identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
BB7A2B57FFF6F94B399F05C0B1CAEB0E.text	BB7A2B57FFF6F94B399F05C0B1CAEB0E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cheilostomata Busk 1852	<div><p>Order Cheilostomata Busk, 1852</p> <p>Suborder Flustrina Smitt, 1868</p> <p>Superfamily Calloporoidea Norman, 1903</p> <p>Family Heliodomidae Vigneaux, 1949</p> <p>Setosellina constricta Harmer, 1926, Big Sister’s Island (Fig. 2E)</p> <p>Superfamily Buguloidea Gray, 1848</p> <p>Family Candidae d’Orbigny, 1851</p> <p>Canda pecten Thornely, 1907, Big Sister’s Island (Fig. 2F)</p> <p>Family Bugulidae Gray, 1848</p> <p>Caulibugula mortenseni (Marcus, 1925), Kusu Island (Fig. 3A‒C)</p> <p>Superfamily Adeonoidea Busk, 1884</p> <p>Family Adeonidae Busk, 1884</p> <p>Reptadeonella riatanae, new species, Pulau Tekukor (Fig. 4A‒C)</p> <p>Reptadeonella cellulanus Tilbrook, Hayward &amp; Gordon, 2001, Big Sister’s Island (Fig. 4D)</p> <p>Superfamily Smittinoidea Levinsen, 1909</p> <p>Family Smittinidae Levinsen, 1909 Pleurocodonellina microperforata Tilbrook, 2006, Pulau Semakau (Fig. 5A)</p> <p>Superfamily Schizoporelloidea Jullien, 1882</p> <p>Family Lacernidae Jullien, 1888</p> <p>Arthropoma subarensis, new species, Big Sister’s Island (Fig. 5B‒D)</p> <p>Family Microporellidae Hincks, 1879</p> <p>Microporella sargassophilia, new species, Pulau Tekukor (Fig. 6A–E)</p> <p>Family Hippopodinidae Levinsen, 1909</p> <p>Thornelya fuscina Tilbrook, Hayward &amp; Gordon, 2001, Big Sister’s Island (Fig. 7A)</p> <p>Superfamily Celleporoidea Johnston, 1838 Family Hippoporidridae Vigneaux, 1949 Scorpiodinipora costulata (Canu &amp; Bassler, 1929), Changi Beach (Fig. 7B)</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BB7A2B57FFF6F94B399F05C0B1CAEB0E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jain, Sudhanshi S.;Gordon, Dennis P.;Huang, Danwei;Kuklinski, Piotr;Liow, Lee Hsiang	Jain, Sudhanshi S., Gordon, Dennis P., Huang, Danwei, Kuklinski, Piotr, Liow, Lee Hsiang (2022): Targeted collections reveal new species and records of Bryozoa and the discovery of Pterobranchia in Singapore. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 70: 257-274, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2022-0011
BB7A2B57FFF6F94B399A04C0B44EE94E.text	BB7A2B57FFF6F94B399A04C0B44EE94E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ctenostomata Busk 1852	<div><p>Order Ctenostomata Busk, 1852</p> <p>Suborder Stoloniferina Ehlers, 1876</p> <p>Superfamily Walkerioidea Hincks, 1880</p> <p>Family Mimosellidae Hincks, 1877</p> <p>Bantariella verticillata (Heller, 1867), St. John’s Island</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BB7A2B57FFF6F94B399A04C0B44EE94E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jain, Sudhanshi S.;Gordon, Dennis P.;Huang, Danwei;Kuklinski, Piotr;Liow, Lee Hsiang	Jain, Sudhanshi S., Gordon, Dennis P., Huang, Danwei, Kuklinski, Piotr, Liow, Lee Hsiang (2022): Targeted collections reveal new species and records of Bryozoa and the discovery of Pterobranchia in Singapore. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 70: 257-274, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2022-0011
BB7A2B57FFF6F94B39940720B7C9E80E.text	BB7A2B57FFF6F94B39940720B7C9E80E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyclostomata Busk 1852	<div><p>Order Cyclostomata Busk, 1852</p> <p>Suborder Tubuliporina Milne Edwards, 1838</p> <p>Superfamily Tubuliporoidea Johnston, 1837</p> <p>Family Tubuliporidae Johnston, 1837</p> <p>Exidmonea sp., Kusu Island (Fig. 2A, B)</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BB7A2B57FFF6F94B39940720B7C9E80E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jain, Sudhanshi S.;Gordon, Dennis P.;Huang, Danwei;Kuklinski, Piotr;Liow, Lee Hsiang	Jain, Sudhanshi S., Gordon, Dennis P., Huang, Danwei, Kuklinski, Piotr, Liow, Lee Hsiang (2022): Targeted collections reveal new species and records of Bryozoa and the discovery of Pterobranchia in Singapore. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 70: 257-274, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2022-0011
BB7A2B57FFF6F94B3AF40440B0FDE8AE.text	BB7A2B57FFF6F94B3AF40440B0FDE8AE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhabdopleurida Fowler 1892	<div><p>Order Rhabdopleurida Fowler, 1892</p> <p>Family Rhabdopleuridae Harmer, 1905 Rhabdopleura sp., Pulau Tekukor (Fig. 7C‒F)</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BB7A2B57FFF6F94B3AF40440B0FDE8AE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jain, Sudhanshi S.;Gordon, Dennis P.;Huang, Danwei;Kuklinski, Piotr;Liow, Lee Hsiang	Jain, Sudhanshi S., Gordon, Dennis P., Huang, Danwei, Kuklinski, Piotr, Liow, Lee Hsiang (2022): Targeted collections reveal new species and records of Bryozoa and the discovery of Pterobranchia in Singapore. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 70: 257-274, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2022-0011
