identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
B57B4E4BFFF77820D5E12A503CE13785.text	B57B4E4BFFF77820D5E12A503CE13785.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudochironomus	<div><p>Genus Pseudochironomus</p><p>Male and Female. AS in Saether (1977) except that acroStichalS may be preSent or abSent on thorax.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B57B4E4BFFF77820D5E12A503CE13785	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Trivinho-Strixino, Susana	Trivinho-Strixino, Susana (2017): Brazilian Pseudochironomini (Diptera: Chironomidae) Part 1. New Pseudochironomus Malloch from highlands. Zootaxa 4317 (1): 134-154, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4317.1.6
B57B4E4BFFF7782BD5E1293739EE3156.text	B57B4E4BFFF7782BD5E1293739EE3156.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudochironomus ruah Trivinho-Strixino 2017	<div><p>Pseudochironomus ruah sp. n. Shimabukuro &amp; Trivinho-Strixino</p><p>Type material. Holotype male BRAZIL, MG, PaSSa-Quatro, Pedra da Mina Mountain, Vale do Ruah, firSt order Stream, 22˚24'697''S 44˚50'930''W, 2575 m a.S.l., 14.x.2014, E.M. Shimabukuro, G. Perbiche-NeVeS &amp; V.S. Saito (I1 – 15, LEIA-UFSCar). ParatypeS: three maleS (I1 – 16–18, LEIA-UFSCar), three femaleS (I1 – 19–21, LEIA- UFSCar), three pupal exuViae (I1 – 22–23, LEIA-UFSCar) and three larVae, Same data aS holotype, except for 5.Viii.2013 (I1 – 24, LEIA-UFSCar). Additional material examined: one male, one female and fiVe larVae, Same data aS holotype.</p><p>Etymology. Named after the type locality, Ruah Valley at Pedra da Mina mountain . The name iS treated aS a noun in appoSition.</p><p>Diagnostic characters. Adult male: total length 4.23–5.20 mm; wing length 3.0 0–3.34 mm; preSence of acroStichalS; TIX wide, with a notch, and oVerlapping approximately the half of inferior VolSella; gonoStyluS broad and Short; median VolSella enlarged and Somewhat flattened, preSenting one or more thin and long Setae; Superior VolSella without microtrichia, but preSenting one long Seta; parS VentraliS completely diVided; dark brown mark in tibial/femur connection. Female: thorax with dark brown markS; thorax with acroStichalS; cerci 174–245 µm long. Pupa: exuVia dark brown; thoracic horn 356–406 µm long; median and poSterior precornealS ariSing from an apparently tough protuberance; a pair of tubercleS on SI with few and SparSe SpineS; TI bare; TV-TVIII with thin D1 Setae; anal lobe with 28–33 double fringe of taeniate Setae. Larva: cephalic capSule dark brown, mentum, clawS of poSterior parapodS and mandible teeth, except apical tooth, black; mentum with 11 teeth; fiVe median teeth forming a conciSe and Somewhat iSolate group, the three median higher than the other teeth, and the Second lateral Very Small and fuSed with the firSt lateral; fifth and Sixth lateral teeth flattened and fuSed, SometimeS preSenting a Small fiSSure; baSal Segment of antenna Slightly Smaller than premandible; AR=1.41–1.89.</p><p>Adult male (n = 4)</p><p>Total length 4.23–5.20 mm. Wing 3.00– 3.34 mm long and 0.92–0.97 mm wide. Total length/wing length 1.27– 1.61. Wing length/length of profemur 2.29–2.88.</p><p>Colouration: Tergite brown with pale areaS in the inSertion of Setae; Sternite pale, except SVI-SVII, which are Similar to dorSal colouration pattern. Thorax pale with dark brown markS (Fig. 1 a). Wing hyaline with yellow VeinS. FemurS yellow, tibiae and tarSi with light brown colouration. All legS with dark brown mark in tibial/femur connection.</p><p>Head. AR = 2.95–3.28. Antenna 988–1000 µm long. 13 flagellomereS. LaSt flagellomere 737–769 µm long (3); more than 20 temporal Setae. ClypeuS with 18–21 Setae. Palpomere lengthS (µm) 56–81; 81–113; 188–219, 250–278; 294–363. Third palpomere with a Slight fingerlike proceSS.