identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
BA5587AF637F4A18901F6C912E8DFB7F.text	BA5587AF637F4A18901F6C912E8DFB7F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Toktokkus Kamiński & Gearner & Kanda & Swichtenberg & Purchart & Smith 2021	<div>KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS TOKTOKKUS 1. Apex of elytra not sloped (dorsal view) and depressed with clear margin (Fig. 3B)............... T. congolensis- Apex of elytra sloped (dorsal view) and flat to slightly convex (e.g. Fig. 3A) ...............................................2 2. Margin of prosternal collar expanded and folded out into a large lip (Fig. 3C); elytra round, almost heart- shaped (Fig. 3C); declivous portion of elytra with little to no tubercles..................................... T. tschinkeli- Margin of prosternal collar not expanded, only occasionally folded out; elytra round or elongate; declivous portion of elytra with tuberculate rows .........................................................................................................3 3. Disc of pronotum with prominent punctures (Fig. 3D); gold setae present on elytra (Fig. 3D)..... T. herero- Disc of pronotum only with micropunctures; elytra not covered with setae................................................44. Tubercles on elytral sides round/globular, vertically direct (Fig. 2B, C) ......................................................5- Tubercles on elytral sides pointed, directed posteriorly (e.g. Fig. 3F) ..........................................................6 5. Elytral tubercles dense (1.0–1.5 diameters apart), laterally reaching humerus; elytra round (Fig. 2B) ........................................................................................................................................................... T. mulleri - Elytral tubercles sparse (2–3 diameters apart), laterally terminating prior to humerus; elytra elongate to round (Fig. 2C)................................................................................................................................ T. schultzei6. Elytral tubercles sparse (4–6 lateral rows), deeply angled...........................................................................7- Elytral tubercles dense (more than 6 lateral rows), slightly angled (Fig. 2B–F).........................................8 7. Elytral tubercles distinct, not confluent, nearly reaching humeri (Fig. 3A) ................................ T. barclayi - Elytral tubercles small and short, confluent into rows, terminating well before humeri (Fig. 2A) ...................................................................................................................................................... T. mashunus8. Microtubercles present between tuberculate rows (e.g. Fig. 3E), tuberculate rows rarely elevated on ridges ...............................................................................................................................................................9- Elytral tubercles all relatively the same size, no microtubercles present between rows, tuberculate rows often elevated on ridges ................................................................................................................................10 9. Body size fairly small (18.0–23.0 mm); elytral tubercles relatively dense, almost confluent; tubercles relatively short .................................................................................................................... T. tuberculipennis - Body size medium to large (28.0–32.0 mm); elytral tubercles less dense, only occasionally confluent; tubercles taller ................................................................................................................................ T. makuya 10. Elytral tubercles large, often confluent (Fig. 3F); tuberculate rows extend over humeri to scutellum; humeri prominent; disk of elytra where smooth often flat (Fig. 3F) ......................................... T. waclawae - Tubercles medium sized (Fig. 2E, F), not confluent; tuberculate rows end at humeri; humeri not prominent; disc of elytra where smooth generally convex .................................................................................... T. vialis</div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BA5587AF637F4A18901F6C912E8DFB7F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kamiński, Marcin J.;Gearner, Olivia M.;Kanda, Kojun;Swichtenberg, Kali;Purchart, Luboš;Smith, Aaron D.	Kamiński, Marcin J., Gearner, Olivia M., Kanda, Kojun, Swichtenberg, Kali, Purchart, Luboš, Smith, Aaron D. (2021): First insights into the phylogeny of tok-tokkie beetles (Tenebrionidae: Molurina, Phanerotomeina) and examination of the status of the Psammodes vialis species-group. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 191: 883-901, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa052
