identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
7213A751C5585A71BC29313125550CD3.text	7213A751C5585A71BC29313125550CD3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Merodon aenigmaticus Vujic, Radenkovic & Likov 2024	<div><p>Merodon aenigmaticus Vujić, Radenković &amp; Likov sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 1 A, 3 A, 4 G, 7 A, 9, 12 C</p><p>Type material examined.</p><p>Holotype. Male in MNHN. The specimen had no label or information about its origin. FSUNS ID 04325.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>(only male known). Similar to Merodon vandergooti (Fig. 4 C) from which differs with less broad metafemur (in M. aenigmaticus sp. nov. is ~ 3.5 ×, while in M. vandergooti is ~ 2.5 × longer than wide) (Fig. 4 G), less curved metafemur and metatibia (Fig. 4 G), and quite rounded posterior surstylar lobe (Fig. 9 A: pl, marked with red arrow), while posterior surstylar lobe is strongly angulated ventrally in M. vandergooti (Fig. 10 A: pl, marked with red arrow). It differs from M. rufofemoris sp. nov. by partly black femora (Fig. 4 G) (orange-yellow in M. rufofemoris sp. nov.; Fig. 4 E), and quite rounded posterior surstylar lobe (Fig. 9 A: pl) (strongly angulate ventrally in M. rufofemoris sp. nov.; Fig. 11 A: pl, marked with red arrow).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male. Head. Basoflagellomere orange-yellow (Fig. 12 C), elongated, ~ 2 × longer than wide, and ~ 2.2 × longer than pedicel, convex dorsally; fossette dorsolateral; arista reddish to brown and thickened at basal third; arista ~ 1.5 × longer than basoflagellomere; face and frons black with whitish pollinosity, while face covered with dense whitish pilosity; pile on frons dense, greyish white; oral margin small, black, sparsely pollinose; lunula shining black to brown, bare; eye contiguity ~ 12 facets long; vertical triangle isosceles, black, shiny, except grey pollinose anterior corner, covered with greyish white pilosity; ocellar triangle equilateral; occiput with a grey-yellow pile, densely covered with grey pollinosity along eyes; eyes covered with short, whitish grey pile (Fig. 12 C).</p><p>Thorax. Scutum and scutellum black with bronze lustre, covered with short, reddish yellow pile; pilosity between wing bases mostly black; scutum with indistinct pollinose vittae; posterior margin of scutellum with very long reddish yellow to whitish pilosity, reduced medially (Fig. 3 A); posterodorsal part of anterior anepisternum, posterior anepisternum (except anteroventral angle), anterior anepimeron, dorsomedial anepimeron, and posterodorsal and anteroventral parts of katepisternum with long, dense greyish white pile; wings mostly covered with microtrichia; wing veins yellowish to brown; calypteres whitish yellow; halteres yellowish; legs reddish yellow, except black basal half of pro- and mesofemora, and basal 4 / 5 of metafemur; metafemur broad, covered with long, whitish yellow pilosity (Fig. 4 G).</p><p>Abdomen. Elongated (Fig. 1 A), ~ 1.3 × longer than mesonotum; terga black, except lateral sides of tergum 2 with reddish yellow maculae; terga 2–4 with broad, distinct silver-grey pollinose fasciate maculae interrupted medially; pile on terga reddish yellow to whitish; sterna black, covered with whitish grey pile; posterior margin of sternum 4 with characteristic posteromedial incision (Fig. 7 A).</p><p>Male genitalia (Fig. 9). Anterior surstylar lobe large, elongated (up to 3 × longer than wide) and sickle-like (Fig. 9 A: al); posterior surstylar lobe rectangular with quite rounded ventral margin (Fig. 9 A: pl), ~ 1.5 × longer than wide, covered with short pile; cercus rectangular (Fig. 9 B: c); hypandrium sickle-shaped, without lateral projections; lingula short and tapering (Fig. 9 D: l).</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Unknown. The species is described based on a male holotype from the MNHN collection lacking any label or information about the origin of the specimen.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The name aenigmaticus derives from the Latin adjective, meaning ‘ enigmatic, like an enigma’, in the masculine form. This term describes the absence of any information related to the holotype, including collecting place, date or collector. Species epithet to be treated as an adjective.</p><p>Merodon clavipes (Fabricius, 1781)</p><p>Syrphus clavipes Fabricius, 1781: 427 .</p><p>Musca clauda Villers, 1789: 463 .</p><p>Musca curvipes Gmelin, 1790: 2871 .</p><p>Syrphus gravipes Rossi, 1790: 286 .</p><p>Merodon curvipes Meigen, 1803: 274 .</p><p>Merodon senilis Meigen, 1822: 356 .</p><p>Merodon canipilus Rondani, 1865: 131 .</p><p>Merodon clavipes var. alba Paramonov, 1926: 90 .</p><p>Merodon clavipes var. atra Paramonov, 1926: 91 .</p><p>Merodon clavipes var. niger Paramonov, 1926: 90 .</p><p>Merodon clavipes albus Peck, 1988: 169 (sic! non Paramonov), syn. nov.</p><p>Merodon clavipes ater Peck, 1988: 169 (sic! non Paramonov), syn. nov.</p><p>Merodon clavipes niger Peck, 1988: 169 (sic! non Paramonov), syn. nov.</p><p>Merodon splendens Hurkmans, 1993: 182, syn. nov.</p><p>Syrphus clavipes Fabricius, 1781: 427</p><p>Type locality. Italy. The original description (Fabricius 1781) was based on an unspecified number of syntypes. The lectotype was designated by Hurkmans (1993: 178): male in Sehestedt and Tonder Lund collection (ZMUC). Unfortunately, the type material was destroyed (AV pers. obs.). Two pins from the type collection possess only labels: [ Syrphus clavipes] and [P 195-1].</p><p>Neotype (designated here). Male, Italy, Sicily, 20. vi. 1914, leg. Trautmann (ZMUC).</p><p>A neotype was designated to clarify the taxonomic status of Merodon clavipes . Lectotype was designated by Hurkmans (1993) in his revisionary work on genus Merodon, but has been destroyed. Data and description are sufficient to ensure recognition of the specimen designated, and the neotype is consistent with what is known of the former name-bearing type from the original description and latter revision. Neotype belongs to the same country (Italy) cited as the original type locality and it is deposited in the same Museum where lectotype was kept (ZMUC).</p><p>Musca clauda Villers, 1789: 463</p><p>Type locality. France. Synonymy with Merodon clavipes was cited in Peck (1988: 168) and Hurkmans (1993: 178). Type material presumably lost.</p><p>Syrphus gravipes Rossi, 1790: 286</p><p>Type locality. Italy. Synonymy with Merodon clavipes was cited in Peck (1988: 168) and Hurkmans (1993: 178). Type material presumably lost.</p><p>Merodon senilis Meigen, 1822: 356</p><p>Type locality. Italy. Synonymy with Merodon clavipes was cited in Peck (1988: 168) and Hurkmans (1993: 178). Lectotype was designated by Hurkmans (1993: 178): female “ senilis ” (NHMW) (not found).</p><p>Merodon canipilus Rondani, 1865: 131</p><p>Type locality. Italy. Synonymy with Merodon clavipes was cited in Peck (1988: 168) and Hurkmans (1993: 178). Lectotype was designated by Hurkmans (1993: 178): male in Rondani collection [52] (LSF) (examined).</p><p>Merodon clavipes var. alba Paramonov, 1926 а: 90</p><p>Merodon clavipes albus Peck, 1988: 169 (sic! non Paramonov), syn. nov.</p><p>Holotype (examined). Female with labels: white, handwritten, bold ink [N 327]; yellowish, handwritten, pale ink, with bluish typographical frame [Valegotsulovo / d. Balta / g. Odessa / 2. vi. 25], 47.566923; 29.9389105, Ukraine; pink, handwritten, pale ink, with double typographical frame [ Merodon / clavipes Fabr. / var. alba ♀ / Typus var. nov.] (SIZK).</p><p>Notes. This taxon was described from a single female, but the specimen storage location was not indicated (Paramonov 1926 a: 90) and, until recently, it was not known (Liepa 1969: 4, 20; Hurkmans 1993: 179 “ types of either of the varieties ... are considered to be lost ”, 205 “ lost ”, 206). The original description is based on a single specimen, which is the holotype according to article 73.1. 2 ICZN (1999) and it is kept in the SIZK collection (Popov 2011). Type locality: Ukraine. The species name is clearly infrasubspecific (1.3. 4, 10.2 ICZN 1999) because, as stated by Paramonov himself, the specimen was collected together with the nominal taxon (45.6. 1, 45.6. 4 ICZN 1999, also see Lingafelter and Nearns 2013). Therefore, this name is not subject to Code 45.6.4.1 (ICZN 1999). The name was first given subspecies rank in Peck’s Catalogue (1988: 169), i. e., « M. clavipes albus Paramonov » (the original gender ending was incorrect and changed, see Article 34.2, ICZN 1999), according to article 45 (g) (ii) ICZN (1985), now corresponding to 45.6. 4 (ICZN 1999) (see 45.6.4.1 of ICZN, 1999). However, this is a violation of article 45 (f) (ii) ICZN (1985), now corresponding to 45.6. 1, 45.6. 4 (ICZN 1999). According to article 45.5. 1 (ICZN 1999), Peck adopts authorship of this species name, so we present it as Merodon clavipes albus Peck, 1988, which is a syn. nov. for M. clavipes (Fabricius 1781) . Later, Hurkmans (1993: 178) erroneously indicated that Peck (1988: 169) listed the name as a “ variety ”. He also erroneously indicated that S. Ya. Paramonov published the name in 1927 and that the single specimen is a syntype. He left the ranking “ variety ” for the name (Hurkmans 1993: 179). Colour varieties of M. clavipes have been found in multiple populations of this species, similar to the variations reported for Merodon equestris (Conn 1976; Han et al. 2018).</p><p>Merodon clavipes var. atra Paramonov, 1926 а: 91</p><p>Merodon clavipes ater Peck, 1988: 169 (sic! non Paramonov), syn. nov.