ♂ P . D. Hurd ‘64’ is here designated as lectotype . The SDEI collection possesses a male paralectotype bearing the labels ‘ Brasil \ Campinas \1921\ Passa Q. ’ (in which ‘21\ Passa Q. ’ has been handwritten on an original printed label ‘ Brasil \ Campinas \1903\ Hempel’) ‘ Xylocopa \leucopus\1909 Friese det.\ ♂ n. Friese’ ‘ Coll . Friese’ ‘ Paralecto \Typus\ Hurd ‘64 ’. There are two additional specimens, one female and one male, from the ZMB collection on loan that might constitute additional paralectotypes .</p><p>Additional material examined</p><p>Brazil, Minas Gerais: one male (ZMB), ‘ Brasil \ Passa Quatro \1823 [sic]\ Zikan’ (in which ‘ Passa Quatro \23\ Zikan’ has been handwritten on an original printed label ‘ Brasil \ S. Leopoldo \1897\ Dutra’) ‘ Xylocopa \leucopus\ Fr .\1909 Friese det.\ ♂ ’ ‘Coll.\ Friese’; one male (DZUP), ‘DZUP\028414’ ‘ Brasil, MG, 16 km a SE\ de Itamonte, Pq . Nac .\ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-44.733&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.359" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -44.733/lat -22.359)">Itatiaia</a>, 2200 m,\ 22.359°S 44.733°W,\ 25 .x .2011, D. Luz’ . Rio de Janeiro: one male (ZMB), ‘ Brasil \ Rio de Janeiro \1897\ Peckolt’ ‘ Xylocopa \albitarsis\1904 Friese det .\ ♂ Fr.’ ‘ Type’ ‘MS – Name’ ‘bimaculata\ Fr .\ Hurd’; one male (DZUP), ‘ Parque Nacional \ das Serra dos Órgaos \ Entre abrigos 2 e 3 .\ Terezopolis – E . Rio .\17.XI.949. Aristo-\teles Silva’ ‘ Xylocopa \bimaculata\ Friese’ . São Paulo: three females (DZUP), ‘ Brasil, SP, 10 km a SW\de S . J. Barreiro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-44.625&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.721" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -44.625/lat -22.721)">Serra</a> \ da Bocaina, 1560 m,\ 22.721°S 44.625°W,\ 23 .x .2011, G. Melo \ Em ninho’; one male (DZUP), ‘ Sa . BOCAINA- 1500 m \S.J. BARREIRO – SP\BRASIL 4-XI-1965 \F.M. Oliveira leg’; one male (DZUP), ‘CAMPOS DO JORDÃO\S . Paulo BRASIL\ Fev . – 1958\K . Lenko leg .’ ‘ Xylocopa ♂ \bimaculata\Friese\Pe J. S. Moure 1990 ’.</p><p>Biology</p><p>A single nest of X. piligera was found in a wood post of a fence (Figure 6) in the Serra da Bocaina, in São Paulo. The nest was not opened and therefore its internal structure has not been examined. The use of large pieces of dead wood for nesting purposes is a widespread behaviour in the genus Xylocopa . The only previous information on the nesting habits of the subgenus X. (Dasyxylocopa) is a report by Silveira et al. (2002) of use of dead stems of Vellozia (Velloziaceae) for nest construction by what was assumed to be X. bimaculata, but most likely corresponds to X. fortuita sp. nov.</p><p>Acknowledgments</p><p>I would like to thank Frank Koch and Michael Ohl for their kind help and support during my stay at the Museum für Naturkunde, in Berlin, and Dominique Zimmermann and Manuela Vizek, for their assistance during a short visit to the Naturhistorisches Museum Wien.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B61C87FCFFE3FFF53930FDB3FD19FE19	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Melo, Gabriel A. R.	Melo, Gabriel A. R. (2017): Revision of the carpenter bee subgenus Xylocopa (Dasyxylocopa) (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 51 (7 - 8): 379-390, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2016.1272724, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1272724
