taxonID	type	description	language	source
B5602620356BFFF1FEC7FECE668BFE22.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Ommatius macroscelis Bezzi 1906: 294, by present designation. Discription: Small to medium sized flies (6.3 – 20.6 mm) with brown to black body, wings entirely tomentose, and distinctive terminalia (Figs. 5 – 192), especially the roof­like epiphallus which conceals distiphallus dorsally and tubular spermatheca. Head: Ventral 2 / 3 of face (Fig. 1) moderately gibbose. Palpus and proboscis yellow setose. Antenna, frons, and ocellar tubercle brown to black setose. Frons with wide stripe of long, multiple setae laterally; sides slightly converging dorsally. Ocellar tubercle with two long setae, each about as long as basal three antennomeres combined. Thorax: Scutellum usually with two black marginal bristles and prominent preapical marginal groove. Stout anepimeral bristle present. Wing (Figs. 3 a – 3 b): Entirely microtrichose, usually brownish­yellow, sometimes brown or yellow. Legs: Fore femur (Fig. 2) with preapical, anteroventral bristle. Hind femur with two ventral rows of bristles, each extending from base to apex; posteroventral row of bristles usually arched medially onto posterior surface. Tarsi partially yellow, at least a few yellow bristles present. Apical segments of abdomen of females usually with sparse, unusually stout, bristles. Terminalia (5 – 192). Male: Cerci unusually long and narrow, three or more times as long as wide. Epandrium notched dorsally or apically, with a short flat flange along internal surface apically. Aedeagal sheath strongly produced [= epiphallus] anteriorly, concealing tubular distiphallus dorsally and usually apex laterally; distiphallus usually horizontal, apex somewhat flattened laterally, often pointed and recurved; base of aedeagus produced anteriorly, projecting between gonocoxites and beyond hypandrium, usually wide and rounded. Female: Spermatheca tubular, recurved except in A. minutus, usually slightly flattened and wider apically, sides gradually wider apically; spermathecal duct unusually narrow, including valves, each connected to large bulbus bursa basally (Fig. 24) and spermatheca preapically. Sternum 8 with minute spurlike ridge apically. Genital fork mostly membranous, arms sclerotized dorsally. Etymology. Afroestricus is a combination of the prefix Afro for the Afrotropical region where the species occurs and the Latin estricis for eating in excess, referring to the voracious feeding habits of asilids. The gender is feminine. Remarks. Afroestricus is distinguished from Ommatius by the moderately gibbose face; frons with wide stripe of long setae, not arranged in single file; ocellar setae subequal to or as long as three antennal segments combined (Fig. 1); fore femur with anterior, preapical bristle (Fig. 2); the flat, rooflike epiphallus which conceals the tubular distiphallus dorsally; the notched epandrium and the tubular, recurved, slightly flattened spermatheca.	en	Scarbrough Table Of Contents, Aubrey G. (2005): Afroestricus, a new Afrotropical Ommatine (Diptera: Asilidae) genus with twenty species and two species groups. Zootaxa 1041 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1041.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1041.1.1
B56026203561FFF4FEC7FC9E66E0FAFD.taxon	description	Figs. 5 – 14, 193 Male. Body 12.4 mm; wing 8.0 – 8.7 mm. Head: Face yellow tomentose with abundant black vestiture dorsally, yellow, denser vestiture ventrally; FHWR 1.0: 3.9 – 1.0: 4.0. Antenna black, setae below scape as long as scape + pedicel; flagellum absent. Frons yellow to brownish­yellow tomentose; setae as long as scape and pedicel combined. Occiput gray tomentose, mostly yellow and white setose; row of 12 to 14 black postocular bristles dorsally, extending to or near midlateral margin of eye; postocular bristles long, thin, and strongly proclinate, longest just before or above ocellar tubercle. Thorax: Pronotum brownish­yellow tomentose with black bristles. Mesonotum with mostly dull yellow to yellowish­gray tomentum, two median stripes and two lateral spots brown; vestiture black, anterior setae longer than scape; row of long, stout, dorsocentral bristles extend forward to postpronotum, anterior dorsocentral setae about 2 / 3 as long as first notopleural bristle; four lateral bristles present. Scutellum yellow tomentose with yellow setae. Pleuron yellow to yellowish­gray tomentose; setae pale yellow, anepimeral bristle pale yellow or black. Halter yellow, knob slightly brownish­yellow. Wing: As Fig. 3 a except as follows. Cell m 3 basally with short m­cu crossvein. Cell m 1 WR 1.0: 2.6: 2.9 – 1.0: 2.8: 2.9. Leg: Coxae black, yellowish­gray tomentose, vestiture yellowish. Trochanter black. Femora mostly yellow with black bristles; narrow apex of middle and hind femora brown; hind femur with anterior most basal bristle yellow; fore and middle femora with mostly, long, thin yellow setae ventrally, sparse black setae present. Middle femur with preapical, posteroventral bristle. Hind femur with posteroventral bristles arched posteriorly; HFWLR 1.0: 3.6 – 1.0: 3.7. Tibiae mostly yellow, narrow apex of fore and middle tibiae and apical 1 / 2 of hind tibia anteriorly brown to black; bristles mostly black, one to three yellow bristles present. Tarsi dark brown with black bristles, narrow base of most tarsomeres yellow; basal tarsomere of fore and middle tarsi yellow with narrow brown apex; fore and middle tarsi with five or six yellow bristles. Abdomen: Gray tomentose with mostly pale yellow to white setae; terga 6 to 8 slightly brown tomentose medially with abundant black setae; sparse black setae present on tergum 5 medially. Terminalia (Fig. 5 – 10). Black, apical margin brownish­yellow or red. Epandrium wide apically, apex three to four times base; apex broadly emarginated; ventral corner narrow and pointed in lateral view, wide and rounded in ventral view, forming asymmetrical clubbed; shallow, preapical, dorsoapical notch present. Gonostylus distinctive. Gonocoxite short, apex before apical margin of epandrium. Distiphallus horizontal, slightly flared apically; epiphallus narrow, constricted medially, wide triangular sides anterolateriorly; ejaculatory apodeme slightly thick medially with narrow lateral flange. Hypandrium rounded apically. Female. Differs as follows: Body 10.1 – 10.7 mm; wing 7.9 mm; FHWR 1.0: 3.6 – 1.0: 3.8; FWLR 1.0: 1.6 – 1.0: 1.9; m 1 WR 1.0: 2.8: 3.0; HFWLR 1.0: 4.5 – 1.0: 4.8. Face: Dorsal 1 / 2 of face with black vestiture. Flagellum as long as scape. Leg: Femora slender. Abdomen: Narrow middle of terga 2 to 4 black setose, terga beyond mostly to entirely black setose; apical two to three terga with only thin, black bristles, those of sterna yellow and thicker. Terminalia (Figs. 11 – 14) Reddish­brown. Tergum 9 entirely sclerotized dorsally, about 1 / 2 as long as cercus. Sternum 8 with abundant thin setae laterally. Spermatheca smooth, swollen apically. Genital fork with very slender arms and base. Type material. Holotype M, ETHIOPIA [= C. Abyssinia]: Maraquo, 2. vi. 1914, O. Kovacs, (BMNH). Paratypes: 1 F, same data as holotype (BMNH); 1 M [terminalia slide S. 56], 4 F, same data as holotype (BMNH). Etymology. The species name, abyssinia, a noun in apposition, refers to the ancient empire of the Sabean kingdoms, which includes present day Ethiopia. Distribution (Tables 1, 2; Fig. 193). Known from the type locality; collected in June. Remarks. Afroestricus abyssinia is distinguished from congeners by characters in the key and terminalia (Figs. 5 – 14). Although similar to A. macroscelis, it differs in the yellow femur, a dorsoapical notch on the epandrium, and in the distinctive shapes of the aedeagus and genital fork.	en	Scarbrough Table Of Contents, Aubrey G. (2005): Afroestricus, a new Afrotropical Ommatine (Diptera: Asilidae) genus with twenty species and two species groups. Zootaxa 1041 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1041.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1041.1.1
B56026203563FFE8FEC7FA8E65ABFAC2.taxon	description	Figs. 15 – 24, 193	en	Scarbrough Table Of Contents, Aubrey G. (2005): Afroestricus, a new Afrotropical Ommatine (Diptera: Asilidae) genus with twenty species and two species groups. Zootaxa 1041 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1041.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1041.1.1
B56026203563FFE8FEC7FA8E65ABFAC2.taxon	description	Redescription, male. Black. Body 11.4 – 15.0 mm; wing 7.1 – 9.3 mm. Head: Face yellowish to gray tomentose, 8 to 14 black bristles and scattered black setae present on dorsal 1 / 2; vestiture denser, longer, and yellowish ventrally, stout yellow bristles present medially; FHWR 1.0: 4.5 – 1.0: 5.0. Antenna brown to black; flagellum slightly longer than scape, FWLR 1.0: 3.0 – 1.0: 3.5. Frons yellow to brownish­yellow tomentose; longest setae as long as scape + pedicel combined. Occiput yellow to yellowish­gray tomentose with mostly white setae, sparse black setae sometimes present dorsally; 8 to 12 short, thick, black, postocular bristles present, two or three slightly arched forward, apex at or just before posterior margin of eye. Thorax: Pronotum dorsally brown tomentose, setae yellowish, bristles black. Mesonotum black, postalar callus sometimes partly yellowish to red; two narrow, brown, paramedial, tomentose stripes and three brown, lateral spots present, tomentum elsewhere yellow to yellowish­gray posteriorly; vestiture black, sparse whitish setae present laterally and between dorsocentrals posteriorly; anterior setae slightly longer than scape; four long, thick lateral and four to five dorsocentral bristles present, latter present at or just behind transverse suture. Scutellum yellowish­gray tomentose with yellow setae. Pleuron yellow tomentose anteriorly, yellowish­gray posteriorly, anepisternum sometimes brown with sparse black setae; setae and bristles usually yellow; anepimeral bristle yellow or black. Halter yellow to reddish­yellow. Wing (Fig. 3 a): Yellowish­brown microtrichose. Cell r 1 wide apically, vein R 2 + 3 strongly curved forward apically. Cell r 4 with base just beyond apex of d cell; cell wide apically with vein R 4 strongly curved anteriorly before wing margin. Crossvein r­m before or just beyond middle of cell d, much longer than CuA 1 + M 3; cu­m sometimes present. Cell m 1 WR 1.0: 3.0: 2.8 – 1.0: 4.7: 4.8. Leg: Coxae, trochanters and femora black. Coxae white tomentose with abundant white to yellow setae. Femora mostly short yellowish setose, long ventrally, latter sometimes black; fore and middle femora black setose dorsally; bristles usually black, often white to yellow in specimens in northern part of range, especially ventrally. HFWLR 1.0: 4.0 – 1.0: 5.0. Tibiae yellow with apices of first two blackish; hind tibia usually black on apical 1 / 2 anteriorly; bristles mostly black, two or three lateral bristles on fore and middle tibiae yellow. Tarsi with fore basotarsomere mostly yellow, apex brown; tarsomeres otherwise mostly brown, base of tarsomere three and four narrowly yellow; fore and middle tarsi, sometimes hind tarsus, with three to six yellow bristles. Abdomen: Mostly yellowish­gray tomentose with yellow to white setae; terga 4 to 5 medially with sparse black setae, abundant on terga 6 – 8; bristles yellow or black, none especially stout. Terminalia: Black to reddish­brown, apical margins reddish to yellowish. Cercus 2.5 to 3 X longer than wide. Epandrium with prominently notched dorsoapically; apex narrow, dorsal corner usually angular in dorsal view. Gonostylus distinctive. Epiphallus, narrow in dorsal view, extends vertically just beyond middle; distiphallus wide apically; ejaculatory apodeme thin. Gonocoxite short, apex well before apical angle of epandrium; apical margin obtusely rounded in ventral view, evenly contured, not raised, and significantly shorter than anteromedial corner. Hypandrium round apically. Female. Differs as follows. Body 9.7 – 15.3 mm; wing 7.0 – 10.3 mm; FHWR 1.0: 3.5 – 1.0: 3.7; FWLR 1.0: 2.0 – 1.0: 2.8; m 1 WR 1.0: 2.9: 3.0 – 1.0: 4.6: 4.2; HFWLR 1.0: 4.6 – 1.0: 5.6. Head: Face with black setae extending ventrally to or beyond middle of face and 12 or more black bristles. Thorax: Setae between dorsocentral rows posteriorly often black. Hind tarsus usually with only black bristles. Abdomen: Terga usually black setose dorsally. Unusually stout yellow and black bristles present on apical segments. Terminalia (Figs. 21 – 24): Tergum 9 entirely sclerotized dorsally, about 1 / 3 as long as cercus. Sternum 8 without stout bristles. Spermatheca slightly enlarged and flattened apically, surface smooth. Genital fork distinctive. Types examined. TANZANIA: 1 M [holotype Ommatius chiastoneurus Speiser], Kilimandjaro, Sjostedt 1905 – 6, Kibonoto [Mkomazi Game Reserve] 1300 – 1900 m, 4 Dec (NHRS). SOUTH AFRICA: 1 M [holotype O. senex Bromley], New Hanover [29 ° 23 ’ S 30 ° 32 ’ E], Natal, 16. xii. 1913, C. B. Hardenberg (NMSA); 1 M, [paratype O. senex Bromley], New Hanover [29 ° 23 ’ S 30 ° 32 ’ E], Natal, 20. xii. 14, C. B. Hardanberg, Bromley coll. (USNM). Additional material. BURUNDI: 1 F, Urundi (Mosso) 1450 m, Makoronkwe 12. iii. 1953, P. Basilewsky (MRAC). DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO: 1 M, Zimbéze, Nova Choupanga, Prés Chemba, P. Lesne 1928 (MNHN); 1 M, 1 F, Congo belge: P. N. A, Katanda, 950 m 31. xi. 1934, G. F. de Witte: 857 (MRAC); 1 F, May ya Moto, 950 m, 15. xi. 1934, G. F. de Witte: 758 (MRAC). ETHIOPIA: 2 F, Abyssinie, Mission de Conchamps, C. H. Michel and M. Potter, 1899 (MNHN); 1 M, Abyssinia, ix. 1911, R. J. Stordy (BMNH). KENYA: 1 F, A prey on B, vi, Nairobi Dt [01 ° 17 ’ S 36 ° 49 ’ E], 1911, T. J. Anderson, 1911 ­ 384 (BMNH); 1 M, Nairobi [01 ° 17 ’ S 36 ° 49 ’ E], B. E. A ~ G. Babault, iii. 1943 (MNHN); 1 M, Nairobi [01 ° 17 S 36 ° 49 E], B. E. A, vi – vii. 1912, Dr. A. D. Milne (MRAC); 1 F, Brit. E. Africa, Nairobi District [01 ° 17 ’ S 36 ° 49 ’ E], 3. v. 1911, T. J. Anderson (MRAC); 1 F, Ruwenzori, Mt Karangna, 8 ­ 9000 ft, xii. 1934 – i. 1935, F. W. Edwards (BMNH). MALAWI: 1 M, Nyasaland, Chikala District [14 ° 38 ’ S 35 ° 12 ’ E], i. 1913, H. S. Stannus [male terminalia, slide 51] (BMNH). MOZAMBIQUE: 1 M, Prov. Gorongoza, Tendos du Sungoue, et Riy Vunduzi (alt 40 m), G. Vasse 1907 (MNHN). SOUTH AFRICA: 1 M, Mmbilo, Durban [29 ° 48 ’ S 31 ° 00 ’ E] Natal, 21. xi. 26, A. L. Bevis ~ Ommatius senex, Bromley 1945? det S. W. Bromley (BMNH); 1 M, Natal: Weenen [28 ° 52 ’ S 30 ° 05 ’ E], i. 1925, (termalilia slide 50), H. P. Thomasset (BMNH); 2 M, South Africa: Natal, Pietermaritzburg [29 ° 36 ’ S 30 ° 23 ’ E] 2930 cb 19. iii. 1978, JGH Londt (NMSA); 2 M, 1 F, Dargle, Grassveld, 4400 ft 20. vii. 1987, P. E. Reavell (NMSA); 2 M, S. A. [= South Africa]: Natal: 2429 AA, Transvaal, 20 km NE of Potgietersrus rd. to Maccapans Mts, 27. i. 78, JGH Londt, long grass under tree (NMSA); 1 M, Sth [= South] Africa Transvaal, Johannesburg [26 ° 09 ’ 34 ” S 28 ° 04 ’ 21 ” E], 2628 Aa, Highlands North, R. Elferink 21. ii. 1982 (NMSA); 1 M, Sth [= South] Africa Transvaal, Johannesburg [26 ° 09 ’ 34 ” S 28 ° 04 ’ 21 ” E], 2628 Aa, Highlands North, R. Elferink 7. iii. 1982 (NMSA); 1 M, S. A. [= South Africa] Natal, Pietermaritzburg [29 ° 36 ’ S 30 ° 23 ’ E], Scottsville, 15 – 21. iv. 1986, R. M. Miller, Malaise Trap (NMSA); 1 M, S. A. [= South Africa] Natal, Durban [29 ° 48 ’ S 31 ° 00 ’ E] SE 2931 CC, WW Strglingh Bluff, golf course 11. iv. 87 (NMSA); 1 M, S. A. [South Africa], Natal nr Itala [27 ° 32 ’ S 31 ° 19 ’ E], Game Reserve Graig Adam Dam 27 ° 28 ’ S 31 ° 25 ’ E, ii. 1991 R. M. Miller, Malaise Trap (NMSA); 1 M, S. A. [= South Africa]: Natal, Pietermaritzburg [29 ° 36 ’ S 30 ° 23 ’ E], Montrose in garden 2930 CB, JGH Londt, 12. xii. 1981 (NMSA); 1 M, 1 F, South Africa: Natal, 15 km SE Ingwavuma, 21. ii. 1979 2732 AA, JGH Londt, bushy area with big trees (NMSA). UGANDA: 1 M, Mafunga Forests, Kiozi, vi. 1951, Van Someren. Com. Inst. Ent. Coll. No. 12301 (BMNH); 1 M, Entebbe [0 ° 04 ’ N 32 ° 38 ’ E], 1 – 15. v. 1983, G. G. M. Schulten (ZMAN); 7 M, 7 F, Entebbe [0 ° 04 ’ N 32 ° 38 ’ E], Kisubi Forest, 9 – 10. v. 1976, M. K. Paulus (CNCI); 4 M, 3 F, Entebbe [0 ° 04 ’ N 32 ° 38 ’ E], Kisubi Forest, 8 – 9. vi. 1976, M. K. Paulus (CNCI); 1 F, Entebbe [0 ° 04 ’ N 32 ° 38 ’ E], Kisubi Forest, 24. iv. 1976, M. K. Paulus (CNCI); 2 M, Nr. Entebbe [0 ° 04 ’ N 32 ° 38 ’ E], 1 – 13. ii. 1973, 1160 m, H. Falke (CNCI); 19 M, 19 F, Entebbe [0 ° 04 ’ N 32 ° 38 ’ E], 10. iii. 1972, in forest, H. Falke (CNCI); 6 M, Entebbe [0 ° 04 ’ N 32 ° 38 ’ E], 10. iii. 1972, in forest, H. Falke (CNCI); 2 F, 7 mi. N. Entebbe [0 ° 04 ’ N 32 ° 38 ’ E], nr. Lk. Victoria, 2. iii. 1972, 1135 m, H. Falke (CNCI); 1 M, Entebbe [0 ° 04 ’ N 32 ° 38 ’ E], 10. iii. 1972, in forest, H. Falke (CNCI); 1 F, Uganda: Entebbe, 25. vi. 1972, H. Falke (FSCA). ZIMBABWE: 1 M, among grass, Salisbury [= Harare 17 ° 50 ’ S 31 ° 03 ’ E], S. Rhodesia, Dept. Agric, 3. i. 1937, A. Cuthbertson coll, Bromley coll. (USNM); 1 M, S. Rhodesia, Dept. Agric, 28. i. 1936, Bromley coll (USNM). Distribution (Tables 1, 2; Fig. 193). Wide spread in eastern Africa; collected up to 2647 meters from October to June Remarks. Afroestricus chiastoneurus is distinguished from congeners by the combination of black femora and characters of the terminalia (Figs. 15 – 24). Afroestricus chiastoneurus, A. macroscelis, A. insectaris, and A. varipes have black femora. However, the femora are entirely black in A. chiastoneurus and A. macroscelis whereas they are only partly black in the latter two species, i. e. brownish­yellow to brownish dorsally in A. varipes or yellow apically in A. insectaris. Females of A. chiastoneurus and A. macroscelis are essentially identical externally but each has distinctive genital forks (Figs. 24, 80). Bromley (1936), uncertain of the identity of O. variabilis, described O. senex, a black South African species with black femora and terminalia. Apparently, he was not aware of A. chiastoneurus (Speiser 1910). My examination of the types of the two species reveals that they are conspecific. Since A. chiastoneurus was described earlier than O. senex, the former name has priority and is retained for the species. Ommatius senex is here declared a new synonmyn of A. variabilis.	en	Scarbrough Table Of Contents, Aubrey G. (2005): Afroestricus, a new Afrotropical Ommatine (Diptera: Asilidae) genus with twenty species and two species groups. Zootaxa 1041 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1041.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1041.1.1