</p><p>Notes. This variety was established without reference to the type material, for the male specimens that were in the possession of P. Sack (Germany, now his collection is conserved in the Naturmuseum Senckenberg, Frankfurt am Main) (Paramonov 1926 a: 91). The number of types was not given in the original description and their storage location was not indicated, nor were they discovered subsequently (Liepa 1969: 4, 20). The type locality is also unknown. The types of this variety were also not found in the SIZK Department of Entomology collection (G. Popov, in prep.), where the vast majority of Paramonov’s types are stored. Thus, the types are considered lost, as already indicated by W. Hurkmans (1993: 178, 179, 205).</p><p>The name “ atra ” by Paramonov is clearly infrasubspecific (see Articles 1.3. 4 and 10.2, ICZN 1999), because S. Paramonov (Paramonov 1926 а) placed this variety together with others he described for this species (see Articles 45.6. 1 and 45.6. 4, ICZN 1999). Moreover, he did not report the type locality (see the same Articles; also see Lingafelter and Nearns 2013). Therefore, this name is not subject to the Code (see Article 45.6, ICZN 1999).</p><p>The name was given subspecies rank for the first time (see Article 45.6.4.1, ICZN 1999), « M. clavipes ater Paramonov » (the original gender ending was incorrect and changed, see Article 34.2, ICZN 1999), in Peck’s Catalogue (1988: 169) according to article 45 (g) (ii) ICZN (1985), now corresponding to Article 45.6. 4 (ICZN 1999). However, this is a violation of Article 45 (f) (ii) ICZN (1985), now corresponding to Articles 45.6. 1 and 45.6. 4 (ICZN 1999). So, according to the Articles 45.5. 1 and 50.3. 1 (ICZN 1999), L. Peck established her own authorship of this name, and we use subspecies name ater Peck, 1988 that we consider to be a new synonym (syn. nov.) for M. clavipes (Fabricius, 1781), since according to our data, this colour form has no geographical reference and is inherent to some specimens of the species throughout the range. Colour varieties of M. clavipes have been found in multiple populations of this species, similar to variations described for Merodon equestris (Conn 1976; Han et al. 2018).</p><p>Merodon clavipes var. nigra Paramonov, 1926 а: 90</p><p>Merodon clavipes niger Peck, 1988: 169 (sic! non Paramonov), syn. nov.</p><p>Holotype (examined). Female with labels: white, handwritten, bold ink [N 328]; yellowish, handwritten, pale ink, with bluish typographical frame [Valegozulovo / d. Balta / g. Odessa / 28. v. 25.], 47.566923; 29.9389105, Ukraine; pink, handwritten, pale ink, with double typographical frame [ Merodon / clavipes Fabr. / var. nigra ♀ / Typus. var. nov.] (SIZK).</p><p>Notes. The situation for variety niger is identical to that described above for variety alba (see above clavipes var. alba Paramonov, 1926). The taxon was described from a single female, but the specimen storage place was not indicated (Paramonov 1926 a) and, until recently, it was not known (Liepa 1969; Hurkmans 1993). The original description is based on a single specimen, which is the holotype that is kept in the SIZK collection (Popov 2011). Type locality: Ukraine. This name is clearly infrasubspecific because, as indicated by Paramonov himself, the specimen was collected together with the nominal taxon. Therefore, this name is not subject to Code 45.6.4.1 (ICZN 1999). The name was given subspecific rank for the first time in Peck’s Catalogue (1988), i. e., « M. clavipes niger Paramonov » (the original gender ending was incorrect and changed, see Article 34.2, ICZN 1999). Thus, Peck assumes authorship of this name, so we use Merodon clavipes niger Peck, 1988, which is a syn. nov. for M. clavipes (Fabricius, 1781) . Later, Hurkmans (1993) mistakenly indicated that Peck (1988) listed the name as a “ variety ”, that Paramonov published the name in 1927, and that the single specimen is a syntype. He left the rank variety for the name (Hurkmans 1993). Colour varieties of M. clavipes have been found in multiple populations of this species, similar to variations described for Merodon equestris (Conn 1976; Han et al. 2018).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7213A751C5585A71BC29313125550CD3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Vujić, Ante;Radenković, Snežana;Likov, Laura;Tubić, Nataša Kočiš;Popov, Grigory;Gilasian, Ebrahim;Djan, Mihajla;Milosavljević, Marina Janković;Ačanski, Jelena	Vujić, Ante, Radenković, Snežana, Likov, Laura, Tubić, Nataša Kočiš, Popov, Grigory, Gilasian, Ebrahim, Djan, Mihajla, Milosavljević, Marina Janković, Ačanski, Jelena (2024): Revisions of the clavipes and pruni species groups of the genus Merodon Meigen, 1803 (Diptera, Syrphidae). ZooKeys 1203: 1-69, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1203.118842
1633D18005BB5E449967F9DFBE95BB36.text	1633D18005BB5E449967F9DFBE95BB36.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Merodon aequalis Vujic, Radenkovic & Likov 2024	<div><p>Merodon aequalis Vujić, Radenković &amp; Likov sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 23, 24 A, E, F, 25 A, 26 A, B, 28 A, 30 A, 31 A, 32, 33, 34</p><p>Type material examined.</p><p>Holotype. State of Palestine • 1 ♂; Wadi Kabala Judean hills; 30 Apr. 1947; in TAU . Paratypes. Israel • 1 ♂; Golan, Qunaitra; 19 May 1983; leg. F. Kaplan; in RMNH • 1 ♂; Golan, 5 km south Qunaitra; 19. v. 1983; leg. F. Kaplan; in TAU • 1 ♀; Ekron; 28 May 1921; in TAU • 1 ♀; Jerusalem; 6 May 1922; leg. P. A. Buxton; in RMNH • 1 ♂; Mrar; 14 May 1974; leg. M. Kaplan; in TAU • 1 ♀; Rehovot; 28 Sep. 1920; in RMNH • 1 ♀; Rehovot, 28 Apr. 1920; in TAU • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; in TAU • 1 ♂; 9 May 1925; in RMNH. State of Palestine • 1 ♂; Tikenias; 13 Oct. 1931; leg. U. Suenberg; in NHMUK • 1 ♂; 8 May; O. Theodor; in TAU .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Sternum 3 with long, equally distributed pilosity (Fig. 30 A). In male the metatrochanter has a small calcar, almost absent (Fig. 25 A); metafemur broad, ~ 3.5 × longer than wide, strongly curved, covered with long and dense pilosity ventrally (Fig. 25 A); sternum 4 on Fig. 28 A. Female with rounded metatrochanter (Fig. 31 A) and shorter but dense pilosity on metafemur ventrally than in male (Fig. 31 A). Similar to Merodon pallidus stat. rev. from which differs by sternum 3 with equally distributed pilosity of the same length (Fig. 30 A) (in M. pallidus stat. rev. with a conspicuous area of very long pilosity medially; Fig. 30 D: marked with arrow), the shape of sternum 4 of male (Fig. 28 A) (slightly different in M. pallidus stat. rev.; Fig. 28 D), small calcar on metatrochanter in male, almost absent (Fig. 25 A) (male of M. pallidus has a distinct calcar; Fig. 25 D, while female of M. pallidus stat. rev. has the metatrochanter angular; Fig. 31 C).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male. Head (Fig. 24 A, E). Pedicel and scapus reddish yellow; basoflagellomere from reddish yellow to brown (Fig. 24 A), short, oval, ~ 1.3 × longer than wide, and ~ 2 × longer than pedicel, concave dorsally; fossette large, dorsolateral; arista reddish to brown and thickened at basal third; arista ~ 2.5 × longer than basoflagellomere; face and frons black, with dense whitish pollinosity; face covered with dense whitish pilosity; pile on frons yellow-whitish; oral margin shiny black, without pollinosity; lunula reddish to brown, bare; eye contiguity ~ 10–12 facets long; vertical triangle isosceles, shiny, black, covered with grey-yellowish pilosity mixed with black pile around equilateral ocellar triangle; occiput with grey-yellow to whitish pile, and grey pollinose; eyes covered with short, whitish grey pile (Fig. 24 E).</p><p>Thorax (Fig. 32 A). Scutum and scutellum black with brownish lustre, covered with short, grey-yellow to whitish pile; pilosity between wing basis mostly black, at least around wing basis; lateral sides of scutum, excluding wing basis covered with long, golden to yellowish pile; scutum with two narrow pollinose vittae; posterior margin of scutellum with long yellowish pilosity (Fig. 32 A); posterodorsal part of anterior anepisternum, posterior anepisternum (except anteroventral angle), anterior anepimeron, dorsomedial anepimeron, and posterodorsal and anteroventral parts of katepisternum with longer, dense whitish to yellow pile; wings mostly covered with microtrichia; wing veins yellowish to light brown; calypteres and halteres whitish yellow; angular calcar on metatrochanter small, almost absent; femora black except yellowish apex; metafemur broad, ~ 3.5 × longer than wide, sparsely covered with long ventral pilosity (Fig. 25 A); tibiae yellow to reddish, except brown medial ring; tarsi yellowish red, in some specimens brown dorsally.</p><p>Abdomen. Elongated, ~ 1.3 × longer than mesonotum; tergum 1 black, terga 2–4 reddish yellow, medially partly brown; terga with a pair of broad, distinct silver-grey pollinose fasciate maculae; pile on terga yellow to whitish, medially short, adpressed, in some specimens black pile present on dark parts of terga 3 and 4 medially (Fig. 26 A); sterna brown, covered with long, equally distributed whitish pile (Fig. 30 A); posterior margin of sternum 4 with characteristic posteromedial circular incision (Fig. 28 A).</p><p>Male genitalia (Fig. 33). Anterior surstylar lobe rectangular (Fig. 33 A: al); posterior surstylar lobe large and broad, ~ 1.5 × longer than wide (Fig. 33 A: pl); cercus rectangular (Fig. 33 A: c); hypandrium sickle-shaped, without lateral projections; lingula short (Fig. 33 C: l).