BA5587AF637F4A1F92DB69752BFEFA0D.text	BA5587AF637F4A1F92DB69752BFEFA0D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Toktokkus barclayi Kaminski & Gearner 2021	<div><p>TOKTOKKUS BARCLAYI KAMIŃSKI &amp; GEARNER</p><p>(FIG. 3A)</p><p>lsid urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 6894F758-CA7B-45F0- 8B17-CD4E32967131</p><p>Type Material: Holotype (BMNH), female: ‘ Blantyre. / March 1911 ’, ‘ Nyasaland. / Dr. J.E.S. Old / 1912--433 ’. Paratype (BMNH), female: ‘ Kota Kota, / to Ngara / Nyasaland / Dec. 1910 ’, ‘ Dr. J.E.S Old / 1914--438 ’.</p><p>Diagnosis: Similar to mashunus due to the sparse, deeply angled tubercles. This species can be distinguished from mashunus by its more distinct, non-confluent tubercles, which terminate closer to the humerus (Fig. 3A).</p><p>Description: Length 25.0 mm, width of pronotum 10.0– 11.0mmandelytra 14.0–16.0 mm. Head: Hypognathous. Frons finely punctate (2–5 diameters apart); frontoclypeal suture course, with deep groove in middle; apical clypeal margin broadly shallowly emarginate to non-emarginate; clypeus projected toward front of body; apical margin of labrum shallowly emarginate to nonemarginate medially, little to no punctation, margin of labrum densely covered with yellowish, acuminate setae. Eye comma-shaped, with reduced ventral part, strongly emarginate around epistomal base; with deep groove on temporal side. Mentum trapezoidal, not fully filling buccal cavity; longitudinal groove at middle on ventral surface; anterior margin emarginate at middle. Submentum semicircular, concave basally. Antenna slender, moderately covered in recumbent acuminate goldish setae; antennomere 2 short, equal to 0.2 of antennomere 3 length; antennomere 4 about half of antennomere 3 length; length of antenna roughly equal to pronotal length. Prothorax: Pronotal lateral margin rounded, well visible. Pronotum widest just posterior of middle. Disc dull, impunctate; anterior fully marginated, posterior margin absent at middle, anterior apices strongly produced. Hypomeron convex, without submarginal groove, impunctate but weakly rugulose in places. Prosternal process rounded in lateral view with small projection by coxa, longitudinally depressed in middle (ventral view). Anterior margin of prosternum straight. Pterothorax: Scutellum densely covered with microtubercles. Elytra widest at middle to anterior third, slightly rounded; disc impunctate, not covered by tubercles; lateral part (below humerus) covered with tubercles (organized in ~5–6 more or less regular rows on each elytron); declivous portion on each elytron with additional 1–2 tuberculate rows with occasional scattered microtubercles; elytral margin not visible dorsally except in apical quarter, tuberculate rows extend more or less to lateral margin. Elytral slope relatively steep, elytral apex flattened. Epipleura, impunctate, not tuberculate, clearly distinguishable from neighbouring portion of elytra, widely enfolding fifth ventrite. Mesoventrite with deep median groove and elevated sides. Metaventrite impunctate, with scattered setae. Lateral regions of metaventrite (between coxae) extremely short. Metaepisternal suture abbreviated posteriorly. Legs: covered with dense, gold setae. Procoxa exposed basally. Apex of protibia with prominent denticle on outer margin, lateral carina terminating at middle to basal third; median spur 0.66 to equal length of outer lateral spur. Spurs on meso- and metatibiae of equal length. Tarsi narrowed laterally. Abdomen: Ventrites moderately to weakly punctate and weakly rugulose ventrite 5 with submarginal sulcus at anterior half. Terminalia: Due to scarcity of available specimens, terminalia were not dissected; however, the apical part of the coxites is visible externally in one specimen and is identical to that of the other species of this genus (Fig. 6A–H).</p><p>Etymology: This species is dedicated to Maxwell V. L. Barclay, Curator and Collections Manager of Coleoptera at the Natural History Museum in London (BMNH).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BA5587AF637F4A1F92DB69752BFEFA0D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kamiński, Marcin J.;Gearner, Olivia M.;Kanda, Kojun;Swichtenberg, Kali;Purchart, Luboš;Smith, Aaron D.	Kamiński, Marcin J., Gearner, Olivia M., Kanda, Kojun, Swichtenberg, Kali, Purchart, Luboš, Smith, Aaron D. (2021): First insights into the phylogeny of tok-tokkie beetles (Tenebrionidae: Molurina, Phanerotomeina) and examination of the status of the Psammodes vialis species-group. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 191: 883-901, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa052