B5602620357FFFEDFEC7FA8C620DFEBD.taxon	description	Figs. 25 – 34, 193 Male. Dark brown to black. Body 8.0 mm; wing 5.7 mm. Head: Face gray tomentose, mostly white to yellowish vestiture with six to eight black bristles; FHWR 1.0: 5.2. Antenna brown; flagellum as long as scape; FWLR 1.0: 2.1. Frons gray to yellowish­gray tomentose, setae as long as scape. Vertex brownish tomentose. Occiput grayish tomentose with mostly whitish vestiture; five to seven brown, proclinate, postocular bristles present, longest dorsal bristle 1 / 2 distance toward ocellar tubercle. Thorax: Pronotum gray tomentose dorsally, slightly brownish­gray dorsally, setae white, bristles black. Mesonotum mostly yellowish­brown tomentose dorsally with two slightly darker brown narrow stripes and lateral spots, narrow sides and posterior yellowish­gray to yellow; vestiture dark brown to blackish, anterior setae about as long as scape; three long, stout dorsocentral bristles present, at or just behind transverse suture, thinner and shorter setae present anteriorly, about 1 / 2 as long as bristles. Scutellum and pleuron yellowish­gray tomentose, setae whitish; anepimeral and two katatergal bristles black. Halter yellow. Wing: As Fig. 3 b. Base of vein m 1 slightly curved anteriorly WR 1.0: 2.2: 1.9 – 1.0: 2.3: 2.1. Leg: Coxae and trochanters black, former grayish tomentose with whitish vestiture. Legs yellow with mostly black vestiture, narrow apices of femora and tibiae brownish. Middle femur with stout preapical bristle. Hind femur basally often with one to two yellowbristles; HFWLR 1.0: 4.5. Fore and middle tibiae with one to three yellow bristles. Tarsi with basal tarsomeres mostly yellow, narrow apices brown; remaining tarsomeres mostly brown, bases yellow; bristles black except for one to two yellow bristles on fore and middle tarsi. Abdomen: Mostly reddish­brown, black basally; most terga brown to brownish­red tomentose with balck setae, wide sides and narrow apices gray, tergum 1 and all sterna gray with white setae. Terminalia (Figs. 25 – 30): Brownish­red, darker brown to blackish basally. Epandrium narrowly notched dorsoapically; black setose apically, sparse, thick setae dorsoapically, abundant, thinner setae ventroapically. Gonostylus distinctive. Distiphallus slightly sigmoid apically, flange ventrally; ejaculatory apodeme unusually thick. Epiphallus raised apically, notched. Gonocoxite short, well posterior of apical margin of epandrium, apically sinuate in lateral view, triangular process dorsally, spurlike process ventrally. Hypandrium truncate apically. Female. Differs as follows. Body 10.0 mm; wing 7.0 mm; FHWR 1.0: 4.0; FWLR 1.0: 2.6; cell m 1 WR 1.0: 2.1.0: 2.1; HFWLR 1.0: 5.1. Head: Face yellowish­gray to yellow tomentose, mostly black dorsally. Thorax: Mesonotum laterally and posteriorly, Scutellum, and pleuron anteriorly yellow tomentose. Leg: Middle femur without preapical anteroventral bristle. Hind femur and tibiae with only black bristles. Abdomen: Unusually stout bristles absent. Tergum 8 with thin black bristles. Terminalia (Figs. 31 – 34): Tergum 9 sclerotized, unusually narrow medially, straplike. Sternum 8 mostly blackish, yellowish apically. Spermatheca annulate, wider apically, narrow basally. Genital fork distinctive. Type material. Holotype M, MALAWI: SE 1435 AC, 35 km N. of Mangochi, 10 km N. Club Makokola, 10 – 11. iii. 1987, sandy grassveld, J and A Londt [mounted with paratype female] (NMSA). Paratypes: MALAWI: 1 F, same data as holotype [mounted with holotype] (NMSA). MOZAMBIQUE: 1 M, 1 F, Bela Vista [= Belavista, 26 º 20 ’ S 32 º 40 ’ E], 30. iii. 1980, H. R. Feijen, (NMSA); 1 M, Lourenço Marques [= Maputo, 26 º 50 ’ S 32 º 30 ’ E], H. A. Junod, 5. ii. 14 (BMNH). Etymology. Latin eminentis for produced or prominent, referring to the spinelike gonocoxal process. Distrbution. Known from three locations in Malawi and Mozambique; collected in February and March (Tables 1, 2). Remarks. Afroestricus eminentis is distinguished from congeners by the characters in the key and the terminalia (Figs. 25 – 34). It differs further by the sparse, short, thin setae on the mesonotum, three long dorsocentral bristles behind the transverse suture, and the long black setae below the fore and middle femora. Afroestricus eminentis, A. minutus, A. persuasus, A. hamulus, and A. morani share annulated spermathecae. The spermatheca of A. minutus is short and carrot­shaped whereas it is much longer and recuved in A. eminentis. The male of A. eminentis also differs from A. persuasus in its thinner femora, dark fore coxa, and the narrow apex of cell r 4. It differs from A. hamulus and A. morani in the distinctive genital fork and gonostylus, and presence of a spinelike gonocoxal process.	en	Scarbrough Table Of Contents, Aubrey G. (2005): Afroestricus, a new Afrotropical Ommatine (Diptera: Asilidae) genus with twenty species and two species groups. Zootaxa 1041 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1041.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1041.1.1
B5602620357AFFE3FEC7FE4E6221FBA2.taxon	description	Figs. 35 – 44, 193 Male. Body 10.7 – 12.1 mm; wing 6.4 – 7.1 mm. Head: Face mostly yellowish­gray tomentose, yellow dorsally; vestiture mostly yellow with six to seven black bristles on dorsal 2 / 3 and sparse, black setae dorsally; FHWR 1.0: 3.8 – 1.0: 3.9. Antenna brown, longest ventral setae longer than scape or flagellum; flagellum as long as scape; FWLR 1.0: 2.4. Frons golden yellow to slightly brownish­yellow tomentose; lateral setae as long as scape + pedicel. Occiput yellowish­gray tomentose with yellowish and white setae; seven to eight black postocular bristles present dorsally, latter short and thick, slightly arched forward with apex just above posterior margin of eye. Thorax: Pronotum golden yellow tomentose; bristles yellow. Mesonotum with two brownish tomentose median stripes and two lateral spots, tomentum yellow to yellowishgray otherwise; setae long, mostly black, yellow on postpronotum, sides, and between dorsocentral bristles posteriorly; anterior setae about as long as scape; long dorsocentral setae and bristles extend forward to or just before transverse suture, longest setae 2 / 3 as long as first notopleural bristle; four lateral bristles present, one or two bristles per side yellow. Scutellum yellowish­gray tomentose with pale setae and two yellow marginal bristles. Pleuron yellow to yellowish­gray tomentose with yellow bristles and setae. Halter dull red. Wing: As Fig. 3 a except as follows. Yellow microtrichose. Vein R 4 moderately arched forward basally. Cell m 1 narrow basally, much wider beyond with sides slightly diverging; vein m 1 strongly arched forward basally; m 1 WR 1.0: 3.6: 3.9. Leg: Coxae and trochanter black, latter pale yellowish­gray tomentose with yellowish to white vestiture. Fore femur entirely yellow, row of long, thin, yellow setae present ventrally; anterior preapical bristle yellow. Middle and hind femora yellow, narrow apex black. Middle femur anteriorly with black bristles on basal 2 / 3, yellow on apical 1 / 3; preapical, posteroventral bristle absent, long thin seta present. Hind femur with yellow bristles, one apical posteroventral and two anterior apical bristles sometimes black; HFWLR 1.0: 4.1 – 1.0: 4.3. Tibiae yellow with apex brown to black and mostly yellow bristles. Hind tibia without an apical tubercle. Tarsi mostly yellow, at least narrow apex brown; basal tarsomere yellow, narrow apex brown; all tarsi with two to four yellow bristles. Abdomen: Mostly gray tomentose with white setae, terga 4 to 8 yellow to brownishyellow with sparse to abundant black setae medially. Apical corners of terga 3 to 7 with one stout pale yellow bristle. Terminalia (Figs. 35 – 40): Reddish. Epandrium narrow apically, apex digitate in lateral view; narrowly notched dorsoapically. Gonostylus distinctive. Distiphallus horizontal, apex narrow, flared vertically; epiphallus unusually narrow apically, prominent earlike process present laterally, apex truncate; ejaculatory apodeme slightly thickened medially. Gonocoxite much longer, wider, and thicker than epandrium in lateral view, curved below epandrium apically, apex truncate. Hypandrium triangular, apex wide, W­shaped. Female. Differs as follows: Body 9.7 – 10.3 mm; wing 6.0 – 6.1 mm; FHWR 1.0: 4.1 – 1.0: 4.6; FWLR 1.0: 2.1; HFWLR 1.0: 4.5. Head: Face mostly golden tomentose with eight brown bristles, vestiture otherwise yellow. Flagellum slightly longer than scape. Frons brownish­yellow. Thorax: Mesonotum with only two stout dorsocentral bristles posteriorly. Wing: Crossvein r­m at or just beyond middle of cell d. Leg: Tarsi with most tarsomeres yellow basally; hind tarsus with only brown bristles. Abdomen: Apical segments with stout, yellow, and / or black bristles; Terminalia (Figs. 41 – 44): Reddish. Tergum 9 membranous dorsally, sclerotized laterally and ventrally. Sternum 8 with two bristles laterally. Spermatheca wide apically and basally, surface smooth. Genital fork distinctive. Type material. Holotype M, GAMBIA: Keneba cattle meadow, 20. viii. 57 (BMNH). Paratypes: 2 F, Keneba cattle meadow by sweeping, 31. vi. 57 (BMNH); 1 F, Keneba, 20. ix. 1969, J. Hamon, (MNHN). SENEGAL: 1 M, Kouypenntoun, 27. viii. 67, J. G. Pointel, (MNHN); 2 F, Senegal, 3 km SSE Brin, 11 km SW Ziguinchor 1977, Loc. No. 22 UTM 28 PCJ­ 53 ­ 83 ­ ~ Lund Univ. Syst. Dept, Sweden­Gambia / Senegal, Nov. 1977 Cederholm­Danielsson­Hammarstedt­Hedqvist­Sammulsson (MZLU). Etymology. The species name fulaui, a noun in apposition, refers to those people living along the Gambia River that raise cattle. Distribution (Tables 1, 2; Fig. 193). Known from a few localities in Gambia and Senegal; collected in June, August, and November. Remarks. Afroestricus fulaui is distinguished from congeners by the characters in the key, the yellow bristles of the thorax dorsum and legs, and the terminalia (Figs. 35 – 44).	en	Scarbrough Table Of Contents, Aubrey G. (2005): Afroestricus, a new Afrotropical Ommatine (Diptera: Asilidae) genus with twenty species and two species groups. Zootaxa 1041 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1041.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1041.1.1
B56026203574FFE1FEC7FB2C66A4F8DA.taxon	description	Figs. 45 – 54, 193 Male. Dark brown. Body 8.1 mm; wing 5.1 mm. Head: Face gray tomentose with mostly white setae and bristles; 8 to 9 black bristles and setae present; FHWR 1.0: 4.3. Antenna blackish, longest ventral setae as long as scape or flagellum; flagellum as long as scape; FWLR 1.0: 1.7. Frons slightly yellowish­gray tomentose; setae as long as scape. Occiput mostly gray tomentose with white setae, brown dorsally, darkest along margin of vertex; five to six thin, black, postocular bristles present, two to three bristles strongly proclinate with apices well forward of posterior margin of eye, at least 1 / 3 distance to ocellar tubercle. Thorax: Prothorax brown tomentose medially, brownish­gray to gray laterally; bristles black. Mesonotum mostly brown tomentum dorsally, narrow sides yellowish­gray, more yellow anteriorly and posteriorly; vestiture mostly brown; longest anterior setae about as long as scape; two to three long, stout dorsocentral bristles well behind transverse suture, setae in row much shorter and thinner than bristles; four lateral bristles present. Scutellum yellow tomentose dorsally, gray apically; with scattered white setae. Pleuron yellowish­ gray to gray tomentose with scattered white setae; katatergal bristles yellow, anepimeral bristle black. Halter yellow to reddish­yellow. Wing: As Fig. 3 b except as follows: Slightly yellow anteriorly; dense yellow microtrichose. Crossvein r­m at middle of cell d, as long as CuA 1 + M 3. Cell m 1 1.0: 2.5: 2.3. Leg: Coxae and trochanters black, former gray tomentose with white to slightly yellow vestiture. Femora yellow with small apical spots or narrow apex black, bristles mostly or entirely black, long ventral setae usually yellow; one to two setae below fore and middle femora black. Middle femur without preapical posteroventral bristle. Hind femur with five to six short posteroventral bristles on apical 1 / 2, anterior basal and two basal posteroventral bristles yellow; HFWLR 1.0: 5.0. Tibiae yellow; narrow apex of middle and hind tibiae black; bristles usually black; fore and middle tibiae with three yellow lateral bristles; apical tubercle absent on hind tibia. Tarsi dark brown, basal 1 / 3 or more of basal three tarsomeres and narrow bases of apical two tarsomeres yellow; all tarsi with sparse yellow bristles. Abdomen: Dark brown with light apical margins; tomentum mostly gray with white setae, terga 2 to 8 dorsally mostly brown tomentose with abundant black setae, base and narrow sides gray with white setae. Terminalia (Figs. 45 – 49): Brown. Epandrium uniformly wide, dorsal margin slightly oblique, notched apically with hooklike process. Gonostylus distinctive. Distiphallus sigmoid, prominent carina present ventrally; epiphallus wide, raised dorsally, notched apically. Gonocoxite short in lateral view, apex wide and truncate in ventral view. Hypandrium narrowed apically, apex subtruncate. Female. Differs as follows: Body 10.3 mm; wing 7.1 mm; FHWR 1.0: 4.0; FWLR 1.0: 2.1; cell m 1 WR 1.0: 2.0: 1.7; HFWLR 1.0: 5.0. Head: Face abundant black bristles. Postocular bristles extend to mid lateral margin of eye; longest bristle extends forward about 1 / 2 distance to ocellar tubercle. Thorax: Mesothorax with three black katatergal bristles. Wing: Cell r 5 with base just beyond apex of cell d and wide with vein R 4 strongly arched forward. Crossvein r­m about twice as long as CuA 1 + M 3. Leg: Fore and middle femora ventrally black with rows of long black setae. Hind femur with only black bristles. Tibiae laterally with mostly black bristles, anterior two tibiae with two to three yellow bristles. Tarsi with black bristles except one yellow on fore tarsus. Abdomen: Tergum 8 shiny black laterally, brown tomentum medially; thin black bristles present apically. Sterna 7 and 8 with black vestiture. Terminalia (Figs. 51 – 54): Tergum 9 membranous dorsally. Sternum 8 red apically; lateroapical margin broadly membranous. Spermatheca wide apically, narrow basally, surface smooth. Genital fork distinctive. Type material. Holotype M, MALAWI: SE 1334 DC, Senga Bay, 20 km NE of Salima [13 ° 47 ’ S 34 ° 26 ’ E], 7 – 8. iii. 1987, woodland on hill behind hotel, J. and A. Londt, (NMSA). Paratype 1 F, same data as holotype (NMSA). Etymology. Latin hamulus for small hook, referring to the shape of the ventroapical corner of the epandrium. Distribution (Tables 1, 2; Fig. 193). Known from the type locality; collected in March. Remarks. Afroestricus hamulus differs from congeners by the characters in the key and terminalia (Figs. 45 – 54), especially the prominently hooked apical margin of the epandrium.	en	Scarbrough Table Of Contents, Aubrey G. (2005): Afroestricus, a new Afrotropical Ommatine (Diptera: Asilidae) genus with twenty species and two species groups. Zootaxa 1041 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1041.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1041.1.1