BB7A2B57FFF0F94D398D0720B769E8AE.text	BB7A2B57FFF0F94D398D0720B769E8AE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bantariella verticillata (Heller 1867)	<div><p>Bantariella verticillata (Heller, 1867)</p> <p>This widespread ctenostomatous species of warmer waters is moderately common in the western Pacific, where it has been recorded from Korea (Seo, 2011) and Japan (Silén, 1942) to Indonesia (Harmer, 1915) and eastern Australia (Cook et al., 2018). It occurs on a variety of substrata, including algae, as clusters or rosettes of erect zooids arising from short kenozooids near a stolon node.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BB7A2B57FFF0F94D398D0720B769E8AE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jain, Sudhanshi S.;Gordon, Dennis P.;Huang, Danwei;Kuklinski, Piotr;Liow, Lee Hsiang	Jain, Sudhanshi S., Gordon, Dennis P., Huang, Danwei, Kuklinski, Piotr, Liow, Lee Hsiang (2022): Targeted collections reveal new species and records of Bryozoa and the discovery of Pterobranchia in Singapore. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 70: 257-274, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2022-0011
BB7A2B57FFF0F94D38650260B73CEFCE.text	BB7A2B57FFF0F94D38650260B73CEFCE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Canda pecten Thornely 1907	<div><p>Canda pecten Thornely, 1907</p> <p>(Fig. 2F)</p> <p>Colonies are erect, planar, biserial, and dichotomously branching. On the frontal side of branches autozooids face obliquely away from the branch axis, while on the abfrontal side is a disconnected series of triangular vibracula, each with a setiform mandible that curves round the frontal side. Short transverse rootlets from vibracular chambers connect adjacent branches at intervals. Autozooidal opesiae taper proximally and characteristic frontal avicularia curve obliquely across branches near a bifurcation (Fig. 2F). There is no scutal spine. The species is principally Indo-West Pacific in its distribution (Harmer, 1926; Tilbrook, 2006).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BB7A2B57FFF0F94D38650260B73CEFCE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jain, Sudhanshi S.;Gordon, Dennis P.;Huang, Danwei;Kuklinski, Piotr;Liow, Lee Hsiang	Jain, Sudhanshi S., Gordon, Dennis P., Huang, Danwei, Kuklinski, Piotr, Liow, Lee Hsiang (2022): Targeted collections reveal new species and records of Bryozoa and the discovery of Pterobranchia in Singapore. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 70: 257-274, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2022-0011
BB7A2B57FFF0F94D39A30040B481ED6E.text	BB7A2B57FFF0F94D39A30040B481ED6E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caulibugula mortenseni (Marcus 1925)	<div><p>Caulibugula mortenseni (Marcus, 1925)</p> <p>(Fig. 3A‒C)</p> <p>Brownish-orange species forming clusters of long stalks up to 30 cm long, each of which ends in an array of radiating branches (Marcus, 1925) that, underwater, give the appearance of a starburst (Fig. 3A). Branches are narrowly biserial and some zooids bear an elongate birdshead avicularium at their proximal end (Fig. 3C). The type locality is Sunda Strait, Indonesia.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BB7A2B57FFF0F94D39A30040B481ED6E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jain, Sudhanshi S.;Gordon, Dennis P.;Huang, Danwei;Kuklinski, Piotr;Liow, Lee Hsiang	Jain, Sudhanshi S., Gordon, Dennis P., Huang, Danwei, Kuklinski, Piotr, Liow, Lee Hsiang (2022): Targeted collections reveal new species and records of Bryozoa and the discovery of Pterobranchia in Singapore. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 70: 257-274, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2022-0011
BB7A2B57FFF0F94D3A3A0540B14FEE4E.text	BB7A2B57FFF0F94D3A3A0540B14FEE4E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pleurocodonellina microperforata Tilbrook 2006	<div><p>Pleurocodonellina microperforata Tilbrook, 2006</p> <p>(Fig. 5A)</p> <p>Our material accords with Tilbrook’s description of this species from the Solomon Islands in virtually all respects, except that the latero-oral avicularia in the type material tend to have slightly more acute rostral tips. Autozooids in a measured specimen from Singapore are 475‒552 μm long (mean 522 μm) and 218‒331 μm wide (mean 250 μm), compared to the cited means of ~500 μm long and 300 μm wide (Tilbrook, 2006).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BB7A2B57FFF0F94D3A3A0540B14FEE4E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jain, Sudhanshi S.;Gordon, Dennis P.;Huang, Danwei;Kuklinski, Piotr;Liow, Lee Hsiang	Jain, Sudhanshi S., Gordon, Dennis P., Huang, Danwei, Kuklinski, Piotr, Liow, Lee Hsiang (2022): Targeted collections reveal new species and records of Bryozoa and the discovery of Pterobranchia in Singapore. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 70: 257-274, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2022-0011
