taxonID	type	description	language	source
BB778E34FFABFFA02CD0D527FBF0FBE7.taxon	description	Crangon malleator — Schmitt 1924 a: 64, fig. 8; Schmitt 1936: 367; Schmitt 1939: 24. Alpheus pugilator A. Milne-Edwards 1878: 229. (?) Alpheus tuberculosus Osorio 1892: 201; Osorio 1898: 194; Rathbun 1900: 313; Balss 1914: 98, figs. 1 - 5; Balss 1916: 21; Vilela 1949: 56; Holthuis 1951: 73; Crosnier & Forest 1965: 605; Crosnier & Forest 1966: 242. (?) Alpheus Belli Coutière, 1898: 149, fig. 1. (?) Alpheus belli — Coutière 1899 (see Chace & Forest 1970 for all page numbers); Chace 1972: 63; Pequegnat & Ray 1974: 246; Christoffersen 1998: 357. (?) Alpheus malleator var. edentatus Zimmer 1913: 387, figs. G-M; Balss 1916: 22; Schmitt 1924 b: 71. Not Alpheus malleator — Nobili 1901: 2; Rathbun 1902: 288; Sivertsen 1933: 4; Abele 1975: 72; Rodríguez de la Cruz 1977: 28; Brusca 1980: 252; Wicksten 1983: 43; Banner & Banner 1984: 42; Hendrickx & Wicksten 1987: 16; Kim & Abele 1988: 31, fig. 12; Wicksten & Hendrickx 1992: 5; Lemaitre & Alvarez-Leon 1992: 42; Wicksten 1993: 152; Hickman & Zimmermann 2000: 40; Wicksten & Hendrickx 2003: 64; Hendrickx & Hermoso-Salazar 2005: 433, fig. 1 D (map); Lazarus-Agudelo & Cantera-Kintz 2007: 228 (= Alpheus wonkimi sp. nov., see below). Not Crangon malleator — Rathbun 1910: 607 (= Alpheus wonkimi sp. nov., see below).	en	Anker, Arthur, Pachelle, Paulo P. G. (2013): Re-examination of the eastern Pacific and Atlantic material of Alpheus malleator Dana, 1852, with the description of Alpheus wonkimi sp. nov. (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae). Zootaxa 3637 (4): 412-431, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3637.4.2
BB778E34FFABFFA02CD0D527FBF0FBE7.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Brazil: 1 male (cl 16.1 mm), MZUSP 0 0 138, São Paulo, Ilha da Vitória (northeast of Ilhabela), leg. Gunther, 1906 [det. M. J. Rathbun, 1915]; 2 males (cl 9.5, 11.3 mm), MZUSP 22296, São Paulo, Ubatuba, Praia do Lázaro, leg. E. J. de Paula, 13 July 1976; 2 males (cl 10.6, 15.4 mm), MZUSP 13094, São Paulo, Ubatuba, north of Praia Grande, leg. M. A. Pinheiro, 18 October 1997; 1 male (cl 9.9 mm), MZUSP 28270, São Paulo, Ilha da Vitória (northeast of Ilhabela), leg. V. Cobo, December 2006. Panama: 1 male (cl 11.1 mm), OUMNH. ZC. 2012 - 07 - 0146, Caribbean coast, Isla Grande, intertidal basaltic rocks exposed to high-energy waves, leg. N. Knowlton et al., 6 June 1995 [fcn B- 424]; 1 male (cl 8.3 mm), USNM, same collection data as for the previous specimen [fcn B- 423]. Puerto Rico: 1 male (cl 10.8 mm), 2 ov. females (cl 10.5, 10.8 mm), MNHN-IU- 2010 - 4199, locality not specified, leg. P. Serre, 1907; 1 male (cl 12.4 mm), 1 ov. female (cl 14.0 mm), MNHN-IU- 2010 - 4194, locality not specified, bases of hard corals, leg. P. Serre, 1907. Trinidad & Tobago: 1 ov. female (cl 7.9 mm), OUMNH. ZC. 2010 - 01 - 0071, Tobago, locality not specified, collector and year unknown. Cape Verde: 1 male (cl 7.5 mm), 1 female (cl 6.0 mm), USNM, Santiago, Cidade Velha, leg. N. Knowlton et al., 3 April 1998. Senegal: 1 male (cl 7.2 mm), MNHN-Na 3109, north of Dakar, C 24, leg. Postel, 1949. Guinea: 1 male (cl 13.0 mm), 2 ov. females (cl 11.0 mm, 12.1 mm), MNHN-IU- 2010 - 4192, Tamara, Îles de Los (Loos Islands), west coast, low tide, leg. M. Serrand, 6 July 1913; 1 male (cl 11.8 mm), MNHN-IU- 2010 - 4193, same collection data as for the previous specimens. Equatorial Guinea: 4 males, 4 females (cl 3.7 – 12.3 mm, male largest), MNHN-IU- 2010 - 4196, Annobon, Punta del Palmar, intertidal, 29 July 1965, leg. A. Crosnier; 5 males, 1 ov. female, 4 females (cl 5.0 – 12.6 mm, ov. female largest), MNHN-IU- 2010 - 4198, Annobon, near San Pedro, intertidal, 30 July 1965, leg. A. Crosnier. Congo: 1 male (cl 12.8 mm), MNHN-IU- 2010 - 4197, Djeno Rocks near Pointe Noire, intertidal, small tide pools among rocky outcrops, 4 April 1965, leg. A. Crosnier.	en	Anker, Arthur, Pachelle, Paulo P. G. (2013): Re-examination of the eastern Pacific and Atlantic material of Alpheus malleator Dana, 1852, with the description of Alpheus wonkimi sp. nov. (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae). Zootaxa 3637 (4): 412-431, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3637.4.2