</p><p>Thorax (Fig. 1 a). AcroStichalS 5–9 (2), uniSerial (Fig. 1 a); antepronotalS, in lateral poSition 8–10, Small; dorSocentralS 13–18 in a Single row, ariSing from pale areaS; prealarS 5–7; Scutellum with 26–30 Setae, irregularly diStributed in double row.</p><p>Wing. VR 1.10. Brachiolum with 1–3 Setae. R with 15–20 Setae. R1 with 5–9. R4+5 with 2–7 apical Setae. Squama with 26–32 Setae.</p><p>Legs. Tibial SpurS lengthS (µm): front 59–72, mid 81–100 and 81–106, hind 84–106 µm and 94–116. LengthS and proportionS of legS aS in Table 2.</p><p>Hypopygium (Fig. 2 a). Tergite IX broad and long, poSterior margin with a median notch with 20–22 Setae (Fig. 2 c), oVerlapping half of inferior VolSella (Fig. 2 a). LateroSternite IX with 6–14 Setae. Phallapodeme 100–112 µm long. TranSVerSe Sternapodeme 89–121 µm long. Superior VolSella 114–138 µm long (Fig. 2 b), apically concaVe, ending in two pointS, one 25 µm long and the other 9 µm long; without microtrichia, but with one long Seta; inferior VolSella foot Shaped 89–97 µm long and completely hairy, with microtrichia and long Setae; longeSt apical Setae 46 µm long; median VolSella flattened15–16 µm long bearing 1–4 apical Setae 26–40 µm, and 1 Setae aboVe median VolSella 31 µm long. All Setae on median VolSella long and thin. Gonocoxite 226–246 µm long. GonoStyluS broad and Short 145–208 µm long. HR = 1.1–1.6. ParS VentraliS completely diVided, 69–85 µm long and 9–17 µm wide lobeS (Fig. 2 d).</p><p>Female (n = 3)</p><p>Total length 4.5–5.5 mm. Wing length 3.1–3.5 mm long and 1.0– 1.1 mm wide.</p><p>Colouration. Colour aS male.</p><p>Head. Antenna 403–447 µm long. AR 0.87–0.93. FiVe flagellomereS. LaSt flagellomere 215–231 µm long. TemporalS 30–32 (2). ClypeuS with 18–23 Setae. Length of palp SegmentS 2–5 (µm): 94–112; 144–225; 250–269; 350–375 (1). Slightly fingerlike proceSS on third palpomere.</p><p>Thorax chaetotaxy. AcroStichalS 2–5, uniSerial; antepronotalS, in lateral poSition 8–9; dorSocentralS 14–22; prealarS 6–7; ScutellarS 29.</p><p>Wing. VR 1.06–1.09. Brachiolum with 2 Setae. R with 22–25; R1 with 11–15; R4+5 with 21–36, lacking Seta proximally. Squama with 27–39 Setae.</p><p>Legs. Tibial Spur lengthS (µm) front 57–71; middle 86–93 and 92–105, hind 89–103 and 106–110. Length and LR proportion of legS aS in Table 3.</p><p>Genitalia: Gca VIII Strong, rounded poSteriorly. SVIII bearing 24–28 Setae irregularly diStributed at each Side. GPVIII 58–88 (2) µm long. Seminal capSule 128–146 µm. Notum 149–175 µm long. Gonocoxite IX 41 –61 µm long. PoStgenital plate 28–54 µm long. CercuS 174–245 µm long.</p><p>Pupa (n = 3)</p><p>Total length 4.83–5.83 mm. ExuViae dark brown.</p><p>Cephalotorax. Frontal Setae abSent. Thoracic horn (Fig. 3 f) 356–406 µm long, Smooth. Three precornealS, median and poSterior ariSing from a tough protuberance (Fig. 3 f); anterior precorneal 131–189 µm long, median precorneal 192–230 µm long and poSterior precorneal 65–111 µm long, median and poSterior ariSing from a tough protuberance; 2 antepronotalS, one with 172–223 µm and the other with 194–265 µm, 4 dorSocentralS, Dc1 69–92 µm long, Dc2 54–155 µm long, Dc3 108–123 µm long, Dc4 61–89 µm long, Dc1Separated from Dc2 by 35–46 µm; Dc3 Separated from Dc4 by 55–81 µm; and Dc2 from Dc4 by 528–578 µm.</p><p>Abdomen (Fig. 3 a–b). Tergite I bare; TII–TVI coVered with Shagreen; TVII–TVIII with Shagreen only on anterior margin; SI with one pair of tubercleS with few and SparSe SpineS (Fig. 3 c); TIII with anterior band of Strong SpinuleS. Hook row continuouS with about 67–90 curVed SpineS occupying near 1/3 width of Segment II. ConjunctiVeS III/IV to IV/V with 6 rowS of Sclerotized Spinulae. TV–TVIII with thin D1 Setae aS in figure 3e. PedeS Spurii A abSent. Segment VIII with poSterolateral comb, with 4–8 caudolateral SpineS (Fig. 3 d); the longeSt Spine with 25–31 µm long. SegmentS II and III with one Small L Setae and one dorSolateral Setae. Segment IV with one L Seta. PedeS Spurii B preSent on Segment II and III. SegmentS V–VIII with 3, 4, 4, 5 taeniate Setae. Anal lobe 338–369 µm long, with 28–33 double fringe of taeniate Setae and a pair of dorSal Setae.