B56026203577FFE6FEC7FEEC6394FB85.taxon	description	Figs. 55 – 64, 193 Male. Black. Body 10.3 – 11.7 mm; wing 7.4 – 8.1 mm. Head: Face yellowish­gray to yellow tomentose, darkest dorsally; vestiture on dorsal 2 / 3 usually sparse, entirely black, that below abundant, entirely or mostly yellow, seven to eight long, black bristles present; FHWR 1.0: 3.7 – 1.0: 4.7. Antenna reddish­brown to black; black setose, scape with longest ventral setae slightly longer than flagellum; flagellum as long as scape; FWLR 1.0: 2.0. Frons brownish­yellow tomentose, longest setae as long as scape and pedicel combined. Occiput yellowish­gray, darker yellow dorsally; setae mostly yellow or white, sometimes sparse black setae dorsally; row of thin, black, postocular bristles extends near or to midlateral margin of eye; longest bristle with apex well beyond posterior margin of eye, about 1 / 2 distance to ocellar tubercle. Thorax: Pronotum yellowish­gray to brownish­yellow tomentose, bristles black. Mesonotum mostly yellow tomentose, two brown paramedical stripes and two lateral brown present, tomentum on sides and posteriorly yellowish­gray; setae mostly long and black, anterior dorsocentral setae at least as long as scape; pale setae present laterally and between rows of dorsocentral bristles posteriorly; long, thin, dorsocentral bristles present near postpronotum, four lateral and all dorsocentral bristles. Scutellum yellowish­gray to yellow tomentose with yellow setae, black marginal bristles, and a preapical groove. Pleuron yellow to yellowish­gray tomentose; sparse setae, bristles, and halter, yellow. Wing: As Fig. 3 a except as follows: Cell r 4 with base at or just beyond apex of cell d. Cell m 1 WR 1.0: 3.0: 3.2 – 1.0: 4.5: 4.1. Leg: Coxae and trochanters black, yellowish­gray tomentose with yellow vestiture. Femora mostly black, apical 1 / 4 to 1 / 3 usually yellow, sometimes middle and hind femora with apical 1 / 2 to 3 / 4 dorsally and, or posteriorly yellow; femora ventrally with abundant, long, yellow setae. Fore femur with row of ventral setae yellow. Middle femur with yellow posterodorsal preapical bristle. Hind femur with mostly yellow bristles, one to three black bristles sometimes present ventrally, one specimen with all anteroventral bristles black; HFWLR 1.0: 4.2 – 1.0: 4.4. Tibiae yellow with apex black; hind tibia often black on apical 2 / 3 anteriorly; bristles yellow and black mixed; hind tibia without an apical tubercle. Tarsi with base of apical four tarsomeres yellow; basal tarsomere mostly yellow, narrow apex black; all tarsi with yellow bristles laterally. Abdomen: Black, mostly yellowish­gray tomentose with yellow laterally, slightly brown on basal terga, becoming increasingly darker on apical segments; setae mostly yellow, sparse black setae on terga 2 to 3, becoming more abundant on terga medially on terga 4 to 8; unusual stout bristles on apical segments absent. Terminalia (Figs. 55 – 60): Black, apical margins red. Epandrium with wide, shallow notch dorsally and apically. Gonostylus distinctive. Distiphallus horizontal, apex narrow, pointed dorsally; epiphallus narrow apically; ejaculatory apodeme with a narrow. Gonocoxite apically rounded in lateral view, far short of epandrium apex. Hypandrium slightly triangular. Female. Differs as follows: Body 10.7 – 11.4 mm; wing 7.7 – 8.0 mm; FHWR 1.0: 1.6 – 1.0: 2.2; FHWR 1.0: 3.7 – 1.0: 3.9; HFWLR 1.0: 5.3 – 1.0: 6.2. Body: Tomentum of head, thorax and abdomen darker yellow than in male. Head: Face with golden yellow tomentum grading to brownish­yellow dorsally. Wing: Vein CuA 1 + M 3 fused for very short distance. Abdomen: Terga 2 to 8 with widely distributed and abundant black setae. Apical segments with stout, black and yellow bristles. Tergum 8 membranous basally. Terminalia (Figs. 61 – 64): Tergum 9 entirely sclerotized, 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 as long as cercus. Sternum 8 wider apically than basally; diagonal row of thick bristles present laterally. Spermatheca smooth, base and apex wide. Genital fork distinctive. Type material. Holotype M, UGANDA: 11 mi SE of Mbarara [0 ° 37 ’ S 30 ° 39 ’ E], 1350 m, 6. xii. 57, E. S. Ross and R. E. Leech (CASC). Paratypes: 1 F, same data as holotype (CASC); 1 M, 1 F, same data, collectors (CASC); 1 M, same location and collectors as holotype, xii. 57 (CASC). RWANDA: 1 M, Gabiro Kagero Park, 1325 m, 8. xii. 57, E. S. Ross and R. E. Leech (CASC). KENYA: 1 M, British East Africa, Kuja Valley, South Kavirondo [eastern shore of Lake Victoria], 4000 ft, 30. iv – 1. v. 1911, male terminalia slide S. 57 A, S. V. Neave (BMNH); 1 M, 1 ° 31 ’ S 36 ° 25 ’ E, Masai Mara Game Res, Kemerok Lodge, 9. vi. 1994 alt. 1600 m, P. A. and D. H. Wieringa­Brant (ZMAN). Etymology. Latin insectaris for to chase`or to pursue, referring to the flies predaceous habits. Distribution (Tables 1, 2; Fig. 193). Known from a few locations in Kenya, Rwanda, and Uganda; collected between 1100 and 1600 meters during December, April, and May. Remarks. In addition to the characters in the key and the terminalia (Figs. 55 – 64), A. insectaris differs from congeners with black femora in that the apices are yellow.	en	Scarbrough Table Of Contents, Aubrey G. (2005): Afroestricus, a new Afrotropical Ommatine (Diptera: Asilidae) genus with twenty species and two species groups. Zootaxa 1041 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1041.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1041.1.1
B56026203571FFE4FEC7FB466462FC3A.taxon	description	Figs. 65 – 70, 194 Male. Black. Body 10.3 – 13.5 mm; wing 7.6 – 8.4 mm. Head: Face slightly brownishyellow tomentose on dorsal 1 / 2, yellowish below; mostly black setose on dorsal 2 / 3, yellow below; four to six long, black bristles present; FHWR 1.0: 3.7 – 1.0: 4.2. Antenna black, longest ventral setae slightly longer than scape; flagellum slender, 1.4 times as long as scape; FWLR 1.0: 2.9. Frons brownish­yellow tomentose, more yellow dorsally; longest seta slightly longer than scape. Occiput yellow tomentose, lightest ventrally; 9 to 11 black, thick postocular bristles present dorsally, extending to midlateral margin of head; bristles proclinate, longest about 1 / 3 distance toward cellar tubercle. Thorax: Dark brown to black. Pronotum brownish­yellow tomentose with black bristles. Mesonotum with two narrow tomentose stripes dorsally and two small spots laterally, brown; tomentum anteriorly more yellow, yellowish­gray posteriorly; setae mostly black, long with anterior setae as long as to slightly longer than scape; five to six dorsocentral and four lateral bristles quite long and black; anterior most dorsocentral bristle thin and at transverse suture. Scutellum yellow tomentose with sparse yellow setae, black marginal bristles, and preapical groove. Pleuron yellow tomentose, darkest anteriorly, lightest posteriorly, with sparse yellow vestiture; anepimeral bristle black; halter knob reddish. Wing: As Fig. 3 a except as follows. Cell m 1 WR 1.0: 3.7: 3.8. Leg: Coxae and trochanter black, former yellowish tomentose with mostly yellow vestiture. Femora and tibiae yellow except as follows: narrow apex of middle and hind femora and fore and middle tibiae; hind tibia with apical 1 / 2 brown anteriorly; abundant long yellow setae present below fore and middle femora; only black bristles present. Middle femur without preapical, posteroventral bristle. Hind femur with posteroventral bristles arched posteriorly: HFWLR 1.0: 3.6 – 1.0: 4.3. Hind tibia with apical tubercle. Tarsomeres of fore and middle tarsi with narrow base yellow; basal tarsomere mostly yellow, narrow apex brown; hind tarsus mostly brown, basal 1 / 2 of basal tarsomere yellowish­brown. Tarsal bristles mostly black, three to four yellow on fore and middle tarsi. Abdomen: Mostly gray to yellowish­gray tomentose with yellow setae; terga 6 to 8 slightly brownish­yellow tomentose with mostly black setae; terga 4 to 5 with sparse to numerous black setae medially. Terminalia (Figs. 65 – 70): Dark brown to blackish, reddish­yellow to yellow apically. Epandrium much wider apically than basally, W­shaped notch dorsoapically. Gonostylus distinctive. Distiphallus wide apically in lateral view, apex dorsally with surface pustules, ventral surface strongly undulated carina; epiphallus evenly rounded apically with a minute notch medially; base of epiphallus truncate ventrally. Gonocoxite as long as epandrium, narrow and pointed apically in lateral view, curved about 180 o, apex wide and truncate in ventral view. Hypandrium broadly rounded apically. Female. Unknown. Type material. Holotype M, UGANDA: Medi Opei [3 ° 36 ’ 54 ” N 33 ° 00 ’ 47 ” E], 16. viii. 1958, J. Bowden (BMNH). Paratype: 1 M, KENYA: Kuja Valley, S. Kavirondo [eastern shore of Lake Victoria], 4500 ft, 30. vi – 1. vii. 1911, S. A. Neave (BMNH). Etymology. The species name kimerus, a noun in apposition, refers to Kimera of Unyoro, a prodigious hunter and the first King of Buganda. Distribution (Tables 1, 2; Fig. 194). Known from one location in Kenya and Uganda; collected at about 1300 meters during June, July, and August. Remarks. Afroestricus kimerus differs from congeners by the characters in the key and terminalia (Figs. 65 – 70), especially the long, flat, apically truncate, gonocoxal process and doubled notched dorsal margin of the epandrium.	en	Scarbrough Table Of Contents, Aubrey G. (2005): Afroestricus, a new Afrotropical Ommatine (Diptera: Asilidae) genus with twenty species and two species groups. Zootaxa 1041 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1041.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1041.1.1
B56026203573FFD9FEC7FBB4664DFE82.taxon	description	Figs. 71 – 80, 194	en	Scarbrough Table Of Contents, Aubrey G. (2005): Afroestricus, a new Afrotropical Ommatine (Diptera: Asilidae) genus with twenty species and two species groups. Zootaxa 1041 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1041.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1041.1.1
B56026203573FFD9FEC7FBB4664DFE82.taxon	description	Redescription, male. Black. Body 11.2 mm; wing 8.8 mm. Head: Face yellow tomentose with abundant black setae and bristles on dorsal 1 / 2, mostly yellow ventrally; FHWR 1.0: 3.5. Antenna black; flagellum + style absent; several, long setae below scape as long as or longer than scape and pedicel. Frons yellowish­brown to reddish­brown tomentose; setae longer than scape and pedicel combined. Occiput mostly yellowish­gray tomentose with yellow to white setae; row of 11 to 12 thin, black, postocular bristles extending to or just before midlateral margin of eye; longest bristles strongly proclinate, apices just before ocellar tubercle posteriorly. Thorax: Pronotum brown tomentose, darkest dorsally, with black bristles. Mesonotum mostly brown tomentose dorsally, narrow median stripes and lateral spots obscure, yellow laterally and posterior; vestiture mostly black, sparse pale setae present laterally above wing and posteriorly between dorsocentral bristles; postpronotal setae black; anterior acrostichal setae as long as scape and pedicel combined; long dorsocentral setae and bristles extend forward well beyond transverse suture, shortest of these 2 / 3 as long as and much thinner than first notopleural bristle, longer and thicker bristles in row posteriorly; four lateral bristles present. Scutellum yellowish­gray tomentose with mostly yellow setae, two black marginal bristles, and a prominent preapical groove. Pleuron yellow tomentose anteriorly, grading to yellowish­gray posteriorly, with mostly long yellow setae; anepisternite with scattered black setae posteriorly; anepimeral bristle black. Halter yellow. Wing: As Fig. 3 a except as follows. Cell m 1 WR 1.0: 3.0: 3.8. Leg: Coxae and trochanter black, former yellow tomentum and pale yellow to white vestiture. Femora black with abundant, long yellow setae ventrally, especially fore and middle femora. Middle femur with long, black bristles anteriorly and anteroventrally. Hind femur with black bristles ventrally, at least two to three yellow bristles anteriorly; HFWLR 1.0: 3.3. Tibiae mostly brown to black, narrow anterior or posterior, and base yellow to brownish­yellow. Hind tibia with a prominent apical tubercle. Tarsi brown to black with mostly black bristles, three to four yellow bristles present on fore and middle tarsi. Abdomen: Black with mostly gray tomentum and pale yellow or white setae; terga 5 to 8 dorsally slightly brown tomentose with scattered black setae along apical margin; setae moderately long and thin laterally on each tergum. Terminalia (71 – 76): Mostly black, narrowly yellow brown to red apically. Epandrium wide apically, apex broadly emarginate with raised corners in lateral view. Gonostylus distinctive. Distiphallus horizontal, narrow; epiphallus flat anteriorly, narrow dorsally, lateral extension short; ejaculatory apodeme thick, lateral flanges absent. Gonocoxite short laterally. Hypandrium broadly rounded apically. Female. Differs as follows: Body 8.6 mm; wing 6.8 mm; FHWR 1.0: 4.2; HFWLR 1.0: 4.7. Head: Face with mostly black setae and bristles, yellow along ventral margin only. Post ocular bristles extend to midlateral margin of eye. Thorax: Katatergite with one to two black bristles. Leg: Setae below femora not unusually abundant. Hind femur basally with two to three yellow posteroventral bristles. Hind tibia without apical tubercle. Abdomen: Terga mostly black setose; apical segments with yellow or black bristles. Terminalia (Figs. 77 – 80): Tergum 9 entirely sclerotized, about 1 / 3 as long as cerci. Sternum 8 with four to five thin, black bristles laterally. Spermatheca smooth, base and apex wide. Genital fork distinctive, base narrowly sclerotized medially. Type specimens examined: ERITREA: 1 M syntype, Male symbol ~ Typus [red label ~ ERITREA: ADI­UGRI, viii­ 1909, D. A. Andreini ~ 1961 [diamond­shaped label with parallel blue lines and one purple through the number 196 ~ Ommatius macroscelis n. sp. (MZUF); 1 F syntype, labels identical except label designating sex absent (MZUF). Distribution (Tables 1, 2; Fig. 194). Known from type locality; captured in August. Remarks. Afroestricus macroscelis differs from congeners by the combined characters of black femora, thin proclinate bristles, and terminalia (Figs. 71 – 80). The species has a distinctive terminalia that is not easily confused with any other species with black femora. Although both A. macroscelis and A. abyssinia have long, thin, proclinate postocellar bristles and a wide, shallow apical notched epandrium, the black femora and combined characters of the terminalia separate the species. The male type lacks the flagellum + pedicel, middle and hind right legs, and numerous setae and bristles of the mesonotum. The tomentum pattern of the mesonotum is also obscure but it otherwise is in good condition. The female is slightly teneral and in poor condition. The flagellum + pedicel is absent; the right eye has a hole on the dorsal surface; the dorsal vestiture of the mesonotum is absent; the wings are wrinkled; and the abdomen is glued to the thorax. The syntype male is selected lectotype to stabilize the status of the species.	en	Scarbrough Table Of Contents, Aubrey G. (2005): Afroestricus, a new Afrotropical Ommatine (Diptera: Asilidae) genus with twenty species and two species groups. Zootaxa 1041 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1041.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1041.1.1
B5602620354EFFDDFEC7FE4C63EBFE22.taxon	description	Figs. 81 – 90, 194	en	Scarbrough Table Of Contents, Aubrey G. (2005): Afroestricus, a new Afrotropical Ommatine (Diptera: Asilidae) genus with twenty species and two species groups. Zootaxa 1041 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1041.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1041.1.1