BB778E34FFABFFA02CD0D527FBF0FBE7.taxon	description	Description. Body stout, moderately large (maximum carapace length 16.1 mm, maximum total length about 50 mm). Rostrum short to moderately long, typically not reaching mid-length of first article of antennular peduncle, dorsally flattened, more or less widening posteriorly; lateral margins abruptly delimited by deep adrostral furrows; tip subacute or blunt, often descendent (Figs. 1 A, B, 3 A, E). Orbital hoods swollen, with acute or subacute teeth; anterior margin between each orbital tooth and rostrum with variously developed additional (= adrostral) tooth (Figs. 1 A, B, 3 A, E). Post-rostral area without median tubercle; pterygostomial angle rounded; cardiac notch well developed. Abdomen without specific features on sternum. Telson broad, stout, tapering posteriorly, slightly depressed along mid-dorsal line, with two stout dorsal spiniform setae and two pairs of posterolateral spiniform setae, mesial much longer than lateral (Figs. 1 K, 3 J); anal tubercles well developed. Antennular peduncles moderately stout, with second article longest, about 1.8 times as long as wide; stylocerite short, almost reaching distal margin of first article, with acute tip (Figs. 1 A, 3 A, E). Antenna with enlarged, stout basicerite bearing strong, sharp distolateral tooth reaching to or slightly beyond mid-length of second antennular article; scaphocerite large, stout; lateral margin shallowly concave, proximally with distinctly projecting, blunt tooth; blade narrow separated from strong distolateral tooth by deep cleft; distolateral tooth reaching well beyond distal end of antennular peduncle, almost reaching distal margin of carpocerite (Figs. 1 A, B, 3 A, E). Third maxilliped stout; coxa with blunt lateral plate; antepenultimate article not operculate, somewhat compressed and twisted, with numerous slender setae; penultimate and ultimate articles strongly compressed, very setose; penultimate article short, distally widening; ultimate article about three times as long as wide, broad, densely covered with long, very thick setae (Fig, 1 C). Major cheliped very stout; ischium very short; merus subtriangular in cross-section, stout; carpus short, cupshaped; chela broadly ovoid; lateral surface with longitudinal groove running from about mid-length of palm to end of pollex and a low crest delimiting shallow groove running obliquely from linea impressa to distodorsal third of palm; ventrolateral and dorsolateral surfaces with shallow, rounded bumps; distolateral margin of palm with two rounded bumps; mesial surface more or less rugose, with numerous setose tubercles, row of much larger tubercles present close to dorsal margin; distomesial margin of palm with very large, bluntly projecting, dorsal bump and two smaller, blunt or subacute bumps closer to propodo-dactylar articulation; pollex much shorter than dactylus, distally truncate; dactylus hammer-shaped, with short, truncate plunger, latter furnished with stamen-shaped sensillae (Figs. 2 A – D, 4 B, C, F, G, 5 A – D). Minor cheliped stout; ischium short; merus subtriangular in cross-section, stout; carpus short, cup-shaped; chela with palm and fingers subequal in length; lateral and mesial surfaces of palm covered with groups setae, many arising from small bumps, ventral surface somewhat rugose, dorsal margin with larger, rounded bumps; distomesial