identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
B97D87A8EC75F373E0C86CE0FE91F90D.text	B97D87A8EC75F373E0C86CE0FE91F90D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Biston Leach 1815	<div><p>Assessment of Biston and Clanis damage in Erythrophleum fordii trees</p><p>Field observations were carried out on Biston and Clanis during 2024 in 2 to 16-year-old E. fordii plantations in Hanoi, Hoa Binh and Bac Giang provinces, Vietnam. Life-cycle laboratory studies were used to compliment the field studies, and this was undertaken in the SPFH, Hanoi, Vietnam. The E. fordii plantations examined being damaged by Biston and Clanis were 10 – 20 hectares in size, typically with 1,660 trees per hectare. In each province, 10 plots/age (each 500 m 2) were randomly selected and leaf damage from Biston and Clanis larvae was recorded on 60 trees in each plot. The damage was classified at five levels as follows: 0 = no leaf damage; 1 = leaf area loss &lt;25%; 2 = leaf area loss 25 to &lt;50%; 3 = leaf area loss 50 to &lt;75%; and 4 = leaf area loss ≥ 75%.</p><p>Data analysis</p><p>Following the results of damage classification, the damage incidence (P%) was calculated using Equation 1 (Chi et al. 2021):</p><p>P% = (n/N) × 100 (1) where: n is the number of trees attacked by leaf-feeders; N is total number of trees assessed.</p><p>The damage severity (R%) in each plot was calculated using Equation 2 (VAFS 2023):</p><p>R% = ((Ʃni × vi)/(N × V)) × 100 (2) where ni is the number of infected trees at damage index i, vi is the damage index at level i, N is total number of trees assessed, and V is the maximum damage index used for classification.</p><p>The damage severity level was ranked based on the average damage index as follows: very severe damage (R%&gt; 75%); severe damage (75% ≥ R%&gt; 50%); medium damage (50% ≥ R%&gt; 25%); slight damage (25% ≥ R%&gt; 0%) and no damage (R% = 0%).</p><p>Results</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B97D87A8EC75F373E0C86CE0FE91F90D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Truong, Pham Xuan;Thai, Nguyen Hoang;An, Nguyen Le Ha;Thao, Tran Thi Phuong;Ha, Dinh Thi	Truong, Pham Xuan, Thai, Nguyen Hoang, An, Nguyen Le Ha, Thao, Tran Thi Phuong, Ha, Dinh Thi (2025): New record of two folivores in Erythrophleum fordii plantations in Vietnam. Ecologica Montenegrina 83: 60-67, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.83.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.83.6
B97D87A8EC75F373E0C8687AFAECF81E.text	B97D87A8EC75F373E0C8687AFAECF81E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Biston suppressaria Guenee 1858	<div><p>Biston suppressaria Guenée, 1858</p><p>Based on the external morphological characters of adults (n = 29, Figs. 1a, b) in this study and compared with those previously given by Jiang et al. (2011), one of the folivores infesting E. fordii trees in Vietnam was identified as Biston suppressaria Guenée, 1858 ( Lepidoptera: Geometridae). This species has synonyms: Amphidasys suppressaria, Buzura suppressaria, Buzura suppressaria benescripta, Biston suppressaria f. benesparsa, Buzura multipunctaria and Biston luculentus (Jiang et al. 2011) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B97D87A8EC75F373E0C8687AFAECF81E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Truong, Pham Xuan;Thai, Nguyen Hoang;An, Nguyen Le Ha;Thao, Tran Thi Phuong;Ha, Dinh Thi	Truong, Pham Xuan, Thai, Nguyen Hoang, An, Nguyen Le Ha, Thao, Tran Thi Phuong, Ha, Dinh Thi (2025): New record of two folivores in Erythrophleum fordii plantations in Vietnam. Ecologica Montenegrina 83: 60-67, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.83.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.83.6
B97D87A8EC76F370E0C86A63FC0AFA07.text	B97D87A8EC76F370E0C86A63FC0AFA07.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Clanis titan Rothschild & Jordan 1903	<div><p>Clanis titan Rothschild &amp; Jordan, 1903</p><p>Based on the external morphological characters of adults (n = 16, Figs. 2a, b) in this study and compared with those previously given by Rothschild and Jordan (1903), Zolotuhin and Ryabov (2012) and Kitching et al. (2014), the second new folivore infesting E. fordii trees in Vietnam was identified as Clanis titan Rothschild &amp; Jordan, 1903 ( Lepidoptera: Sphingidae). The morphological characters of larva and pupa were provided in Figure 2c and 2d, respectively.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B97D87A8EC76F370E0C86A63FC0AFA07	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Truong, Pham Xuan;Thai, Nguyen Hoang;An, Nguyen Le Ha;Thao, Tran Thi Phuong;Ha, Dinh Thi	Truong, Pham Xuan, Thai, Nguyen Hoang, An, Nguyen Le Ha, Thao, Tran Thi Phuong, Ha, Dinh Thi (2025): New record of two folivores in Erythrophleum fordii plantations in Vietnam. Ecologica Montenegrina 83: 60-67, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.83.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.83.6