BA5587AF63784A1E92A76A4C2A5BFEBD.text	BA5587AF63784A1E92A76A4C2A5BFEBD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Toktokkus Kamiński & Gearner & Kanda & Swichtenberg & Purchart & Smith 2021	<div><p>TOKTOKKUS CONGOLENSIS KAMIŃSKI &amp; GEARNER</p><p>(FIG. 3B)</p><p>lsid urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 86883CCF-78A5-4DD3- A2C6-0AFA496EB42A</p><p>Type material: Holotype (BMNH), male: ‘ Congo / 80-32’.</p><p>Diagnosis: This species is most similar to T. waclawae due to its large, dense, confluent tubercles, but can be distinguished by the apex of the elytra, which is straight and depressed with raised margins (Fig. 3B), while in T. waclawae this structure is sloped and lacking a depression.</p><p>Description: Length 30.0 mm, width of pronotum 9.0 mm and elytra 12.0 mm. Head: Hypognathous. Frons finely punctate (2–4 diameters apart) except at middle; frontoclypeal suture course, with deep groove in middle; apical clypeal margin broadly shallowly emarginate to non-emarginate; clypeus projected toward front of body; apical margin of labrum shallowly emarginate medially, scattered punctation in apical half, margin of labrum densely covered with yellowish, acuminate setae. Eye comma-shaped, with reduced ventral part, strongly emarginate around epistomal base; with deep groove on temporal side. Mentum trapezoidal, with straight base, not fully filling buccal cavity; anterior margin not emarginate. Submentum semicircular, concave basally. Antenna slender, moderately covered in recumbent acuminate goldish setae; antennomere 2 short, equal to 0.2 of antennomere 3 length; antennomere 4 about twothirds of antennomere 3 length; length of antenna equal to or slightly longer than pronotal length. Prothorax: Pronotal lateral margin rounded, well visible. Pronotum widest above middle. Disc dull, impunctate; anterior margin complete, basal margin absent at middle, anterior apices strongly produced. Hypomeron convex, without submarginal groove, impunctate. Prosternal process rounded in lateral view, longitudinally depressed in middle (ventral view). Anterior margin of prosternum straight. Pterothorax: Scutellum densely covered with microtubercles. Elytra widest in basal third, slightly rounded; disc impunctate, without tubercles in middle; lateral part covered with nearly confluent tubercles organized in rows; declivous portion on each elytron with additional 3–4 tuberculate rows. Elytral slope relatively steep, elytral apex depressed with raised margin. Epipleura, impunctate, not tuberculate, clearly distinguishable from neighbouring portion of elytra, widely enfolding fifth ventrite. Mesoventrite with deep median groove and elevated sides. Metaventrite impunctate, setose. Lateral regions of metaventrite (between coxae) short. Metaepisternal suture abbreviated posteriorly. Legs: Covered with goldish setae. Procoxa exposed basally. Apex of protibia with prominent denticle on outer margin, lateral carina terminating at middle to basal third; median spur reduced, about half of outer lateral spur length. Spurs on meso- and metatibiae of equal length. Tarsi narrowed laterally. Abdomen: Ventrites 1–4 medially densely covered with goldish setae, weakly punctate and weakly rugulose; ventrite 5 without submarginal sulcus, densely punctured (~0.5 diameters apart), each puncture with single goldish setae. Terminalia: Due to scarcity of available specimens, terminalia were not dissected.</p><p>Etymology: Specific epithet is derived from type locality, Congo, an area in Central Africa surrounding the Congo River.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BA5587AF63784A1E92A76A4C2A5BFEBD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kamiński, Marcin J.;Gearner, Olivia M.;Kanda, Kojun;Swichtenberg, Kali;Purchart, Luboš;Smith, Aaron D.	Kamiński, Marcin J., Gearner, Olivia M., Kanda, Kojun, Swichtenberg, Kali, Purchart, Luboš, Smith, Aaron D. (2021): First insights into the phylogeny of tok-tokkie beetles (Tenebrionidae: Molurina, Phanerotomeina) and examination of the status of the Psammodes vialis species-group. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 191: 883-901, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa052
BA5587AF63794A1E92C96DFC2F7EFB1B.text	BA5587AF63794A1E92C96DFC2F7EFB1B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Toktokkus tschinkeli Kaminski & Gearner 2021	<div><p>TOKTOKKUS TSCHINKELI KAMIŃSKI &amp; GEARNER</p><p>(FIG. 3C)</p><p>lsid urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 61AAB5AF-1529-4D7D- A25C-90FD186FE037</p><p>Type material: Holotype (deposited at USNM), male: ‘ Chiqubo, Mozam. / No. 11–20, II 1964 / Coll. A.L. Moore. ’. Paratypes (TMNH): male: ‘LimpopoRiv. / Mozambique Territory. / Feb. 1924. / F.Streeter’, ‘ Psammodes / sp? near / tuberculipennis / det. AJH.’; female: same data but lacking the identification label .</p><p>Diagnosis: This species can be distinguished from its congeners by having margin of prosternal collar expanded and folded out into a large lip, extremely rounded elytra – almost heart-shaped, and declivous portion of elytra with little to no tubercles (Fig. 3C).