BB7A2B57FFF0F94D39CE0120B68AE8CE.text	BB7A2B57FFF0F94D39CE0120B68AE8CE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Reptadeonella cellulanus Tilbrook, Hayward & Gordon 2001	<div><p>Reptadeonella cellulanus Tilbrook, Hayward &amp; Gordon, 2001</p> <p>(Fig. 4D)</p> <p>Our material is generally in accord with this species, which seems to be somewhat variable in the size and orientation of the suboral avicularium and height of the peristome. Autozooids measure 561‒818 μm long (mean 629 μm) and 264‒477 μm wide (mean 362 μm), close to that of colonies from Efate, Vanuatu (type locality), with a mean zooid length of 650 μm and width of 340 μm (Tilbrook et al., 2001), whereas zooids from the Solomon Islands were cited as being 500‒600 μm long and 300‒400 μm wide (Tilbrook, 2006). Tilbrook (2006) noted that the ancestrula of this species is not single as originally reported but comprises a triad of zooids. Harmer (1957) illustrated putative Reptadeonella joloensis (Bassler, 1936) from Singapore, but, as L. Vieira (pers. comm., 2022) pointed out, Harmer’s illustration may represent what is now R. cellulanus, which means that R. joloensis may not be a part of the Singapore bryofauna (as listed by Tilbrook &amp; Gordon, 2016). Scanning electron microscopy of the material in the Cambridge Museum examined by Harmer (from the southern Philippines) would clarify the issue.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BB7A2B57FFF0F94D39CE0120B68AE8CE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jain, Sudhanshi S.;Gordon, Dennis P.;Huang, Danwei;Kuklinski, Piotr;Liow, Lee Hsiang	Jain, Sudhanshi S., Gordon, Dennis P., Huang, Danwei, Kuklinski, Piotr, Liow, Lee Hsiang (2022): Targeted collections reveal new species and records of Bryozoa and the discovery of Pterobranchia in Singapore. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 70: 257-274, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2022-0011
BB7A2B57FFF0F94D39B104E0B7DCEE2E.text	BB7A2B57FFF0F94D39B104E0B7DCEE2E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Setosellina constricta (Harmer 1926)	<div><p>Setosellina constricta (Harmer, 1926)</p> <p>(Fig. 2E)</p> <p>This species was discovered on coral rubble as spot-like colonies 2‒3 mm in diameter. Autozooids are 210‒379 μm long (mean 299 μm) with oval opesiae, and each is typically associated with a small interzooidal avicularium at their distal end, the mandible of which is setiform. There are no ooecia. This species has been discovered in the Middle Miocene of Java, where tiny colonies 1‒2 mm in diameter once lived interstitially on sand grains (Di Martino et al., 2019).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BB7A2B57FFF0F94D39B104E0B7DCEE2E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jain, Sudhanshi S.;Gordon, Dennis P.;Huang, Danwei;Kuklinski, Piotr;Liow, Lee Hsiang	Jain, Sudhanshi S., Gordon, Dennis P., Huang, Danwei, Kuklinski, Piotr, Liow, Lee Hsiang (2022): Targeted collections reveal new species and records of Bryozoa and the discovery of Pterobranchia in Singapore. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 70: 257-274, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2022-0011
BB7A2B57FFF0F94E3A5E02C0B71BEACE.text	BB7A2B57FFF0F94E3A5E02C0B71BEACE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thornelya fuscina Tilbrook, Hayward & Gordon 2001	<div><p>Thornelya fuscina Tilbrook, Hayward &amp; Gordon, 2001</p> <p>(Fig. 7A)</p> <p>Our material is not perfectly preserved, with many orifices and avicularia damaged, but enough characters are available to determine the species. Key features include the orifice (which is not parallel-sided as in Thornelya ceylonica (Thornely, 1905) and has a narrower sinus), and the small avicularia, which are fewer than in T. ceylonica and can sometimes be arranged in a set of three, comprising a pair flanking an orifice and another, distal to the orifice, on the succeeding zooid. This arrangement is the origin of the name fuscina (three-pronged fork). There are three oral spines. The occasional large avicularia illustrated by Tilbrook (2006) in T. fuscina were not seen in our material. Autozooids measure 407‒586 μm long (mean 501 μm) and 294‒443 μm wide (mean 358 μm), compared to that of colonies from Efate, Vanuatu (type locality), with a mean zooid length of 560 μm and width of 460 μm (Tilbrook et al., 2001); zooids from the Solomon Islands were cited as averaging 570 μm long and 480 μm wide (Tilbrook, 2006). Zooids in the Singapore material overlap with published ranges for length but are non-overlapping for width. The only other validated Thornelya species from the tropical western Pacific is T. perarmata Harmer, 1957; it differs from T. fuscina in having narrow parallel-sided orifices, six oral spines, and numerous small adventitious avicularia distributed around the margins of the zooid as well as near the orifice. Hippomenella mila Scholz, 1991 from the Philippines may belong to Thornelya (see Tilbrook, 2006: 342; Bock, 2022), but it has orifices that are as wide as long and 5‒8 oral spines.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BB7A2B57FFF0F94E3A5E02C0B71BEACE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jain, Sudhanshi S.;Gordon, Dennis P.;Huang, Danwei;Kuklinski, Piotr;Liow, Lee Hsiang	Jain, Sudhanshi S., Gordon, Dennis P., Huang, Danwei, Kuklinski, Piotr, Liow, Lee Hsiang (2022): Targeted collections reveal new species and records of Bryozoa and the discovery of Pterobranchia in Singapore. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 70: 257-274, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2022-0011