</p><p>Larva (n = 3)</p><p>Colouration. Head dark brown; mentum, mandibular teeth except apical tooth black, clawS on parapodS Strong and black.</p><p>Head. Head 615–877 µm wide. Antenna with 5 SegmentS (Fig. 4 c), length of antennal SegmentS (µm) 123–131; 28 (2); 17–21 (2); 11–14 (2); 6–9 (2). AR = 1.41–1.89. Antennal blade 69–89 (2) µm long. Lauterborn organ 8 (2) µm long. Premandible 140–181 µm long (Fig. 4 g). Pecten epipharyngiS with 3 teeth (Fig. 4 e), 8–18 (2) µm long and 14–23 µm wide. Mentum 246–277 µm long, with 11 teeth (Fig. 4 a). FiVe median teeth forming a conciSe and Somewhat iSolate group, the three median higher than the other teeth and the Second lateral Very Small and fuSed with the firSt lateral. Fifth and Sixth lateral tooth Very flattened and fuSed, SometimeS preSenting a Small fiSSure. Mentum/head width: 0.28–0.45. DiStance between Submental Setae: 194–243 µm. Ventromental plateS 38–48 µm wide, touching each other at the midline. DorSal ScleriteS of head aS in figure 4b. Mandible 238–300 µm long (Fig. 4 d) with a pale and Strong apical tooth and three black inner teeth.</p><p>Abdomen. Length 9–10 mm. ProcercuS with 6–8 Setae each (Fig. 4 f). Anal Seta 656–712 µm long. SubbaSal Seta on procercuS 100–128 µm long. Anal tubuleS Short, 329–385 µm long. SubbaSal Seta on parapod 138–151 µm long. ParapodS clawS Strong.</p><p>Remarks. The adult maleS of P. ruah sp. n. reSemble the other new SpecieS by the preSence of acroStichalS, Superior VolSella without microtrichia and the parS VentraliS completely deVided. HoweVer, P. ruah sp. n. differS from itS congeneric by the larger body Size; by the Size and Shape of TIX, which iS longer and wider in P. ruah sp. n.; by the flattened median VolSella, bearing at leaSt one thin Seta; and by the preSence of only one Setae on Superior VolSella.</p><p>MoSt of the femaleS of Pseudochironomus remainS unknown or were not completely deScribed yet. A detailed deScription of Pseudochironomus fulviventris (JohanSen) iS giVen by Saether (1977), and although it preSentS Some SimilaritieS with P. ruah sp. n., they differ in colouration, Since P. ruah sp. n. preSentS dark brown thoracic marking and alSo preSentS few acroStichalS. They alSo differ in the Size of the cerci, Slightly Smaller in P. ruah sp. n. .</p><p>Pupa of P. ruah sp. n. iS Similar to the P. richardsoni one due to the preSence of one pair of tubercleS in SI, the Same colouration and the number of caudolateral SpineS, but they differ in the Size of thoracic horn, which iS more than two timeS larger and diVided in two brancheS in P. richarsoni . AlSo, P. ruah sp. n. preSentS more than 15 taeniate Setae on anal lobe. The pupa of P. ruah sp. n. alSo reSembleS Pseudochironomus Spec. 1 deScribed by Wiedenbrug (2000), due to the preSence of a pair of tubercleS on SI, howeVer, Pseudochironomus Spec. 1 haVe no SpineS on tubercleS.</p><p>Regarding the format and the number of teeth in mentum, the larVae of P. ruah sp. n. are Similar to Pseudochironomus articaudus Saether, 1977, but they differ by the AR ratio and the Size of baSal Segment of antenna, which are higher in P. ruah sp. n. .</p><p>Ecological notes. Pseudochironomus ruah sp. n. adultS were collected with emergence trapS (Shimabukuro et al. 2015) in marginal rockS of a Small mountain Stream, Situated at 2500 m. a.S.l. LarVae and pupae were collected right below where the trapS were Set. Although we tried to aSSociate immature and adultS uSing DNA barcoding, only SequenceS from adultS were good enough for the analySiS. HoweVer, we can confidently aSSociate larVae and pupae with adultS of P. ruah sp. n., due to the Sampling methodology (emergent adultS and encloSure immature inSide the trapS). The only SpecieS of Pseudochironomus that emerged in the trapS waS P. ruah sp. n., and further morphological analySiS of the immatureS reVealed the preSence of only one morphotype, preSumably the immatureS of P. ruah sp. n. . The water where immature waS collected waS cold and cryStalline; pH: 5.5 and diSSolVed oxygen: 7.4. The local Vegetation waS predominantly compoSed by natural Shrub and graSS field (CampoS de Altitude Vegetation).