B5602620354EFFDDFEC7FE4C63EBFE22.taxon	description	Redescription, male. Brown with mostly gray tomentum and white to pale yellow vestiture. Body 6.3 – 7.7 mm; wing 4.9 – 6.3 mm. Head: Face ventrally, yellowish­gray tomentose with pale yellow or white vestiture, six to seven long brown bristles and sparse brown setae present dorsally; FWLR 1.0: 4.5 – 1.0: 5.4. Antenna with basal two segments yellow to light brownish­yellow and black setae; flagellum brown, as long as scape; longest ventral seta as long as flagellum or scape; FWLR 1.0: 1.1 – 1.0: 1.7. Frons brownishyellow tomentose; setae slightly longer than scape. Occiput brown tomentose behind ocellar tubercle, yellowish­gray to gray tomentose, ocellar tubercle brown posteriorly; setae white to pale yellow, sparse black setae often present; six to nine black postocular bristles present, longest bristle proclinate, tip about 1 / 2 distance to ocellar tubercle. Thorax: Pronotum gray tomentose with black or yellow bristles. Mesonotum mostly yellowish­brown tomentose, two narrow median stripes and two lateral dark spots present, tomentum yellowish­gray to gray laterally and posteriorly; vestiture dark brown or black, pale yellow setae between rows of dorsocentral bristles posteriorly and laterally above wing bases; longest anterior acrostichal setae quite thin, as long as to slightly longer than scape; four or five lateral and six or seven dorsocentral bristles, long and thick, the latter wide spaced, extends forward as a row to postpronotum posteriorly. Scutellum yellow to yellowish­gray tomentose with sparse fine, short yellow setae, two black marginal bristles, and a prominent preapical groove. Pleuron mostly gray tomentose, anepisternite yellow with sparse setae, and one anepimeral and four katatergal long, stout, black bristles. Halter yellow. Wing (Fig. 3 b): Entirely yellow to brownish­yellow microtrichose. Cell r 1 slightly rounded apically; vein R 2 + 3 weakly curved forward. Cell r 4 with base just beyond apex of cell d; vein R 4 only slightly curved anteriorly apically. Crossvein r­m before middle of cell d. Base of cell m 1 cell narrow, wide just beyond base with sides gradually divergent toward wing margin; m 1 WR 1.0: 3.6: 4.0 – 1.0: 4.0: 5.2. Leg: Coxae brown, gray tomentose with abundant long, white setae. Trochanter, femora and tibiae yellow. Fore femur with ventral row of white setae, two to three unusually long. Middle femur without preapical posteroventral bristle. Hind femur with most or all anterior and anteroventral bristles black, one to two bristles sometimes yellow; HFWLR 1.0: 4.9 – 1.0: 5.3. Tibiae with mostly black bristles; fore tibia with two to three yellow lateral bristles; hind tibia with two long black apical bristles. Tarsi mostly yellow with black bristles; apical tarsomere sooty brown; fore tarsus with three, and middle tarsus sometimes with one yellow bristle laterally. Abdomen: Mostly dark brown, apical margins of segments slightly lighter and apical segments usually brownish­yellow to yellow; tomentum mostly gray with white setae, yellow brown dorsally on most terga with black setae. Terminalia (Figs. 81 – 86): Brownish­yellow to yellow. Epandrium wide apically, notched dorsoapically; a broad, W­shaped emargination present; median margin of emargination produced, rectangular in lateral view; ventral corner of emargination hooked. Gonostylus distinctive. Distiphallus horizontal, apex narrow, exposed laterally; epiphallus flat, wide apically. Gonocoxite short, truncate anteriorly. Hypandrium triangular apically. Female. Differs as follows. Body 6.6 – 7.0 mm; wing 5.1 – 5.4 mm. FHWR 1.0: 4.2 – 1.0: 4.8; FWLR 1.0: 1.5 – 1.0: 1.7; m 1 WR 1.0: 3.6: 3.8 – 1.0: 3.8: 3.9; HFWLR 1.0: 5.6 – 1.0: 5.8. Head: Face with numerous black bristles and several black setae dorsally. Postocular bristles strongly proclinate with apex of longest bristles above ocellar tubercle. Wing: Crossvein r­m about 2 / 3 as long as CuA 1 + M 3. Leg: Fore femur with a weak, short, anterior preapical bristle. Fore and middle femora with two to three long, black, ventral setae. Hind femur with two to three unusually thin bristles on basal 1 / 2 posteriorly, usually yellow, sometimes one bristle black. Fore tibia with only black bristles laterally. Fore tarsus with only one yellow bristle. Abdomen: Apical terga with bristly setae and bristles, those in apical corner of tergum 8 thickest and longest. Terminalia (Figs. 87 – 90): Tergum 9 narrow medially, strapelike. Sterna 7 – 8 mostly black setose. Sternum 8 triangular, anterolateral margins membranous. Spermatheca short, horizontal, carrot­shaped, weakly annulate. Genital fork distinctive. Types examined. SOUTH AFRICA: 1 M [holotype Ommatius minutus Bromley], Pretoria [25 ° 43 ’ S 28 ° 16 ’ E], 17. i. 1915, H. K. Munro (NMSA); 1 F [allotype O. minutus Bromley], Pretoria [25 ° 43 ’ S 28 ° 16 ’ E], 31. xii. 1913 (NMSA); 1 F, Pretoria [25 ° 43 ’ S 28 ° 16 ’ E], 25. xii. 11, H. K. Munro ~ Paratype, Ommatius minutus Br (USNM); 1 F, Pretoria [25 ° 43 ’ S 28 ° 16 ’ E], 28. xii. 16, H. K. Munro ~ Paratype, Ommatius minutus Br (USNM). Additional material. BOTSWANA: 1 M, Tsessebe, Bechuanaland, leg. Zumpt, i. 56 (BMNH). MALAWI: 1 F, Nyasaland, Shire River, Blantyre Ncheu road, 27. xi. 58 550 m, E. S. Ross and R. E. Leach (CASC). MALI: 2 F, Coll. Mus. Tervuren, Mali: R. C. T. ­ MPesoba, 8. ix. 1970, G. Pierrand (MRAC). NAMIBIA, 1 M, SW Africa (W 39), Kombat, 16 – 17. ii. 1972 (BMNH). SOUTH AFRICA: 1 M, Transvaal, Kruger Park, 9. xii. 1972, Shongile Borehole nr. Letaba [23 ° 55 ’ 25 ” S 30 ° 07 ’ 33 ” E], tree trunks and water edge, Stuckenberg Family 2331 Cd (NMSA); 1 M, 3 F, South Africa: Transvaal, [25 ° 0 ’ S 31 ° 7 ’ E], 6. i. 1970, Mazithi dam grassland, 10 km north of Tshokwane, B and P. Stuckenberg 2431 Db (NMSA); 1 F, South Africa: Transvaal, 2331 Dc, Letaba [23 ° 55 ’ 25 ” S 30 ° 07 ’ 33 ” E] Camp xii. 1972, on tree trunks, Stuckenberg Family (NMSA); 2 M, South Africa: Transvaal, 9. xii. 1972, Shongile Borehole nr. Letaba [23 ° 55 ’ 25 ” S 30 ° 07 ’ 33 ” E], tree trunks and waters edge, Stuckenberg Family 2331 Cd (NMSA); 1 F, South Africa: Transvaal, Kruger Park [25 ° 0 ’ S 31 ° 7 ’ E], 9. xii. 1972 Mazithi dam grassland, 10 km north of Tshokwane, B and P. Stuckenberg 2431 Db (NMSA); 1 F, South Africa: Natal, Goedhoek nr. Babanago, 28 ° 23 ’ 5 S: 30 ° 05 ’ E, 24. iii. 1990, P. E. Reavell (NMSA); 2 M, 2 F, Sth [South] Africa: Cape Prov, 35 km W. Kimberley [28 ° 40 ’ S 24 ° 50 ’ E], 2824 CB 17. iii. 1982, J. Londt and L. Schoeman, Acacia­grass­sand (NMSA); 4 M, 5 F, South Africa: Transvaal, Kruger Park [25 ° 0 ’ S 31 ° 7 ’ E], 9. i. 1974, Bangu Borehole grass, mud, 10 km SE Balule 2431 Bb, B. and P. Stuchenberg (NMSA); 1 F, S. Africa: Transvaal, 37 km N. Louise Trichardt Limpopo Val. [26 ° 32 ’ N 29 ° 16 ’ E], 2229 DD, i. 1975 Struckenberg, arid Bushveld (NMSA); 2 F, South Africa: Transvaal, Kruger Park [25 ° 0 ’ S 31 ° 7 ’ E], 10 km SE Potgietersrus [24 ° 09 ’ S 29 ° 04 ’ E] on Rd to Zedediela 24 – 27. i. 1978 JGH Londt, bushveld (NMSA); 1 F, South Africa: Transvaal, Kruger Park [25 ° 0 ’ S 31 ° 7 ’ E], 37 km N. Louise Trichardt Limpopo Val. [26 ° 32 ’ N 29 ° 16 ’ E], 22290 D, i. 1975, Stuckenberg, arid bushveld (NMSA); 1 F, South Africa: Natal, 25 km E. Louwsburg, 20. ii. 1979, JGH Londt grassy area, near river (NMSA); 1 F, Pretoria [25 ° 43 ’ S 28 ° 16 ’ E], 12. ii. 71, J. M. de W. (NMSA); 2 F, S. Africa: Transvaal, 10 km SE Potgietersrus [24 ° 09 ’ S 29 ° 04 ’ E] on rd to Zebediela 24. i. 1978, J. G. H. Londt Bushveld (NMSA); 1 F, South Africa: Natal, 25 km E. Louwsburg, 20. ii. 1979 grassy, area near river E. (NMSA); 1 F, Pretoria [25 ° 43 ’ S 28 ° 16 ’ E], 10. i. 1932, G. Van Son (NMSA); 1 F, Pretoria [25 ° 43 ’ S 28 ° 16 ’ E], 12. ii. 71, J. Mdeh. (NMSA); 1 F, South Africa: 2229 CA, Transvaal, Alldays [22 ° 39 ’ 51 ” S 29 ° 11 ’ 43 ” E], 25. vi. 78 JGH Londt, bushveld (NMSA); 1 M, 10 F, South Africa: 2427 BA, Bulge River 25 – 30. i. 1978, JGH Londt open, grassveld area (NMSA); 2 M, South Africa: Bosbokrand, 15. xii. 1980, F. Horniball (NMSA); 1 M, South Africa: Dundee [28 ° 14 ’ S 30 ° 16 ’ E], 18. xii. 78, J. G. Theron (NMSA); 1 M, South Africa: 2427 BA, Transv. [Transvaal], Bulge River, 30. i. 1978 JGH Londt, open grassveld area (NMSA); 1 F, South Africa: 2229 CC, Transvaal, Blouberge, 10 km NW Vivo, 25. i. 78, J. G. H. Londt, mountain base, grass, bushveld (NMSA); 4 F, South Africa: Transvaal, 8 km NW Barberton [25 ° 48 ’ S 31 ° 04 ’ E], on Bagolass Rd SE 253000, 6 – 8. vi. 1985 J. Londt, bushveld long grass (NMSA); 1 F, Pretoria [25 ° 43 ’ S 28 ° 16 ’ E], 10. i. 1932, G. Vanson Transvaal Museum (NMSA); 1 F, South Africa: Transvaal, 9. xii. 1972, Shongile Borehole nr. Letaba [23 ° 55 ’ 25 ” S 30 ° 07 ’ 33 ” E], tree trunks and water edge, Stuckenberg Family 233 Kd (NMSA); 1 M, 3 F, South Afica: Transvaal [25 ° 0 ’ S 31 ° 7 ’ E], 6. i. 1974, Mazithi Dam grassland, 10 km North of Tshokwane, B and P Stuchenberg 24310 b (NMSA); 1 F, South Africa: Transvaal, Letaba [23 ° 55 ’ 25 ” S 30 ° 07 ’ 33 ” E], Camp, xii. 1972, on tree trunks, Stuckenberg Family (NMSA); 1 M, South Africa: Natal, Goudhoek nr. Babanango, 28 ° 23 ’ S 31 ° 05 ’ E, 24. ii. 1990, P. E. Reavell (NMSA); 2 M, 7 F, South Africa: 2427 BA, Transv. [Transvaal], Bulge River, 30. i. 1978 JGH Londt, open grassveld area (NMSA); 2 M, Bosbokrand, 15. xii. 1910, F. Honiball (NMSA); 1 F, Dunden 18. xii. 78, J. G. Theron (NMSA); 2 F, 2229 CA Transvaal, Alldays [22 ° 39 ’ 51 ” S 29 ° 11 ’ 43 ” E], 25 – 26. i. 78 JGH Londt, bushveld (NMSA); 1 F, 2229 CC Transvaal, Blouberge, 10 km NW Vivo, 25. i. 78, JGH Londt, Mountain Basegrass, bushveld (NMSA). ZIMBABWE: 2 F, Nyamandhlorn, S. Rhodesia, 6. ii. 1972, Nat. Museum S. Rhodesia, Leg. E. Pinhey (NMZB). Distribution (Tables 1, 2; Fig. 194). Widespread (Botswana, Malawi, Mali, Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe); collected between November and June, in open grassveld, bushveld, and trees along shores bordering rivers. Data label show the species rests on tree trunks, grass, sand, or mud shore lines. Remarks. Afroestricus minutus is distinguished from congeners by its small size and distinctive terminalia (Figs. 81 – 90). It is similar to A. sadaukii but differs in the shorter, wider flagella, yellow to brownish­yellow scape and pedicel, yellow trochanters, the short anterior acrostichal setae, and yellow ventral bristles of the middle and hind femora. Additionally, the spermathecae are short, not recurved, carrotshaped, surface slightly annulated, and the spermathecal duct is attached at the end rather than prebasally.	en	Scarbrough Table Of Contents, Aubrey G. (2005): Afroestricus, a new Afrotropical Ommatine (Diptera: Asilidae) genus with twenty species and two species groups. Zootaxa 1041 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1041.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1041.1.1
B5602620354AFFD3FEC7FDB6658AFA97.taxon	description	Figs. 91 – 100, 194 Male. Brown. Body 7.6 – 9.7 mm; wing 5.7 – 6.3 mm. Head: Face yellowish­gray tomentose, vestiture mostly yellow, 6 – 8 long, black bristles and sparse, dorsal setae present; FHWR 1.0: 3.9 – 1.0: 4.4. Antenna brown, longest ventral seta longer than scape and pedicel combined; flagellum longer than scape; FWLR 1.0: 2.0 – 1.0: 2.8. Frons yellow tomentose; setae longer than scape. Occiput gray tomentose, slightly yellow dorsally, black setae scattered dorsally, setae otherwise white or yellow; six to nine black postocular bristles present, longest with apex at or just behind ocellar tubercle. Thorax: Pronotum brown to brownish­yellow tomentose, yellow or black bristles present. Mesonotum often with two brown spots laterally and narrow tomentose stripes medially, yellow to yellowish­gray tomentose elsewhere; setae mostly black, sparse yellow setae posteriorly between rows of dorsocentral bristles; anterior dorsocentral setae as long as scape; four lateral and four to five dorsocentral bristles present, first long dorsocentral bristle at or just behind transverse suture, anterior bristle thin and short, about 1 / 2 as long as bristles. Scutellum gray tomentose with scattered yellow setae, two black marginal bristles, and prominent preapical groove. Pleuron yellow to yellowish­gray tomentose; sparse setae and katatergal bristles white to yellow; anepimeral bristle black; halter yellow to light red. Wing: As Fig. 3 b except as follows: Cell r 4 with apex of cell d. Crossvein r­m longer than CuA 1 + M 3 when present, cu + m crossvein sometimes present. Cell m 1 1.0: 1.9: 1.7 – 1.0: 2.1: 1.9. Leg: Coxae and trochanters brown; coxae gray tomentose; white to yellowish vestiture present. Femora yellow with small brown spots anteriorly and posteriorly or narrow apex brown; bristles mostly black. Fore femur with row of four to five long, black setae ventrally. Middle femur with long, posteroventral setae, usually few white to yellow, rarely all black. Hind femur with anterior and posteroventral bristles on basal 1 / 3 yellow, these bristles longer than anteroventral bristles, remaining anterior bristles black; posteroventral row of bristles curved posteriorly medially; HFWLR 1.0: 5.0 – 1.0: 5.8. Tibiae yellow, hind tibia with narrow apex brown to black; bristles mostly black. Basal tarsomeres mostly and bases of tarsomeres two to three yellow, otherwise black; bristles mostly black except three or four yellow bristles present on fore and middle tarsi. Abdomen: Brown with narrow apical margin of segments slight lighter; tomentum mostly yellow to yellowish­gray with yellow setae; terga 2 to 8 dorsally mostly brown tomentose with brown setae; sternum 7 with yellow and brown setae. Terminalia (Figs. 91 – 96): Blackish to brown, apical margins narrowly yellow. Epandrium wide apically, oval, dorsoapical notch present with two flat bristles along inner surface. Gonostylus distinctive. Distiphallus sigmoid anteriorly, apex exposed laterally, prominent carina present ventrally; epiphallus wide, flat apically, median apical notch present. Gonocoxite long laterally, anterior corner at or just before apical margin of epandrium. Hypandrium broadly rounded apically. Female. Differs as follows: Body 9.0 mm; wing 6.7 mm; FHWR 1.0: 3.8; FWLR 1.0: 2.0; m 1 WR 1.0: 3.0: 3.0; HFWLR 1.0: 5.5. Thorax: Three dorsocentral bristles present. Wing: Vein R 4 basally moderately arched; r­m crossvein just before or at middle of cell d. Leg: Femora with only black bristles and long setae. Narrow apex of middle and hind tibiae black; yellow bristles as follow: two and one on fore and middle tibiae and fore and middle tarsus, respectively. Abdomen: Apical margin of terga 6 to 8 with thick black bristles, those on tergum 8 longest and thickest; sterna 6 to 7 apically with sparse to several black setae. Terminalia (Figs. 97 – 100): Tergum 9 narrow dorsally, straplike. Sternum 8 narrow apically, four to five black bristles laterally. Spermatheca only slightly enlarged apically, surface with minute annuli; duct at or just before base. Genital fork distinctive. Type material. Holotype M, UGANDA: nr Cholol, 8. viii. 1958, J. Bowden, (BMNH). Paratypes: 1 F, 10 miles south of Kaabora [3 ° 36 ’ 54 ” N 34 ° 08 ’ 10 ” E], 16. viii. 58, J. Bowden, (BMNH); 1 M, Karamoja, Katida [= Kotido 2 ° 56 ’ 16 ” N 34 ° 08 ’ 10 ” E], 12. vii. 58, J. Bowden (BMNH). TANZANIA: 1 M, Old Shinyanga [03 ° 34 ’ S 33 ° 23 ’ E], 21. ii. 56, E. Burtt, (BMNH); 1 M, Mwanza [02 ° 31 ’ S 32 ° 54 ’ E], 18 and 19. i. 1968, D. Gillissen, L. Bloomers (ZMAN). Etymology. Maasi morani, noun in apposition, for warrior. Distribution (Tables 1, 2; Fig. 194). Known from a few localities in Uganda and Tanzania; collected in February, July, and August. Remark. Afroestricus morani is distinguished from congeners by the characters in the key and distinctive terminalia (Figs. 91 – 100). Long black setae below the two anterior femora, mostly black bristles below the hind femur, and slender, recurved spermathecae further separate it from A. minutus.	en	Scarbrough Table Of Contents, Aubrey G. (2005): Afroestricus, a new Afrotropical Ommatine (Diptera: Asilidae) genus with twenty species and two species groups. Zootaxa 1041 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1041.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1041.1.1
B56026203544FFD0FEC7FA5966B5FCCA.taxon	description	Figs. 101 – 110, 194	en	Scarbrough Table Of Contents, Aubrey G. (2005): Afroestricus, a new Afrotropical Ommatine (Diptera: Asilidae) genus with twenty species and two species groups. Zootaxa 1041 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1041.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1041.1.1