BB7A2B57FFF3F94E39F900E0B6ABEDED.text	BB7A2B57FFF3F94E39F900E0B6ABEDED.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cribrilaria vicariata (Waters 1923) Jain & Gordon & Huang & Kuklinski & Liow 2022	<div><p>Cribrilaria vicariata (Waters, 1923), new combination</p> <p>(Fig. 3D, E)</p> <p>Puellina innominata var. vicariata Waters, 1923: 559, pl. 17, fig. 3.</p> <p>Colletosia radiata: Harmer, 1926: 475 (part). Non Eschara radiata Moll, 1803.</p> <p>Cribrilaria aff. radiata: Ristedt, 1985: 20, fig. 3e‒h. Non Eschara radiata Moll, 1803.</p> <p>Puellina vicariata: Tilbrook &amp; Gordon, 2016: 597.</p> <p>Material examined. BLEED 1540 (University of Oslo), Pulau Semakau, Singapore, 0 m, 7 May 2019.</p> <p>Description. Colony extensive, forming uni‒bilayered sheets up to 4‒5 cm in diameter. Zooids subhexagonal [350‒482 μm long (mean 403 μm), 217‒385 μm wide (mean 292 μm), n = 14]. Costal shield almost flattened, with no recognisable gymnocyst, comprising 18‒24 pinnate costae very variable in length and width, the most proximal ones typically shortest, while even some lateral costae very narrow; no pelmatidia; first row of costae fused medially below the proximal edge of the orifice, forming conspicuous narrow groove with an almost rounded proximal pore; outermost intercostal pores large and rounded; almost 6 intercostal lacunae with 1‒2 minute denticles projecting into each lacuna. Orifice higharched [44‒68 μm long (mean 51 μm), 65‒102 μm wide (mean 74 μm), n = 14] and bordered by 4‒5 (mostly four) narrow spines. Avicularia interzooidal and variable in length [231‒642 μm long (mean 350 μm), 103–173 μm wide (mean 143 μm), n = 4], but notable for their proportionately long, very narrowly curving or rarely straight rostrum that can be weakly denticulate; distal tip rounded, palatal foramen elongate, no mandibular pivots; the proximal cryptocyst smooth. Avicularian cystid asymmetrically wider on one side than the other. Ovicells prominent, resting on concavity of distal costal field [172–239 μm long (mean 200 μm), 152–188 μm wide (mean 175 μm), n = 4]. Ooecium more or less smooth with a slight median keel and imperforate, maternal orifice often larger than non-ovicellate zooids, flanked on each side by a pair of spines. Kenozooids interzooidal, with cribrate frontals and no orifice, commonly occurring in clusters in the colony.</p> <p>Remarks. This distinctive species has not been described since 1923. It differs from the European species Cribrilaria innominata (Couch, 1844) in several important respects. The latter has only 9‒14 costae (most commonly 11‒12), 1‒5 intercostal lacunae (none denticulate) and four oral spines in ovicellate zooids; avicularia are proportionally shorter and straight. Cribrilaria vicariata is one of the more robust species of Cribrilaria, forming relatively thick, extensive crusts a few centimetres in diameter. The distinctive kenozooids illustrated by Waters (1923) were observed by us but not illustrated by SEM at the time of collecting (or subsequently).</p> <p>Tilbrook &amp; Gordon (2016) recorded a second species in Singapore (as Puellina sp.) but did not determine the species. It is possible that it may correspond to “ Cribrilina radiata ” of Jullien (1881: 205; though not this European species), who reported finding several small colonies on stems of the gorgonian Melithaea australis (as Anicella). He noted that they were especially remarkable for the straightness of the avicularia, which rules out C. vicariata. Cribrilaria egretta Ryland &amp; Hayward, 1992 (as Puellina) from Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef, is very close to C. vicariata and may be conspecific. It appears to differ in having oral-spine bases that are wider and close together. We here follow Rosso et al. (2018) in treating the three subgenera of Puellina as full genera.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BB7A2B57FFF3F94E39F900E0B6ABEDED	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jain, Sudhanshi S.;Gordon, Dennis P.;Huang, Danwei;Kuklinski, Piotr;Liow, Lee Hsiang	Jain, Sudhanshi S., Gordon, Dennis P., Huang, Danwei, Kuklinski, Piotr, Liow, Lee Hsiang (2022): Targeted collections reveal new species and records of Bryozoa and the discovery of Pterobranchia in Singapore. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 70: 257-274, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2022-0011