</p><p>Description: Length 29.0–32.0 mm, width of pronotum 9.0–10.0 mm and elytra 19.0–23.0 mm. Head: Hypognathous. Frons finely punctate (3–4 diameters apart); frontoclypeal suture course, with deep groove in middle; apical clypeal margin broadly shallowly emarginate; clypeus projected toward front of body; apical margin of labrum sharply emarginate medially, densely punctate (although punctures fine) in apical half, apical side of labrum densely covered with yellowish, acuminate setae. Eye comma-shaped, with reduced ventral part, strongly emarginate around epistomal base; with deep groove on temporal side. Mentum trapezoidal, with straight base, not fully filling buccal cavity; anterior margin not emarginate; covered with fine setae. Submentum semicircular, concave basally. Antenna slender, moderately covered in recumbent acuminate goldish setae; antennomere 2 short, equal to 0.2 of antennomere 3 length; antennomere 4 about half of antennomere 3 length; length of antenna equal to 0.85 of pronotal length. Prothorax: Pronotal lateral margin rounded, well visible. Pronotum widest above middle. Disc dull, impunctate; anterior and basal margins, anterior apices strongly produced. Hypomeron convex, without submarginal groove, impunctate. Prosternal process rounded in lateral view, longitudinally depressed in middle (ventral view). Anterior margin of prosternum labiate, strongly projecting ventrally (lateral view). Pterothorax: Scutellum densely covered with microtubercles. Elytra widest in basal third, rounded laterally; disc impunctate, not covered by tubercles; lateral part (below humerus) covered with tubercles (organized in more or less regular rows) and microtubercles (2–4 diameters apart); remaining lateral part of elytra visible only ventrally, impunctate, without tubercles and microtubercles. Elytral slope steep, densely covered with microtubercles (1–4 diameters apart), with sparsely distributed tubercles, elytral apex flattened. Epipleura, impunctate, not tuberculate, clearly distinguishable from neighbouring portion of elytra, widely enfolding fifth ventrite. Mesoventrite with deep, median groove and elevated sides. Metaventrite impunctate, densely setose. Lateral regions of metaventrite (between coxae) extremely short. Metaepisternal suture abbreviated posteriorly. Legs: Covered with dense, goldish setae. Procoxa exposed basally. Apex of protibia with prominent denticle on outer margin, lateral carina terminating in basal third; median spur reduced, reaching 0.5 of outer lateral spur length. Spurs on meso- and metatibiae of equal length. Tarsi narrowed laterally. Abdomen: Ventrites 1–4 medially densely covered with goldish setae moderately punctate and weakly rugulose; ventrite 5 densely punctate and setose; ventrite 5 without submarginal sulcus, densely punctured (~0.5 diameters apart), each puncture with single goldish setae. Terminalia: Due to scarcity of available specimens, terminalia were not dissected.</p><p>Etymology: Named in honour of Dr Walter R.Tschinkel (Florida State University), an internationally renowned entomologist, for his outstanding contributions to darkling beetle systematics.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BA5587AF63794A1E92C96DFC2F7EFB1B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kamiński, Marcin J.;Gearner, Olivia M.;Kanda, Kojun;Swichtenberg, Kali;Purchart, Luboš;Smith, Aaron D.	Kamiński, Marcin J., Gearner, Olivia M., Kanda, Kojun, Swichtenberg, Kali, Purchart, Luboš, Smith, Aaron D. (2021): First insights into the phylogeny of tok-tokkie beetles (Tenebrionidae: Molurina, Phanerotomeina) and examination of the status of the Psammodes vialis species-group. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 191: 883-901, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa052
BA5587AF63794A1D91B169422FBAFF32.text	BA5587AF63794A1D91B169422FBAFF32.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Toktokkus Kamiński & Gearner & Kanda & Swichtenberg & Purchart & Smith 2021	<div><p>TOKTOKKUS HERERO GEARNER</p><p>lsid urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: DE95E0D8-39B9-4555- AF0C-77AEDD599E20</p><p>Type material: Holotype (deposited at USNM), male: ‘ Abachaus. / Otjiwarongo / S.W. A/ G. Hobohm / 24-2- 1945 ’, ‘ Psammodes / tuberculipennis/ Haag / det. Penrith’.</p><p>Diagnosis: This species is the only known species in this genus with macroscopic punctation on the pronotum and setae on the elytra (Fig. 3D). This species can be further differentiated from T. mashunus, T. mulleri, T. schultzei, T. vialis and T. waclawae by the presence of microtubercles between tuberculate rows on the elytra. This species, while round, is much more elongate than T. tschinkeli and lacks the lip-like margin of the prosternum characteristic of T. tschinkeli . The tubercles in this species are smaller and less prominent than those of T. tuberculipennis and T. makuya .