</p><p>DNA barcoding. COI barcodeS of ten adultS of Pseudochironomus ruah sp. n. haVe been SucceSSfully amplified and Sequenced, enabling the aSSociation between maleS and femaleS (Fig. 5). All SpecieS of PSeudochironomini formed diStinct cluSterS in the NJ tree (Fig. 5), and the fiVe cluSterS had itS BIN, Barcode Index Number (RatnaSingham &amp; Hebert 2013), compared. At the taxonomic leVel of genuS, Pseudochironomus SpecimenS did not cluSter together, forming 2 diStinct cluSterS and two unique SequenceS, repreSenting poSSibly 4 different SpecieS, including P. ruah sp. n. . The mean genetic diStance between both Pseudochironomus cluSterS (repreSented by BINS BOLD:ABD2966 and BOLD:AAG5477) waS 18.23%, which waS higher than between Pseudochironomus ruah sp. n. (BOLD:ABD2966) and Riethia Kieffer (BOLD:ACG1179—16.72%) and Slightly lower than P. ruah sp. n. and Manoa Fittkau (18.73%).</p><p>Maximum intraSpecific genetic diVergence baSed on K2P diStanceS were 0.15% for P. ruah sp. n. (BOLD:ABD2966) and Manoa xianjensis Qi &amp; Lin, 2017 (BOLD:ADC2680), 1.35% for Pseudochironomus Sp. (BOLD:AAG5477) and 18.1% for Riethia stictoptera Kieffer, 1917, howeVer aS already pointed out by Qi et al. (2017) it iS likely we are dealing with two diStinct taxa, in which different BINS haVe been already tentatiVely aSSigned (BOLD: AAJ4105 and BOLD:ACQ1179).</p><p>DNA Barcoding haS been uSed to confidently aSSociate chironomid aquatic life StageS (TriVinho-Strixino et al. 2012, TriVinho-Strixino &amp; Pepinelli 2015) and here enabled the aSSociation between maleS and femaleS of P. ruah sp. n. and alSo aSSociated maleS, femaleS and larVa of Pseudochironomus Sp., BIN BOLD:AAG5477, collected at different SiteS, Such aS maleS and femaleS from Manitoba and Ontario in Canada, and larVae apparently collected in the United StateS of America.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B57B4E4BFFF7782BD5E1293739EE3156	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Trivinho-Strixino, Susana	Trivinho-Strixino, Susana (2017): Brazilian Pseudochironomini (Diptera: Chironomidae) Part 1. New Pseudochironomus Malloch from highlands. Zootaxa 4317 (1): 134-154, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4317.1.6
B57B4E4BFFFC782CD5E12C4F39533147.text	B57B4E4BFFFC782CD5E12C4F39533147.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudochironomus jordensis Trivinho-Strixino 2017	<div><p>Pseudochironomus jordensis sp. n. Shimabukuro &amp; Trivinho-Strixino</p><p>Type material. Holotype male, BRAZIL, SP, CampoS do Jordão, Galharada Stream, 3rd order, 22°41”.29’S, 45°27”.42´W, 1584 m a.S.l., 14.ii.2002 (I1 – 25, LEIA-UFSCar). M. T. Suriano. Paratype: two male, Same data aS holotype (I1 – 26–27, LEIA-UFSCar), one male, Same data aS holotype, except for 05.xi.2001 (I1 – 28, LEIA- UFSCar), one pupal exuVia with larVa’S cephalic capSule, Same date aS holotype, except for 13.ix.2001 (I1 – 29, LEIA-UFSCar), one male pharate pupa with larVa’S cephalic capSule, male not completely mature, Same date aS holotype, except for 12.xi.1999 (I1 – 30, LEIA-UFSCar), and one pupa exuVie from BRAZIL, SP, CampoS do Jordão, Campo do Meio Stream, 2nd order, 22°41”.35’S, 45°29”23´W, 1500 m a.S.l., 13.ix.2001 (I1 – 31, LEIA- UFSCar), M. T. Suriano. FiVe larVae, Same data aS holotype, except for 9.xi.2001 (I1 – 32, LEIA-UFSCar).</p><p>Etymology. The Specific name iS in reference to the CampoS do Jordão State Park, where the SpecieS waS found.