BB7A2B57FFF3F94E39C10740B798E9AE.text	BB7A2B57FFF3F94E39C10740B798E9AE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scorpiodinipora costulata (Canu & Bassler 1929)	<div><p>Scorpiodinipora costulata (Canu &amp; Bassler, 1929)</p> <p>(Fig. 7B)</p> <p>This species may represent a complex of cryptic species or an example of a human-mediated tropicopolitan coloniser. The Singapore material accords in all respects with the description given by Harmelin et al. (2012), who analysed known records of this species (under various names) from different oceans and selected a type from Romblon, Philippines. Autozooids in the unilamellar encrusting colonies of this species are relatively simple in that they lack oral spines, avicularia, and ovicells. The imperforate frontal shield has radial ridges, and the orifice is elongate-oval with a slight submedial constriction where the condyles are placed. Autozooids in our material measure 302‒429 μm long (mean 363 μm) and 171‒292 μm wide (mean 227 μm). Harmelin et al. (2012) provided measurements for material from Lebanon, the Red Sea, Oman, Ghana, and Brazil (but not Romblon). Zooid length in the Singapore material is closest to that from Brazil (360 μm) and zooid width to that from Ghana (221 μm).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BB7A2B57FFF3F94E39C10740B798E9AE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jain, Sudhanshi S.;Gordon, Dennis P.;Huang, Danwei;Kuklinski, Piotr;Liow, Lee Hsiang	Jain, Sudhanshi S., Gordon, Dennis P., Huang, Danwei, Kuklinski, Piotr, Liow, Lee Hsiang (2022): Targeted collections reveal new species and records of Bryozoa and the discovery of Pterobranchia in Singapore. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 70: 257-274, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2022-0011
BB7A2B57FFFDF94139900022B58EEC6E.text	BB7A2B57FFFDF94139900022B58EEC6E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Reptadeonella riatanae Jain & Gordon & Huang & Kuklinski & Liow 2022	<div><p>Reptadeonella riatanae, new species</p> <p>(Fig. 4A‒C)</p> <p>Material examined. Holotype: ZRC.BRY.0923 (Zoological Reference Collection, Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum; collected as SG2019 No. 126; sequenced as BLEED No. 1523), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.8376&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.2299" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.8376/lat 1.2299)">Pulau Tekukor</a> (1.2299°N, 103.8376°E), Singapore, 15‒17 m, coll. S.S. Jain &amp; P. Kuklinski, 6 May 2019.</p> <p>Etymology. Honorific for Ria Tan, tireless promoter of knowledge of Singapore’s biodiversity, notably through the WildSingapore website (http://www.wildsingapore.com).</p> <p>Diagnosis. Colony encrusting, unilaminar, small. Zooidal frontal shield nodular-tubercular. Orifice transversely oval to bean-shaped. Spiramen longitudinally slit-like, immediately proximal to avicularium. Suboral adventitious avicularium single, variable in size, not symmetrically placed; rostrum acute. Large vicarious avicularia rare, at colony margin, of similar shape to adventitious avicularia. Obvious gonozooids not evident, but some autozooids have larger orifices. Ancestrular complex a tetrad.</p> <p>Description. Colony encrusting, unilaminar, multiserial, up to 5–7 mm diameter, found on sponge. Colour in life purplish. Zooids arranged regularly in quincunx or surrounded by seven zooids at the bifurcation of zooid rows, separated by furrows with a thin boundary line. Zooids variably subhexagonal, widest in middle or parallel-sided [ZL 345‒563 (429), n = 15; ZW 235‒297 (256), n = 15]. Frontal shield umbonuloid, with nodular-tubercular surface and 19‒23 conspicuous marginal areolar-septular pores. Orifice wider than long, oval to bean-shaped, with straight to slight convex proximal margin [OrL 40‒59 (52), n = 15; OrW 76‒104 (91), n = 15]. A single conspicuous avicularium on each autozooid, borne adventitiously between the orifice and spiramen, variable in size [AvL 95‒149 (123), n = 15; AvW 52‒84 (71), n = 15]; the rostrum triangular, somewhat longer than wide, with tiny distal palate and large subquadrate foramen, the proximal margin of the mandible arcuate; avicularian cryptocyst subcrescentic smooth; mandible concealing spiramen when open. Spiramen elongate (up to 70 μm long) and exceptionally narrow, especially midlength, orientated longitudinally or obliquely so proximal to the avicularium. Vicarious avicularia occur at or near the colony margin, the rostrum and opesia having the same proportions as the adventitious avicularia [VavL 240‒300 (263), n = 4; VavW 157‒203 (176), n = 4]. Gonozooids not evident, but some of the larger zooids with wider orifices may function as such. Ancestrular complex a tetrad of zooids, their proximal ends converging.</p> <p>Remarks. The Bryozoa Home Page (Bock, 2022) lists 35 described species of Reptadeonella, 28 of which are living and the remainder exclusively fossil. All are restricted to particular regions, with 11 species now known from the tropical to subtropical western Pacific and eastern Indian Oceans. Prior to 2001, only three species were known from the region (Harmer, 1957). Tilbrook et al. (2001) added three more species (two of them new) from Vanuatu, Tilbrook (2006) described four more from the Solomon Islands, and Yang et al. (2018) described a new species from subtropically influenced Jeju Island, South Korea. None of these has a slit-like spiramen and, in those for which early astogeny is known, the ancestrular complex is a triad not a tetrad. Examination of descriptions and illustrations of all remaining living species of Reptadeonella shows that they all have a circular or transversely crescentic or oval spiramen (e.g., Almeida et al., 2015; Haugen et al., 2020; Winston &amp; Jackson, 2021). The two Miocene species from Kalimantan also have a circular spiramen (Di Martino &amp; Taylor, 2015).