</p><p>Female. Similar to the male except for normal sexual dimorphism and the following characteristics: frons with broad pollinose vittae along eyes or completely pollinose, and reddish at the level of the ocellar triangle (Fig. 24 F); scutum with five distinct pollinose vittae (Fig. 32 B); metatrochanter rounded; pilosity on the ventral surface of metafemur shorter but denser than in male (Fig. 31 A); tergum 2 all reddish, while terga 3–5 more brownish (Fig. 26 B).</p><p>Distribution and biology.</p><p>The range is restricted to Israel and the State of Palestine (Fig. 34). Its preferred environment is Eastern Mediterranean conifer-sclerophyllous-broadleaf forests. The vegetation of this ecoregion includes maquis, coniferous forests of Pinus halepensis Mill. and P. brutia Ten., dry Quercus spp. woodlands and steppe formations (WWF 2022). Flight period: April / October. Developmental stages: not described.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Adjective aequalis meaning equal, similar, refers to the equally distributed pilosity of the same length on sternum 3 in males opposite to the related species Merodon pallidus stat. rev. with a conspicuous area of very long pilosity medially. Species epithet to be treated as an adjective.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1633D18005BB5E449967F9DFBE95BB36	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Vujić, Ante;Radenković, Snežana;Likov, Laura;Tubić, Nataša Kočiš;Popov, Grigory;Gilasian, Ebrahim;Djan, Mihajla;Milosavljević, Marina Janković;Ačanski, Jelena	Vujić, Ante, Radenković, Snežana, Likov, Laura, Tubić, Nataša Kočiš, Popov, Grigory, Gilasian, Ebrahim, Djan, Mihajla, Milosavljević, Marina Janković, Ačanski, Jelena (2024): Revisions of the clavipes and pruni species groups of the genus Merodon Meigen, 1803 (Diptera, Syrphidae). ZooKeys 1203: 1-69, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1203.118842
EA5FF18B893652B88AC7B7928DE3CFBE.text	EA5FF18B893652B88AC7B7928DE3CFBE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Merodon cupreus Hurkmans 1993	<div><p>Merodon cupreus Hurkmans, 1993</p><p>Merodon cupreus Hurkmans, 1993: 179.</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>Turkey, “ Kars ”. Original description was based on a male holotype and a high number of male and female paratypes (all in RMNH) (Hurkmans 1993: 179). Holotype (designated by Hurkmans): male, Turkey, Kars (RMNH), [specimen dry pinned]. Original labels: [Turkey, Kars, Handere 2100–2200 m, 20 km W of Saricamiş, 1. viii. 1983, leg. J. A. W. Lucas], [Holotype of Merodon cupreus Hurkmans] (examined).</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Bumble bee mimic species (similar to species from clavipes species group) with pile on scutum longer than basoflagellomere (shorter in other species of the pruni species group); mesonotum with whitish pile except for broad black-pilose fascia between wing bases (Fig. 27 B); tergum 2 black (mostly reddish yellow in other species of the pruni group); tergum 2 with whitish to yellow pile, and terga 3 and 4 covered with yellow to reddish pilosity (Fig. 26 C); legs black; calcar on metatrochanter distinct; metafemur curved and covered with long, dense pilosity (Fig. 25 B); sternum 3 medially with distinct pilosity (Fig. 30 B: marked with arrow); sternum 4 in Fig. 28 B. Male genitalia in Fig. 35. Similar to Merodon clavipes and M. quadrinotatus from which it clearly differs by its short basoflagellomere, which is as long as broad (as on Fig. 24 A) (basoflagellomere&gt; 2 × longer than wide in M. clavipes (Fig. 2 A) and M. quadrinotatus (Fig. 2 C)).</p><p>Distribution and biology.</p><p>The species is solely distributed in Turkey (Fig. 34; Suppl. material 2), including the eastern Pontic and Taurus mountains belonging to the Irano-Anatolian hotspot. These chains of high mountains form a natural barrier between the Mediterranean Basin and the dry plateaux of Western Asia. This topographically complex and extensive system of mountains and closed basins includes major parts of central and eastern Turkey. Historically, the mountains have served both as refuge and corridor between the eastern Mediterranean and western Asia, giving rise to multiple patches of local endemism. The principal habitat of the species inside the hotspot is mountainous forest steppe, supporting oak-dominant ( Quercus spp.) deciduous forests (CEPF 2022). Flight period: June / August. Developmental stages: not described.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EA5FF18B893652B88AC7B7928DE3CFBE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Vujić, Ante;Radenković, Snežana;Likov, Laura;Tubić, Nataša Kočiš;Popov, Grigory;Gilasian, Ebrahim;Djan, Mihajla;Milosavljević, Marina Janković;Ačanski, Jelena	Vujić, Ante, Radenković, Snežana, Likov, Laura, Tubić, Nataša Kočiš, Popov, Grigory, Gilasian, Ebrahim, Djan, Mihajla, Milosavljević, Marina Janković, Ačanski, Jelena (2024): Revisions of the clavipes and pruni species groups of the genus Merodon Meigen, 1803 (Diptera, Syrphidae). ZooKeys 1203: 1-69, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1203.118842
83AB027E25BE5118A1D43B9D07D2046F.text	83AB027E25BE5118A1D43B9D07D2046F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Merodon latens Vujic, Radenkovic & Likov 2024	<div><p>Merodon latens Vujić, Radenković &amp; Likov sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 1 D, E, 2 B, 3 B, 4 B, 5 B, 6 A, B, 7 C, 8 C, 12 A, B, 13, 14 B, 15, 17</p><p>Type material examined.</p><p>Holotype: Spain • 1 ♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-3.455277&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.10278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -3.455277/lat 37.10278)">Sierra Nevada</a>, second valley; 37.102778, - 3.455277; 17 Jun. 2014; leg. A. Vujić, S. Radenković, S. Pérez- Bañón; in FSUNS . Paratypes. Spain • 7 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; Andalusia, Almijara, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-3.7317&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.879" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -3.7317/lat 36.879)">Corbijo los Capotes</a>; 36.879, - 3.7317; 11 Jun. 2003; leg. D. Doczkal; in DD collection . Spain, Andalusia, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-3.7317&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.879" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -3.7317/lat 36.879)">Granada</a>, 37.25, - 3.25, 29–31 May 1925, leg. Zerny, 1 male in NHMW • 1 ♀; Andalusia, Granada; 1 Jun. 1925; leg. Zerny; in NHMW • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Andalusia, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-6.2596&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.6401" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -6.2596/lat 36.6401)">Puerto de Santa Maria</a>; 36.6401, - 6.2596; Apr. 1933; leg. S. Hering; in ZHMB • 1 ♀; Andalusia, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-2.851944&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.422222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -2.851944/lat 37.422222)">Sierra de Baza</a>; 37.422222, - 2.851944; 9 Jun. 2003; leg. D. Doczkal; in DD collection • 2 ♂♂; Andalusia, Sierra de Segura, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-2.678333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.156666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -2.678333/lat 38.156666)">Casas de Carrasco</a>; 38.156666, - 2.678333; 7 Jun. 2003; leg. D. Doczkal; in DD collection • 1 ♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=2.127128&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.414246" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 2.127128/lat 41.414246)">Barcelona</a>; 41.414247, 2.127128; May 1918; leg. H. Teunissen; in RMNH • 1 ♂; Burgos, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-3.467732&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.897514" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -3.467732/lat 41.897514)">Espinosa de Cervera</a>; 12 Jun. 1992, 41.897516, - 3.467732; leg. M. Hull; in WML • 1 ♂; Castilla la Mancha, Sierra de Alcaraz, Riopar; 38.504722, - 2.46; 14 Jun. 2003; leg. D. Doczkal, in DD collection • 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Ciudad Real, Sierra de Santa Maria, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-3.9166665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.966667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -3.9166665/lat 38.966667)">Viso del Marques</a>; 38.966666, - 3.9166666; 20 Apr. 1999; leg. M. E. Irwin; in HM collection • 1 ♂; Cortes de la Frontera, way to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-5.312444&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.593903" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -5.312444/lat 36.593903)">Grazalema</a>, 36.593904, - 5.312444, 6 May 2015; leg. A. Vujić; in FSUNS • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Cortijo los Capotes, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-3.731667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.878887" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -3.731667/lat 36.878887)">Almijara</a>; 36.878889; - 3.731667; 11 Jun 2003; leg. A. Ssymank; in SIZK • 1 ♂; Granada, Rio Lanjaron, near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-3.469431&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.9437" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -3.469431/lat 36.9437)">Lanjaron</a>; 36.9437, - 3.469431; 28. Apr. 1966; leg. Lyneb. Martin, Langemark; in ZMUC • 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Granada, Sierra Nevada, near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-3.1666667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.083332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -3.1666667/lat 