</p><p>Diagnostic characters. Adult male: total length 3.63–4.15 mm; wing length 2.6 8– 2.83 mm; preSence of thoracic acroSticalS; TIX broad, with a median terminal notch that do not reach the inferior VolSella; gonoStyluS broad and Short; median VolSella fine, carrying only two Strong and long Seta; Superior VolSella bare, with only one long Seta; parS VentraliS completely diVided. Pupa: exuVia light brown; preSence of a pair of tubercleS on SI, with many Small SpineS; TI with two patcheS of Shagreen; median and poSterior precornealS ariSing from an apparently tough protuberance; TVI, TVII and TVIII with broadened D1 Setae; anal lobe with 22–30 taeniate Setae. Larva: mentum; clawS of parapodS and mandible teeth, except apical tooth, dark brown; and cephalic capSule brown; mentum with 11 teeth; fifth and Sixth lateral teeth not fuSed; Sixth lateral tooth narrow, almoSt the half of fifth tooth’S width; baSal Segment of antenna Slightly Smaller than premandibule; AR = 1.33–1.67.</p><p>Male (n = 4)</p><p>Total length 3.63–4.15 mm. Wing 2.68–2.83 mm long, and 0.88–0.89 mm wide. Total length/wing length 1.28–1.51. Wing length/length of profemur 2.23–2.63.</p><p>Colouration: Thorax with brown markS (Fig. 1 b). TergiteS with brown bandS and pale SpotS in the inSertion of Setae. Femur yellow, tarSi with intenSe dark brown colour.</p><p>Head. AR = 3.32 (1). Antenna 1040 (1) µm long. 13 flagellomereS. LaSt flagellomere 800–831 µm long. ClypeuS with 24–29 Setae. Palpomere 1–5 lengthS 63–75; 63–125; 188–200, 244–281; 313–375 µm. Third palpomere with a Slight fingerlike proceSS.</p><p>Thorax (Fig. 1 b). AcroStichalS 5, uniSerial (3) (Fig. 1 b); AntepronotalS, in lateral poSition 4–8 (3), Small; dorSocentralS 13–17 (3) in a Single row, ariSing from pale areaS; prealarS 5–6 (3); Scutellum with 19–33 (3) Setae, double row.</p><p>Wing. VR 1.11–1.16. Brachiolum with 2 Setae, R with 21–28 Setae, R1 with 9–12, R4+5 5–8 apical Setae. Squama with 25–30 Setae.</p><p>Legs. Spur of fore tibia 63–75 µm long; SpurS of mid tibia 66–94 µm and 81–93 µm long; SpurS of hind tibia 59–91 µm and 81–100 µm long. Length and legS proportionS aS in Table 4.</p><p>Hypopygium (Fig. 6 a). Tergite IX broad, poSterior margin with a median notch that do not reach the inferior VolSella (Fig. 6 c) with 8–15 Setae. LateroSternite IX with 8–11 (3) Setae. Phallapodeme 108–115 µm long. TranSVerSe Sternapodeme 137–155 µm long. Superior VolSella bare (Fig. 6 b) 108–126 µm long curVed, apically concaVe ending aS two pointS, with one point 26 µm and the other 9 µm long, and with only one long Setae 31 µm; inferior VolSella foot Shaped, 95–106 µm long, longeSt apical Setae on inferior VolSella with 32–46 µm long, median VolSella fine and long 18–22 µm, bearing 2 apical Setae long 38–49 µm and Strong. Gonocoxite 198–254 µm long. GonoStyluS broad and Short 157–197 µm. HR = 1.2–1.3. ParS VentraliS (Fig. 6 d) completely diVided into two 68–77 (2) µm long and 11–12 (2) µm wide lobeS.</p><p>Pupa (n = 3)</p><p>Total length 4.9–5.7 mm. ExuViae light brown.</p><p>Cephalotorax (Fig. 7 f). Frontal Setae abSent. Thoracic horn, 169–312 µm long, Smooth. Three precornealS, median and poSterior ariSing from a tough protuberance; Anterior precorneal 100–114 (2) µm, median 157–180 µm, poSterior 55–138 µm long; 2 antepronotalS, one with 114–131 µm and the other with 197–209 µm, 4 dorSocentralS, Dc1 66–123 (2) µm long, Dc2 64–183 µm long, Dc3 56–128 (2) µm long, Dc4 77–85 µm long (2), diStance from Dc1 and Dc 2 29–65 µm; diStance from Dc3 and Dc4 77–85 µm; diStance from Dc2 and Dc3 428–497 µm.