</p><p>Description: Length 25.0 mm, width of pronotum 8.0 mm and elytra 12.0 mm. Head: Hypognathous. Frons coarsely punctate (1–2 diameters apart); frontoclypeal suture course, with deep groove in middle; apical clypeal margin broadly shallowly emarginate; clypeus projected anterioventrally; apical margin of labrum emarginate medially, sparsely punctate in apical half, margin of labrum densely covered with yellowish, acuminate setae. Eye comma-shaped, with reduced ventral part, strongly emarginate around epistomal base; with deep groove on temporal side. Mentum trapezoidal, with straight base, not fully filling buccal cavity; anterior margin not emarginate; covered with fine setae. Submentum semicircular, concave basally. Antenna slender, moderately covered in recumbent acuminate goldish setae; antennomere 2 short, ~0.1– 0.2 of antennomere 3 length; antennomere 4 less than half of antennomere 3 length. Prothorax: Pronotal lateral margin rounded, ‘flared’ at anterior third, well visible. Pronotum widest above middle. Disc dull, with dense punctation; anterior fully marginate, posterior margin absent at middle, anterior apices strongly produced. Hypomeron convex, without submarginal groove, rugulose and occasionally punctate. Prosternal process rounded in lateral view with small projection by coxa, longitudinally depressed in middle (ventral view) between procoxae. Anterior margin of prosternum straight, with gold setae. Pterothorax: Scutellum densely covered with microtubercles. Elytra widest in basal third, slightly rounded, covered in scattered gold setae; disc impunctate, with scattered microtubercles; lateral half at and below humerus and declivous portion (apical third) with alternating rows of tubercles and microtubercles (larger than those on the disc); elytral margin not visible dorsally except in apical quarter, tuberculate rows extend to lateral margin. Elytral slope relatively steep, elytral apex flattened. Epipleura impunctate, not tuberculate, clearly distinguishable from neighbouring portion of elytra, widely enfolding fifth ventrite. Mesoventrite with deep median groove and elevated sides. Metaventrite impunctate, densely setose. Lateral regions of metaventrite (between coxae) extremely short. Metaepisternal suture abbreviated posteriorly. Legs: Covered with dense gold setae. Procoxa exposed basally. Apex of protibia with prominent denticle on outer margin, lateral carina terminating in basal third; median spur reduced, reaching 0.5 of outer lateral spur length. Spurs on meso- and metatibiae of equal length. Tarsi narrowed laterally. Abdomen: Ventrites 1–3 medially densely covered with goldish setae moderately punctate and weakly rugulose; ventrite 5 densely punctate, each puncture with single gold seta (~0.5 diameters apart); ventrite 5 with submarginal sulcus only at base. Terminalia: Due to scarcity of available specimens, terminalia were not dissected.</p><p>Etymology: Named in honour of the Herero people of Namibia, where this species occurs.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BA5587AF63794A1D91B169422FBAFF32	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kamiński, Marcin J.;Gearner, Olivia M.;Kanda, Kojun;Swichtenberg, Kali;Purchart, Luboš;Smith, Aaron D.	Kamiński, Marcin J., Gearner, Olivia M., Kanda, Kojun, Swichtenberg, Kali, Purchart, Luboš, Smith, Aaron D. (2021): First insights into the phylogeny of tok-tokkie beetles (Tenebrionidae: Molurina, Phanerotomeina) and examination of the status of the Psammodes vialis species-group. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 191: 883-901, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa052
BA5587AF637A4A1C91A36D782E0CFDC4.text	BA5587AF637A4A1C91A36D782E0CFDC4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Toktokkus Kamiński & Gearner & Kanda & Swichtenberg & Purchart & Smith 2021	<div><p>TOKTOKKUS MAKUYA GEARNER</p><p>lsid urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 7265FD25-E2AF- 49BD-947A-A4C6D80E0C97</p><p>Type material: Holotype (USNM), male: ‘South Africa: Limpopo: Makuya / N. R., Mutale Falls Safari Camp, / 300m, 22.42°S 31.05°E, / 2.ii.2018. KK18_064. K. Kanda, / R. A. Gomez, J. M. Pflug’. Paratypes: Four males and three females (Kojun Kanda): same data as holotype; male (PERC): same data but with: ‘Tenebrionid Base / Aaron D Smith / Catalog # 22651’; female (CASC): ‘ MOZAMBIQUE / Lourenco Marques’, ‘ ii 1957 / NLHKrauss’; male (CASC): ‘ 28°E 18°S, Rhodesia / Hostes Nicolle Inst. / Wildlife Res. Jan. / 1974 M. B. Fenton’; male and three females (T. Keith Philips): ‘SO. AFRICA: Northern Prov. just NW of Sukses, Madikela / Game Res., 12–14.III.1999 / Philips, Gerofsky, and Kryger / S24°05’, E28°18 ’’; male (CASC): ‘S. AFRICA / Bechuanaland / Tsuagara / Jan. 7, 1965 / John W. Neal’; male (CASC): ‘Naawpoort; / Pbg 21-11- 21 / G. V. Son’, ‘ PSAMMODES / vialis / Burchell / det. Dr. C. Koch’; three females (LuboŠ Purchart): ‘ AFRICA, MOZAMBIQUE / S 22°04.963’; E 33°55.577’ / camp site / 3–4. iii. 2011 ’, ‘ R. Blažek lgt.’; male (BMNH): ‘Naauwpoort, / Petersburg / distr. / 25/x.1928 / G. V.Son’; male (BMNH): ‘Naauwpoort, / Petersburg Distr. / 25/ xii. 27. / G. van Son’; female (BMNH): ‘Lake / Nigami’; male (BMNH): ‘ P. vialis