margin with large, projecting, subacute tooth; fingers moderately curved, stout, setose, with sharp cutting edges, pollex somewhat excavated laterally, finger tips crossing (Figs. 2 E – G, 4 D, E). Second pereiopod with ischium and merus subequal in length; first carpal article shorter than merus, about the same length as sum of second, third and fourth articles; chela comparatively large, simple (Figs. 1 D, 3 B, F). Third and fourth pereiopods generally similar, stout; ischium unarmed; merus somewhat swollen, length about three times greatest width, distoventral margin unarmed; carpus with small distoventral tooth; propodus with six strong spiniform setae along ventral margin and two (occasionally more) spiniform setae adjacent to dactylus; dactylus stout, strongly curved, biunguiculate (Figs. 1 E, F, L, 3 C, G). Fifth pereiopod shorter and much more slender than third and fourth (Fig. 6 A); propodal brush well-developed. Second male pleopod with appendix masculina densely setose, about twice as long as appendix interna, almost reaching distal margin of endopod (Figs. 1 G, H, 3 H). Uropod with large subacute lobe on protopod; distolateral spiniform seta black in both sexes, stout, long, reaching to or slightly beyond distal margin of exopod, flanked by large mesial tooth and smaller lateral tooth, latter similar in size and shape to distolateral tooth of exopod; distal margin of exopod and endopod with row of short, stout, spiniform setae (Figs. 1 I, J, M, 3 D, I). For additional illustrations see Dana (1855), Coutière (1899), Zimmer (1913), Crosnier & Forest (1966). Variation. Alpheus malleator is remarkably variable in the configuration of the frontal margin of the carapace, especially in the width and shape of the post-rostral plate and the size (large, small, reduced to barely noticeable bumps), shape (rounded, subacute, with several distal points), direction (anterior, anteromesial) and position (marginal, submarginal) of adrostral teeth between the rostrum and orbital teeth (Figs. 1 A, 3 A, 4 A, E, 11 A – H). This variation was first reported in West African specimens by Crosnier & Forest (1966: fig. 10, a, g), but is also marked in the Caribbean and Brazilian populations (Fig. 11 A – H). The chelipeds, especially the major cheliped, also show some degree of variation. Adult males have larger chelae, stronger major chelae, with more pronounced distal bumps on the palm (Figs. 4 B, C, 5 A, B). In females and younger males, the major chelae are smaller in size, shorter, more rounded, with shorter distal bumps on the palm (Figs. 4 F, G, 5 C, D; see also 6 B, D). The ratio of the first carpal article of the second pereiopods is also somewhat variable (Fig. 3 B, F; see also Crosnier & Forest 1966: fig. 10, e, i). The thickness of the spiniform seta on the uropodal exopod is also somewhat variable, being generally wider in males (Figs. 1 I, J, M), especially in the Brazilian and West African specimens (Fig. 3 D, I). However, the colour of this spiniform seta appears to be black in both males and females, contrary to the statement of Abele & Kim (1986) that the “ distolateral spine on uropod of exopod [is] dark-colored in male only ”. Colour pattern. Body ground colour variable from dark chocolate-brown to reddish-brown; carapace with more or less marked, whitish, transverse band and numerous irregular patches and spots, many interconnected; rostrum dark-brown; orbital hoods, flanks and anterolateral areas of carapace mostly colourless; abdomen usually with irregular, white, transverse bands on each somite, some bands broken into rhomboid-shaped patches, bands usually continuing on pleura and splitting into two large white areas (usually two per pleuron: anterior and posterior), bands sometimes very narrow or absent (especially in larger individuals); major