</p><p>Abdomen (Fig. 7 a–b). Tergite I with two patcheS of Shagreen. TII–TVI coVered with Shagreen, and TVII–TVIII with Shagreen on anterior margin. TV–TVIII with broadened D1 Setae (Fig. 7 e). TIII with anterior band of Strong Spinulae. Hook row continuouS with near 61–78 curVed SpineS occupying near 1/3 width of Segment II. ConjunctiVeS III/IV to IV/V with 6 rowS of Sclerotized SpinuleS. TIII–TVI SometimeS preSentig poSterior dark SpotS. SI with one pair of tubercleS with many Small SpineS (Fig. 7 c); PedeS Spurii A abSent. Segment VIII with poSterolateral comb with 4–7 caudolateral SpineS (Fig. 7 d), 25–28 µm long. Segment II and III with one Small L Setae and one dorSolateral Setae. Segment IV with one L Seta. PedeS Spurii B preSent on Segment II and III but Very Slight. Segment V–VIII with 3, 4, 4, 5 L taeniate Setae. Anal lobe 2 61–338 µm long, with 22–30 double fringe of taeniate Setae and a pair of dorSal Setae.</p><p>Larva (n = 4)</p><p>Colouration. Head brown; mentum, mandibular teeth except apical tooth, clawS of parapodS and occipital margin dark brown.</p><p>Head. 462–692 (2) µm wide. Antenna with 5 SegmentS, length of antennal SegmentS (µm) 107–112; 20–28; 12–21; 11–15; 5–8 µm (Fig. 8 b). AR = 1.33–1.67. Antennal blade 66–85 µm long. Lauterborn organ 9–11 µm long. Premandible 118–131 µm long (Fig. 8 f). Pecten epipharyngiS 8–18 µm long (Fig. 8 d). Mentum 154–200 µm long (Fig. 8 a), with median tooth and 5 lateral teeth, Second lateral tooth Small and fuSed with the firSt lateral tooth, fifth and Sixth teeth not fuSed; Sixth tooth narrow, approximately with half of fifth tooth’S width. Mentum/head ratio: 0.27–0.34. DiStance between Submental Setae: 151–200 µm. Ventromental plateS 35–40 µm wide. Mandible 168– 226 µm long (Fig. 8 e). DorSal ScleriteS of head aS in figure 8c.</p><p>Abdomen. 9–10 mm long. ProcercuS with 8 Setae. Anal Setae 394–625 (2) µm long. SubbaSal Setae on procercuS 74–88 (2) µm. Anal tubuleS, 192–254 (2) µm long. SubaSal Seta on parapod 34–80 (2) µm long. ParapodS clawS dark brown.</p><p>Remarks. The male of P. jordensis sp. n. differS from P. ruah sp. n. by itS Small body Size; Size and Shape of TIX, which iS Shorter in P. jordensis sp. n.; and by the format of the median VolSella, which iS narrow and longer in P. jordensis sp. n., and by the number and thickneSS of Setae on it, once P. jordensis sp n. preSentS only two Strong and long Setae, while P. ruah haS Variable number of thin Setae on median VolSella.</p><p>The pupa of P. jordensis sp. n. reSembleS the pupa of P. ruah sp. n. and alSo the P. richardsoni one. It differS from P. ruah sp. n. by the number of SpineS in the tubercleS of SI, which are more numerouS in P. jordensis sp. n. . AlSo, D1 Setae on TVI, TVII and TVIII are approximately two timeS wider in P. jordensis sp. n., and contrary to P. ruah sp. n., the SpecieS preSent two patcheS of Shagreen in TI. P. jordensis sp. n. and P. ruah sp. n. pupae alSo differS from P. richardsoni oneS in Size and Shape of thoracic horn.</p><p>The larVa of P. jordensis sp. n. iS Similar to the P. articaudus one, due to the format and the number of teeth in mentum, but they differ in AR ratio and in the Size of baSal Segment of antenna, which are higher in P. jordensis sp. n. . The larVa of P. jordensis sp. n. can be diStinguiShed from P. ruah sp. n. by the darker colour of teeth and clawS in P. ruah sp. n. . AlSo, the laSt Sixth tooth in mentum iS Smaller than the fifth and not fuSed in P. jordensis sp. n. .</p><p>Ecological notes. LarVae were collected in mountain StreamS from SoutheaStern Brazil, with low depth and tranSparent water, diSSolVed oxygen 8.6–10.4 mg.l -1 and pH about 5–6. The altitude at the Sampling SiteS waS higher than 1500 m a.S.l.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B57B4E4BFFFC782CD5E12C4F39533147	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Trivinho-Strixino, Susana	Trivinho-Strixino, Susana (2017): Brazilian Pseudochironomini (Diptera: Chironomidae) Part 1. New Pseudochironomus Malloch from highlands. Zootaxa 4317 (1): 134-154, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4317.1.6
