identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
3B05C4F631AD50F7B51A9B5596DE560E.text	3B05C4F631AD50F7B51A9B5596DE560E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hylomus borealis Nguyen & Vu & Nguyen 2025	<div><p>Hylomus borealis sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 5, 6, 7</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Holotype. Vietnam • 1 male; Cao Bang Province, Pia Oac-Pia Den National Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.8622&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.554" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.8622/lat 22.554)">on the way to Hang Ong</a>; 22.5540 ° N, 105.8622 ° E; 850 m a. s. l.; 8 May 2021; Anh D. Nguyen leg.; bushes; IEBR-Myr 908 H . Paratypes. Vietnam • 2 females; same data as for holotype; IEBR-Myr 908 P • 2 females; same data as for holotype; IEBR-Myr 906 • 2 females; same data as for the holotype, but 8 Jun. 2020; IEBR-Myr 851 • 1 female; same data as for sample IEBR-Myr 851; IEBR-Myr 854 .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The species can be discriminated from the congeners by the presence of spiniform paraterga; metaterga densely covered with microgranulations; midbody metaterga with two rows of setiferous spines: 2 + 2 in anterior row and 2 + 2 near posterior margin, the anterior row hardly seen, the posterior row more distinct; male femora 6 each with a large tubercle ventrally; sternite 5 with a large, sparsely setose, bifid, trapeziform lamina between male coxae 4; epiproct with several evident setiferous knobs near tip; gonopod solenophore partly folded to sheathe distal part of solenomere; tip of solenophore consisting of seven overlapping laminae.</p><p>The new species is similar to H. proximus in body size and shape, but the two species are distinguished by the number of metatergal posterior spines (2 + 2 vs 3 + 3), male femoral modifications (femur 6 vs femora 5 &amp; 6), and gonopod conformation. The new species has a well-developed gonopod solenophore (sph); a broadly rounded lamina medialis, partly folded to sheathe distal part of solenomere; and gonopod tip consisting of seven overlapping laminae while H. proximus has a gonopod femorite that is subequal to the postfemoral region in length; both solenophore and solenomere long; and a serrated solenophore tip.</p><p>Hylomus borealis sp. nov. is also similar to H. jeekeli (Golovatch &amp; Enghoff, 1994) from northern Thailand in terms of general body and gonopod shape. However, the new species can be distinguished from it by the combination of these characters: smaller in size with 10.4 mm in males and 12.3–13.4 mm in females (vs 15–16 mm in males and 18–20 mm in females); metaterga with 2 + 2 spines in posterior rows (vs 3 + 3 spines); modification in only femur 6 (vs femora 6 and 7); tip of solenophore consisting of seven overlapping laminae and not serrate (vs serrated solenophore).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>An adjective epithet “ borealis ” refers to the northern-most province (Cao Bang) of Vietnam, the type locality.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Holotype length 10.4 mm, width of mid pro- and metazona 0.6 mm and 1.8 mm (distance between two paratergal tips), respectively. Female length 12.3–13.4 mm, width of mid pro- and metazona 0.9–1.0 mm and 1.7–1.8 mm, respectively.</p><p>Coloration: Generally dark to castaneous brown except paratergal bases, sterna, leg coxae and prefemora whitish-yellow.</p><p>Head (Fig. 5 A, B): Clypeolabral region densely setose, vertex sparsely setose. Epicranial suture distinct, dividing frons into two equal parts; with setae along suture. Antenna slender, extremely long, reaching to body ring 5 if stretched along the body axis; antennomere 1 &lt;7 &lt;6 &lt;2 &lt;3 = 4 = 5 in length.</p><p>Collum (Fig. 5 B): Subequal to head in width; surface dull, coarsely and densely microgranulate, with three rows of spines: 3 + 3 spines in anterior row, 1 + 1 spines in intermediate row, and 2 + 2 spines in posterior row; all spines equal in size. Paratergum well developed; directed dorsad; highly elevated above dorsal surface; with two conspicuous teeth on anterior side.</p><p>Body rings: Rings 3 &lt;4 &lt;2 = 5–16 in width, thereafter gradually tapering towards telson. Prozona finely shagreened; metazona and pleura with microgranulations. Transverse sulcus present, but inconspicuous on metaterga 5–18. Axial line missing. Metaterga with two rows of setiferous spines: 2 + 2 spines in anterior row and 2 + 2 spines near posterior margin (Figs 5 C, 6 B), the anterior row hardly visible, the posterior row more distinct (Fig. 6 B). Suture between pro- and metazona broad, very shallow. Pleurosternal carinae present as a complete keel on body rings 2–3, then missing on subsequent body rings.