and minor chelipeds brown to red-brown, with some paler areas mesially, some tubercles dark brown, others marked by pale or whitish spots; dactylus of major chela red-brown centrally, pinkish dorsally and distally; pollex of major chela mostly dark brown or red-brown; adhesive disks contrasting whitish; fingers of minor chela dark or red-brown; second pereiopods and walking legs red or reddish; antennular and antennal flagella pale brown to green-yellowish; tail fan brown to red-brown, without spots, diaeresis darker brown, spiniform seta of uropodal exopod black; pleopods reddish (Fig. 6).	en	Anker, Arthur, Pachelle, Paulo P. G. (2013): Re-examination of the eastern Pacific and Atlantic material of Alpheus malleator Dana, 1852, with the description of Alpheus wonkimi sp. nov. (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae). Zootaxa 3637 (4): 412-431, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3637.4.2
BB778E34FFABFFA02CD0D527FBF0FBE7.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. Rio de Janeiro? (“ in portu Rio Janeiro? ” in Dana 1852 a).	en	Anker, Arthur, Pachelle, Paulo P. G. (2013): Re-examination of the eastern Pacific and Atlantic material of Alpheus malleator Dana, 1852, with the description of Alpheus wonkimi sp. nov. (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae). Zootaxa 3637 (4): 412-431, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3637.4.2
BB778E34FFABFFA02CD0D527FBF0FBE7.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Western and eastern Atlantic: Gulf of Mexico; Florida; Caribbean Sea (Panama, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Trinidad & Tobago, Barbados); Brazil (Fernando de Noronha, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo); West Africa (Cape Verde, Senegal, Guinea, São Tomé, Annobon, Congo) (e. g., Coutière 1898, 1899; Holthuis 1951; Crosnier & Forest 1966; Chace 1972; Abele & Kim 1986; Christoffersen 1998; McClure 2005; present study). See remarks below. Ecology. Rocky and mixed sand-rock shores and coral reef substrates (e. g., fossilised coral terraces, bases of hard corals), deep inside crevices, possibly rock-boring or at least capable of enlarging natural cavities.	en	Anker, Arthur, Pachelle, Paulo P. G. (2013): Re-examination of the eastern Pacific and Atlantic material of Alpheus malleator Dana, 1852, with the description of Alpheus wonkimi sp. nov. (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae). Zootaxa 3637 (4): 412-431, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3637.4.2
BB778E34FFABFFA02CD0D527FBF0FBE7.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Although the geographic range of A. malleator spans almost the entire tropical western and eastern Atlantic (Fig. 12), the species appears to be uncommon or at least to have a patchy occurrence. This is certainly due to its special microhabitat requirements, partly endolithic life style and the resulting difficulties of sampling. Alpheus malleator seems to prefer exposed shores and bioeroded hard substrates, such as porous basaltic rocks, fossilised coral terraces, bases of living corals etc., usually covered with algae and with deep crevices lined with various invertebrates (sponges, ascidians). In addition, most records of A. malleator are from islands situated at some distance from the mainland (e. g., Isla Grande, Ilha Vitória, Loos Islands) or offshore islands (Puerto Rico, Tobago, Cape Verde, São Tomé, Annobon). Thus, the beach profile, exposure and availability of suitable substrates certainly influence the distribution of A. malleator at a local scale. However, due to its cryptic habits, relative uncommonness and preference for exposed, often wave-battered rocks, A. malleator may be present in many localities where it has not yet been collected (marked with “? ” in Fig. 