37.083332)">Padul</a>; 37.0833333, - 3.1666667; 4 May 1966; leg. Martin; Langemark; in ZMUC • 1 ♂; Grazalema 2, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-5.333724&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.722683" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -5.333724/lat 36.722683)">Puerto Alamillo</a>; 36.722683, - 5.333724; 8 May 2015; leg. A. Vujić; in FSUNS • 1 ♂; Leon, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-5.861399&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.84144" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -5.861399/lat 42.84144)">Mirantes de Luna</a>; 42.841438, - 5.861399; 3 Jun. 1987; leg. M. A. Marcos-García; in FSUNS • 1 ♂; Lugros, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-3.257778&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.183056" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -3.257778/lat 37.183056)">Sierra Nevada</a>; 37.183056, - 3.257778; 18 Jun. 2014, leg. A. Vujić, S. Radenković, S. Pérez-Bañón; in FSUNS • 1 ♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-4.683333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.63333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -4.683333/lat 36.63333)">Malaga</a>, Alhaurin el Grande; 36.633333, - 4.683333; 1 May 1979; leg. H. Teunissen; in RMNH • 1 ♂; Malaga, Ronda; 16 Apr. 1955; leg. I. H. H. Yarow; in NHMUK • 1 ♂; Prov. Salamanca, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-6.741098&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.74166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -6.741098/lat 40.74166)">Villar de Ciervo</a>; 40.741661, - 6.741098; 24 May 1987; leg. Tschorsnig; in ZFMK • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-3.445555&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.127777" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -3.445555/lat 37.127777)">Sierra Nevada</a>, first valley; 37.127777, - 3.445555; 17 Jun. 2014; leg. A. Vujić, S. Radenković, S. Pérez-Bañón; in FSUNS • 1 ♂; Sierra Nevada, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-3.870833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.125553" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -3.870833/lat 38.125553)">Rio Lanjaron</a> 2; 38.125555, - 3.870833; 28 Apr. 2019; leg. A. Vujić, S. Radenković; in FSUNS • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Sierra Nevada N. P., road to San Jeronimo; 37.240277, - 3.48; 17 Jun. 2014, leg. X. Mengual; in ZFMK • 1 ♂; SW Spain, 4 km SE of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-4.517977&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.002354" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -4.517977/lat 37.002354)">Antequera</a>; 37.002352, - 4.517977; 7 May 1981; leg. A. E. Stubbs; in NHMUK • 1 ♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-4.090701&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.69747" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -4.090701/lat 38.69747)">Puertollano</a>; 38.697473, - 4.090701; in MNHN .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Similar to Merodon clavipes from which differs by the less broad metafemur of the male (from lateral view ~ 4 × longer than wide; Fig. 4 B) (&lt;3 × longer than wide in M. clavipes; Fig. 4 A), less curved metafemur basally (strongly curved in M. clavipes; Fig. 4 A), and ventral pilosity on metafemur &lt;2 × longer than dorsolateral (Fig. 4 B) (while&gt; 2 × longer in M. clavipes; Fig. 4 A). Male genitalia are very similar to M. clavipes (Fig. 8 A), with the single difference in the shape of surstylus, especially of the posterior surstylar lobe: more arcuate ventrally in M. latens sp. nov. (Fig. 8 C: pl), and more or less straight in M. clavipes (Fig. 8 A: pl). Female of M. latens sp. nov. has less dense ventral pilosity on metafemur, with ventral pile as long as a dorsolateral pile (Fig. 14 B), while female of M. clavipes has denser and longer ventral pilosity on metafemur (Fig. 13 A). Molecular and morphometric data clearly separated these two species (Figs 15, 16, 17 and Suppl. material 3). Merodon latens sp. nov. is an Iberian endemic.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male. Head. Basoflagellomere dark brown (Fig. 2 B), elongated, ~ 2 × longer than wide, and ~ 2.3 × longer than pedicel, convex dorsally; fossette dorsolateral; arista brown and thickened at basal third; arista ~ 1.3 × longer than basoflagellomere (Fig. 2 B); face and frons black, with whitish grey pollinosity; face covered with dense whitish pilosity; pile on frons dense, grey-yellow; oral margin small, black, sparsely pollinose; lunula shining black to brown, bare; eye contiguity ~ 13–15 facets long; vertical triangle isosceles, black, shiny, except grey pollinose anterior corner, covered with both black and yellow pile; ocellar triangle equilateral; occiput with grey-yellow, dense pollinosity; eyes densely covered with whitish grey pile (Fig. 12 A).</p><p>Thorax. Scutum and scutellum black with bronze lustre, covered with short, greyish yellow pile in anterior half; pilosity between wing bases entirely or mostly black; scutum with indistinct pollinose vittae; transverse suture with two medial pollinose maculae; posterior margin of scutum and all scutellum with long whitish pilosity (Fig. 3 B); posterodorsal part of anterior anepisternum, posterior anepisternum (except anteroventral angle), anterior anepimeron, dorsomedial anepimeron, and posterodorsal and anteroventral parts of katepisternum with long, dense, whitish pile; wings mostly covered with microtrichia; wing veins brown to black; calypteres whitish yellow; halteres yellow to brown; legs black; metafemur moderately broad, from lateral view ~ 4 × longer than wide, covered with long, whitish, yellow, and black pile (Fig. 4 B).</p><p>Abdomen. Elongated (Fig. 5 B), as long as mesonotum; terga black; terga 3 and 4 with distinct silver-grey pollinose fasciate maculae interrupted medially; pile on terga 1 and 2 whitish, while on terga 3–5 grey-yellow to reddish; sterna black, covered with whitish yellow pile; posterior margin of sternum 4 with characteristic circular posteromedial incision (Fig. 7 C).</p><p>Male genitalia (Fig. 8 C). Anterior surstylar lobe large, elongated and sickle-like (Fig. 8 C: al); posterior surstylar lobe rectangular, arcuate ventrally (Fig. 8 C: pl).</p><p>Female (Fig. 6 A, B). Similar to the male except for typical sexual dimorphism and the following characteristics: frons with broad pollinose vittae along eyes, occupying ~ 1 / 3 of the width of the frons from frontal view (Fig. 12 B); scutum between wing bases without black pilosity, only wing basis with few black pile in some specimens (Fig. 6 B); metafemur narrower (~ 3.5 × longer than wide), with ventral pilosity shorter than in male (Fig. 14 B); lateral sides of tergum 2 with reddish yellow maculae (Fig. 6 A); terga 3–5 with short adpressed black pilosity medially.</p><p>Distribution and biology.</p><p>The species range is limited to the Iberian Peninsula (Spain) (Fig. 13). It preferentially occurs in open sparsely-vegetated semi-arid environments, typically unimproved stony pasturage and open grassy areas within thermophilous Quercus forest. Adult males and females both showed territorial behaviour, flying close to the soil and through the vegetation. Flowers visited by adults are mostly umbellifers and Euphorbia . Flight period: April / June. Developmental stages: undescribed.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The name latens derives from the Latin adjective meaning hidden, secret, not revealed. This term refers to the discovery of Iberian populations, previously cited as Merodon clavipes, as distinct species. Species epithet to be treated as an adjective.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/83AB027E25BE5118A1D43B9D07D2046F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Vujić, Ante;Radenković, Snežana;Likov, Laura;Tubić, Nataša Kočiš;Popov, Grigory;Gilasian, Ebrahim;Djan, Mihajla;Milosavljević, Marina Janković;Ačanski, Jelena	Vujić, Ante, Radenković, Snežana, Likov, Laura, Tubić, Nataša Kočiš, Popov, Grigory, Gilasian, Ebrahim, Djan, Mihajla, Milosavljević, Marina Janković, Ačanski, Jelena (2024): Revisions of the clavipes and pruni species groups of the genus Merodon Meigen, 1803 (Diptera, Syrphidae). ZooKeys 1203: 1-69, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1203.118842