Burchell / = pierreti Amyot / det. K.G.Blair.’, ‘ Psammodes tuberculipennis’, ‘L. M. / 20-1-09’, ‘Pres. by / Imp. Bur. Ent. / Brit. Mus. 1925–93.’, ‘Lourenco Marques: / 20.1.1909 / Howard Coll.’; female (BMNH): ‘ ZAMBIA 1147m / Lukwakwa, West Lunga N.P. / S12°39’40”, E24°26’13” / 28–29.iv.14. Light Trap / leg. Smith, R., Takano, H., / Chmurova, L, &amp; Smith, L.’, ‘ Psammodes / vialis / E. Ruzzier det. 2015’; male (BMNH): ‘Damara Land’, ‘F. Bates / 81–19’; male and two females (Ted MacRae): ‘ R.S. Africa Northern Prov. / waterberg, Goelhoutbosh / 24°22’34’’ S, 27°33’ 64’’ E’, ‘ 29.xi.1999, T.C. MacRae / Nocturnally in sandy / ground in open woodland’; male (MIZ PAS): same data; three females (PERC): same data; female (XXX): ‘ SOUTH AFRICA 1965 / Bechuanaland 5 IV / Ngamiland Nokaneng’; two males and a female (CASC): ‘SW Africa / 19° 14’S / 20° 14’E’, ‘CO Handley Jr / XI. 28, 1952 ’.</p><p>Diagnosis: The presence of microtubercles between the tuberculate rows on the elytra of this species distinguishes it from the following species: T. mashunus, T. mulleri, T. schultzei, T. vialis and T. waclawae . This species can be differentiated from T.tschinkeli by the lack of a prominent lip-like structure on the margin of the prosternum, and the elytra, while round, are more elongate than T. tschinkeli . The tubercles in this species are taller and less dense than those of T. tuberculipennis and T. herero, with those of T. tuberculipennis being nearly confluent at times.</p><p>Description: Length 28.0–33.0 mm, width of pronotum 10.0–13.0 mm and elytra 17.0–22.0 mm. Head: Hypognathous. Frons finely punctate (2–4 diameters apart); frontoclypeal suture course, with deep groove in middle; apical clypeal margin broadly shallowly emarginate to non-emarginate; clypeus projected toward front of body; apical margin of labrum shallowly to sharply emarginate medially, densely punctate (although punctures often fine) in apical half, margin of labrum densely covered with yellowish, acuminate setae. Eye comma-shaped, with reduced ventral part, strongly emarginate around epistomal base; with deep groove on temporal side. Mentum trapezoidal, with straight base, not fully filling buccal cavity; anterior margin not emarginate. Submentum semicircular, concave basally. Antenna slender, moderately covered in recumbent acuminate goldish setae; antennomere 2 short, equal to 0.1–0.2 of antennomere 3 length; antennomere 4 about half of antennomere 3 length; length of antenna slightly longer than pronotal length. Prothorax: Pronotal lateral margin rounded, well visible. Pronotum widest at middle. Disc dull, impunctate; anterior fully marginate, posterior margin occasionally absent at middle, anterior apices strongly produced. Hypomeron convex, without submarginal groove, impunctate but weakly rugulose in places. Prosternal process rounded in lateral view with small projection by coxa, longitudinally depressed in middle (ventral view). Anterior margin of prosternum straight to slightly projecting ventrally (lateral view). Pterothorax: Scutellum densely covered with microtubercles. Elytra widest at middle, slightly rounded; disc impunctate, not covered by tubercles; lateral part (below humerus) covered with tubercles (organized in ~7–8 more or less regular rows on each elytron), with microtubercles scattered between rows; declivous portion on each elytron with additional 3–4 tuberculate rows with microtubercles in between; elytral margin not visible dorsally except in apical quarter, tuberculate rows extend more or less to lateral margin. Elytral slope relatively steep, elytral apex flattened. Epipleura, impunctate, not tuberculate, clearly distinguishable from neighbouring portion of elytra, widely enfolding fifth ventrite. Mesoventrite with deep median groove and elevated sides. Metaventrite impunctate, often densely setose (in males). Lateral regions of metaventrite (between coxae) short. Metaepisternal suture abbreviated posteriorly. Legs: Covered with dense gold setae. Procoxa exposed basally. Apex of protibia with prominent denticle on outer margin, lateral carina terminating at middle to basal third; median spur reduced, reaching 0.5 of outer lateral spur length. Spurs on meso- and metatibiae of equal length. Tarsi narrowed laterally. Abdomen: Ventrites 1–3 medially densely covered with goldish setae (males), moderately punctate and weakly rugulose; ventrite 5 densely punctate; ventrite 5 without submarginal sulcus. Terminalia: Aedeagus as in Figure 1E. Ovipositor similar to others in the genus (Fig. 6A–H).</p><p>Etymology: Named after the locality from which the holotype was collected and is also the name of a tribe in the Limpopo province of South Africa.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BA5587AF637A4A1C91A36D782E0CFDC4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kamiński, Marcin J.;Gearner, Olivia M.;Kanda, Kojun;Swichtenberg, Kali;Purchart, Luboš;Smith, Aaron D.	Kamiński, Marcin J., Gearner, Olivia M., Kanda, Kojun, Swichtenberg, Kali, Purchart, Luboš, Smith, Aaron D. (2021): First insights into the phylogeny of tok-tokkie beetles (Tenebrionidae: Molurina, Phanerotomeina) and examination of the status of the Psammodes vialis species-group. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 191: 883-901, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa052