B57B4E4BFFFB782DD5E12C403C9230BF.text	B57B4E4BFFFB782DD5E12C403C9230BF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudochironomus mocidade Trivinho-Strixino 2017	<div><p>Pseudochironomus mocidade sp. n. Shimabukuro &amp; Trivinho-Strixino</p><p>Type material. Holotype male, BRAZIL, Roraima State, Serra da Mocidade, 01°42”.225’S, 61°47”.079´W, light trap cloSe to the Stream, 996 m a.S.l., 27.i.2016. J.M.C. NaScimento (I1 – 33, LEIA-UFSCar). Paratype: one male, Same data aS holotype, except for 29.i.2016 (I1 – 34, LEIA-UFSCar), and one male, Same data aS holotype, except for 02.ii.2016 (I1 – 35, LEIA-UFSCar)</p><p>Etymology. Named after the type-locality Serra da Mocidade in Roraima State. The name iS treated aS a noun in appoSition.</p><p>Diagnostic characters. Adult male: total length 2.6–3.8 mm; wing length 2.0– 2.6 mm; preSence of acroStichalS; TIX with protruding end projecting from the tergite, terminal notch preSent; gonoStyluS Short and broad; median VolSella thin with one apical Seta and another Seta right aboVe; Superior VolSella bare, preSenting two long Setae; parS VentraliS completely diVided.</p><p>Male (n =3)</p><p>Total length 2.6–3.8 mm. Wing 2.0– 2.6 mm long and 0.61–0.89 mm wide. Total length/wing length 1.32–1.48. Wing length/length of profemur 1.98–2.18.</p><p>Colouration: General colouration brown. Thorax with dark brown marking (Fig. 1 c). TergiteS brown with pale SpotS in the inSertion of Setae. Femur yellow, tibia and tarSi brown.</p><p>Head. AR= 3.46 (1). Antenna 1031 µm long. 13 flagellomereS. LaSt flagellomere 800 µm long; 34–37 temporal Setae. ClypeuS with 23–31 Setae. Palpomere 2–5 lengthS (µm) 75–113; 175–213; 200–262; 306–319. Third palpomere with a Slight fingerlike proceSS.</p><p>Thorax (Fig. 1 c). AcroStichalS 3–6, uniSerial (Fig. 1 c); antepronotalS, in lateral poSition 6–11, Small; dorSocentralS 11–13 in a Single row, ariSing from pale areaS; prealarS 3–5; Scutellum with 19–26 Setae, double row.</p><p>Wing. VR 1.05–1.16. Brachiolum with 2 Setae. R with 19–25 Setae. R1 with 6–11. R4+5 0–14, proximally abSent. Squama with 23–27 (2) Setae.</p><p>Legs. Spur of fore tibia 31–58 long; SpurS of mid tibia 55–72 and 65–75 µm long; SpurS of hind tibia 66–81 and 71–85 long. Length of legS and LR proportion aS in Table 5.</p><p>Hypopygium (Fig. 9 a). PoSterior margin of tergite IX with median notch (Fig. 9 c) with 8–9 (2) Setae and projecting from the tergite. LateroSternite IX with 4–13 Setae. Phallapodeme 67–99 µm long. TranSVerSe Sternapodeme 92–134 µm long. Superior VolSella (Fig. 9 b) 68–94 µm long curVed, apically concaVe ending aS two pointS, with one point 15 µm and the other with 8 µm long, whithout microtrichia, but with two long Setae: Superior Seta with 29 µm and the inferior with 25 µm. Inferior VolSella foot Shaped, 78–92 µm long, with microtrichia and long Setae, longeSt apical Setae 25–30 µm long. Median VolSella 12–18 µm long, thin, and bearing one apical Seta 38–40 µm, and one Seta 23–25 µm long aboVe median VolSella. Gonocoxite 105–148 µm long. GonoStyluS Short and broad 55–85 µm. HR = 1.7–1.9. ParS VentraliS completely diVided (Fig. 9 d) into two, 66–74 µm long and 12– 15 µm wide lobeS.</p><p>Remarks. The Small body Size and the preSence of an additional Setae on Superior VolSella differS P. mocidade sp. n. from the cloSe related SpecieS: P. ruah sp. n. and P. jordensis sp. n. . In addition, different from P. ruah sp. n. and P. jordensis sp. n., P. mocidade sp. n. preSentS the terminal region of TIX protruding.</p><p>Ecological notes. The three adult maleS were collected uSing light trapS Setting up near StreamS in a Amazonian mountainouS region at approximately 1000 m a.S.l., in a Site characterized by a denSe canopy coVer. Temperature from the Stream water waS 19.5°C, pH: 5.39–6.75 and conductiVity 12 µS.cm -1.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B57B4E4BFFFB782DD5E12C403C9230BF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Trivinho-Strixino, Susana	Trivinho-Strixino, Susana (2017): Brazilian Pseudochironomini (Diptera: Chironomidae) Part 1. New Pseudochironomus Malloch from highlands. Zootaxa 4317 (1): 134-154, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4317.1.6