</p><p>Paraterga (Fig. 5): Very well developed; directed laterodorsad; antler-shaped with a large branch and 2 small teeth on anterior side and 1 smaller spine on posterior side. Ozopore located between the first tooth and main branch of paraterga, visible in dorsal view.</p><p>Telson (Fig. 6 C): Epiproct with several evident setiferous knobs near tip; tip with four spinnerets; lateral tubercles well developed. Hypoproct sub-trapeziform, with two distolateral, completely separated, setiferous knobs.</p><p>Legs: Extremely long, slender and thin, c. 1.5–1.6 times as long as midbody height. Prefemora not swollen. Male femora 6 each ventrally with a large, robust tubercle in middle.</p><p>Sterna: with distinct cross-impression, no modification – except a large, sparsely setose, trapeziform lamina carrying two distal, separated lobes between male coxae 4 (Fig. 6 D).</p><p>Gonopod (Fig. 7): Suberect. Coxite (co) cylindrical, much shorter than femorite, sparsely setose distodorsally. Prefemorite (pref) densely setose, shorter than femorite as well. Femorite (fe) slightly enlarged distad, without a demarcation with postfemoral region. Postfemoral region slightly twisted mesad. Solenophore (sph) well developed; lamina medialis (lm) broadly rounded, partly folded to sheathe distal part of solenomere, lamina lateralis (ll) well developed. Seminal groove running entirely on mesal side, then entering a flagelliform solenomere (sl) which is partly sheathed by solenophore. Tip of gonopod consisting of seven overlapping laminae (Fig. 7 G).</p><p>DNA barcoding.</p><p>(Appendix 1) A fragment of the COI gene is accessioned at NCBI GenBank with the following accession number PQ 676352. The new species exhibits a COI gene similarity of 85.29 % identity with Hylomus proximus Nguyen, Golovatch &amp; Anichkin, 2005 (MG 669371) and 83.11 % identity with Desmoxytes takensis Srisonchai, Enghoff, Likhitrakarn &amp; Panha, 2016 (OR 765894).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3B05C4F631AD50F7B51A9B5596DE560E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Nguyen, Anh D.;Vu, Tam T. T.;Nguyen, Thu-Anh T.	Nguyen, Anh D., Vu, Tam T. T., Nguyen, Thu-Anh T. (2025): Mountainous millipedes in Vietnam. III. Two new dragon millipedes from limestone mountains in northern Vietnam (Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae, Hylomus), with an identification key to Vietnamese Hylomus species. ZooKeys 1223: 247-262, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1223.139649
831524D8E34E5890B8622D92AB730445.text	831524D8E34E5890B8622D92AB730445.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hylomus piccolo Nguyen & Vu & Nguyen 2025	<div><p>Hylomus piccolo sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 1, 2, 3, 4</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Holotype. Vietnam • 1 male; Cao Bang Province, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.8846&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.5943" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.8846/lat 22.5943)">Pia Oac-Pia Den National Park</a>; 22.5943 ° N, 105.8846 ° E; 1200 m a. s. l.; 9 May 2021; Anh D. Nguyen leg.; bushes; IEBR-Myr 904 H . Paratypes. Vietnam • 10 males, 5 females; same data as for holotype; EBR-Myr 904 P • 1 male, 1 female; same data as for holotype; IEBR-Myr 901 .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The species can be discriminated from the congeners by the presence of long spiniform paraterga, midbody metaterga with only two rows of 1 + 1 small setiferous spines in the middle and 2 + 2 longer setiferous spines near posterior margin; male femora 6 with a large tubercle ventrally; sternite 5 with a large, sparsely setose, bifid, trapeziform lamina between male coxae 4; epiproct without conspicuous setiferous knobs near tip; gonopod lamina lateralis broadly rounded, partly folded to sheathe distal part of solenomere; gonopod lamina medialis with a small rounded lobe at middle.</p><p>The new species is similar to Hylomus namek Nguyen et al., 2019 but differs from this species by the following characters: the ventral side of male femora 6 with a big, robust tubercle in the middle (vs. femora 6 and 7 with large tubercles); longer spiniform paraterga; and gonopod lamina medialis with a small rounded lobe in the middle (vs. without processes).