B56026203544FFD0FEC7FA5966B5FCCA.taxon	description	Description, male. Body 11.4 – 13.0 mm; wing 8.1 mm. Head: Face yellow tomentose with white setae and 6 – 8 black bristles; FHWR 1.0: 4.8. Antenna with pedicel and scape yellow, flagellum dark brown; FWLR 1.0: 2.5. Frons dull yellow tomentose; lateral setae about as long as scape. Occiput yellowish tomentose, setae yellow to white; 5 to 7 thin, black postocular bristles, tips of longest 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 distance toward ocellar tubercle. Thorax: Pronotum slightly brownish­gray tomentose, bristles yellow. Mesonotum with two narrow stripes medially and two spots laterally, both reddish­brown tomentose, sometimes separated narrowly by yellowish­gray tomentum, otherwise brown tomentum dorsally, sides yellowish­gray; setae mostly brown and short, anterior acrostichal setae about as long as scape; sides with yellow setae; three to four long dorsocentral bristles posterior to transverse suture, dorsocentrals more anteriorly much shorter and thinner; four to five lateral bristles present. Scutellum yellowish­gray tomentose with scattered light setae, a prominent preapical groove, and two marginal bristles. Pleuron mostly gray tomentose, anepisternite yellow; most bristles and setae white; anepimeral bristle black. Halter yellow Wing: As Fig. 3 a except as follows. Cell r 1 narrow apically, apex more pointed with R 2 + 3 curved forward about 50 degrees. Vein R 4 moderately curved forward. CuA 1 + M 3 about as long as r­m crossvein. Cell m 1 WR 1.0: 3.5: 3.4. Leg: Fore coxa yellow, middle and hind coxae and trochanters brown; coxae gray tomentose with white setae. Femora yellow, narrow apex of middle and hind femora brown; black bristles present. Middle femur without preapical posteroventral bristle. Hind femur strongly swollen, concave ventrally with pronounced mound which bears a row of numerous, close spaced bristles that curves posteriorly on the basal 1 / 3; bristles bordered with numerous short, black setae; HFWLR 1.0: 3.1. Tibiae yellow except narrow apex and apical 1 / 2 anteriorly of hind tibia; only black bristles present; hind tibia with flat, black, apical spurlike bristle. Tarsi with all basal tarsomere mostly and at least narrow base of remaining tarsomeres on the fore and middle tarsi yellow, apex of basal tarsomeres light to dark brown; tarsomeres otherwise brown; fore and middle tarsi with four yellow bristles respectively, bristles otherwise black. Abdomen: Mostly yellowish­gray tomentose with yellowish setae; terga dorsally brownish with black setae. Terminalia (Figs. 101 – 106): Brown. Epandrium with narrow, deep notch dorsoapically. Gonostylus distinctive. Distiphallus short, slightly sigmoid, apex exposed laterally; epiphallus narrow. Gonocoxite long in lateral view, apex at or just before ventrolateral corner of epandrium. Hypandrium broadly rounded. Female. Differs as follows. Body 11.1 mm; wing 8.6 mm; FHWR 1.0: 4.9, FWLR 1.0: 2.9; cell m 1 WR 1.0: 6.5: 6.5; HFWLR 1.0: 5.2. Body tomentum stronger yellow than in male. Thorax: Scutellum with a weak preapical groove. Halter knob red, stalk yellow. Leg: Fore femur with a weak anterior preapical bristle, only slightly thicker than nearest bristle. Middle femur with five to six long, thin, anteroventral bristles. Hind femur not swollen, without a basoventral mound or ventral concavity; posteroventral row of bristles aligned longitudinally. Fore tibia and fore tarsus with two yellow bristles laterally. Abdomen: Tergum 8 mostly reddish, basally more dark brown; surface subshiny, tomentum sparse or absent; two stout black bristles in apical corner. Sternum 7 with four stout black brsitles. Terminalia (Figs. 107 – 110): Tergum 9 about 1 / 3 as long as cercus, mostly sclerotized, membranous posteriorly. Sternum 8 black setose, sparse bristly setae laterally. Spermatheca annulate, only slightly larger apically. Genital fork distinctive. Specimens examined. 1 M, MADAGASCAR: N, Ramena 10. vi. 1991, A. Friedberg and Fini Kaplan (NMSA); 1 M, Madagascar NW, Nosybe Forest, SE Lakobe Res, 5. iv. 1991, A. Friedberg and Fini Kaplan, (NMSA); 1 F, Madagascar N.? Diego Suarez [= Antsiranana 12 ° 20 ’ 14 ” S 49 ° 10 ’ 58 ” E], Montagne de Francaise, 12. iv. 1991, A. Friedberg and Fini Kaplan (NMSA); 1 M, 1 F, Madagascar, Oriental Forest Dist, Tanvanoa betw. Tamatave [= Toamasina] and Tananarine [= Antananarivo] 1. v. 1937, C. Lamberton (USNM); 1 F, Madagascar, Tananarine [= Antananarivo 18 ° 51 ’ 47 ” S 47 ° 36 ’ 39 ” E], iv. 1949 (CASC); 1 M, 5 F, Madagascar, Oriental Forest, Fanovana [= Fanovano 18 ° 15 ’ 00 ” S 48 ° 34 ’ 0 ” E], Tamatave District [date, collector?] (ANSP). Distribution (Tables 1, 2; Fig. 194). Collected in northern Madagascar from April to June. Remarks. Afroestricus persuasus is distinguished from congeners by the yellow fore coxa, characters in the key and distinctive terminalia (Figs. 101 – 110). The male is further recognized by the swollen hind femur and the numerous, close­spaced, posteroventral bristles on basal 1 / 3 of the hind femur which are bordered dorsally by abundant, short, black setae. Presently, A. persuasus is the only known species of Afroestricus in Madagascar.	en	Scarbrough Table Of Contents, Aubrey G. (2005): Afroestricus, a new Afrotropical Ommatine (Diptera: Asilidae) genus with twenty species and two species groups. Zootaxa 1041 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1041.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1041.1.1
B56026203547FFD6FEC7FC8466F9F8AE.taxon	description	Figs. 111 – 120, 194 Male. Brown. Body 7.4 – 7.7 mm; wing 5.0 – 5.1 mm. Head: Face gray tomentose, slightly yellow dorsally; four to six long brown bristles and sparse brown setae present; vestiture white ventally; FHWR 1.0: 4.6 – 1.0: 4.8. Antenna brown, longest ventral setae as long as three antennomeres; flagellum about as long as scape, FWLR 1.0: 1.9 – 1.0: 2.0. Frons yellow tomentose; setae as long as scape. Occiput yellowish­gray tomentose, dorsal setae yellow, ventral setae white; seven to eight black, proclinate, postocular bristles present dorsally, longest bristle with tip at 1 / 3 distance from posterior margin of eye to ocellar tuberce. Thorax: Pronotum yellow tomentose with yellow bristles. Mesonotum with two narrow brown stripes medially and two spots laterally; tomentum yellow yellowish­gray elsewhere; unusually thick, black setae anteriorly, 2 / 3 to 3 / 4 as long as scape and pedicel combined; yellow setae posteriorly between rows of dorsocentral bristles; four lateral and four to five dorsocentral bristles present, quite long and thick, the latter wide spaced with first dorsocentral bristle well before transverse suture [just behind postpronotum]. Scutellum yellowish­gray tomentose with scattered white setae, two black bristles, and preapical groove. Pleuron yellow tomentose anteriorly, gray posteriorly with scattered long, thin, white setae anteriorly; katatergal bristles white, anepimeral bristle black. Halter red. Wing: As Fig. 3 b except as follows: Crossvein r­m about as long as CuA 1 + M 3. Cell m 1 WR 1.0: 2.5: 3.0 – 1.0: 5.1: 5.7. Leg: Coxae and trochanter brown, former gray tomentose with white vestiture. Femora yellow with small brown spots anteriorly and posteriorly, at most narrow apex brown; anterior bristles on all femora and posteroventral bristles on apical 1 / 2 of hind femur black, sometimes one to two ventral setae black. Middle femur without preapical posteroventral bristle. Hind femur sometimes with sparse black anteroventral bristles; HFWLR 1.0: 5.2 – 1.0: 5.7. Tibiae yellow; narrow apex of hind tibia brown; hind tibia without apical spur. Tarsi with basal tarsomeres yellow, narrow apex brown and at least narrow base of remaining tarsomeres yellow; fore and middle tarsi with four and one yellow bristles, respectively. Abdomen: Mostly gray tomentose with white setae; terga 2 to 8 dorsally mostly brown tomentose with brown setae; sterna 7 mostly and 8 entirely brown setose. Terminalia (Figs. 111 – 116): Brown, narrow apex yellow. Epandrium wide apically, Cshaped notch present, corners of notch narrow. Distiphallus slightly sigmoid, apex exposed laterally, with two long, thin, apical setae; ventral spinelike process present basally; epiphallus with distinctive notches laterally and apically. Gonocoxite short laterally, apex truncate ventrally. Hypandrium broadly rounded apically. Female. Differs as follows. Body 11.4 – 11.6 mm; wing 7.9 – 8.1 mm; FHWR 1.0: 6.9 – 1.0: 7.0; FWLR 1.0: 2.0 – 1.0: 2.1; m 1 WR 1.0: 5.2: 5.7 – 1.0: 5.3: 5.8; HFWLR 1.0: 5.4 – 1.0: 5.6. Head: Face with 8 brown bristles. Thorax: Mesonotum with 6 dorsocentral bristles, first at postpronotum posteriorly; tomentum mostly yellow. Wing: Base of cell r 4 beyond apex of cell d. Crossvein r­m much shorter than CuA 1 + M 3. Leg: Middle femur with anteroventral bristles mostly yellow, one to two black. Hind femur with basal one to two bristles in each ventral row yellow, remaining black. Fore and middle tarsi with two and one yellow bristles respectively. Abdomen: All terga brown tomentose and brown setose dorsally; tergum 8 with deep C­shaped emargination dorsally, two contrastingly thick black bristles in each apical corner. Sterna 1 to 5 entirely and base of sternum 6 yellow setose; sterna 7 to 8 brown setose. Terminalia (Figs. 117 – 120): Tergum 8 with wide emargination. Tergum 9 membranous dorsally, narrow and sclerotized laterally. Sternum 8 narrow, uniformly setose, wide transverse band of slightly longer and bristly setae present. Spermatheca smooth, only slightly wider apically than basally, duct attached at or just before base. Genital fork entirely membranous, an obvious base absent. Type material. Holotype M, NIGERIA: N. W. State, Mokwa [19 ° 13 ’ 35 ” N 5 ° 09 ’ 55 ” E] I. A. R, mile 4, 17 – 19. viii. 1970, P. M. Ward ~ sweep from grasses (BMNH). Paratypes: 1 F, same data as holotype (BMNH); 1 M, N. Nigeria, Zaria, Samaru [11 ° 13 ’ 52 ” N 07 ° 38 ’ 08 ” E], 21. vi. 1968. m. v. [mercury vapor] trap, J. C. Deeming, (BMNH); 1 F, Zaria, Sumaru [11 ° 13 ’ 52 ” N 07 ° 38 ’ 08 ” E], NORTH NIGERIA, 14. vii. 1969, J. C. Deeming, (CNCI); 1 F, Zaria, Sumaru [11 ° 13 ’ 52 ” N 07 ° 38 ’ 08 ” E], NORTH NIGERIA, 14. viii. 1969, J. C. Deeming, (CNCI). GHANA: 2 M, 15 mi S of Bimbila [8 ° 46 ’ 57 ” W 0 ° 00 ’ 00 ” E] [Nanumba South District = Wulensi] 3 – 6. ix. 1971, J. A. Gruwell, (BMNH); 2 M, GHANA, 15 mi S of Bimbila [Nanumba South District = Wulensi], 3 – 6. ix. 1971, J. A. Gruwell, (BMNH). Etymology. Hausa language sadaukii, noun in apposition, for bold warrior. Distribution (Tables 1, 2; Fig. 194). Found in a few localities in Ghana and northern Nigeria; collected in July­August and November Remarks. Afroestricus sadaukii differs from congeners by the characters in the key and the combined characters of the terminalia (Figs. 111 – 120). It is further distinguished by the stout anterior acrostichal setae which are about as long as the pedicel and scape combined; four to five long, wide spaced, dorsocentral bristles, the first being well anterior to the transverse suture, and the presence of mostly or entirely yellow bristles below the middle and hind femora.	en	Scarbrough Table Of Contents, Aubrey G. (2005): Afroestricus, a new Afrotropical Ommatine (Diptera: Asilidae) genus with twenty species and two species groups. Zootaxa 1041 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1041.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1041.1.1
B56026203542FFCBFEC7FEEC659DFD32.taxon	description	Figs. 121 – 130, 195 Male. Body 12.2 – 14.2 mm; wing 7.8 – 8.8 mm. Head: Tomentum and setae mostly yellowish. Head: Face with six to eight black bristles, sometimes sparse black setae dorsally; FHWR 1.0: 4.5 – 1.0: 4.8. Antenna brownish­yellow, scape blackish, longest ventral seta as long as scape; flagellum long and narrow, 1.5 X as long as scape; FWLR 1.0: 3.0 – 1.0: 3.8. Frons yellowish tomentose; setae slightly longer than scape. Occiput gray tomentose with white setae; seven to 12 strong postocular bristles present dorsally, bristles short, thick, and usually black, each slightly curved forward with tip before margin of eye anteriorly. Thorax: Pronotum with black bristles and mixed black and yellow setae. Mesonotum with two narrow median brown tomentose stripes and two lateral spots, stripes separated by brownish­yellow tomentum, tomentum otherwise yellow to yellowish­gray; setae mostly black, abundant anteriorly, laterally, and between rows of dorsocentral bristles, anterior setae slightly longer than scape; row of six to seven long dorsocentral setae and bristles extending well before transverse suture, anterior setae shorter and much thinner, about 2 / 3 as long as bristles; five long, thick, bristles present laterally. Scutellum gray tomentose with yellow setae, black marginal bristles, and preapical groove. Pleuron mostly gray tomentose, anepisternite yellowish; setae mostly yellow; one black or yellow anepimeral bristle present. Halter yellow with a red knob. Wing: As Fig. 3 a except as follows. Crossvein r­m beyond middle of cell d, much longer than CuA 1 + M 3 when present, m­cu sometimes present. Cell m 1 WR 1.0: 3.3: 3.3 – 1.0: 3.9: 1.0: 4.0. Leg: Coxae and trochanters black, former gray tomentose with abundant pale yellow vestiture. Femora yellow with stout black bristles; narrow apex of middle femur sometimes and hind femur always brown. Middle femur with one posteroventral bristle preapically. Hind femur with posteroventral row of bristles arched posteriorly; HFWLR 1.0: 3.4 – 1.0: 3.7. Tibiae yellow with mostly black bristles; apex of hind tibia brown. Tarsi yellow with mostly black bristles, apex of basal two tarsomeres of tarsi and at least apical 1 / 2 of apical three tarsomeres brown; fore and middle tarsi with sparse yellow bristles. Abdomen: Mostly gray tomentose, terga mostly brown tomentose; segments 7 and 8 reddish, sparse tomentose dorsally, dense laterally. Setae mostly white, sparse to abundant black setae present on apical three to four terga. Terminalia (Figs. 121 – 126): Yellowish­brown with yellow apical margins. Cerci short, slightly longer than wide. Epandrium apically slightly wider than basally, widest medially; apex with rounded in lateral view; dorsal margin notched medially; apical margin with long, dense, yellow setae. Gonostylus distinctive. Distiphallus horizontal, weakly undulant ventrally; epiphallus narrow dorsally. Gonocoxite narrow apically, pointed apex at apical margin of epandrium. Hypandrium round apically. Female. Differs as follows: Body 11.6 – 14.2 mm; wing 7.8 – 9.3 mm; FHWR 1.0: 3.8 – 1.0: 3.9; FWLR 1.0: 3.5 – 1.0: 4.4; m 1 WR 1.0: 2.8: 3.0 – 1.0: 4.3: 4.5; HFWLR 1.0: 4.7 – 1.0: 4.9. Head: Facial vestiture less dense. Thorax: Halter entirely yellow. Leg: Femora slender. Abdomen: Apical three to four segments with two to four bristles along apical margin; bristles unusually stout, black or yellow. Terminalia (Figs. 127 – 130): Brown. Tergum 9 entirely sclerotized, about 1 / 2 as long as circus. Spermatheca smooth, slightly wider apically. Genital fork distinctive. Type material. Holotype M, GHANA [= Gold Coast]: N. Territories, Yapi [Yapei? 9 ° 09 ’ 58 ” N 1 ° 09 ’ 27 ” W], ix – xi. 1915, Dr. J. J. Simpson (BMNH). Paratypes: 4 M, 8 F, same data as holotype (BMNH); 1 M, Gold Coast, N. Territories, xi. 1915, Dr. J. J. Simpson [male terminalia, slide 52] (BMNH). Etymology. Akan sankofa, noun in apposition, for a mythical bird that flies forward with its head turned posteriorly. The bird symbolizes the fact that the past serves as a guide for the future. Distribution (Tables 1, 2; Fig. 195). Known only from the type locality; collected from September to Novenber. Remarks. Afroestricus sankofa is distinguished from congeners by the characters in the key and terminalia (Figs. 121 – 130). It is most similar to A. vorax but lacks the dorsoapical notch on the epandrium.	en	Scarbrough Table Of Contents, Aubrey G. (2005): Afroestricus, a new Afrotropical Ommatine (Diptera: Asilidae) genus with twenty species and two species groups. Zootaxa 1041 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1041.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1041.1.1
B5602620355CFFC3FEC7FCB1631EFC6A.taxon	description	Figs. 131 – 140, 195	en	Scarbrough Table Of Contents, Aubrey G. (2005): Afroestricus, a new Afrotropical Ommatine (Diptera: Asilidae) genus with twenty species and two species groups. Zootaxa 1041 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1041.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1041.1.1