</p> <p>Distribution. The species is so far known only from Singapore.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BB7A2B57FFFDF94139900022B58EEC6E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jain, Sudhanshi S.;Gordon, Dennis P.;Huang, Danwei;Kuklinski, Piotr;Liow, Lee Hsiang	Jain, Sudhanshi S., Gordon, Dennis P., Huang, Danwei, Kuklinski, Piotr, Liow, Lee Hsiang (2022): Targeted collections reveal new species and records of Bryozoa and the discovery of Pterobranchia in Singapore. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 70: 257-274, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2022-0011
BB7A2B57FFFCF94339880020B58EEBCE.text	BB7A2B57FFFCF94339880020B58EEBCE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Arthropoma subarensis Jain & Gordon & Huang & Kuklinski & Liow 2022	<div><p>Arthropoma subarensis, new species</p> <p>(Fig. 5B‒D)</p> <p>Material examined. Holotype: ZRC.BRY.0908 (Zoological Reference Collection, Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum; collected as SG2019 No. 51; sequenced as BLEED No. 1466B), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.8362&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.2125" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.8362/lat 1.2125)">Big Sister’s Island</a> (1.2125°N, 103.8362°E), Singapore, 15‒17 m, coll. S.S. Jain, D. Huang &amp; P. Kuklinski, 3 May 2019.</p> <p>Etymology. Named for the Malay name of the island, Pulau Subar Laut, where this species was discovered. The island is part of the Sisters’ Islands Marine Park (Jaafar et al., 2018). Diagnosis. Colony encrusting unilaminar, small. Zooidal frontal shield with numerous simple pseudopores either side of an imperforate median strip; three rows of pseudopores continue around orifice. Orificial sinus longitudinally oval, the distal part constricted by condyle tips. Four short stumpy unjointed oral spines present. Endooecial surface evenly and minutely reticulated with a cluster of tiny pores at the bottom of each dimple. Ovicell opening non-cleithral.</p> <p>Description. Colony encrusting, unilaminar, multiserial, up to 4–6 mm diameter. Colour in life translucent pale orange. Zooids arranged regularly in quincunx, separated by a thin boundary line. Zooids variably subhexagonal, some parallelsided [ZL 500‒743 (606), n = 11; ZW 303‒599 (483), n = 11]. Frontal shield lepralioid, smooth overall, with 4‒6 series of simple funnel-shaped pseudopores on each side of a longitudinally imperforate central area; three rows of pseudopores continue distally around the orifice. Orifice comprising a near-semicircular anter, a little wider than long, and a longitudinally oval sinus [OL 147‒188 (164), n = 11; OrW 125‒177 (150), n = 11]. Shoulders of orifice straight, bearing very long and narrow smooth-edged condyles, the tips of which partially constrict the sinus opening. Orificial anter bordered by four oral spines, these short, tapering, non-articulated and hollow with a small apical pore. No avicularia. Ovicell conspicuous, hyperstomial; ooecium with almost wholly membranous ectooecium, excepted by a proximal ectooecial calcified border, thin, smooth; calcified endooecium with surface reticulated into a network of polygonal ridges defining dimples, with a cluster of microscopic perforations at the bottom of each dimple. Orifice non-cleithral, flanked on each side by a single spine [OvL 226‒272 (251), n = 7; OvW 223‒327 (283), n = 7]. Ancestrula not seen.</p> <p>Remarks. Living Arthropoma used to be regarded as essentially monospecific, with the name Arthropoma cecilii (Audouin, 1826) accorded to specimens from many parts of the world geographically very distant from that species’ Atlanto-Mediterranean range (see synonymies in Osburn, 1952; Harmer, 1957; Gordon, 1984). Subsequently, eight additional recent species have been named, five of them in the past decade, including two from the western Pacific. Six of these species are listed by Bock (2022) on the Bryozoa Home Page and two others are indicated in Harmer’s synonymy, i.e., Arthropoma gandyi (Haswell, 1880) and Arthropoma mediolaevis (Ortmann, 1890). Arthropoma subarensis, new species, differs from A. cecilii in the combination of oral spines, a broad imperforate area of frontal shield, 2‒3 rows of pseudopores distal to the orifice and a reticulate ooecial surface (see Chimenz Gusso et al., 2014). The only other species with oral spines is Arthropoma occidua Winston &amp; Jackson, 2021 from Jamaica, with 2‒3 spines, but these are entirely distal and the ooecial surface is only faintly textured.