3B3B308993D15DCD98DA2D2569ACDB25.text	3B3B308993D15DCD98DA2D2569ACDB25.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Merodon obscurus (Gil Tipo, Gil Collado 1929) Gil Collado 1929	<div><p>Merodon obscurus Gil Collado, 1929 stat. rev.</p><p>Merodon pruni var. obscurus Gil Collado, 1929: 407 .</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>Morocco (“ Tanger ”). Merodon obscurus was described as a variety of M. pruni . Holotype: male, Morocco, (MNCN) [specimen dry pinned]. Original label: [Tanger, Mz. Escalera / M. pruni var. obscurus Gil Tipo, Gil Collado det. / M. N. C. N. Madrid] (examined).</p><p>Notes.</p><p>This species was listed as synonym of Merodon pruni by Peck (1988: 173) and Hurkmans (1993: 185). Based on our morphometry and molecular data, this is a valid taxon distributed in North West Africa, far from the range of M. pruni in the Eastern Mediterranean (Fig. 37).</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Sternum 3 with long, equally distributed pilosity (Fig. 30 C). In male calcar at metatrochanter distinct (Fig. 25 E); metafemur medium broad, ~ 5 × longer than wide, with ventral margin slightly curved and covered with sparse pilosity ventrally (Fig. 25 E); sternum 4 in Fig. 28 C. Female with angular metatrochanter and sparse pile on metafemur ventrally (Fig. 31 B). Male genitalia in Fig. 36. Similar to Merodon pruni except for the posterior surstylar lobe that is broader (~ 2.2 × longer than wide) and more rounded apically (Fig. 36 A: pl) (in M. pruni the posterior surstylar lobe is ~ 2.5 × longer than wide and tapering to the tip; Fig. 29 A: pl). Merodon obscurus stat. rev. occurs in North Africa, while M. pruni is an Eastern Mediterranean species (Fig. 37). Molecular and morphometric data clearly separated these two species (Figs 15, 16, 17, Suppl. material 3).</p><p>Distribution and biology.</p><p>This species occurs in Algeria, Libya and Morocco (Fig. 37; Suppl. material 2). The preferred environment of Merodon obscurus stat. rev. includes sparsely-vegetated open ground and dry / semi-arid grassland with scattered tall herbs. Flowers visited: Ferula, Foeniculum . Flight period: April / September. Developmental stages: not described.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3B3B308993D15DCD98DA2D2569ACDB25	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Vujić, Ante;Radenković, Snežana;Likov, Laura;Tubić, Nataša Kočiš;Popov, Grigory;Gilasian, Ebrahim;Djan, Mihajla;Milosavljević, Marina Janković;Ačanski, Jelena	Vujić, Ante, Radenković, Snežana, Likov, Laura, Tubić, Nataša Kočiš, Popov, Grigory, Gilasian, Ebrahim, Djan, Mihajla, Milosavljević, Marina Janković, Ačanski, Jelena (2024): Revisions of the clavipes and pruni species groups of the genus Merodon Meigen, 1803 (Diptera, Syrphidae). ZooKeys 1203: 1-69, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1203.118842
E4B2B9DF9C765C3E94B55F60A43D3F0C.text	E4B2B9DF9C765C3E94B55F60A43D3F0C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Merodon pallidus Macquart 1842	<div><p>Merodon pallidus Macquart, 1842 stat. rev.</p><p>Merodon pallidus Macquart, 1842: 70 .</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>Iraq (Baghdad). The original description was based on a single female specimen (holotype identified by Vockeroth in 1969, unpublished). The holotype is located in the Paris Museum (MNHN): female, Iraq, Baghdad, [specimen dry pinned]. Original labels: [No. 1187. / Merodon / pallidus] [label handwritten], [Bagdad] [label handwritten], [HOLOTYPE / Vockeroth ‘ 69 ’, ‘ Merodon pallidus / Macquart 1842 / det. Vujić 2008] [red label] (examined).</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Peck (1988: 173) and Hurkmans (1993: 185) cited Merodon pallidus as a synonym of M. pruni . Hurkmans (1993: 185) designated a “ lectotype ” of M. pallidus based on incorrect interpretation of a male specimen from Baghdad deposited in an unknown collection. Merodon pallidus was described based on one female and there are no indications that the specimen mentioned in Hurkmans (1993) belongs to the type material. A lectotype may be designated from syntypes (ICZN 1999), but Hurkmans “ lectotype ” was erroneously designated as the type. The identity of the Hurkmans “ lectotype ” could not be validated because this specimen is not located in any museum. Based on our assessment of morphological data, M. pallidus is a valid taxon, which we redefine herein. Based on our analysis of material belonging to distinct individuals collected from Iran, Israel, Pakistan, Palestine and Turkey (10 females, 7 males), the females are conspecific with the holotype of M. pallidus, so we re-describe the male herein.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Sternum 3 with long and dense pile medially (Fig. 30 D: marked with arrow). In male the metatrochanter has a less distinct calcar (Fig. 25 D); metafemur broad (~ 3 × longer than wide), strongly curved, covered with long and dense pilosity ventrally (Fig. 25 D); sternum 4 in Fig. 28 D. Female with angular metatrochanter and long and sparse pile on metafemur ventrally (Fig. 31 C). Male genitalia in Fig. 38. Similar to Merodon aequalis sp. nov. from which differs by sternum 3 with an area of long pilosity medially (Fig. 30 D: marked with arrow) (in M. aequalis sp. nov. sternum 3 has equally distributed pilosity of the same length; Fig. 30 A); the shape of sternum 4 of male (Fig. 28 D), which is slightly different in M. aequalis sp. nov. (Fig. 28 A); and a distinct calcar on the metatrochanter of the male (Fig. 25 D) and female with an angular metatrochanter (Fig. 31 C) (in M. aequalis sp. nov. the calcar is almost absent in both sexes; Figs 25 A, 31 A).</p><p>Re-description.</p><p>Male. Head. Pedicel and scapus reddish yellow; basoflagellomere from reddish yellow to brown (Fig. 24 C), short, oval, ~ 1.3 × longer than wide, and ~ 2 × longer than pedicel, concave dorsally; fossette large, dorsolateral; arista reddish to brown and thickened at basal third; arista ~ 2.5 × longer than basoflagellomere; face and frons black, with dense whitish pollinosity; face covered with dense whitish pilosity; pile on frons yellow-whitish; oral margin shiny black, with sparse pollinosity; lunula reddish to brown, bare; eye contiguity ~ 12 facets long; vertical triangle isosceles, shiny, black, covered with grey-yellowish pilosity; ocellar triangle isosceles; occiput with grey-yellow to whitish pile, and grey pollinose; eyes covered with short, whitish grey pile.</p><p>Thorax. Scutum and scutellum black with brownish lustre, covered with short, greyish white pile; pilosity near wing bases mostly black; lateral sides of scutum covered with long, golden to the greyish white pile; scutum with five distinct pollinose vittae (Fig. 27 A); posterior margin of scutellum with long pilosity; posterodorsal part of anterior anepisternum, posterior anepisternum (except anteroventral angle), anterior anepimeron, dorsomedial anepimeron, and posterodorsal and anteroventral parts of katepisternum with dense greyish white pile; wings mostly covered with microtrichia; wing veins yellowish to light brown; calypteres and halteres whitish yellow; angular calcar on metatrochanter distinct; femora black except yellowish apex; metafemur broad, ~ 3 × longer than wide, covered with long whitish pilosity (Fig. 25 D); tibiae yellow to reddish, except brown medial ring; tarsi yellowish red, in some specimens brown dorsally.</p><p>Abdomen. Elongated, ~ 1.3 × longer than mesonotum; tergum 1 black, terga 2–4 usually reddish yellow, in some specimens medially partly black; terga with a pair of broad, distinct silver-grey pollinose fasciate maculae (Fig. 27 A); pile on terga whitish, medially short, adpressed; sterna brown, covered with long, whitish pile; sternum 3 with an area of long pilosity medially (Fig. 30 D: marked with arrow); posterior margin of sternum 4 with characteristic medial circular structure (Fig. 28 D).</p><p>Male genitalia (Fig. 38). Anterior surstylar lobe triangular (Fig. 38 A: al); posterior surstylar lobe large and broad (~ 2 × longer than wide) (Fig. 38 A: pl); cercus trapezoid (Fig. 38 A: c); hypandrium sickle-shaped, without lateral projections; lingula long (Fig. 38 C: l).</p><p>Female. Similar to the male except for normal sexual dimorphism and the following characteristics: frons covered with whitish pollinosity; scutum between wing bases with more black pilosity; metafemur narrower (~ 3.5 × longer than wide), with ventral pilosity shorter than in male (Fig. 31 C); terga 3 and 4 with short adpressed black pilosity medially on dark parts.</p><p>Distribution and biology.</p><p>The species range includes Iran, Israel, Pakistan, the State of Palestine and Turkey (Fig. 39; Suppl. material 2). In Iran, it has been recorded within arid and semi-arid forest ecosystems where Quercus brantii is the dominant vegetation type (Azizi Jalilian et al. 2020) belonging to the Elburz range forest steppe ecoregion (Olson et al. 2001). The western part of the range of Merodon pallidus (Turkey, State of Palestine and Israel) belongs to the Eastern Mediterranean conifer-sclerophyllous-broadleaf forests ecoregions The vegetation of this ecoregion includes maquis, coniferous forests of Pinus halepensis Mill. and P. brutia Ten., dry Quercus spp. woodlands and steppe formations (WWF 2022). In Pakistan, M. pallidus occurs in warm conifer / mixed forests (Siddiqui et al. 1999). Flight period: April / August. Developmental stages: not described.</p><p>Merodon pruni (Rossi, 1790)</p><p>Syrphus pruni Rossi, 1790: 293 .</p><p>Merodon fulvus Macquart, 1834: 514 .</p><p>Merodon sicanus Rondani, 1845: 258, 264.</p><p>Merodon fuscinervis Von Röder, 1887: 73 .</p><p>Syrphus pruni Rossi, 1790: 293</p><p>Type locality. Italy (Toscana). The original description was based on an unspecified number of syntypes (Rossi 1790: 293). Type material could not be traced ‘ in provinciis Florentina et Pisana’ [Firenze and Pizza, Italy] [not located, not examined]. Based on the description and figure from the original publication (Rossi 1790), the identity of types is clear and fits the actual concept of species presented in Hurkmans (1993: 185). This species was cited in recent European publications (e. g. Speight 2020; Vujić et al. 2021 a).</p><p>Merodon fulvus Macquart, 1834: 514</p><p>Type locality. France (“ France méridionale ”). Synonymy with Merodon pruni was cited in Sack (1931), Peck (1988: 172) and Hurkmans (1993: 185). Type material presumably lost.</p><p>Merodon sicanus Rondani, 1845: 258, 264</p><p>Type locality. Italy, “ Sicilia ”. The original description was based on two female syntypes. One syntype was designated as a lectotype by Hurkmans (1993: 185): Original label [58] [number referring to the description of Merodon sicanus in the museum’s catalogue of Rondani collection]. This designation was based on syntype (examined) deposited in the LSF.