B5602620355CFFC3FEC7FCB1631EFC6A.taxon	description	Redescription, male. Brown, yellow to yellowish­gray tomentose, setae brown. Measurements, body 12.1 – 20.6 mm; wing 8.8 – 11.6 mm. Head: Face moderately gibbose with mostly yellow vestiture, dorsal setae brown, 6 to 8 brown bristles in two vertical rows present; FHWR 1.0: 4.0 – 1.0: 4.3. Palps yellow setose. Antenna, frons, and ocellar tubercle brown setose. Flagellum slightly longer than scape; FWLR 1.0: 2.6 – 1.0: 2.9. Frons with setae longer than scape. Ocellar setae subequal to combined length of three antennal segments. Dorsal postocular bristles dark brown, erect, and stout; apex at or just anterior to eye margin. Thorax: Pronotum with dark brown bristles. Mesonotum with two paramedial lines and two lateral spots brownish tomentose, tomentum elsewhere slightly brownish­gray to gray; vestiture dark brown, sparse whitish setae laterally and between dorsocentrals posteriorly; four lateral and two to three dorsocentral bristles present, latter bristles well posterior of transverse suture, thinner and shorter dorsocentrals extend forward to apical 1 / 3 of mesonotum. Scutellum pale yellowish­gray, whitish setose, with preapical groove and two dark brown marginal bristles. Pleuron yellowish­gray tomentose, anepimeral bristle pale or brown. Halter yellow. Wing: As in Fig. 3 a. Cell m 1 WR 1.0: 3.1: 2.9 – 1.0: 3.3: 3.2. Leg: Coxae and trochanters brown, former yellowish­gray tomentose with pale vestiture. Femora and tibiae yellow except narrow apex of middle and hind femora and tibiae usually brown; vestiture mostly pale, brown setae dorsally and stout bristles mostly or entirely dark brown; setae ventrally, pale, abundant, and unusually long; HFWLR 1.0: 3.9 – 1.0: 4.1. Tibiae with lateral bristles mostly yellow. Hind tibia without apical spine. Tarsi mostly yellow, apical 1 / 2 of apical tarsomere and apex of basal four tarsomeres brown; bristles mostly brown, sparse yellow bristles present laterally. Abdomen: Blackish basally, brown apically; tomentum mostly yellowish with yellowish vestiture; terga mostly brownish tomentose dorsally with at least sparse blackish setae, abundant on apical terga; stout bristles sparse. Terminalia (Figs. 131 – 136): Usually brown basally, apically brownish­yellow to yellow. Epandrium with deep dorsoapical notch. Gonostylus distinctive. Distiphallus horizontal, wide apically; epiphallus narrow dorsally. Hypandrium wide apically. Female. Measurements, body 19.0 – 22.0 mm; wing 11.8 – 17.0 mm; FHWR 1.0: 4.0 – 1.0: 4.2; FWLR 1.0: 2.3 – 1.0: 3.2; m 1 WR 1.0: 3.6: 3.7 – 1.0: 4.1: 3.9; HFWLR 1.0: 4.7 – 1.0: 4.9. Head: Face and frons yellow tomentose. Longest ocellar setae only slightly longer than scape and pedicel combined. Legs: Fore and middle femora with sparse long pale setae ventrally, mostly aligned in row. Fore and middle tibiae with mixed blackish and yellow bristles laterally. Hind tarsi with only blackish bristles. Abdomen: Apical segments with stout yellow or black bristles. Terminalia (Figs. 137 – 140): Tergum 8 entirely sclerotized, medially 1 / 3 as long cercus medially. Sternum 8 with thin bristles laterally. Spermatheca slightly wider apically than basally. Genital fork distinctive. Type specimens examined. SOUTH AFRICA: 1 F [type Ommatius. variabilis Engel], Engl O. 12 ~ Piet Retief [27 ° 00 ’ S 30 ° 48 ’ E], Transvaal, 15. iii. 1918 ~ Dr Brauns Coll ~ Sammlung E. Engel ~ blank red label (ZSMC); 1 M [holotype O. munroi Bromley], Pretoria [25 ° 43 ’ S 28 ° 16 ’ E], Lynwood, 26. ii. 1917. H. K. Monro (NMSA); 1 F [paratype O. munroi Bromley], Pretoria [25 ° 43 ’ S 28 ° 16 ’ E], 25. xii. 1912, H. K. Monro (NMSA); 1 M [paratype O. munroi Bromley], Verulam [29 ° 39 ’ S 31 ° 08 ’ E], 31. xii. 15, ex Janse (NMSA); 1 M [paratype O. munroi Bromley], Rietspruit [28 ° 22 ’ 00 ” S 27 ° 23 ’ 55 ” E], Marico, Transvaal, i. 1918 (NMSA); 1 F [paratype O. munroi Bromley], New Hanover [29 ° 23 ’ S 30 ° 32 ’ E], Natal, 2. i. 1913 (NMSA); 1 F [paratype O. munroi Bromley], New Hanover [29 ° 23 ’ S 30 ° 32 ’ E], Natal, 20. xi. 1914, C. B. Hardenberg (NMSA); 2 F [paratype O. munroi Bromley], Potchefstroom [26 ° 45 ’ 57 ” S 27 ° 10 ’ 27 ” E], 24 – 25. i. 1911 (NMSA); 1 F, 3020 ~ Rietspruit [28 ° 22 ’ 00 ” S 27 ° 23 ’ 55 ” E], Transvaal, 15. ii. 1918, Dr. Brauns (USNM); 1 M [red labeled paratype O. munroi Bromley] Verulam [29 ° 39 ’ S 31 ° 08 ’ E], 31. xii. 15, ex Janse (USNM); 1 F [red labeled paratype O. munroi Bromley] Pretoria [25 ° 43 ’ S 28 ° 16 ’ E], 18. i. 13, H. K. Munro (USNM). Additional material. MOZAMBIQUE: 3 F, Prov. De Gorongoza, Tendos du Sungoue, et R 1 y Vunduzi (Alt 40 m), 1907, G. Vasse (MNHN). SOUTH AFRICA: 2 M, 2 F, South Africa: 2327 DB, Transvaal, Ellisras [= Lephalale, 23 ° 7 ’ S 27 ° 7 ’ E], 30. i. 1978 JGH Londt, grass near trees on Mokolo river banks (NMSA); 1 M, 2 F, South Africa: 2428 BB, Transv. [Transvaal], Drummondlea, 9 km S. Potgietersrus [= Mokopane, ca. 24 ° 09 ’ S 29 ° 04 ’ E], 28. i. 1978 JGH Londt, grass under trees (NMSA); 2 M, 3 F, South Africa: Natal, Empangeni [28 ° 49 ’ 39 ” S 31 ° 59 ’ 18 ” E] area, 28455 3155 E, 8 – 10. xi. 86, P. Reavell, 110 m (NMSA); 1 M, same data except Sewage FM; open dense grass, nr. stream in Ipomea, 30. xii. 84 (NMSA); 1 M, South Africa: 2429 CC, Transvaal, Elands [31 ° 48 ’ S 26 ° 09 ’ E], River N. Marble Hall, 24. i. 1978, JGH Londt, grassveld nr. River (NMSA); 1 M, 1 F, South Africa: Natal, Eshowe Glinze Forest: Mpushini, 3125 E 2850 S, 24. iii. 85; 2 – 84, B. Digby, 520 m, Forest clearning, light (NMSA); 1 F, South Africa: Natal, Empangeni Addison Pk, 2830 S 3145 E 28. xii. 85, P. E. Reavell 135 m, dense grass near bush (NMSA); 3 F, Pietermaritzburg [29 ° 36 ’ S 30 ° 23 ’ E] 2930 Cb, 19. iii. 1978 JGH Londt (NMSA); 2 F, Sth [South] Africa: Transvaal, Johannesburg [26 ° 09 ’ 34 ” S 28 ° 04 ’ 21 ” E], 2628 Aa, Highlands N., 7. iii. 1982, R. Elferink (NMSA); 3 F, South Africa: 2429 AA, Transvaal, 20 km NE of Potgietersrus Rd. to Makapaus Mts. 27. i. 78, JGH Londt, long grass under tree nr. River (NMSA); 1 F, South Africa: Natal, 5 km SE Ashburton, 13. i. 1980, 2930 Cb, R. Miller and P. Stabbins, grassland (NMSA); 1 M, [South Africa] Harte Beesport, 19. x. 85, A. Schoppe (NMSA); 1 M, Nhlauini River, Ixopo Dist. [30 ° 09 ’ S 30 ° 05 ’ E], Natal, S. [South] Africa 17. iii. 1957, B. R. Stuckenberg, (id. Oldroyd, variabilis) (NMSA); 1 M, 2 F, S. Africa: OFS # 6, 36 km E. Bultfontein, 28 ° 23 ’ S 26 ° 29 ’ E, 1350 M, ii – iii. 1991, nr. Vet River Branch, Whittington and Londt (NMSA); 4 F, Apd on grass, 6.379 [6. iii. 79] 5: 30 pm (NMSA); 1 M, Natal, 25 km E. Loumsburg, 20. ii. 1979 2731 DA, J. D. H. Londt, grassy area near river (NMSA); 1 M, Natal: Weenen [28 ° 52 ’ S 30 ° 05 ’ E], i. 1925, H. P. Thomasset [male terminalia, slide 50] (BMNH); 1 M, Nylstroom [= Modimolle, 24 ° 42 ’ S 28 ° 24 ’ E], 16 – 31. xii. 21 G. P. F. v. Dam (USNM); 1 F, Mmbilo, Durban [29 ° 48 ’ S 31 ° 00 ’ E] NTL, 27. xii. 26, L. Bevis (BMNH); 1 F, SOUTH AFRICA Transvaal, 10 km S. W. of Naboomaprell, Habitat: Burkes Savannah, December 1 ­ 1587 W. Miller (FSCA). ZAMBIA: 1 F, Rhodesa du Nord, Haut Zambéze, Lealui, 1919, V. Ellenberger (MNHN). 1 M, Zambéze, Sijal, i. 1929, P. Lesne (MNHN); 1 F, Rhodesia de Nord, Haut Zambéze, Léalui, 1919, V. Ellenberger (MNHN); 1 F, Zambéze, Tambara, ii. 1929, P. Lesne 1929 (MNHN). Distribution (Tables 1, 2; Fig. 195). Known from locations in Northern South Africa, Zambia, and Mozambique; captured from 40 to 1350 meters in grassveld situations near rivers and under trees from November to March. Remarks. Afroestricus variabilis is distinguished from congeners with yellow femora by the characters in the key and those of the terminalia (Figs. 131 – 140). Additionally, it differs from A. chiastoneurus by the yellow femora and terminalia, especially the shorter median margins of the gonocoxite. The femora are black and the median process is quite long in A. chiastoneurus. Engels type series of variabilis consisted of three specimens, a male with yellow femora from Congo and a male with black femora and a female with yellow femora from South Africa. Unfortunately, the two males cannot be located [neither are in ZSMC or SMNS which house Engels specimens]. The South African female, in excellent condition, is in the ZSMC. To stabilize the name and concept of the species, the female is selected lectotype. Bromley (1936) suggested that the type series of O. variabilis included two species but did not resolve the status of that species. He then described Ommatius senex and O. monroi from South Africa, one of the type localities of O. variabilis. The former have black femora whereas they are yellow in the latter species. Later, he described O. bevisi from South Africa that also have yellow femora, distinguishing it from O. munroi on color patterns, i. e. the apices of the tibiae and the bases of the male terminalia were brown in O. munroi whereas they are yellow in O. bevisi (Bromley 1946). This study agrees with Bromley in that the type series of O. variabilis consists of two species. Futhermore, a comparison of the terminalia of specimens with yellow femora from South Africa and Democratic Republic of Congo with specimens carrying Engels identification [O. variabilis] labels and Bromleys [O. munroi and O. bevisi] labels are identical. Thus, O. variabilis, O. munroi and O. bevisi are conspecific. Since O. variabilis was described in 1929 and the other two in 1936 and 1947, the latter has priority and is the name of the species. Ommatius munroi and O. bevisi are here declared new synonmyns of O. variabilis. Afroestricus varipes (Curran) Figs. 141 – 150, 195	en	Scarbrough Table Of Contents, Aubrey G. (2005): Afroestricus, a new Afrotropical Ommatine (Diptera: Asilidae) genus with twenty species and two species groups. Zootaxa 1041 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1041.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1041.1.1
B5602620355CFFC3FEC7FCB1631EFC6A.taxon	description	Redescription, male. Black. Measurements, body 12.4 – 16.8 mm; wing 9.6 – 12.8 mm. Head: Face brownish­yellow to yellow tomentose; vestiture mostly white on lower 1 / 3 of face, sparse dorsally, mostly to entirely black setose; FHWR 1.0: 3.7 – 1.0: 4.5. Antenna black with longest ventral seta as long as scape; flagellum 1.5 X as long as scape, FWLR 1.0: 2.3 – 1.0: 3.7. Frons yellowish­brown to yellow tomentose; setae slightly longer than scape. Occiput mostly gray tomentose, more yellow dorsally; setae mostly yellow and white, scattered black setae dorsally; a row of 12 to 13 short, thick, black postocular bristles extending to or just beyond midlateral margin of eye; bristles slightly curved forward, tips just above posterior margin of eye. Thorax: Pronotum brown tomentose dorsally, all bristles black. Mesonotum mostly brown tomentose dorsally, often two brown paramedial tomentose stripes and two brown spots laterally; tomentum yellowish­gray laterally; vestiture mostly black, anterior setae short and thin, as long as scape, setae longer between rows of dorsocentral bristles along sides; four lateral and five to six dorsocentral bristles present, latter bristles extend forward to or just beyond transverse suture. Scutellum yellowish­gray to yellow tomentose with short, mixed yellow and black or only black setae; two black marginal bristles and prominent preapical groove present. Pleuron mostly yellowish­gray tomentose, anteriorly yellowish­brown to brown; mostly yellow setae present; anepisternite, sometimes katepisternite, with scattered black setae; bristles black. Halter knob yellow to red. Wing: As Fig. 3 a except as follows. Cell r 1 narrowed apically, moderately pointed, vein R 2 + 3 evenly curved forward. Cell r 4 with base at apex of cell d; r­m crossvein about twice as long as CuA 1 + M 3. Cell m 1 WR 1.0: 3.1.0: 3.0 – 1.0: 3.6: 3.3. Leg: Coxae and trochanters black, yellowish­gray tomentose, yellowish setae. Femora largely black, usually yellowish­brown to red dorsally; fore and middle femora anteriorly with only narrow black stripe; basal 1 / 2 of femora ventrally with long, yellow or mixed yellow and black setae, setae especially long below fore and middle femora; most or all bristles black. Hind femur with mostly black bristles, basal bristles often yellow; posteroventral row of bristles curved slightly posteriorly; HFWLR 1.0: 4.6 – 1.0: 5.0. Tibiae largely yellow, apices black; hind tibia anteriorly partly black; most or all bristles black; hind tibia without flat, spur­like, apical bristle. Basal three tarsomeres of fore and middle tarsi and basal tarsomere of hind tarsus yellow, sometimes reddish­yellow with black apices; remaining tarsomeres black with narrow bases yellow; fore and middle tarsi with three to four yellow bristles. Abdomen: Black, mostly yellowish­gray tomentose with yellow setae; most terga and apical three sterna at least partly black setose. Terminalia (Figs. 141 – 146): Black, reddish­yellow apically. Cercus three to four times as long as wide. Epandrium wide apically, dorsoapical margin angular in lateral view, prominent notch dorsally; apex with a shallow emargination. Gonostylus distinctive. Distiphallus horizontal, prominent convex carina ventrally; epiphallus flat, spatulate apically. Gonocoxite long, apex at or just beyond apical margin of epandrium. Hypandrium apically broadly rounded. Female. Differs as follows: Measurements, body 13.3 – 17.2 mm; wing 11.0 – 13.3 mm; FHWR 1.0: 3.7 – 1.0: 4.5; FWLR 1.0: 2.2 – 1.0: 2.7; m 1 WR 1.0: 2.6: 2.4 – 1.0: 3.1.0: 3.1; HFWLR 1.0: 5.6 – 1.0: 6.0. Head: Face ventrally mostly gray to yellowish tomentose, brownish­yellow dorsally. Femora usually mostly yellow; fore and middle femora anteriorly with brown on basal 1 / 2 to 2 / 3, yellow otherwise, sometimes posterior with shadow of brown basally; hind femur with mostly brown anteriorly and posteriorly, yellow elsewhere; apical 2 / 3 of hind tibia anteriorly brownish­yellow. Abdomen: Apical segments with stout yellow or black bristles. Terminalia (Figs. 147 – 150): Tergum 9 sclerotized, about 1 / 3 as long as cercus medially. Stenum 8 blackish basally, apical 1 / 3 yellow to reddish, surface weakly concave on each side of spur; sparse, thin black bristles and setae present. Genital fork distinctive. Types examined. DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO: 1 M [holotype O. varipes], Stanleyville [= Kisangani, 415 m] Cgo, 25 ° 10 ’ E 0 ° 30 ’ N, 30. iv. 1915, Lang and Chaplin (AMNH); 1 F [allotype O. varipes], Stanleyville [= Kisangani, 415 m] Cgo, 25 ° 10 ’ E 0 ° 30 ’ N, 16. iv. 1915, Lang and Chaplin (AMNH); 1 M [paratype O. varipes], Stanleyville Tshibinda Matadi [Cgo, 25 ° 10 ’ E 0 ° 30 ’ N, 14. iv. 1915 Lang and Chaplin (CASC); 1 F [paratype O. varipes?], Stanleyville [= Kisangani, 415 m] Cgo, 25 ° 10 ’ E 0 ° 30 ’ N, iv. 1915 Lang and Chaplin, Bromley coll. (USNM); 1 M [holotype O. garambensis], Belge Congo PNG [= Parc National de la Garamba 3 ° 45 ’ N 28 ° 48 ’ E], Miss H. de Saeger, PpK 51 / g / 9, 2. iv. 52, H. de Saeger (MRAC); 1 M [paratype O. garambensis], Belge Congo PNG [= Parc National de la Garamba 3 ° 45 ’ N 28 ° 48 ’ E], Miss H. de Saeger, PpK 51 / g / 9, 2. iv. 52, H. de Saeger (BMNH); 2 F [paratype O. garambensis], Belge Congo PNG [= Parc National de la Garamba 3 ° 45 ’ N 28 ° 48 ’ E], Miss H. de Saeger, II / fd / 17, 9. viii. 1951, H. de Saeger (BMNH). Additional material. ANGOLA: 1 F, Dundo [07 ° 22 ’ E 02 ° 50 ’ E, 2444 ft] (Distr. Tuuda), ii – iii. 1958 (CNCI). BURUNDI: 2 M, Munro, Gigzi, 21. x. 80, J. G. Pointel (MNHN). CAMEROON: 1 F, Batanga [02 ° 57 ’ N 09 ° 54 ’ E, 52], Kamerun A. I. Good, 16. vii. 1913 (CMNH); 1 F, Efulén [02 ° 46 ’ 60 ” N 10 ° 31 ’ 60 ” E, 421 m], Kamerun 16. vi. 1912, H. L. Weber (CMNH); 1 F, Cameroun, Vers le Nord, 1923 Dr. Gromier ~ Saison, des fluies (MNHN); 1 M, Cameroon Litt, J. A. W. Lucas ~ Douala [19 ° 03 ’ N 09 ° 42 ’ E], 5. viii. 1974 (ZMAN). CONGO: 1 F, Congo Francais, Env. de Brazzaville [4 ° 17 ’ 30 ” S 15 ° 16 ’ 17 ” E] [267 M], 1907, E. Rouband and A. Weiss (MNHN); 1 F, Congo Francais, Env. de Brazzaville, [4 ° 17 ’ 30 ” S 15 ° 16 ’ 17 ” E] [267 m], 1907, E. Rouband and A. Weiss (MNHN). DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO: 1 M, 2 F, B. Congo, Ivangi, Luhoho River, 900 m, 10. ix. 57, E. S. Ross and R. E. Leech (CASC); 1 M, Ya Dande 23 – 24. vii. 49, B. Malkin (CASC); 1 M, 7 mi. S. Ebolya 580 m, 15 – 17. x. 1966, E. S. Ross and K. Lorenze (CASC); 1 F, Musée du Congo, Uelé: Dingila, 4. vi. 1933, H. J. Bredo (MRAC); 1 M, Musée du Congo, Uelé, Beringani 21. vii. 1914, Dr Rodhain (MRAC); 2 M, Musée du Congo, Uelé, Bambesa [3 ° 25 ’ S, 25 ° 43 ’ E], 20. x. 1933, J. V. Leroy (MRAC); 2 M, Musée du Congo, Uelé, Bambesa [3 ° 25 ’ S, 25 ° 43 ' ’ E,], 10, 30. x. 1933, J. Leroy (MRAC); 1 M, Musée du Congo, Bambesa [3 ° 25 ’ S, 25 ° 43 ’ E], xii. 1933, H. J. Bredo (MRAC); 1 F, Coll. Mus. Congo, Bambesa [3 ° 25 ’ S, 25 ° 43 ' E], 1. x. 1938, J. Vrydagh (MRAC); 1 M, 1 F, Musée du Congo, Stanleyville [= Kisangani 25 ° 10 ’ E 0 ° 30 ’ N], vi. 1932, J. Vrydagh (MRAC); 1 M, 1 F, Coll. Mus. Congo, Mayidi [5 ° 10 ’ S 15 ° 09 ’ E, 608 m], 1942, Rév. P. Van Eyen (MRAC); 1 M, Coll. Mus. Congo, Bomboma (Terr. Girl) [2 ° 23 ’ N, 19 ° 03 ’ E], 18. v. 1925, A. Bal (MRAC); 1 M, Coll. Mus. Congo, Basoko, viii. 