</p> <p>The identity of Arthropoma cecilii (the type species of the genus) is itself problematic. The original material was probably collected from the Red Sea, and AtlantoMediterranean and Red Sea specimens attributed to this species differ. For example, that described from Britain by Hayward &amp; Ryland (1999) has a minutely pitted and granulartessellated endooecial surface, whereas that illustrated from the Red Sea (Ostrovsky et al., undated) is likewise pitted but not granular, but that illustrated by Chimenz Gusso et al. (2014) is not pitted but has a highly rugose surface. The material illustrated by these authors probably constitutes three different species. The comprehensive molecular phylogeny presented by Orr et al. (2022) pairs nominal A. cecilii with A. subarensis, new species, and we have no hesitation including the latter in Arthropoma despite its moderately distinctive ooecium.</p> <p>Arthropoma gandyi from the Great Barrier Reef was never illustrated, but Harmer (1957: 1002) examined a specimen from the Haswell collection in the Manchester Museum and included it in the synonymy of A. cecilii. Haswell (1880) had described zooids as centrally imperforate, with a deep orificial sinus constricted at its entrance and the ovicells as having a subgranular surface. These characters differ from the material from Heron Island erroneously attributed to A. cecilii by Ryland &amp; Hayward (1992), which means there are two species of the genus in Queensland waters. Arthropoma mediolaevis from Japan was illustrated by Ortmann (1890) as having a centrally imperforate area, but with many more pseudopores proximal to this area than in A. subarensis, new species.</p> <p>Distribution. The species is so far known only from Singapore.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BB7A2B57FFFCF94339880020B58EEBCE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jain, Sudhanshi S.;Gordon, Dennis P.;Huang, Danwei;Kuklinski, Piotr;Liow, Lee Hsiang	Jain, Sudhanshi S., Gordon, Dennis P., Huang, Danwei, Kuklinski, Piotr, Liow, Lee Hsiang (2022): Targeted collections reveal new species and records of Bryozoa and the discovery of Pterobranchia in Singapore. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 70: 257-274, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2022-0011
BB7A2B57FFFEF94539A70440B6CBED0E.text	BB7A2B57FFFEF94539A70440B6CBED0E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Microporella sargassophilia Jain & Gordon & Huang & Kuklinski & Liow 2022	<div><p>Microporella sargassophilia, new species</p> <p>(Fig. 6A‒E)</p> <p>Material examined. Holotype: ZRC.BRY.0924 (Zoological Reference Collection, Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum; collected as SG2019 No. 128; sequenced as BLEED No. 1525), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.8376&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.2299" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.8376/lat 1.2299)">Pulau Tekukor</a> (1.2299°N, 103.8376°E), Singapore, 1 m, coll. S.S. Jain &amp; P. Kuklinski, 6 May 2019.</p> <p>Etymology. Named for the macroalgal host, Sargassum ilicifolium (see Yip et al., 2018), on which the species was found.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Colony encrusting on Sargassum laminae, unilaminar, tiny. Zooidal frontal shield nodular and sparsely pseudoporous, pores simple; thin gymnocystal margin around each zooid. Orifice with 3‒5 (mostly three) jointed oral spines; proximal rim smooth, inner distal margin minutely denticulated. Ascopore non-reticulate, crescentic, denticulate, set within small raised gymnocystal area. Avicularia single, sparse, not found on every zooid, set some distance from ascopore. Ovicell surface like that of frontal shield but with few or no pseudopores apically; proximofrontal margin of ooecium with smooth raised band of calcification; some zooids with broad bridge of calcification embracing orifice distal to ascopore, the tip of an oral spine sometimes showing on each side inside its rim. Ancestrula tatiform with 11 spines.</p> <p>Description. Colony encrusting, unilaminar, multiserial, tiny, up to only about 3 mm diameter, found only on the laminae of Sargassum ilicifolium. Colony colour whitish-transparent. Zooids subhexagonal, widest about midlength, interzooidal boundaries in furrows with thin, slight edges of gymnocyst visible in places [ZL 286‒407 (350), n = 20; ZW 192‒446 (275), n = 20]. Frontal shield pustulose, very sparsely pseudoporous (12‒18 pores in zone of astogenetic repetition), pores simple. Orifice transversely D-shaped with straight to slightly concave proximal margin; proximal smooth and non-denticulated, but inner face of distal oral arch weakly denticulate [OrL 43‒61 (53), n = 20; OrW 64‒100 (81), n = 20]. Typically three basally articulated oral spines, 4‒5 near colony origin, joints not dark. Ascopore transversely bean-shaped and weakly denticulate, set within the distal half of a slightly raised, smooth, shallow gymnocystal area; area between ascopore and proximal margin of orifice relatively smooth with a few tiny pustules. Avicularia sparse, single, not on every zooid, produced from an areolar-septular pore, not a pore-chamber; with complete crossbar, rostrum triangular overall with concave sides, the distal tip broadly rounded, open, channel-like. Mandible setiform, stilettolike