</p><p>Merodon fuscinervis Von Röder, 1887: 73</p><p>Type locality. Greece (“ Crete ”). Synonymy with Merodon pruni was cited in Sack (1913), Peck (1988) and Hurkmans (1993). Type material presumably lost.</p><p>Diagnosis. Sternum 3 with more or less equally distributed pilosity (Fig. 30 E). In male calcar at metatrochanter distinct (Fig. 25 C); metafemur medium broad (~ 4.5 × longer than wide), ventral margin slightly curved, and covered with sparse pilosity ventrally (Fig. 25 C); sternum 4 in Fig. 28 E. Female with angular metatrochanter and sparse pile on metafemur ventrally (Fig. 31 D). Male genitalia in Fig. 29. Similar to Merodon obscurus stat. rev. from which differs by posterior surstylar lobe tapering to the tip (Fig. 29 A: pl) (rounded apically in M. obscurus stat. rev.; Fig. 36 A: pl) and its distribution in the Eastern Mediterranean ( M. obscurus stat. rev. is restricted to North Africa).</p><p>Distribution and biology. It occurs throughout much of southern Europe (Italy, Croatia, Greece, Cyprus, Romania), eastwards to Ukraine, Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iran, Iraq, Israel, State of Palestine, Lebanon, Pakistan, Turkmenistan, and Tajikistan. Hurkmans (1993) lists North Africa as part of the species range, but those specimens most likely belong to Merodon obscurus . Speight (2020) also mentions Austria and southern France (with the remark that it is most probably extinct), but species presence in those countries could not be confirmed (Fig. 37; Suppl. material 2). The preferred environment of species M. pruni is sparsely-vegetated open ground, dry / semi-arid grassland with scattered tall herbs, open areas in low-altitude Abies cephalonica forest on limestone, and Castanea forest (Speight 2020). At the northern edge of its range, i. e., in Ukraine, the species occurs in steppe habitats. Hurkmans (1985) provides some information on male territorial behaviour; also stating that females fly fast and very close to the ground and are much less noticeable than the males. Both sexes fly silently (Speight 2020). Flowers visited: Ferula, Foeniculum . Flight period: May / October, with peaks in May and September. Developmental stages: not described (Speight 2020).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E4B2B9DF9C765C3E94B55F60A43D3F0C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Vujić, Ante;Radenković, Snežana;Likov, Laura;Tubić, Nataša Kočiš;Popov, Grigory;Gilasian, Ebrahim;Djan, Mihajla;Milosavljević, Marina Janković;Ačanski, Jelena	Vujić, Ante, Radenković, Snežana, Likov, Laura, Tubić, Nataša Kočiš, Popov, Grigory, Gilasian, Ebrahim, Djan, Mihajla, Milosavljević, Marina Janković, Ačanski, Jelena (2024): Revisions of the clavipes and pruni species groups of the genus Merodon Meigen, 1803 (Diptera, Syrphidae). ZooKeys 1203: 1-69, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1203.118842
7E37F932033457618539C190D05A0479.text	7E37F932033457618539C190D05A0479.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Merodon quadrinotatus (Sack 1931)	<div><p>Merodon quadrinotatus (Sack, 1931)</p><p>Lampetia quadrinotata Sack, 1931: 324.</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>“ Mesopotamia ” (Iraq according to Peck 1988). The original description was based on one female (holotype) (Sack 1931). The holotype is considered lost (Hurkmans 1993).</p><p>Neotype (designated here): female, Iran, (HMIM), [specimen dry pinned]. Original labels: [IRAN-Fars-Meimand / Firouzabad-Tange riz / N 28 56 00 2670 m / E 052 50 07.6 / Leg. Gilasian / 15. iv. 2006], [ Merodon quadrinotatus / (Sack, 1931) / det. A. Vujić 2019], [Loan Vujic 2007 / Gilasian 32] [NEOTYPE of Merodon quadrinotatus Sack / designated by Vujić A.]. A neotype for Lampetia quadrinotata is here designated to fix and ensure the universal and consistent interpretation of the name. This designation was based on the good condition of the specimen; a well-preserved female with clearly visible characters which are conspecific with the holotype. This species possesses a unique character, a pair of tear like white pilose maculae on terga 2 and 3, especially distinct in females (Fig. 6 D).</p><p>Notes.</p><p>This species was described based on a single female. Here we present the first description for the male.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Male similar to Merodon clavipes (Figs 4 A, 5 A) from which differs by the metafemur slightly broad (in M. quadrinotatus is 3.75 ×, while in M. clavipes is 2 × longer than wide) and less curved basally (Fig. 4 D) and by tergum 3 with a pair of tear-like, pollinose fasciate maculae separated from lateral margins (Fig. 5 D) (in M. clavipes tergum 3 with a pair of rectangular pollinose fasciate maculae, ending close to lateral margins). Female with black terga and very characteristic pairs of pollinose, rounded maculae covered with dense whitish pile on terga 3 and 4 (Fig. 6 D); a unique abdominal pattern in Merodon . Male genitalia as in Fig. 18.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male. Head. Basoflagellomere dark-brown (Fig. 2 C), elongated, ~ 2 × longer than wide, and ~ 1.9 × longer than pedicel, convex dorsally; fossette dorsolateral; arista reddish to brown and thickened at basal third; arista ~ 1.5 × longer than basoflagellomere; face and frons black, with greyish pollinosity; face covered with dense whitish to yellowish pilosity; pile on frons dense, yellowish; oral margin small, black, not pollinose; lunula shining black to brown, bare; eye contiguity ~ 15 facets long; vertical triangle isosceles, brown-black, shiny, except grey pollinose anterior corner, covered with greyish white and black pilosity; ocellar triangle equilateral; occiput with grey-yellow pile, densely covered with grey pollinosity along eyes; eyes covered with short, whitish grey pile.</p><p>Thorax. Scutum black with bronze lustre, covered with greyish yellow pile; pilosity between wing bases mostly black; scutum with indistinct pollinose vittae; scutellum covered with whitish pile; posterior margin of scutellum with very long grey-yellow to whitish pilosity, reduced medially (as on Fig. 3 C); posterodorsal part of anterior anepisternum, posterior anepisternum (except anteroventral angle), anterior anepimeron, dorsomedial anepimeron, and posterodorsal and anteroventral parts of katepisternum with long, dense whitish to greyish white pile; wings mostly covered with microtrichia; wing veins yellowish to brown; calypteres whitish; halteres brownish; legs black; metafemur moderate broad, ~ 3.75 × longer than wide, covered with long, whitish pilosity (Fig. 4 D).</p><p>Abdomen. Elongated (Fig. 5 D), ~ 1.3 × longer than mesonotum; terga black; terga 3 and 4 with a pair of broad, tear-like, distinct silver-grey pollinose fasciate maculae; pile on tergum 2 and lateral sides of terga 3 and 4 grey-yellow to whitish; terga 3 and 4 medially with short, golden-yellow pile (Fig. 5 D); sterna black, covered with whitish grey pile; posterior margin of sternum 4 with characteristic posteromedial incision (Fig. 7 D).</p><p>Male genitalia (Fig. 18). Anterior surstylar lobe short (~ 1.4 × longer than wide) and rectangular (Fig. 18 A: al); posterior surstylar lobe rectangular, with a dorsal prominence (Fig. 18 A: dp); cercus rectangular (Fig. 18 A: c); hypandrium sickle-shaped, without lateral projections; lingula short, with tapering narrow tip (Fig. 18 C: l).</p><p>Female. Similar to the male except for normal sexual dimorphism and the following characteristics: face and frons covered with white pilosity; frons with broad pollinose vittae along eyes and a narrow shiny central stripe; scutum with short erect white pilosity, except for broad fascia of black pile between wing bases; long whitish pilosity on metafemur absent; metafemur covered with short black pilosity and few longer black pile ventrally; terga covered with short black pilosity, except for long white pile on lateral sides of terga 2–4, posterior margin of tergum 4, and pairs of pollinose, rounded maculae covered with dense whitish pile on terga 3 and 4 (Fig. 6 D).</p><p>Distribution and biology.</p><p>The range of this species includes Turkey, Iran and Iraq (Fig. 19; Suppl. material 2). Merodon quadrinotatus has been recorded predominantly in Iranian ecoregions, specifically, forest steppe of the Zagros Mountains, Eastern Anatolian montane steppe, and woodlands and forest steppe of Kopet Dag (Kopeh Dagh) (Olson et al. 2001) but also in nearby localities within Iraq and Turkey. The Iranian localities are typified by arid and semi-arid forest ecosystems with Quercus brantii Lindl. as the dominant vegetation type, as well as cold and arid semi-steppe scrubland and grasslands ( Astragalus spp.) (Azizi Jalilian et al. 2020). The preferred environment is sparsely-vegetated open ground in semi-arid regions, with unimproved stony pasturage and open grassy areas within thermophilous forest being typical. Flight period: April / June. Developmental stages: undescribed.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7E37F932033457618539C190D05A0479	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Vujić, Ante;Radenković, Snežana;Likov, Laura;Tubić, Nataša Kočiš;Popov, Grigory;Gilasian, Ebrahim;Djan, Mihajla;Milosavljević, Marina Janković;Ačanski, Jelena	Vujić, Ante, Radenković, Snežana, Likov, Laura, Tubić, Nataša Kočiš, Popov, Grigory, Gilasian, Ebrahim, Djan, Mihajla, Milosavljević, Marina Janković, Ačanski, Jelena (2024): Revisions of the clavipes and pruni species groups of the genus Merodon Meigen, 1803 (Diptera, Syrphidae). ZooKeys 1203: 1-69, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1203.118842