1948, P. L. G., Benoit (MRAC); 1 M, Coll. Mus. Congo, Kivu [= Lake 1 ° 45 ’ S 28 ° 55 ’ E]: Lubongola, 1939, Dr. Hautmann (MRAC); 1 F, Coll. Mus. Congo, W. Kivu [Lake 1 ° 45 ’ S 28 ° 55 ’ E]: T. Shabunda, 1939, Dr. Hautmann (MRAC); 1 F, Musée du Congo, Ubangi: Bosobolo [4 ° 11 ’ N 19 ° 54 ’ E], 8 / 11. vi. 1932, H. J. Bredo (MRAC); 1 F, Musée du Congo, Luebo [5 ° 15 ’ S 21 ° 22 ’ E], viii. 1921, Lt. Ghesquière (MARC); 1 F, Coll. Mus. Congo, Tanganika: Ankoro [6 ° 45 ’ S 26 ° 57 ’ E], Mulongo 22. vi. 1947, Dr. M. Poll (MRAC). NIGERIA: 1 F, S. Nigeria, Abuh, Niger River 1. iv. 11, Dr. T. Hood Rankin (BMNH); 1 M, Bonny [4 ° 29 ’ N 7 ° 13 ’ E], Nigeria, 3. vi. 1990 Dr. Annett (BMNH); 1 F, Opobo [4 ° 34 ’ N 7 ° 27 ’ E], S. Nigeria, Dr. Collett v. 1910 (BMNH). RWANDA: 1 M, NW shores of Victoria [Nile], Nyanza [LakeAlbert / Nyanza 1 – 2 ° N 31 – 32 ° E], 3,800 – 390012 – 15. ix. 11, S. A. Neave [M terminalia, slide 57 B] (BMNH). UGANDA: 1 M, Namulala Forest, 27. x. 1925, G. L. R. Hancock (BMNH); 1 F, Tero Forest, 9. vii. 1912, C. C. Gowdey (BMNH); 1 M, Port Bell [0 ° 13 ’ 34 ” N 32 ° 33 ’ 50 ” E], 10. iii. 1912, R. Fyffe (BMNH); 2 F, 1909, Recd. From Col. Sir D. Bruce (BMNH); 1 F, Kampala­Entebbe Road: Mpigi [0 ° 13 ’ 34 ” N 32 ° 20 ’ 22 ” E], 24. v. 1958, J. Bouden (BMNH); 1 M, nr. Kaguku, 1. ix. 1962, D. J. Greathead (BMNH); 2 M, Entebbe [0 ° 04 ’ N 32 ° 38 ’ E], 7. vi. 1972, H. Falke in forest (CNCI); 2 M, 2 F, Entebbe [0 ° 04 ’ N 32 ° 38 ’ E], 10. iii. 1972, H. Falke (CNCI); 1 M, 1 F, Entebbe [0 ° 04 ’ N 32 ° 38 ’ E], 7. iii. 1973, H. Falke (CNCI); 1 M, Entebbe [0 ° 04 ’ N 32 ° 38 ’ E], 10. vi. 1972, H. Falke (CNCI); 1 M, Entebbe [0 ° 04 ’ N 32 ° 38 ’ E], 13. vi. 1972, H. Falke (CNCI); 1 M, Entebbe [0 ° 04 ’ N 32 ° 38 ’ E], 14. ix. 1971, H. Falke (CNCI); 1 M, Entebbe [0 ° 04 ’ N 32 ° 38 ’ E], 27. x. 1971, H. Falke (CNCI); 1 M, Entebbe [0 ° 04 ’ N 32 ° 38 ’ E], 7. vi. 1972, H. Falke (CNCI); 1 M, Entebbe [0 ° 04 ’ N 32 ° 38 ’ E], 1. ii. 1972, H. Falke (CNCI); 1 M, 1 F, Entebbe [0 ° 04 ’ N 32 ° 38 ’ E], 27. vi. 1972, H. Falke (CNCI); 2 M, Entebbe [0 ° 04 ’ N 32 ° 38 ’ E], 24. v. 1972, H. Falke Mal. Tr. (CNCI); 1 F, Kayonza Forest, Kigezi Dist, 2135 m, v. 1972, E. Babyetagara (CNCI); 1 M, Budongo Forest nr. Lk. Albert [1 – 2 ° N 31 – 32 ° E], 20.31. iii. 1972, H. Falke 915 m (CNCI); 2 M, Budongo Forest nr. Lk. Albert [1 – 2 ° N 31 – 32 ° E], 7. ii. 1972, H. Falke 915 m (CNCI); 1 M, 2 F, Budongo Forest nr. Lk. Albert [1 – 2 ° N 31 – 32 ° E], 17. ii. 1972, H. Falke 915 m (CNCI); 1 M, Budongo Forest nr. Lk, Albert [1 – 2 ° N 31 – 32 ° E], 27. iv. 1972, H. Falke 915 m Mal. Tr. (CNCI); 1 F, 7 mi N. Entebbe [0 ° 04 ’ N 32 ° 38 ’ E] nr. Lk Victoria, 31. iii. 1972, H. Falke 1135 m (CNCI); 1 F, 7 mi N. Entebbe [0 ° 04 ’ N 32 ° 38 ’ E] nr. Lk Victoria, 5. xi. 1972, H. Falke 1135 m (CNCI); 2 F, Kisubi Forest, Entebbe, 24. iv. 1976, M. K. Paulus (CNCI); 1 F, Kalinzu Forest, Ankole, W. Uganda, 1135 m vi. 1972, H. Faulke (CNCI); 1 M, Kalinzu Forest, Ankole W. Uganda, 1135 m 5. xi. 1971, H. Falke (CNCI); 19 M, 14 F, Entebbe and Kayonza, Budongo, Kisubi and Kalinzu Forests, mal. tr, xi – vi, H. Falke, M. K. Paulus, E. Babyetagara, (CNCI); 1 F, Entebbe, 25. vi. 1972, H. Falke (FSCA); 1 M, Kampala [0 ° 13 ’ 34 ” N 32 ° 33 ’ 50 ” E], 17. ix. 1914, # 5134 C. C. Gowdey (USNM); 1 M, Uéle River, Congo, 3 ° 30 ’ N; 23 ° 30 ’ E, Nala (USNM); 1 M, Lubuta, 24. i. 1914 (USNM). Distribution (Tables 1, 2; Fig. 195). Wide spread from equatorial Africa southward to southern Democratic Republic of Congo; captured between 580 and 1150 meters throughout the year. Remarks. Afroestricus varipes is distinguished from congeners by the characters in the key and the terminalia (Figs. 141 – 150). The long flagellum and the dorsal yellowishbrown to red stripe on the hind femur further characterize the species.	en	Scarbrough Table Of Contents, Aubrey G. (2005): Afroestricus, a new Afrotropical Ommatine (Diptera: Asilidae) genus with twenty species and two species groups. Zootaxa 1041 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1041.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1041.1.1
B56026203554FFC7FEC7FBE4637FFE82.taxon	description	Figs. 151 – 160, 196 Male. Dark brown. Body 9.3 – 12.2 mm; wing 6.7 – 8.0 mm. Head: Face yellow tomentose setae and bristles yellowish; FHWR 1.0: 4.2. Antenna brown; scape length subequal to flagellum; FWLR 1.0: 2.0 – 1.0: 2.5. Frons yellow to brownish­yellow tomentose; setae as long as scape. Occiput gray tomentose, mostly white setose, sparse black setae dorsally; postocular bristles thick, weakly proclinate, tips at or just beyond eye posteriorly; brown bristles extend to or beyond dorsal 1 / 4 of eye. Thorax: Pronotum brown tomentose with four white or black bristles. Mesonotum with two large spots laterally and two narrow median stripes dorsally, brown tomentose; tomentum slightly lighter between brown, yellowish­gray to gray laterally and posteriorly; setae largely black, long and abundant laterally and between rows of dorsocentral bristles; anterior setae as long as to twice as long as scape; numerous long dorsocentral bristles extend forward well beyond transverse suture; lateral bristles black. Scutellum gray tomentose with sparse white setae, a prominent preapical groove, and two black marginal bristles. Pleuron gray tomentose with pale setae and bristles; anepisternite sometimes yellow with scattered black setae dorsally; anepimeral bristle pale yellow or black. Halter yellow. Wing: As Fig. 3 a except as follows. Cell m 1 WR 1.0: 2.6: 2.7 – 1.0: 3.3: 3.1. Leg: Coxae dark brown with yellowish­gray tomentum and mostly white setae; bristles and setae of middle coxa yellow. Femora yellow, narrow apex brownish­yellow; bristles black. Fore femur with long setae ventrally. Middle femur with black posteroventral setae. Hind femur with posteroventral row arched medially; HFWLR 1.0: 4.0 – 1.0: 4.5. Tibiae yellow with apices brown and mostly black bristles; fore tibia with one long black bristle basally and black setae ventrally; hind tibia with apical 1 / 3 black and small apical tubercle. Tarsi with each tarsomere yellow at least basally; basal 1 / 2 to 2 / 3 of first two tarsomeres yellow, tarsomeres otherwise reddish­brown; each tasus with sparse yellow bristles. Abdomen: Dark brown, sometimes red dorsally; with slightly yellowish­gray to gray tomentum; setae mostly pale yellow to gray, black dorsally on terga 5 to 8, sometimes along apical margin of tergum 4. Terminalia (Figs. 151 – 156): Reddish, basally brownish­red. Epandrium with dorsoapical notch. Gonostylus distinctive. Distiphallus horizontal; epiphallus narrow apically. Gonocoxite strongly produced apically, apex raise in lateral view. Hypandrium broadly rounded apically. Female. Differs as follows. Body 8.1 – 15.0 mm; wing 6.7 – 9.3 mm; FHWR 1.0: 4.0 – 1.0: 4.1; FWLR 1.0: 1.9 – 1.0: 2.7; m 1 WR 1.0: 2.5: 2.6 – 1.0: 3.7: 3.8; 1.0: 4.9 – 1.0: 5.0. Legs: Fore and middle femora ventrally with only pale yellow setae. Middle femur with three anteroventral bristles. Hind femur with posteroventral row of bristles not arched posteriorly. Fore tibia with black bristles laterally; sparse yellow bristles present on posterior two tibiae. Hind tibia without apical tubercle. Hind tarsus with only black bristles. Abdomen: Bristles mostly black, those on apical segments especially stout. Terminalia (Figs. 157 – 160): Tergum 9 sclerotized, 1 / 4 to 1 / 2 as long as cercus medially. Sternum 8 with a stout bristle anterolaterally. Spermatheca smooth, somewhat flattened and widest apically. Genital fork distinctive. Type material. Holotype M, NIGERIA: Samaru [11 ° 13 ’ 52 ” N 07 ° 38 ’ 08 ” E], 26. vi – 6. vii. 1970, P. H. Ward, B. M. 1970 ­ 604 ~ Mercury vapor, light trap (BMNH). Paratypes, ANGOLA: 2 M, 2 F, Angola (A 2), Rocadas [16 ° 43 ’ S 15 ° 01 ’ E], R. Cunene, 19 – 22. ii. 1972 (BMNH); 1 F, Angola (A 38), 8 mis. NE. Cacula [14 ° 33 ’ S 14 ° 04 ’ E], 25 – 26. iii. 1972 (BMNH); 1 M, Angola (A 20), 10 mis. NE. Cacula [14 ° 33 ’ S 14 ° 04 ’ E] (BMNH). DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO: 2 M, Congo Belge, P. N. G [= Parc National de la Garamba], Miss. H. De Saeger, PFSK. 5,3, 20. vi. 52, H. De Saeger. 3656 (BMNH). 2 M, Congo belge: P. N. U [= Parc National de L’Upemba 9 ° 10 ’ S 26 ° 15 ’ E], Mabwe (r. E. lac Upemba), (585 m), 6 – 9. xii. 1948, Mis G. F. de Witte 2020 a (MRAC); 1 M, Congo belge: P. N. U. [= Parc National de L’Upemba 9 ° 10 ’ S 26 ° 15 ’ E], Mabwe (585 m), 27 – 30. xi. 1948, Mis G. F. de Witte 1986 a (MRAC); 1 M, Congo belge: P. N. U. [= Parc National de L’Upemba 9 ° 10 ’ S 26 ° 15 ’ E], Mabwe (585 M), 31. xi. 1948, Mis G. F. de Witte 2153 a (MRAC); 2 M, 1 F, Conge belge: P. N. U. [= Parc National de L’Upemba 9 ° 10 ’ S 26 ° 15 ’ E], Kankunda affl. g. Lupiala, (1300 m) 14 – 20. xi. 1947, Mis. G. F. de Witte 1006 a (MRAC); 10 M, 12 F, Conge belge: P. N. U. [= Parc National de L’Upemba 9 ° 10 ’ S 26 ° 15 ’ E], Kankunda affl. g. Lupiala, (1300 m) 16 – 24. xi. 1947, Mis. G. F. de Witte 1035 a (MRAC); 9 M, 1 F, Conge belge: P. N. U. [= Parc National de L’Upemba 9 ° 10 ’ S 26 ° 15 ’ E], Kankunda affl. g. Lupiala, (1300 m) 22 – 24. xi. 1947, Mis. G. F. de Witte 1035 a (MRAC); 4 M, 11 F, Conge belge: P. N. U. [= Parc National de L’Upemba 9 ° 10 ’ S 26 ° 15 ’ E], Kankunda affl. g. Lupiala, (1300 m) 22 – 28. xi. 1947, Mis. G. F. de Witte 1032 a (MRAC); 4 M, 14 F, Conge belge: P. N. U. [= Parc National de L’Upemba 9 ° 10 ’ S 26 ° 15 ’ E], Kankunda affl. g. Lupiala, (1300 m) 14 – 28. xi. 1947, Mis. G. F. de Witte 1036 a (MRAC); 1 M, 1 F, Conge belge: P. N. U. [= Parc National de L’Upemba 9 ° 10 ’ S 26 ° 15 ’ E], Kankunda affl. g. Lupiala, (1300 m) 14 – 20. xi. 1947, Mis. G. F. de Witte 1006 a (MRAC); 1 F, Conge belge: P. N. U. [= Parc National de L’Upemba 9 ° 10 ’ S 26 ° 15 ’ E], Kankunda (1300 m), 14 – 28. xi. 1947, Mis. G. F. de Witte 1018 a (MRAC); 1 F, Conge belge: P. N. U. [= Parc National de L’Upemba 9 ° 10 ’ S 26 ° 15 ’ E], Kankunda affl. g. Lupiala, (1300 m) 20. xi. 1947, Mis. G. F. de Witte 1018 a (MRAC); 1 F, Albertville [= Kalemie, 5 ° 56 ’ S 29 ° 12 ’ E], 21. i. 1933, L. Burgeon (MRAC); 1 F, Uelé: Gangalna Bodio, 14. iv. 36, L. Lippens (MRAC); 2 M, Conge belge: P. N. U. [= Parc National de L’Upemba 9 ° 10 ’ S 26 ° 15 ’ E], Kankunda (1300 m) 16 – 19. xi. 1947, Mis. G. F. de Witte 1007 a (MRAC); 1 M, 1 F, Conge belge: P. N. U. [= Parc National de L’Upemba 9 ° 10 ’ S 26 ° 15 ’ E], Kankunda affl. g. Lupiala, (1300 m) 13 – 27. xi. 1947, Mis. G. F. de Witte 963 a (MRAC). 1 M, 1 F, NAMIBIA: S. W. Protect, Otjituo [19 ° 40 ’ S 18 ° 36 ’ E] (BMNH). NIGERIA: 1 F, same data as holotype (BMNH); 1 M, Samaru [11 ° 13 ’ 52 ” N 07 ° 38 ’ 08 ” E], 7 – 14. vii. 1970, P. H. Ward, B. M. 1970 ­ 604 ~ Mercury vapor, light trap (BMNH); 2 F, Nigeria: Samaru [11 ° 13 ’ 52 ” N 07 ° 38 ’ 08 ” E], 15 – 22. vi. 1970, P. H. Ward, B. M. 1970 ­ 604 ~ Mercury vapor, light trap (BMNH); 3 F, Nigeria: Samaru [11 ° 13 ’ 52 ” N 07 ° 38 ’ 08 ” E], 13 – 20. vii. 1970, P. H. Ward, B. M. 1970 ­ 604 ~ Mercury vapor, light trap (BMNH); 1 F, Nigeria: Samaru [11 ° 13 ’ 52 ” N 07 ° 38 ’ 08 ” E], 21 – 29. vii. 1970, P. H. Ward, B. M. 1970 ­ 604 ~ Mercury vapor, light trap (BMNH); 2 M, 3 F, same data as holotype (BMNH); 3 F, Nigeria: Samaru [11 ° 13 ’ 52 ” N 07 ° 38 ’ 08 ” E], 1 – 8. ix. 1970, P. H. Ward, B. M. 1970 ­ 604 ~ Mercury vapor, light trap (BMNH); 1 F, Nigeria: Samaru [11 ° 13 ’ 52 ” N 07 ° 38 ’ 08 ” E], 30 – 31. vii. 1970, P. H. Ward, B. M. 1970 ­ 604 ~ Mercury vapor, light trap (BMNH); 1 F, N. Nigeria: Zaria, Samaru [11 ° 13 ’ 52 ” N 07 ° 38 ’ 08 ” E], 14. vi. 1968 ~ J. C. Deeming, m. v. trap (BMNH); 1 F, N. Nigeria: Zaria, Samaru [11 ° 13 ’ 52 ” N 07 ° 38 ’ 08 ” E], 26. viii. 1986, J. C. Deeming ~ 67 ­ 1 ­ 175 (BMNH). Additional material. DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO: 12 F, Conge belge: P. N. U. [= Parc National de L’Upemba 9 ° 10 ’ S 26 ° 15 ’ E], Kankunda affl. g. Lupiala, (1300 m) 16 – 24. xi. 1947, Mis. G. F. de Witte 1035 a (MRAC); 8 F, Conge belge: P. N. U. [= Parc National de L’Upemba 9 ° 10 ’ S 26 ° 15 ’ E], Kankunda affl. g. Lupiala, (1300 m) 22 – 28. xi. 1947, Mis. G. F. de Witte 1032 a (MRAC); 1 F, Congo belge: P. N. U. [= Parc National de L’Upemba 9 ° 10 ’ S 26 ° 15 ’ E], Mabwe (585 M), 17. xi. 1948, Mis G. F. de Witte 1951 a (MRAC); 5 F, Conge belge: P. N. U. [= Parc National de L’Upemba 9 ° 10 ’ S 26 ° 15 ’ E], Kankunda (1300 m) 14 – 28. xi. 1947, Mis. G. F. de Witte 1036 a (MRAC); 1 M, Conge belge: P. N. U. [= Parc National de L’Upemba 9 ° 10 ’ S 26 ° 15 ’ E], Kankunda (1300 m) 16 – 19. xi. 1947, Mis. G. F. de Witte 1007 a (MRAC). Etymology. Latin velatus for hidden referring to the fact that the species was in a box of A. variablis specimens and initially was not recognized as another species. Distribution (Tables 1, 2; Fig. 196). Known from localities in west central Africa eastward in the DR Congo (Parc National de LUpemba); captured between 585 to 1300 meters from November through March and June through August. Remarks. Afroestricus velatus is distinguished from other yellow congeners, especially A. verutus and A. variabilis, by the characters in the key and terminalia (Figs. 151 – 160). It is readily distinguished from A. variabilis by its more slender body, triangular­shaped gonostylus, and the wider base of the aedeagal sheath.	en	Scarbrough Table Of Contents, Aubrey G. (2005): Afroestricus, a new Afrotropical Ommatine (Diptera: Asilidae) genus with twenty species and two species groups. Zootaxa 1041 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1041.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1041.1.1
B56026203550FFC6FEC7FE4C63B2F93E.taxon	description	Figs. 161 – 166, 196 Male. Body 12.6 mm, wing 8.6 mm. Head: Face yellow to brownish­yellow tomentose, vestiture mostly yellow, 8 blackish bristles and setae present: FHWR 1.0: 4.4. Antenna black, ventral bristles short, longest about as long as pedicel; FWLR 1.0: 2.7. Frons brownish­yellow tomentose; setae as long as scape + pedicel. Occiput yellowish tomentose, mostly yellowish setae; seven to eight black postocular bristles present, thick basally, thin apically and strongly proclinate, apex of longest 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 distance toward ocellar tubercle. Thorax: Tomentum mostly yellowish. Pronotum with only yellow bristles. Mesonotum with wide median stripe and two lateral spots brown tomentose, yellow tomentum elsewhere; setae mostly blackish, anterior setae about as long as scape + pedicel, setae laterally and between dorsocentral bristles posteriorly yellow; four lateral and five dorsocentral present, posterior three of latter thick, long, and behind transverse suture, remaining two bristles anterior of suture, thinner and shorter. Scutellum yellow tomentose with yellow setae, black marginal bristles, and preapical groove. Pleuron yellow tomentose, vestiture yellow. Halter yellow. Wing: As Fig. 3 a except as follows. Surface brownish­yellow microtrichose. Cell r 1 narrow apically. Cell r 4 with base just beyond apex of cell d. Crossvein r­m beyond middle of cell d, much longer than CuA 1 + M 3. Cell m 3 oblique apically. Cell m 1 WR 1.0: 3.0: 2.6. Leg: Coxae and trochanters blackish, brownish­yellow ventrally; former yellowish tomentose with yellowish vestiture. Femora and tibiae yellow, narrow apex brown; bristles mostly black. Middle femur with only thin setae­like posteroventral vestiture, bristles absent. Hind femur with posteroventral row of bristles mostly yellow, at least two or three black. Hind tibia without apical spur. Tarsi with basal tarsomere mostly and narrow base of remaining tarsomeres yellow, bristles mostly black, four to five yellow bristles present on anterior two tarsi. Abdomen: Blackish, tomentum dorsally brownish, yellow elsewhere; setae mostly yellow, sparse black setae on basal terga medially, abundant on apical terga dorsally. Terminalia (Figs. 161 – 166): Yellowish­brown to reddish, blackish basally. Epandrium narrow, dorsoapical notch shallow; ventral margin minutely serrate. Gonostylus distinctive. Distiphallus projecting beyond epiphallus anteriorly, ventral surface undulant; epiphallus thin, convex, shieldlike; base of aedeagus narrow between gonocoxites; ejaculatory apodeme wide. Gonocoxite short laterally, well before apical margin of epandrium. Hypandrium browdly rounded apically. Female. Unknown. Type material. Holotype M, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO: Congo du belge: P. N. U. [= Parc National de L’Upemba 9 ° 10 ’ S 26 ° 15 ’ E], Kankunda affl. g. Lupiala, (1300 m) 22 – 28. xi. 1947, Mis. G. F. de Witte, 1032 a (MRAC). Paratypes, 1 M, Congo du belge: P. N. U. [= Parc National de L’Upemba 9 ° 10 ’ S 26 ° 15 ’ E], Kankunda (1300 m), 22 – 24. xi. 1947, Mis. G. F. de Witte, 1036 a (MRAC); 3 M, Congo du belge: P. N. U. [= Parc National de L’Upemba 9 ° 10 ’ S 26 ° 15 ’ E], Kankunda affl. g. Lupiala, (1300 m) 16 – 24. xi. 1947, Mis. G. F. de Witte, 1035 a (MRAC). Etymology. Latin verutus for armed with a dart, referring to the shape and use of the flies hypopharnyx. Distribution (Tables 1, 2; Fig. 196). Known only from environs of the Parc National de LUpemba; captured at 1300 m in November (Tables 1, 2). Remarks. Afroestricus verutus is distinguished from congeners such as A. variabilis and A. velatus by the characters in the key and terminalia (Figs. 161 – 166), especially the combined characters of the epandrium, gonostylus, gonocoxite, and aedeagus.	en	Scarbrough Table Of Contents, Aubrey G. (2005): Afroestricus, a new Afrotropical Ommatine (Diptera: Asilidae) genus with twenty species and two species groups. Zootaxa 1041 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1041.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1041.1.1