BA5587AF637B4A0391A16E032934F9BC.text	BA5587AF637B4A0391A16E032934F9BC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Toktokkus Kamiński & Gearner & Kanda & Swichtenberg & Purchart & Smith 2021	<div><p>TOKTOKKUS WACLAWAE KAMIŃSKI</p><p>lsid urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: CCA6EFFB-401D-40AF- 9341-AB40107E2698</p><p>Type material: Holotype (MIZ PAS), male: ‘N Rhodesia / 8 I 1942 / Dr W. Eichler’, ‘42’, ‘ Psammodes / pierreti Amyot’ . Paratypes (MIZ PAS): male and female: ‘N Rhodesia / 10 I 1942 / Dr W. Eichler’; male: ‘KafueR / Rhodesia / UnivFilmEx’, ‘HCRaven / Dec`19 col’; male: ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=25.833334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.933332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 25.833334/lat -17.933332)">Victoria Falls</a> / Zimbabwe /??? 11–89’; female: ‘ Psammodes Pierreti / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=25.833334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.933332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 25.833334/lat -17.933332)">Solier</a> / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=25.833334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.933332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 25.833334/lat -17.933332)">Zamberer’</a>, ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=25.833334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.933332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 25.833334/lat -17.933332)">Sammlung</a> / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=25.833334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.933332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 25.833334/lat -17.933332)">Schroeder’</a>; female: ‘ ZIMBABWE Victoria / Falls, 17°56’S 25°50’E / 19–22 Dec 1995 / W.J. Pulawski collector’; male and five females (LuboŠ Purchart): ‘ AFRICA, S ZAMBIA / Victoria falls env. (Livingstone) / 26.–30.xii.1993 / leg. J. Moravec’ .</p><p>Diagnosis: Similar to T. vialis due to the lack of microtubercles between the lateral tubercles, and presence of longitudinal ridges on elytral sides and slope. Both species can be distinguished by different morphology (larger and often confluent in T. waclawae) and arrangement (rows extend over humeri to scutellum in T. waclawae) of tubercles; and elytral disc (almost flat in lateral view in T. waclawae) (Fig. 3F).</p><p>Description: Length 29.0–30.0 mm, width of pronotum 9.0–10.0 mm and elytra 19.0–20.0 mm. Head: Hypognathous. Frons finely punctate (3–4 diameters apart); frontoclypeal suture course, with deep groove in middle; apical clypeal margin broadly shallowly emarginate; clypeus projected toward front of body; apical margin of labrum sharply emarginate medially, densely punctate (although punctures fine) in apical half, apical side of labrum densely covered with yellowish, acuminate setae. Eye comma-shaped, with reduced ventral part, strongly emarginate around epistomal base; with deep groove on temporal side. Mentum trapezoidal, with straight base, not fully filling buccal cavity; anterior margin not emarginate; covered with fine setae. Submentum semicircular, concave basally. Antenna slender, moderately covered in recumbent acuminate goldish setae; antennomere 2 short, equal to 0.2 of antennomere 3 length; antennomere 4 about half of antennomere 3 length; length of antenna equal to 0.85 of pronotal length. Prothorax: Pronotal lateral margin rounded, well visible. Pronotum widest above middle. Disc dull, impunctate; anterior and basal margins, anterior apices strongly produced. Hypomeron convex, without submarginal groove, impunctate. Prosternal process rounded in lateral view, longitudinally depressed in middle (ventral view). Anterior margin of prosternum labiate, strongly projecting ventrally (lateral view). Pterothorax: Scutellum densely covered with microtubercles. Elytra widest in basal third, rounded laterally; disc impunctate, not covered by tubercles; lateral part (below humerus) covered with tubercles (organized in more or less regular rows) and microtubercles (2–4 diameters apart); remaining lateral part of elytra visible only ventrally, impunctate, without tubercles and microtubercles. Elytral slope steep, densely covered with microtubercles (1–4 diameters apart), with sparsely distributed tubercles, elytral apex flattened. Epipleura, impunctate, not tuberculate, clearly distinguishable from neighbouring portion of elytra, widely enfolding fifth ventrite. Mesoventrite with deep median groove and elevated sides. Metaventrite