46E4029A75095397B1CF71858ACFECF4.text	46E4029A75095397B1CF71858ACFECF4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Merodon rufofemoris Vujic, Radenkovic & Likov 2024	<div><p>Merodon rufofemoris Vujić, Radenković &amp; Likov sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 2 D, 3 C, 4 E, 5 C, 7 E, 11, 12 D, 13, 20 A, B</p><p>Type material examined.</p><p>Holotype: IRAN • 1 ♂; Fars prov., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=51.942&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.552" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 51.942/lat 29.552)">Dasht-e Ajran</a>; 29.552, 51.942; 5 May 2015; leg. M. Kafka; in BM collection.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>(only male known). Similar to Merodon vandergooti from which differs by all femora completely reddish yellow (Figs 4 E, 20 B), while in males of M. vandergooti pro- and mesofemora are partly orange-yellowish and metafemur is almost completely black (Figs 4 C, 20 D), a less curved metafemur (Fig. 4 E), and an elongated anterior surstylar lobe in M. rufofemoris sp. nov. (Fig. 11 A: al) (shorter in M. vandergooti; Fig. 10 A: al). It differs from M. aenigmaticus sp. nov. by the reddish yellow femora (Fig. 4 E) (partly black in M. aenigmaticus sp. nov.; Fig. 4 G), and the posterior surstylar lobe angulate ventrally (Fig. 11 A: pl) (rounded in M. aenigmaticus sp. nov.; Fig. 9 A: pl).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male. Head. Basoflagellomere orange-yellow (Fig. 2 D), elongated, ~ 2 × longer than wide, and ~ 1.9 × longer than pedicel, convex dorsally; fossette dorsolateral; arista reddish to brown and thickened at basal third; arista ~ 1.5 × longer than basoflagellomere; face and frons black, with whitish pollinosity; face covered with dense whitish pilosity; pile on frons dense, whitish; oral margin small, black, sparsely pollinose; lunula shining black to brown, bare; eye contiguity ~ 10 facets long; vertical triangle isosceles, black, shiny, except grey pollinose anterior corner, covered with greyish white pilosity; ocellar triangle equilateral; occiput with grey-yellow to reddish pile, densely covered with grey pollinosity along eyes; eyes covered with short, whitish grey pile (Fig. 12 D).</p><p>Thorax. Scutum and scutellum black with bronze lustre, covered with short, greyish yellow pile; pilosity between wing basis mostly black; scutum with indistinct pollinose vittae; transverse suture with two medial pollinose maculae (Figs 3 C, 20 A); posterior margin of scutellum with very long grey-yellow to whitish pilosity, reduced medially (Fig. 3 C); posterodorsal part of anterior anepisternum, posterior anepisternum (except anteroventral angle), anterior anepimeron, dorsomedial anepimeron, and posterodorsal and anteroventral parts of katepisternum with long, dense greyish white pile; wings mostly covered with microtrichia; wing veins yellowish to brown; calypteres whitish yellow; halteres yellow to white; legs reddish yellow; metafemur broad, ~ 3.5 × longer than wide, covered with long, whitish yellow pilosity (Fig. 4 E).</p><p>Abdomen. Elongated (Fig. 5 C), ~ 1.3 × longer than mesonotum; terga black, except lateral sides of tergum 2 with reddish yellow maculae; terga 3 and 4 with a pair of broad, distinct silver-grey pollinose fasciate maculae; pile on terga grey-yellow to whitish; sterna black, covered with whitish grey pile; posterior margin of sternum 4 with characteristic posteromedial incision (Fig. 7 E).</p><p>Male genitalia (Fig. 11). Anterior surstylar lobe large, elongated (~ 3.5 × longer than wide) and sickle-like (Fig. 11 A: al); posterior surstylar lobe rectangular (Fig. 11 A: pl, marked with red arrow); cercus rectangular (Fig. 11 A: c); hypandrium sickle-shaped, without lateral projections; lingula short, with tapering but rounded tip (Fig. 11 C: l).</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution and biology.</p><p>This species is only found in the Fars Province of Iran (Fig. 13). This Iranian locality lies within the Zagros Mountains forest steppe ecoregion (Olson et al. 2001), representing an arid and semi-arid forest ecosystem with Quercus brantii as the dominant vegetation type (Azizi Jalilian et al. 2020). Flight period: May. Developmental stages: undescribed.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The name is derived from the Latin adjective rufus (red, reddish) and inflection of the noun femur in genitive singular (femoris) and refers to the reddish yellow colour of femora. Species epithet to be treated as an adjective.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/46E4029A75095397B1CF71858ACFECF4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Vujić, Ante;Radenković, Snežana;Likov, Laura;Tubić, Nataša Kočiš;Popov, Grigory;Gilasian, Ebrahim;Djan, Mihajla;Milosavljević, Marina Janković;Ačanski, Jelena	Vujić, Ante, Radenković, Snežana, Likov, Laura, Tubić, Nataša Kočiš, Popov, Grigory, Gilasian, Ebrahim, Djan, Mihajla, Milosavljević, Marina Janković, Ačanski, Jelena (2024): Revisions of the clavipes and pruni species groups of the genus Merodon Meigen, 1803 (Diptera, Syrphidae). ZooKeys 1203: 1-69, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1203.118842
538FDA8E51ED53218E284D936B8F7DC6.text	538FDA8E51ED53218E284D936B8F7DC6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Merodon splendens Hurkmans 1993	<div><p>Merodon splendens Hurkmans, 1993: 182 syn. nov.</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>Italy, Sardinia. The original description was based on a male holotype (Hurkmans 1993) from Lausanne Museum (LAU). Holotype (designated by Hurkmans): male, Italy, Sardinia (LAU), [specimen dry pinned]. Original labels: [Sardaigne St. Ussassai 16. v. 1977 P. Goeldlin], [Holotype of Merodon splendens Hurkmans]. The holotype is conspecific with Merodon clavipes (examined).</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Male: legs black (Fig. 4 A); antennae black (Fig. 2 A); metafemur extremely broad (~ 2–2.5 × longer than wide) and curved basally (Fig. 4 A); tergum 3 with a pair of rectangular pollinose fasciate maculae, ending close to lateral margins (Fig. 1 C). Female with a pair of reddish lateral maculae on tergum 2 (Fig. 6 C). Male genitalia in Fig. 8. Similar to M. latens sp. nov. from which differs by a broader metafemur, ~ 2–2.5 × longer than wide (Fig. 4 A) (~ 3–3.5 × in M. latens sp. nov.; Fig. 4 B), and the posterior surstylar lobe more straight ventrally (Fig. 8 A: pl) (more arcuate ventrally in M. latens sp. nov.; Fig. 8 C: pl).</p><p>Distribution and biology.</p><p>From northern France to the Mediterranean (including Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily and Crete); from Italy through central and southern Europe to Greece, countries of the former Yugoslavia, as well as Albania, Romania, Ukraine (Odesa region, Zakarpattia region), and southern areas of the European parts of Russia and Turkey. Speight (2020) also mentioned North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula as within the species range. Specimens from North Africa were unavailable to us for examination, so we could not confirm if they indeed belong to Merodon clavipes . In terms of the Iberian specimens, we assert that they belong to M. latens sp. nov. (Fig. 13; Suppl. material 2). The preferred environment of Merodon clavipes in the Mediterranean is sparsely-vegetated open ground in semi-arid environments, typified by unimproved stony pasturage and open grassy areas within thermophilous Quercus forest (Speight 2020). In the more temperate zone of Europe, the preferred environments are steppe grasslands and open areas near thermophilous forests. In Ukraine, at the northern edge of its range, this species occurs in rocky steppe on the margin of Quercus forest (locus typicus of Paramonov’s varieties). Hurkmans (1985) described the territorial behaviour of males and, in Hurkmans (1993), he also noted that females fly close to the soil and through the vegetation. Flowers visited: Umbellifers; Euphorbia, Leontodon and Solidago (Speight 2020) . Flight period: March / August depending on climatic zone (in central Europe adults appear during shorter period in early summer, while in southern Europe there can be two generations, spring and summer ones). Developmental stages: undescribed (Speight 2020).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/538FDA8E51ED53218E284D936B8F7DC6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Vujić, Ante;Radenković, Snežana;Likov, Laura;Tubić, Nataša Kočiš;Popov, Grigory;Gilasian, Ebrahim;Djan, Mihajla;Milosavljević, Marina Janković;Ačanski, Jelena	Vujić, Ante, Radenković, Snežana, Likov, Laura, Tubić, Nataša Kočiš, Popov, Grigory, Gilasian, Ebrahim, Djan, Mihajla, Milosavljević, Marina Janković, Ačanski, Jelena (2024): Revisions of the clavipes and pruni species groups of the genus Merodon Meigen, 1803 (Diptera, Syrphidae). ZooKeys 1203: 1-69, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1203.118842