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The name refers to “ piccolo ”, a main character of the Japanese manga “ Dragon balls ” by Toriyama Akira (Japan). Noun in apposition.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Length c. 11.6–12.8 mm (male), 13.9–15.2 mm (female); width of midbody pro- and metazona (distance between two paratergal tips) 0.6–0.8 mm (male), 1.12–1.25 mm (female) and 3.1–3.3 mm (male), 3.4–3.6 mm (female), respectively. Holotype length c. 11.8 mm, width of midbody pro- and metazona 0.74 mm and 3.2 mm, respectively.</p><p>Coloration: Generally darkish-red to darkish-brown except paraterga, sterna, legs whitish-yellow; distal part of main branch pinkish.</p><p>Head (Fig. 1 A – C): Clypeolabral region densely setose, vertex sparsely setose. Epicranial suture distinct, dividing frons into two equal parts; with setae along the suture. Antenna slender, extremely long, reaching back to body ring 7 if stretched along the body axis; antennomere 1 &lt;7 &lt;6 &lt;2 &lt;3 = 4 = 5 in length.</p><p>Collum (Fig. 1 C): Slightly narrower than head; surface dull, coarsely microgranulate; with two rows of spines: 3 + 3 spines in anterior row and 2 + 2 spines in posterior row. Paraterga of collum well developed, spiniform; directed dorsad; highly elevated above dorsal surface; with two conspicuous teeth on anterior side.</p><p>Body rings: Ring 3 &lt;4 &lt;2 = 5–16 in width, thereafter gradually tapering towards telson. Prozona finely shagreened; metazona and pleura with microgranulations. Transverse sulcus present, but inconspicuous on metaterga 5–18. Axial line missing. Metaterga with two rows of 1 + 1 smaller setiferous spines in middle and 2 + 2 longer setiferous spines near posterior margin (Fig. 2 B). Suture between pro- and metazona broad, very shallow. Pleurosternal carinae present as a complete keel on body rings 2–3, then missing on subsequent body rings.</p><p>Paraterga (Figs 1, 2): Very well developed; directed dorsad; long and spiniform with a large branch and 2–3 tiny teeth on anterior side (2 on poreless body rings and 3 on pore-bearing rings) and with 1 larger spine on posterior side. Paratergum on ring 19 directed caudad. Ozopore located between the second tooth and main branch of paraterga, visible in dorsal view.</p><p>Telson (Fig. 3 A, B): Epiproct without conspicuous setiferous knobs near tip, but broadly truncated; tip with four spinnerets; lateral tubercles well developed (Fig. 3 A). Hypoproct subtrapeziform, with two distolateral, completely separated, setiferous knobs (Fig. 3 B).</p><p>Legs: Extremely long, slender and thin, c. 1.8–2.0 times as long as midbody height. Prefemora not swollen. Male femora 6 each ventrally with a large, robust tubercle in middle (Figs 1 A, 3 C).</p><p>Sterna: With distinct cross-impressions, no modification – except a large, sparsely setose, bifid, trapeziform lamina between male coxae 4 (Figs 1 A, 3 D).</p><p>Gonopod (Fig. 4): Suberect. Coxite (co) cylindrical, larger than femorite, sparsely setose distodorsally. Prefemorite (pref) densely setose, equal to femorite as well. Femorite (fe) slightly enlarged distad (from ventral view); without a demarcation with postfemoral region. Postfemoral region inconspicuous. Solenophore (sph) well developed; lamina lateralis (ll) broadly rounded, partly folded to sheathe distal part of solenomere; lamina medialis (lm) with a small rounded lobe at about midway. Seminal groove running entirely on mesal side, then entering a flagelliform solenomere (sl), solenomere partly sheathed by solenophore. Tip of solenophore rounded.</p><p>DNA barcoding.</p><p>(Appendix 1) A fragment of the COI gene is accessioned at NCBI GenBank with the following accession number PQ 676351. The new species exhibits a COI gene similarity of 86.22 % and 86.57 % (OR 765910 and MG 669370, respectively) identity with Hylomus cervarius (Attems, 1953) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/831524D8E34E5890B8622D92AB730445	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Nguyen, Anh D.;Vu, Tam T. T.;Nguyen, Thu-Anh T.	Nguyen, Anh D., Vu, Tam T. T., Nguyen, Thu-Anh T. (2025): Mountainous millipedes in Vietnam. III. Two new dragon millipedes from limestone mountains in northern Vietnam (Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae, Hylomus), with an identification key to Vietnamese Hylomus species. ZooKeys 1223: 247-262, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1223.139649