B56026203552FFBBFEC7FEEC65BBFB7A.taxon	description	Figs. 167 – 176, 196 Male. Black. Body 8.4 – 9.8 mm; wing 6.7 – 7.1 mm. Head: Face yellow to yellowish­gray tomentose, black setae on dorsal 2 / 3, dense, mostly yellow setae on ventral 1 / 3: FHWR 1.0: 4.3 – 1.0: 4.4. Antenna black, longest ventral setae as long as scape and pedicel combined; flagellum as long as or longer than scape FWLR 1.0: 2.0 – 1.0: 2.5. Frons yellow tomentose; setae as long as scape + pedicel. Occiput yellowish­gray to gray tomentose; dorsal 1 / 2 with mostly black setae, setae yellow to white on lower 1 / 2; thin, black postocular bristles extend to midlateral margin of head; bristles thin, three to four strongly proclinate, extremely long with tips well above ocellar tubercle. Thorax: Pronotum brownish­yellow tomentose dorsally, yellowish­gray laterally; black and white bristles or only black bristles present. Mesonotum with two paramedial, brown tomentose stripes and two spots laterally; grooves, sides, and posterior yellowishgray tomentose; vestiture mostly black, anterior setae as long as scape and pedicel; numerous long dorsocentral and four lateral bristles present, dorsocentral extending forward to or just before postpronotum. Scutellum yellowish­gray tomentose, long, white setae, two black marginal bristles, and prominent preapical groove present. Pleuron yellowish­gray to gray tomentose with mostly yellow setae; anepisternum with numerous black setae; anepimeral bristle and katatergal bristles black. Halter yellow. Wing: As Fig. 3 b except as follows: Cell m 1 WR 1.0: 5.0: 4.6 – 1.0: 5.0: 4.8. Leg: Coxae, trochanter, and femora entirely black, mostly or entirely yellow setose, setae below femora long; coxae yellow to yellowish­gray tomentose; middle coxa laterally sometimes with one black bristle. Fore femur with row of long, black setae ventrally. Middle femur with several, long, black, posteroventral setae. Hind femur anteriorly with mostly black bristles, most or all anteroventral bristles yellow, one or two apical bristles sometimes black; posteroventral bristles usually black, three to four quite long, yellow bristles present basally; posteroventral row of bristles curved posteriorly; HFWLR 1.0: 3.3 – 1.0: 3.8. Tibiae mostly black, yellow anteriorly on fore and middle tibiae, and posteriorly on hind tibia; bristles mostly black. Tarsi with mostly yellow, narrow apex and side black, base of apical four tarsomeres yellow, apically black, fore and middle tarsi with five and four yellow bristles, respectively; hind tarsus with only black bristles. Abdomen: Mostly black, narrow margin of some segments tarnish or dull yellow; apical four to five terga slightly redmedially; tomentum mostly gray with white setae; terga dorsally slightly brown with black setae; apical 1 / 2 of sterna 6 and 7 with abundant, long, white and black setae. Terminalia (167 – 172): Black with brownish­yellow margins. Cercus elongate, rectangular, three times as long as wide. Epandrium wide apically, dorsoapical margin notched. Gonostylus distinctive. Gonocoxite short laterally, well before apical margin of epandrium. Distiphallus sigmoid, apex exposed laterally; epiphallus strongly constricted admedially; ejaculatory apodeme narrowly triangular in cross­section, thick ventrally. Hypandrium broadly rounded apically. Female. Differs as follows: Body 8.3 – 9.1 mm; wing 6.7 – 7.9 mm; FHWR 1.0: 3.8 – 1.0: 4.2; cell m 1 WR 1.0: 4.0: 3.5 – 1.0: 4.8: 5.2; HFWLR 1.0: 5.4 – 1.0: 5.7. Head: Face with mostly black bristles and setae; ventral 1 / 3 of face not unusually dense, with yellow and black setae and bristles. Flagellum only twice as long as wide, about 1 / 4 as long as scape. Thorax: Mesonotum with only five to six long setae and bristles. Leg: Fore and middle coxae apically sometimes with numerous black setae; middle and hind coxae laterally with one black bristle. Femora slender. Middle femur with five to six anteroventral bristles. Hind femur with all anterior bristles black or only one yellow bristle; most or all anteroventral bristles yellow. Tibiae yellow with apex and narrow anterior black stripe; most or all bristles black. Tarsi with base of apical four tarsomeres yellow; only black bristles present. Abdomen: Apical segments with sparse stout bristles. Terminalia (Figs. 173 – 176): Tergum 9 membranous dorsally. Sternum 8 with transverse row of thin bristles. Spermatheca smooth, slightly wider apically. Genital fork distinctive. Type material. Holotype M, TANZANIA: 9 mi SW of Itigi [5 ° 42 ’ S 34 ° 29 ’ E], 4200 ft, 28. i. 1970, M. E. Irvin and E. S. Ross (CASC). Paratypes: TANZANIA: 2 M, 3 F, same data as holotype (CASC); 1 F, 1 mi. NW., of Chunya, 5000 [ft.], 29. i. 1970, M. E. Irwin and E. S. Ross (CASC). KENYA: 1 M, Rabai, ii. 1930, Dr Van Sumeren, (BMNH). Etymology. Latin victus for manner of life, referring to the predaceous habit of these flies. Distribution (Tables 1, 2; Fig. 196). Known from two localities in Tanzania; captured at 1235 m in January and February (Tables 1, 2). Remarks. Afroestricus victus is distinguished from congeners by the characters in the key and terminalia (Figs. 167 – 176). Although similar to A. morani, it differs from that species in the black, more robust body, the mostly or entirely yellow anteroventral bristles below the hind femur, a swollen hind femur (HFWLR 1.0: 3.3 – 1.0: 3.8), and absence of yellow bristles on the hind tarsus.	en	Scarbrough Table Of Contents, Aubrey G. (2005): Afroestricus, a new Afrotropical Ommatine (Diptera: Asilidae) genus with twenty species and two species groups. Zootaxa 1041 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1041.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1041.1.1
B5602620352CFFB8FEC7FB1E64ABFA7F.taxon	description	Figs. 177 – 186, 196	en	Scarbrough Table Of Contents, Aubrey G. (2005): Afroestricus, a new Afrotropical Ommatine (Diptera: Asilidae) genus with twenty species and two species groups. Zootaxa 1041 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1041.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1041.1.1
B5602620352CFFB8FEC7FB1E64ABFA7F.taxon	description	Redescription, male. Dark brown with mostly yellowish­gray tomentum and pale yellow vestiture. Body, 15.0 – 17.4 mm, wing 10.3 – 12.8 mm. Head: Face yellowish­gray to brownish­yellow tomentose, abundant pale yellow vestiture below, mostly or entirely with black setae and bristles on dorsal 1 / 2; FHWR 1.0: 3.8 – 1.0: 4.0. Antenna brown, longest ventral setae as long as scape + pedicel; flagellum as long as to slightly longer than scape + pedicel; FWLR 1.0: 2.6 – 1.0: 3.1. Frons yellowish­brown to brown tomentose; longest setae longer than scape + pedicel. Occiput gray to yellowish­gray tomentose, setae mostly white, sometimes sparse black setae dorsally; row of 7 to 12 short, thick, black postocular bristles present, tips of longest bristles above or just beyond posterior margin of eye. Thorax: Pronotum yellow tomentose with yellow or black bristles. Mesonotum with two narrow median stripes and two lateral spots of brown tomentum, narrow margins yellowish­brown, yellowish­gray posteriorly; vestiture mostly black, white setae on postpronotum and above wing base; anterior acrostichal setae as long as or longer than scape; row of long, thin dorsocentral setae extend forward to first notopleural bristle; longest anterior dorsocentral setae about 1 / 2 as long as notopleural bristle; four thick lateral and two to four thick dorsocentral bristles present. Scutellum brownish­gray tomentose with prominent preapical groove, two black marginal bristles, and abundant short pale setae. Pleuron yellow tomentose anteriorly and gray posteriorly; setae sparse, pale yellow; anepimeral bristle black or yellow. Halter yellow. Wing: As Fig. 3 a except as follows. Base of cell r 4 at or just before apex of cell d. Crossvein r­m just before or at middle of cell d, much longer than CuA 1 + M 3 when present; vein cu + m sometimes present. Cell m 1 WR 1.0: 3.3: 3.1 – 1.0: 3.5: 3.1. Leg: Coxae yellow tomentose with abundant, long, thin, pale yellow setae, sometimes black setae present. Trochanter black. Femora strongly swollen with black bristles and abundant, long, thin, pale yellow setae on basal 1 / 2 to 2 / 3 ventrally, long setae often bordered by scattered, shorter black setae; femora largely yellow, apex with small brown spots or narrowly brown. Middle femur with one bristle posteroventrally. Hind femur with posteroventral row of bristles arched posteriorly; HFWLR 1.0: 3.2 – 1.0: 3.8. Tibiae yellow with narrow apices brown; hind tibia black on anterior 1 / 2 to 2 / 3; apical spur present. Tarsi mostly yellow, narrow apex of most and apical 1 / 2 of apical tarsomere dark brown; most bristles black; fore and middle tarsi, sometimes hind tarsus, with three to four yellow bristles. Abdomen: Yellowish­gray tomentose with mostly pale yellow setae, terga 7 to 8 shiny dorsally, tomentum present laterally; terga 6 to 8 with brown setae dorsally; sterna with longer, thinner setae, most abundant on basal five sterna, shorter and less abundant on apical sterna. Terminalia (Figs. 177 – 182): Black to reddish­brown, apical margins red to yellow. Epandrium with angular dorsoapical notch. Gonostylus distinctive. Distiphallus horizontal; ejaculatory apodeme with a lateromedial flange; epiphallus with only weak constriction dorsally. Gonocoxite short, apex well before apical margin of epandrium, narrow and pointed laterally, much wider ventrally. Hypandrium narrow, round apically. Female. Differs as follows. Body, 17.0 mm; wing 11.1 mm; FHWR 1.0: 5.0; FWLR 1.0: 2.6 – 1.0: 2.8; m 1 WR 1.0: 3.5: 3.5 – 1.0: 4.0: 3.9; HFWLR 1.0: 5.1 – 1.0: 5.8. Abdomen: Apical segments with yellow and black stout bristles. Tergum 7 basolaterally with two large subshiny spots, otherwise dense yellowish­gray tomentose. Terminalia (Figs. 183 – 186): Tergum 9 sclerotized, about 1 / 3 as long as cercus. Sternum 8 with black setae and thin bristles setae laterally. Spermatheca smooth, slightly wider apically than basally. Genital fork distinctive. Types examined. DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO: 1 M [holotype O. vittatus], Stanleyville [= Kisangani 25 ° 10 ’ E 0 ° 30 ’ N], 30. vi. 1915 (AMNH); 1 F [allotype O. vittatus], Stanleyville [= Kisangani 25 ° 10 ’ E 0 ° 30 ’ N], 16. vi. 1915 (AMNH); 3 M [paratypes examined O. vittatus], Stanleyville [= Kisangani 25 ° 10 ’ E 0 ° 30 ’ N], iii – iv. 1915 (AMNH); 1 M [paratype O. vittatus], Zambi Congo, 6 ° S 12 ° 50 ’ E, 22. vi. 1915, Bromley coll. (USNM). Additional material. ANGOLA: 1 M, (A 24), 3 mi. N. Santa Comba [= Dao, 08 ° 35 ’ S 15 ° 04 ’ E], 7 – 8. iii. 1972, Southern African Exp. (BMNH). CHAD: 1 F, Museum Paris, Baguirmi Tcheckna, Mission Chari­Tchad, viii. 1904, A. Chevalier (MNHN); 2 F, Est de fort Archambault [= Sarh 9 ° 13 ’ 45 ” N 18 ° 14 ’ 56 ” E], Pays Gaulei et Nara, de Gangara Anara et Ngablo, Mission Chari Tchad, vi. 1904, D. J. Decorse (MNHN). DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO: 2 M, Congo Belge, P. N. G. [= Parc National de la Garamba 3 ° 45 ’ N 28 ° 48 ’ E], PFSK. 5 / 3 / 20. vi. 52, H. de Saeger, (BMNH); 1 M, Congo Belge PNG [= Parc National de la Garamba 3 ° 45 ’ N 28 ° 48 ’ E], Miss H. de Saeger, II / fc / 17, 25. ix. 1951, Rec. H. de Saeger 2471 (BMNH); 1 F, Congo Belge PNG [= Parc National de la Garamba 3 ° 45 ’ N 28 ° 48 ’ E], Miss H. de Saeger, II / gc / 11, 5. x. 1951, Rec. H. de Saeger 2521 (BNMH); 1 F, Kambove [10 ° 52 ’ 35 ” S 26 ° 35 ’ 49 ” E], Katanga, 11. vi. 07, 4000 – 5000 ', Neave Coll. (BMNH); 1 F, Congo Lualaba R. [river, 09 ° 43 ’ S 28 ° 39 ’ E], 28. v. 04, 2500, Neave (BMNH); 1 F, Congo, Lualaba R. [river, 09 o 43 S 28 o 39 E], 2500 – 4000, 28. v. 04, Neave (BMNH); 1 F, Zambi Congo, 6 ° S 12 ° 50 ’ E, 22. vi. 1915 (AMNH); 1 M, Musee Du Congo, Wombali [3 ° 16 ’ S 17 ° 20 ’ E], ix. 1913, P. Vanderijst (USNM); 1 M, Uéle River, Congo, 3 ° 30 ’ N 23 ° 30, Bafuka (USNM): 1 M, Musée du Congo, Uéle, Suranga, De Greeff (MRAC). GABON: 1 M, W. Africa, A. I. Good CM Acc 4189, 20. xii. 1909, CMNH 23, 140 (CMNH); 1 M, Mwadi, 2. v. 63, Col. G Bernaroli (MNHN). MALI: 1 F, Mali Klela [11 ° 41 ’ 60 ” N 5 ° 40 ’ 0 ” W, 331 m] 9. x. 1970, D. Wintrebert rec. (MNHN). SENEGAL: 1 F, Kandislan Sul Riz, 4. viii. 1980, J. Etienne rec (MNHN). UGANDA: 1 M, 1 F, near Kakoge 22. vii. 1962, D. J. Greathead, (BMNH); 1 F, Kampala­Entebbe, 24. v. 1958, Road: Mpigi [0 ° 13 ’ 34 ” N 32 ° 20 ’ 22 ” E], J. Bowden, (BMNH); 1 M, 1 F, 1909, Col. Sir D. Bruce, A. M. S, (BMNH); 1 F, Ponte Bell [=? Port Bell 0 ° 13 ’ 34 ” N 32 ° 33 ’ 50 ” E], 20. iii. 1912, (BMNH); 1 M, nr. Kaguku, 1. ix. 1962, D. J. Greathead, (BMNH). YEMEN: 1 M, W. Aden Prot. Wadi east of, Jebel Mafari ca. 4200 ft, 27. ix. 1937 B. M. Exp. to S. W. Arabia, H. Scott and E. B. Britton (BMNH). Distribution (Tables 1, 2; Fig. 196). Wide spread; captured from November through August. Remarks. Afroestricus vittatus is distinguished from most congeners by the characters in the key and terminalia (Figs. 177 – 186). It is similar to A. sankofa and A. vorax in an unusually narrow base of cell m 1, the strongly arched base of vein M 1, strong black posteroventral bristle on the apical 1 / 3 of the middle femur of both sexes, and a prominent apical spur on the hind tibia of the male, but is distinguished from them by the presence of a deep dorsoapical notch on the epandrium (Fig. 177).	en	Scarbrough Table Of Contents, Aubrey G. (2005): Afroestricus, a new Afrotropical Ommatine (Diptera: Asilidae) genus with twenty species and two species groups. Zootaxa 1041 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1041.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1041.1.1
B5602620352FFFBFFEC7F9F1623DF9BB.taxon	description	Figs. 187 – 192, 196 Male. Because of its similarity to A. vittatus and A. sanfoka only significant characters are included. Measurements, body 19 mm; wing 12.6 mm. FHWR 1.0: 4.3; FWLR 1.0: 2.0; m 1 WR 1.0: 3.6: 3.9; HFWLR 1.0: 30. Head: Postocular bristles extend to midlateral margin of head. Abdomen: Apical three segments with one bristle in each apical corner. Terminalia (Figs. 187 – 192): Epandrium broadly rounded apically, with a small dorsoapical notch. Gonostylus and aedeagus distinctive. Hypandrium round apically. Female. Measurements, body 18.0 mm; wing 13.4 mm; FHWR 1.0: 4.2; FWLR 1.0: 2.0; m 1 WR 1.0: 4.1: 4.3; HFWLR 1.0: 4.2. Abdomen: Terga 6 to 8 and sternum 7 with sparse, unusually stout, black bristles. Terminalia: Damaged, not dissected. Type material. Holotype M, NIGER: Tsernaoua, 13 ° 53 ’ N 5 ° 20 ’ E, 13. viii. 1987, Narigot, A. Paolt, rec. (MRAC). Paratype: 1 M, [UGANDA] Musée Du Congo, E. Lac. Albert: Butiaba [1 ° 48 ’ 30 ” N 31 ° 12 ’ 59 ” E], 20. ix. 1937, H. J. Brédo (MRAC). Additional material. 1 F [poor condition, abdomen damaged apically], same data as holotype (MRAC). Distribution (Tables 1, 2; Fig. 196). Niger and Uganda; collected in August and September (Tables 1, 2). Etymology. Latin vorax for vicious, referring to the predaceous habits of asilids. Remarks. Afroestricus vorax is similar to A. sankofa and A. vittatus in the unusually thick femora of the male, the stout posteroventral bristle on the middle femora of both sexes but is distinguished from them by the characters of the terminalia (Figs. 187 – 192).	en	Scarbrough Table Of Contents, Aubrey G. (2005): Afroestricus, a new Afrotropical Ommatine (Diptera: Asilidae) genus with twenty species and two species groups. Zootaxa 1041 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1041.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1041.1.1