AD4DD64622DD55B19578E6A6671AEE1A.text	AD4DD64622DD55B19578E6A6671AEE1A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Merodon vandergooti Hurkmans 1993	<div><p>Merodon vandergooti Hurkmans, 1993</p><p>Merodon aureotibia Hurkmans, 1993: 203.</p><p>Merodon vandergooti Hurkmans, 1993: 188.</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>Turkey, “ Hakkari ”. The original description was based on a male holotype and ~ 40 male paratypes (all in RMNH) (Hurkmans 1993). Holotype (designated by Hurkmans): male, Turkey, Hakkari (RMNH), [specimen dry pinned]. Original labels: [Turkey, Hakkari, Süvarihalil geçidi, 1250 m W side near Halub Deresi, 13. vi. 1984 leg. J. A. W. Lucas], [Holotype of Merodon vandergooti Hurkmans] (examined).</p><p>Merodon aureotibia Hurkmans, 1993: 203</p><p>Type locality. Turkey, “ Adıyaman ”. The original description was based on a female holotype and three female paratypes (all in RMNH) (Hurkmans 1993). Holotype (designated by Hurkmans): female, Turkey, Adıyaman (RMNH), [specimen dry pinned]. Original labels: [Turkey, Adıyaman, Nemrut Dağı, 1. vi. 1983, leg. M. Kuhbandner], [Holotype of Merodon aureotibia Hurkmans] (examined).</p><p>Notes. Merodon vandergooti and M. aureotibia were described in the same publication (Hurkmans 1993): M. vandergooti from a large number of males and M. aureotibia based only on females. Hurkmans (1993) considered M. vandergooti is the only member of the vandergooti group and M. aureotibia as part of the alagoezicus group. The type material of the two taxa belongs to the same species, and Vujić et al. (2011) retained M. vandergooti (Hurkmans 1993: 188) as the valid name for this species and designated M. aureotibia (Hurkmans 1993: 203) as a synonym.</p><p>Diagnosis. Tibiae and tarsi plus all femora in female (Fig. 14 C) while pro- and mesofemora in males partly, orangish yellow (Fig. 20 C, D); male metafemur very broad (~ 2.5 × longer than wide) and strongly curved, covered with long and dense yellow pile ventrally (Fig. 4 C). Male genitalia in Fig. 10.</p><p>Distribution and biology. The species range includes Israel, Syria and Turkey (Fig. 13; Suppl. material 2). The preferred environment of Merodon vandergooti is Eastern Mediterranean conifer-sclerophyllous-broadleaf forests. In Israel, this species has been registered from the Hermon and Meiron mountains where the montane forest is dominated by Quercus infectoria subsp. veneris (A. Kern.) Meikle, Q. libani G. Olivier, Juniperus drupacea Labill., and Acer monspessulanum subsp. microphyllum (Boiss.) Bornm., as well as in Mediterranean maquis and semi-steppe bathas (Danin 1988). In Turkey, the species range covers warm temperate grassland and shrubland / woodland (Evrendilek and Gulbeyaz 2008). Flight period: April / July. Developmental stages: undescribed.</p><p>Merodon velox Loew, 1869</p><p>Merodon velox Loew, 1869: 253 .</p><p>Merodon velox var. anathema Paramonov, 1926: 149 .</p><p>Merodon velox var. armeniaca Paramonov, 1926: 147 .</p><p>Merodon velox anathemus Peck, 1988: 175 (sic! non Paramonov), syn. nov.</p><p>Merodon velox armeniacus Peck, 1988: 175 (sic! non Paramonov), syn. nov.</p><p>Merodon velox Loew, 1869: 253</p><p>Type locality. Turkey, “ Smyrna = Izmir ” and Greece (Rhodus = Rhodos). The original description (Loew 1869) was based on seven males and an unspecified number of female syntypes from the Vienna collection (RMNH). Lectotype (designated by Hurkmans 1993: 183): male, Greece, Rhodes (NHWM), [specimen dry pinned]. Original label: [Rhodus / Alte Sammlung] (examined).</p><p>Merodon velox var. anathema Paramonov 1926 b: 149</p><p>Merodon velox anathemus Peck, 1988: 175 (sic! non Paramonov), syn. nov.</p><p>Holotype (examined). Female with labels: white, handwritten, bold ink [N 340]; printed [mons Takältu / prope Kulp. / 28 ... V ....... 13.], = Tekaltı Dağı mountain, near Kulp (Turkey), 38.516667; 41.016667; pink, handwritten, pale ink, with double typographical frame [ Merodon / anathema / n. sp. ♀ Typus / Paramonov d.].</p><p>Notes. The taxon was described as a “ var. ” from a single female, which is the holotype according to article 73.1. 2 ICZN (1999). Paramonov indicated that the type is kept in his personal collection (Paramonov 1926 b: 149). Type locality: Turkey. Later, S. Ya. Paramonov gave the species as “ M. anathema sp. n. ” (Paramonov 1927: 15). Until recently, the type was believed to be lost (Liepa 1969: 4, 20; Hurkmans 1993: 183 “ holotype ... not examined, probably lost ”, 205 “ lost ”, 206), but it has since been found at the SIZK (Popov 2011). The name was correctly (see also Lingafelter and Nearns 2013) given a subspecific rank for the first time in Peck’s Catalogue (1988: 175), « Merodon velox anathemus Paramonov », according to 45 (g) (ii) ICZN (1985), now 45.6. 4 (ICZN 1999), but the original feminine name anathema was incorrectly changed contrary to article 31 (b) (ii) (ICZN 1985), now 31.2. 1, 34.2. 1 (ICZN 1999). Hurkmans (1993: 184) left the rank variety for the name. The study of the Merodon velox material revealed that character of this subspecies are not outside the limits of species variability in other parts of the species’ range, so we consider anathema syn. nov. for M. velox Loew, 1869 .</p><p>Merodon velox var. armeniaca Paramonov 1926 b: 147</p><p>Merodon velox armeniacus Peck, 1988: 175 (sic! non Paramonov), syn. nov.</p><p>Lectotype (examined). Male with labels: white, handwritten, bold ink [N 341]; pale ink [Армения / Эривань / 24. v. 24.], = Yerevan (Armenia), 40.166667; 44.516667; pink, handwritten, pale ink, with double typographical frame [ Merodon / velox Lw. ♂ / var. armeniaca / var. nov. / Paramonov det.] (SIZK).</p><p>Paralectotype (examined): female with labels: white, handwritten, bold ink [N 342]; pale ink [Армения / Ордубад / 7. VI. 24.], = Ordubad (Azerbaijan), 38.908056 N 46.027778 E; pink, handwritten, pale ink, with double typographical frame [ Merodon / velox Lw ♀ / var. armeniaca / var. nov. / Paramonov det.].</p><p>Notes. Paramonov indicated that the male types (12 specimens) are kept in two localities, “ Typus in meiner Sammlung und im Museum von Armenien ” (Paramonov 1926 b: 148), with the only female type being kept in his personal collection (ibid.: 149). The exact location of the types was not known, and it was thought that they had possibly been lost (Liepa 1969: 4, 20; Hurkmans 1993: 183 “ syntypes ... not examined, probably lost ”, 205 “ lost ”, 206). Two syntypes of 13 have been preserved in SIZK (Popov 2011). It was assumed that some of the syntypes had been preserved at the current IZY (Liepa 1969: 4, 20 “ Museum of Natural History of the Armenian SSR, Yerevan ”; Hurkmans 1993: 184 “ possibly some of the material might be present in the collection of the Museum of Armenia, Erivan ”). According to personal communication with Mark G. Kalashyan (Yerevan), a single specimen of Merodon velox is deposited in the IZY collection and was examined by S. Ya. Paramonov, hosting two labels, [Armenia, prope Beuk-Vedi, 1. vi. 1926, A. Schelk.] = Vedi, Armenia, 39.910556; 44.727778, and [ Merodon velox Lw., ♂, Paramonov d.]. This specimen is not the type. The name was correctly given a subspecific rank for the first time in Peck’s Catalogue (1988: 175) (see also Lingafelter and Nearns 2013), « Merodon velox armeniacus Paramonov », according to article 45 (g) (ii) ICZN (1985), now corresponding to 45.6. 4 (ICZN, 1999). Hurkmans (1993: 184) left the rank of variety for the name. According to article 74 ICZN (1999), we designate the male as the lectotype and the female as the paralectotype. Type locality: Armenia (76.2 ICZN 1999). Paramonov later mentioned this name (Paramonov 1927: 15), but erroneously indicated the wrong year of collection for the types (1925). In fact, 1924 is specified in the original description and indicated on the type labels. The study of the M. velox material revealed that characters of this subspecies are not outside the limits of the species variability in other parts of the species range, so we consider armeniacus syn. nov. for M. velox Loew, 1869 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Male: wings brown-black except extreme apical part (Figs 20 E, F, 21 A); female: wing in basal half with yellow, while in apical half with brown veins; wing covered along veins with dark brown microtrichia (Fig. 21 B). Male genitalia as in Fig. 22. Similar to Merodon clavipes and M. latens sp. nov. from which male differs by brown-black wing (hyaline wing in M. clavipes and M. latens sp. nov.) and a narrower metafemur (Fig. 4 F), &lt;2 × broader than the metatibia (metafemur is&gt; 2 × broader than the metatibia in M. clavipes (Fig. 4 A) and M. latens sp. nov. (Fig. 4 B)); female differs by wing covered along veins with dark brown microtrichia (Fig. 21 B), clear in M. clavipes and M. latens sp. nov.</p><p>Distribution and biology. The species range includes Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Greece, Italy, and Turkey. Hurkmans (1993) also lists Yugoslavia, but those records could not be confirmed (Fig. 20; Suppl. material 2). The preferred environment of Merodon velox is forest or open ground, typically thinly-vegetated and stony semi-arid areas, unimproved grasslands, and open areas in Abies forest, as well as Castanea forest (Speight 2020). This species apparently resembles a small Xylocopa in the field and continues to fly at temperatures above 35 ° C. Males are strongly territorial, and both sexes fly low and fast through ground vegetation (Hurkmans and Hayat 1997). The species has been found drinking at the edge of a small stream in the evening on a hot day (Reemer and Smit 2007). Flowers visited: umbellifers; Euphorbia (Zimina 1960; Hurkmans and Hayat 1997). Flight period: March / September. Developmental stages: not described (Speight 2020).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AD4DD64622DD55B19578E6A6671AEE1A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Vujić, Ante;Radenković, Snežana;Likov, Laura;Tubić, Nataša Kočiš;Popov, Grigory;Gilasian, Ebrahim;Djan, Mihajla;Milosavljević, Marina Janković;Ačanski, Jelena	Vujić, Ante, Radenković, Snežana, Likov, Laura, Tubić, Nataša Kočiš, Popov, Grigory, Gilasian, Ebrahim, Djan, Mihajla, Milosavljević, Marina Janković, Ačanski, Jelena (2024): Revisions of the clavipes and pruni species groups of the genus Merodon Meigen, 1803 (Diptera, Syrphidae). ZooKeys 1203: 1-69, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1203.118842