with expanded triangular base [AvL 52‒69 (61), n = 7; AvW 43‒54 (48), n = 7; AvML 118‒147 (128), n = 7]; open mandible not reaching to opposite margin of zooid. Ovicell conspicuous, globular, ooecial surface pustulose like the frontal shield with a few peripheral pseudopores; strongly personate, but not in all zooids, with a broad bridge of calcification embracing the orifice distal to the ascopore, the tip of an oral spine showing on each side inside its rim in some zooids [OvL 168‒216 (190), n = 9; OvW 188‒215 (199), n = 9]. Embryos reddish. Interzooidal communications comprising well-developed basal pore-chambers, 1‒2 on each lateral wall and 2‒3 small such chambers below and around the orifice. Ancestrula tatiform, with elongate-oval opesia bordered by 11 spines; gymnocyst smooth (AnL 262‒280 (271), n = 2; AnW 180‒228 (204), n = 2). Two daughter zooids produced, each in a distolateral position.</p> <p>Remarks. We closely examined three fertile colonies at 1.88‒2.00 mm maximum length. The largest of the three had 31 zooids (8 frontally broken), of which 11 were ovicellate and three bore an avicularium. A colony of 26 zooids had seven that were ovicellate and four bore an avicularium. The third colony had 25 zooids, of which seven bore ovicells and four had an avicularium. Thus c. 26‒28% of the zooids in a sexually reproducing colony are actively producing larvae.</p> <p>Tilbrook (2006) noted that relatively few Microporella species had been described with personate ovicells, mentioning three of them— Microporella personata (Busk, 1854) from the Falkland (Malvinas) Islands, Microporella orientalis Harmer, 1957 from Indonesia, and Microporella harmeri Hayward, 1988 from Mauritius. Microporella orientalis differs from M. sargassophilia, new species, in developing extensive sheet-like colonies on hard substrata, that there are many more pseudopores in the frontal shield, and that the personate rim is not associated with spines. Microporella harmeri has large lateral avicularia, numerous pseudopores, and a denticulate proximal orificial rim (see also Harmelin et al., 2011).</p> <p>There are several other warm-water personate species. Microporella epihalimeda Tilbrook, 2006 from the Solomon Islands forms small colonies on the calcareous green alga Halimeda but differs from M. sargassophilia, new species, in having pustules between the ascopore and orifice and on the proximal face of the personate process as well as no spines associated with the personate process, characters shared with Microporella hawaiiensis Soule, Chaney &amp; Morris, 2003. In Microporella pontifica Osburn, 1952 from western Mexico and Microporella wrigleyi Soule, Chaney &amp; Morris, 2004 from California, the ascopore is embraced by the personate process. This is not the case in Microporella lepueana Soule, Chaney &amp; Morris, 2004 from American Samoa, but this species has a denticulate oral rim and often paired avicularia. Harmelin et al. (2011) described six personate species, three of them new, from the tropical Indian Ocean. Of these, the closest in morphology to M. sargassophilia is Microporella genisii (Audouin, 1826) from the Red Sea and eastern Mediterranean. It occurs on the marine angiosperm Cymodocea as well as hard substrata and has a pair of spines inside the corners of the personate peristome. It differs from M. sargassophilia in having up to six oral spines in proximal parts of the colony, that the ascopore is closer to the orifice and the area between is pustulose, and that the orifice has slight denticulation of the proximal rim but not the distal rim. The only other warm-water personate species is Microporella clypeiformis Liu in Liu, Yin &amp; Ma, 2001 from China. It differs, inter alia, in having only a narrow peristomial bridge.</p> <p>In the description, it has been noted that the avicularium in M. sargassophilia, new species, is budded from an areolarseptular pore, in contrast to those Microporella species in which the avicularian cystid extends to the substratum, replacing a basal pore-chamber. Hastings (1963) made this distinction, regarding the latter type as effectively interzooidal. Overall, apart from skeletal characters, M. sargassophilia is distinctive among personate species for its very small colony size and algal substratum. Colonies are fragile, in that zooids are not strongly interconnected and easily separate when bleached for scanning electron microscopy. Zooid surfaces are generally consistently fouled by diatoms.</p> <p>Distribution. The species is so far known only from Singapore.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BB7A2B57FFFEF94539A70440B6CBED0E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jain, Sudhanshi S.;Gordon, Dennis P.;Huang, Danwei;Kuklinski, Piotr;Liow, Lee Hsiang	Jain, Sudhanshi S., Gordon, Dennis P., Huang, Danwei, Kuklinski, Piotr, Liow, Lee Hsiang (2022): Targeted collections reveal new species and records of Bryozoa and the discovery of Pterobranchia in Singapore. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 70: 257-274, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2022-0011