12). For instance, despite intensive sampling efforts in presumably suitable microhabitat in São Tomé in 2006, no specimens of A. malletor were found, showing that even a targeted collecting may be unsuccessful. The presence of A. malleator in Florida requires confirmation. The only Florida record of A. malleator is based on keys in Abele & Kim (1986) who did not provide a specific locality. However, it is quite possible that A. malleator occurs in southern Florida, e. g., in the Florida Keys and / or Dry Tortugas, both offering the type of microhabitat required by this species. The presence of A. malleator in Fernando de Noronha off northeastern Brazil is based on the tentative synonymy of A. belli. Currently, A. malleator is not known from the mainland coast of northeastern Brazil. Noteworthy, the authors’ search for A. malleator on exposed rocky shores of Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte and Alagoas in 2011 – 2012 did not yield any specimens. Most Brazilian records of A. malleator are from much further south, in particular from the near-continental islands of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. Similarly, A. malleator has not (yet) been found around oceanic islands with abundance of exposed rocky shores, such as Bermuda and Ascension Island, which are marginal to the species’ geographic range (Fig. 12).	en	Anker, Arthur, Pachelle, Paulo P. G. (2013): Re-examination of the eastern Pacific and Atlantic material of Alpheus malleator Dana, 1852, with the description of Alpheus wonkimi sp. nov. (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae). Zootaxa 3637 (4): 412-431, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3637.4.2
BB778E34FFA2FFBA2CD0D0C2FA6AFC8F.taxon	description	Alpheus cf. malleator — Hurt et al. 2008: 516 et seq.	en	Anker, Arthur, Pachelle, Paulo P. G. (2013): Re-examination of the eastern Pacific and Atlantic material of Alpheus malleator Dana, 1852, with the description of Alpheus wonkimi sp. nov. (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae). Zootaxa 3637 (4): 412-431, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3637.4.2
BB778E34FFA2FFBA2CD0D0C2FA6AFC8F.taxon	materials_examined	Type material: Panama: holotype: male (cl 11.8 mm), MNHN-IU- 2010 - 7925, Pacific coast, Río Mar, lower part of predominantly rocky intertidal, low tide, in rock crevices near water edge, leg. A. Anker, J. Jara, E. Gomez, 3 March 2006 [fcn 06 - 266]; paratypes: 1 male (cl 8.2 mm), USNM, same collection data as for the holotype [fcn 06 - 265]; 1 male (cl 9.7 mm), 1 female (cl 8.3 mm), RMNH. D. 55154, Pacific coast, Río Mar, lower part of predominantly rocky intertidal, low tide, in rock crevices near water edge, leg. A. Anker, J. Jara, 19 April 2007 [fcn 07 - 120 A, 07 - 120 B]; 1 ov. female (cl 9.3 mm), OUMNH. ZC. 2010 - 01 - 0072, Pacific coast, Río Mar, El Higo, intertidal, rock conglomerate, leg. M. Torchin, 20.02.2007 [fcn 07 - 080]; 1 male (cl 11.9 mm), 1 ov. female (cl 10.2 mm), MNHN-IU- 2010 - 7926, Pacific coast, Río Mar, rocky intertidal, leg. N. Knowlton et al., 20 Feb. 1992 [fcn C- 361, C- 362]. Additional material: Panama: 1 male (cl 11.8 mm), OUMNH. ZC. 2007 - 07 - 0145, Pacific coast, Las Perlas Islands, Isla Contadora, rocky intertidal, low tide, in rock crevices near water edge, leg. A. Anker, C. Hurt, E. Gomez, E. Tóth, J. Jara, 31 March 2006 [fcn 06 - 366]; 1 female (cl 9.2 mm), RMNH. D. 55155, same collection data as for the previous specimen [fcn 06 - 371]. Ecuador: 1 male (cl 14.6 mm), MNHN-IU- 2010 - 4195, locality not specified, collector unknown, donated by A. Crosnier in 1979.	en	Anker, Arthur, Pachelle, Paulo P. G. (2013): Re-examination of the eastern Pacific and Atlantic material of Alpheus malleator Dana, 1852, with the description of Alpheus wonkimi sp. nov. (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae). Zootaxa 3637 (4): 412-431, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3637.4.2