B57B4E4BFFFA7830D5E12C693C4C3075.text	B57B4E4BFFFA7830D5E12C693C4C3075.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudochironomus surianae Trivinho-Strixino 2017	<div><p>Pseudochironomus surianae sp. n. Shimabukuro &amp; Trivinho-Strixino</p><p>Type material. Holotype male, BRAZIL, SP, CampoS do Jordão, Galharada Stream, 3rd order, 22°41”.29’S, 45°27”.42’W, 1584 m a.S.l., 09.xi.1999. M. T. Suriano, (I1 – 36, LEIA-UFSCar). Paratype: three maleS, Same data aS holotype (I1 – 37 – 39, LEIA-UFSCar).</p><p>Etymology. Named in honour to Dr. Marcia ThaiS Suriano who collected theSe SpecimenS.</p><p>Diagnostic characters. Adult male: total length 2.89–3.40 mm; wing length 2.0 1–2.38 mm; preSence of acroStichalS; Short inferior VolSella; margin of TIX rounded and continuouS, without notch; gonoStyluS long and narrow; parS VentraliS leaf–Shaped, completely diVided.</p><p>Male (n = 4)</p><p>Total length 2.89–3.40 mm. Wing 2.01–2.38 mm long and 0.59–0.67 mm wide. Total length/wing length 1.31– 1.46. Wing length/length of profemur 2.33–2.53.</p><p>Colouration: Thorax uniformly brown, without marking (Fig. 1 d). Abdomen with brown bandS on tergiteS. Wing hyaline with yellow VeinS. Femur yellow, tibia and tarSi dark brown</p><p>Head. AR 1.44–1.59. 13 flagellomereS. LaSt flagellomere length 612–662 µm. ClypeuS with 13–14 Setae. Palpomere –lengthS (µm) 37–59; 50–78; 116–156, 153–203, 225–291. Third palpomere with a Slight fingerlike proceSS.</p><p>Thorax (Fig. 1 d). AcroStichalS 0–2 (Fig. 1 d); antepronotalS 2–3, lateral, Small; dorSocentralS 11–13 in a Single row, ariSing from pale areaS; prealarS 3–4; Scutellum with 11–16 Setae, Simple to double.</p><p>Wing. VR 1.16–1.21. Brachiolum with 2–3 Setae, R with 16–21 Setae, R1 with 2–7, R4+ 5 9–14 apical Setae. Squama with 7–15 Setae.</p><p>Legs. Spur of fore tibia 44–53 µm long; SpurS of mid tibia 41–53 and 53–59 µm long; SpurS of hind tibia 41–62 µm and 44–62 µm long. Length of legS and LR proportion aS in Table 6.</p><p>Hypopygium (Fig. 10 a). Tergite IX (Fig. 10 c) without notch, with a rounded margin bearing 8–21 Setae. LateroSternite IX with 4–6 Setae. Phallapodeme 55–80 µm long. TranSVerSe Sternapodeme 77–89 µm long. Superior VolSella (Fig. 10 b) 72–91 µm long curVed, apically concaVe ending aS two pointS, the longeSt with 23 µm long. Inferior VolSella Short 43–54 µm long, with microtrichia and long Setae, longeSt apical Setae 29–58 µm long. Median VolSella 12–17 µm long bearS 1 apical Setae 17–25 µm, and one Subapical Seta. Gonocoxite 143–207 µm long. GonoStyluS long 155–169 µm and narrow. HR = 0.9–1.2. ParS VentraliS completely diVided, leaf-Shaped (Fig. 10 d), 58–78 µm long and 22–25 µm maximum wide.</p><p>Remarks. P. surianae sp. n., aS well aS P. ruah sp. n., P. jordensis sp. n. and P. mocidade sp. n. preSentS thoracic acroStichalS. HoweVer, P. surianae sp. n. differS from the other SpecieS by the Size and format of the inferior VolSella, which iS Shorter in P. surianae sp. n.; by the rounded margin of TIX, lacking a terminal notch; by the format of the gonoStyluS, which iS longer and narrower in P. surianae sp. n.; and by the leaf–Shaped format of parS VentraliS.</p><p>Ecological notes. AdultS were collected in light trapS near low-depth StreamS in mountain region of SoutheaStern Brazil. The altitude at the Sampling SiteS waS higher than 1500 m a.S.l.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B57B4E4BFFFA7830D5E12C693C4C3075	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Trivinho-Strixino, Susana	Trivinho-Strixino, Susana (2017): Brazilian Pseudochironomini (Diptera: Chironomidae) Part 1. New Pseudochironomus Malloch from highlands. Zootaxa 4317 (1): 134-154, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4317.1.6