impunctate, densely setose. Lateral regions of metaventrite (between coxae) extremely short. Metaepisternal suture abbreviated posteriorly. Legs: Covered with dense, goldish setae. Procoxa exposed basally. Apex of protibia with prominent denticle on outer margin, lateral carina terminating in basal third; median spur reduced, reaching 0.5 of outer lateral spur length. Spurs on meso- and metatibiae of equal length. Tarsi narrowed laterally. Abdomen: Ventrites 1–4 medially densely covered with goldish setae moderately punctate and weakly rugulose; ventrite 5 densely punctate and setose; ventrite 5 without submarginal sulcus, densely punctured (~0.5 diameters apart), each puncture with single goldish setae. Terminalia: Aedeagus as in Figure 1E. Ovipositor as in Figure 6C–H.</p><p>Etymology: This new species is dedicated to the memory of the first author’s grandmother, Wacława Kamińska (born on 5 November 1927 in Bartniki, Poland, died on 29 September 2010, in Warsaw, Poland).</p><p>SYNONYMY NOTES:</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BA5587AF637B4A0391A16E032934F9BC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kamiński, Marcin J.;Gearner, Olivia M.;Kanda, Kojun;Swichtenberg, Kali;Purchart, Luboš;Smith, Aaron D.	Kamiński, Marcin J., Gearner, Olivia M., Kanda, Kojun, Swichtenberg, Kali, Purchart, Luboš, Smith, Aaron D. (2021): First insights into the phylogeny of tok-tokkie beetles (Tenebrionidae: Molurina, Phanerotomeina) and examination of the status of the Psammodes vialis species-group. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 191: 883-901, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa052
BA5587AF63644A0392AA6AD42858F957.text	BA5587AF63644A0392AA6AD42858F957.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Toktokkus vialis	<div><p>TOKTOKKUS VIALIS SELLATUS (HAAG- RUTENBERG)</p><p>= Psammodes kuisup Péringuey, 1908, synon. nov. (as P. ‘ kuisip ’ in Gebien, 1937 and Kaminski et al., 2019a). = Psammodes sellatus uriai Koch, synon. nov.</p><p>Justification: When describing Psammmodes kuisup (in erratum, referred to in the description as Psammodes tuberculipennis), Péringuey (1908) was apparently unaware of Psammodes sellatus Haag-Rutenberg and, therefore, did not provide diagnosable characters to differentiate the two species. Examination of specimens, including the P.sellatus holotype and a specimen collected at the type locality and determined by Koch as P. kuisup, and comparison of the species descriptions, reveal no easily diagnosable characters between these two species.</p><p>Koch (1953b) described the subspecies P. sellatus uriai as differing from P. sellatus sellatus by the following characters: a more elongate body, a slenderer pronotum with less prominent punctation and tubercles less dense and organized in rows (as opposed to denser and more irregular in sellatus). However, when comparing specimens, these differences appear minor and not sufficient to justify classifying these as separate subspecies.</p><p>NOTES ON PHANEROTOMEINA:</p><p>GENUS CHILIARCHUM KOCH ( SEPIDIINI: PHANEROTOMEINA)</p><p>l s i d u r n:l s i d:z o o b a n k.o r g:a c t: C B7 1 2 3 7 1-B6 0 4- 4D1B-93A2-1258C6920572</p><p>Type species: Moluris (Phanerotoma) bertolonii Guérin-Méneville (by original designation).</p><p>Diagnosis: From Koch (1954): submarginal area of the sides of the pronotum, and often that of the elytra, with either a broad stripe of white to yellow subtomentose hairs along the lateral carina or with densely conglomerated micropunctation or granulation with associated scattered short, fine, squamulated bristles; pronotum with two prebasilar impressions at or near the posterior angles, filled with pale subtomentose hairs or densely micropunctured with scattered short, fine bristles; males with a reddish brown brush of hairs on the outer edge of the upper surface of the mesotibiae, sometimes extending to the tibial base.</p><p>Species and subspecies included (8): Chiliarchum arnoldi arnoldi (Koch, 1952) comb. nov., C. arnoldi sabianus (Koch, 1952) comb. nov., C. bertolonii (Guérin-Méneville, 1844) comb. nov., C. freyi (Koch, 1952) comb. nov., C. guerini guerini (Haag- Rutenberg, 1871) comb. nov., C. guerini lawrencii (Koch, 1954) comb. nov., C. guerini mancus (Koch, 1954) comb. nov., C. junodi (Péringuey, 1899) comb. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BA5587AF63644A0392AA6AD42858F957	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kamiński, Marcin J.;Gearner, Olivia M.;Kanda, Kojun;Swichtenberg, Kali;Purchart, Luboš;Smith, Aaron D.	Kamiński, Marcin J., Gearner, Olivia M., Kanda, Kojun, Swichtenberg, Kali, Purchart, Luboš, Smith, Aaron D. (2021): First insights into the phylogeny of tok-tokkie beetles (Tenebrionidae: Molurina, Phanerotomeina) and examination of the status of the Psammodes vialis species-group. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 191: 883-901, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa052