BB778E34FFA2FFBA2CD0D0C2FA6AFC8F.taxon	description	Description. For full description and illustrations of A. wonkimi sp. nov. see Kim & Abele (1988, as A. malleator); additional illustrations are provided in Figs. 7 – 10, 11 I, J. For separation of A. wonkimi sp. nov. from A. malleator see remarks below. Variation. As in the previous species, the frontal margin of the carapace is variable in the width and shape of the post-rostral plate, the configuration (size, shape and direction) of adrostral teeth (Figs. 7 A, 8 A, 11 I, J), and the size and proportions of the chelipeds, especially the major chela (Figs. 7 D, 8 B, C, 9, 10; see also Kim & Abele 1988: fig. 12 e, f.). Colour pattern. Body ground colour variable from purple-brown to greenish or reddish-brown; carapace with broad, whitish, transverse band and numerous irregular patches and spots, many interconnected; rostrum dark purple-, greenish- or reddish-brown; orbital hoods, flanks and anterolateral areas of carapace mostly colourless; abdomen with narrow, irregular, white, transverse bands on each somite, some bands broken into rhomboid-shaped patches, bands continuing on pleura and splitting into two large white areas (usually two per pleuron: anterior and posterior); major and minor chelipeds brownish to brown-orange, with larger pale-yellow areas mesially, some tubercles dark brown, others marked by pale spots; dactylus of major chela grey-brown centrally, pinkish dorsally and distally; pollex of major chela mostly dark brown; adhesive disks contrasting whitish; fingers of minor chela dark brown-green; second pereiopods and walking legs reddish; antennular and antennal flagella pale brownyellowish to brown-greenish; tail fan purple-, greenish- or reddish-brown, without spots, diaeresis darker brown, spiniform seta of uropodal exopod brown, somewhat paler distally; pleopods reddish-brown (Figs. 9. 10); see also colour photograph in Hickman & Zimmermann (2000).	en	Anker, Arthur, Pachelle, Paulo P. G. (2013): Re-examination of the eastern Pacific and Atlantic material of Alpheus malleator Dana, 1852, with the description of Alpheus wonkimi sp. nov. (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae). Zootaxa 3637 (4): 412-431, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3637.4.2
BB778E34FFA2FFBA2CD0D0C2FA6AFC8F.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The new species is named after Prof. Won Kim (Seoul National University, Korea) for his important contribution to the taxonomy of the eastern Pacific members of the genus Alpheus (Kim & Abele 1988).	en	Anker, Arthur, Pachelle, Paulo P. G. (2013): Re-examination of the eastern Pacific and Atlantic material of Alpheus malleator Dana, 1852, with the description of Alpheus wonkimi sp. nov. (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae). Zootaxa 3637 (4): 412-431, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3637.4.2
BB778E34FFA2FFBA2CD0D0C2FA6AFC8F.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. Río Mar, Pacific coast of Panama.	en	Anker, Arthur, Pachelle, Paulo P. G. (2013): Re-examination of the eastern Pacific and Atlantic material of Alpheus malleator Dana, 1852, with the description of Alpheus wonkimi sp. nov. (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae). Zootaxa 3637 (4): 412-431, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3637.4.2
BB778E34FFA2FFBA2CD0D0C2FA6AFC8F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Eastern Pacific: Mexico (Baja California, Sinaloa, Nayarit, Jalisco); El Salvador (Acajutla); Costa Rica (Golfo de Nicoya); Panama (Río Mar, Las Perlas Islands); Colombia (Bahía Málaga, Isla Malpelo); Ecuador (Bahía Santa Elena, Galapagos) (Nobili 1901; Rathbun 1902; Wicksten 1983; Kim & Abele 1988; Wicksten & Hendrickx 2003; present study). Ecology. Lower intertidal of exposed rocky shores, near water edge at extreme low tides, deep inside rock crevices, possibly rock-boring or at least capable of enlarging natural cavities; at some localities, e. g., around Las Perlas Islands, sharing rock crevice microhabitat with Alpheus saxidomus Holthuis, 1980 and A. utriensis Ramos & von Prahl, 1989.	en	Anker, Arthur, Pachelle, Paulo P. G. (2013): Re-examination of the eastern Pacific and Atlantic material of Alpheus malleator Dana, 1852, with the description of Alpheus wonkimi sp. nov. (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae). Zootaxa 3637 (4): 412-431, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3637.4.2
BB778E34FFA2FFBA2CD0D0C2FA6AFC8F.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Alpheus wonkimi sp. nov. can be separated morphologically from its Atlantic sister species, A. malleator, apparently by only one character. In A. malleator, the distolateral spiniform seta of the uropodal exopod is stout and wide at its base, especially in males (length / width ratio 2.9 – 3.7, measured in four individuals), and is black, sometimes with a pale-brown tip (Fig. 1 I, J, M). In A. wonkimi sp. nov., this spiniform seta is more slender, relatively narrower at its base (length / width ratio 4.3 – 5.5, measured in three individuals) and is dark brown or tancoloured (Fig. 7 K, P, Q). The brown or black colour of the uropodal spiniform seta usually persists for decades in alcohol-preserved specimens, but may fade or bleach completely in some very old or inadequately preserved specimens (e. g., in one male of A. wonkimi sp. nov. from Ecuador and in one female of A. malleator from Tobago). The two species can also be distinguished by the barcoding fragment of the COI gene sequence (Williams et al. 2001; Hurt et al. 2008). In addition, they are geographically separated from each other by the Isthmus of Panama. The frontal region of the carapace of both A. malleator and A. wonkimi sp. nov. is remarkably variable in the length and shape of the rostrum, and the development, shape and direction of adrostral teeth (Fig. 11; see also Crosnier & Forest 1966). This variability is reminiscent of the situation in another transisthmian snapping shrimp species pair, A. cylindricus Kingsley, 1878 – A. vanderbilti Boone, 1930 (Anker et al. 2008 a). Although some variation was found in the proportions of the major and minor chelipeds, ratios of the carpal articles in the second pereiopod (as in A. malleator), shape of the scaphocerite blade and the uropodal diaeresis, and some other characters, none of them was consistent to be used as a differentiating feature between A. wonkimi sp. nov. and A. malleator. Similarly, no differences were found in the colour pattern of the body, chelipeds and other appendages between A. wonkimi sp. nov. and A. malleator (Figs. 6, 9, 10). However, it must be noted that the presently available information on the colour pattern of A. malleator is rather limited as photographs in Fig. 6 show immature or freshly dead specimens. Therefore, fresh material of A. malleator from both the western and eastern Atlantic, with high-quality colour photographs (like those available for A. wonkimi sp. nov.), as well as DNA sequencing and comparison of the African, Brazilian and Caribbean materials, are desirable to confirm the above proposed taxonomic assignments.	en	Anker, Arthur, Pachelle, Paulo P. G. (2013): Re-examination of the eastern Pacific and Atlantic material of Alpheus malleator Dana, 1852, with the description of Alpheus wonkimi sp. nov. (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae). Zootaxa 3637 (4): 412-431, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3637.4.2
