taxonID	type	description	language	source
4F0AD86EDD10BAD48186BD9D7D5829EB.taxon	etymology	etymology Named after the collector, the late American myrmecologist William F. Buren.	en	Wilson, E. O. (2003): Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, URL: http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017
4F0AD86EDD10BAD48186BD9D7D5829EB.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis A member of the crassicornis group distinguished by the following combination of traits.	en	Wilson, E. O. (2003): Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, URL: http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017
4F0AD86EDD10BAD48186BD9D7D5829EB.taxon	description	Major: scape flattened at base; head in side view narrowed, its posterior dorsal surface flat; in full-face view, occipital border deeply concave and occipital lobes subangulate; propodeal spines long and vertical to propodeal dorsal face; pronotum transversely carinulate; mesosoma and waist completely foveolate and opaque; pilosity very sparse. Minor: all of body foveolate and opaque except gaster, which is smooth and shiny; carinulae mesad to eyes extend to occiput. measurements (mm) Holotype major: HW 1.50, HL 1.58, SL 0.80, EL 0.24, PW 0.76. Paratype minor: HW 0.72, HL 0.80, SL 0.80, EL 0.20, PW 0.48. Color Major: bicolorous, with all of body reddish yellow except gaster, which is medium to dark reddish brown. Range Known only from the type locality. Biology Unknown.	en	Wilson, E. O. (2003): Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, URL: http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017
4F0AD86EDD10BAD48186BD9D7D5829EB.taxon	materials_examined	Figure Upper: holotype, major. Lower: paratype minor. TEXAS: Alice, Jim Wells Co., southern Texas (William F. Buren). Scale bars = 1 mm.	en	Wilson, E. O. (2003): Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, URL: http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017
ECCED3DCCE2C63238F2D7C38B1FF120B.taxon	etymology	Etymology L coracina, raven-like, alluding to color of the minor worker.	en	Wilson, E. O. (2003): Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, URL: http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017
ECCED3DCCE2C63238F2D7C38B1FF120B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis A member of the crassicornis group characterized in the major by dense rugoreticula that stretch from each eye to the adjacent antennal fossa; bilobed dorsal-oblique profile of the pronotum; oval postpetiole from above; most of the prothorax and all of the mesothorax, propodeum, and waist foveolate and opaque; and a contrasting circular brown spot on the vertex.	en	Wilson, E. O. (2003): Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, URL: http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017
ECCED3DCCE2C63238F2D7C38B1FF120B.taxon	description	Minor: blackish brown; pronotal profile bilobed in dorsal-oblique view; and all of body foveolate and opaque except venter of head, median half of the dorsal surface of the head, part of the promesonotum, and the gaster. Measurements (mm) Holotype major: HW 1.20, HL 1.24, SL 0.68, EL 0.18, PW 0.60. Paratype minor: HW 0.60, HL 0.66, SL 0.70, EL 0.14, PW 0.40. Color Major: body light reddish brown except for gaster, which is plain medium brown, and a dark brown circular spot on the vertex. Minor: concolorous blackish brown. Range Known only from the type series. Biology Unknown.	en	Wilson, E. O. (2003): Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, URL: http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017
ECCED3DCCE2C63238F2D7C38B1FF120B.taxon	materials_examined	Figure Upper: holotype, major. Lower: paratype, minor. MEXICO: 19 km north of Estado Guanajuato, San Luis Potosi (William P. MacKay). Scale bars = 1 mm.	en	Wilson, E. O. (2003): Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, URL: http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017
69699FCADAA0EDAF7C650CE7781AA158.taxon	description	Major: thickened basal portion of scape strongly curved toward the insertion, as illustrated; pilosity very sparse, usually almost absent from the head and gaster; humerus subangulate in dorsal-oblique view; pronotal dorsum marginally carinulate. Minor: all of dorsal surface of head except middle of clypeus and frontal triangle, as well as all of mesosoma and waist, foveolate and opaque. See also diversipilosa, porcula, subporcula, tetra, and vallicola. Measurements (mm) Major (Belmont, North Carolina): HW 1.30, HL 1.30, SL 0.78, EL 0.20, PW 0.64. Minor (Belmont, North Carolina): HW 0.62, HL 0.74, SL 0.84, EL 0.10, PW 0.44. color Major: concolorous brownish yellow. Minor: concolorous yellowish brown.	en	Wilson, E. O. (2003): Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, URL: http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017
69699FCADAA0EDAF7C650CE7781AA158.taxon	distribution	Range North Carolina to northern Florida and west to western Texas.	en	Wilson, E. O. (2003): Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, URL: http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017
69699FCADAA0EDAF7C650CE7781AA158.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology In northern Florida, Naves (1985) found the species sympatric with diversipilosa, nesting in deep soil in forest clearings. The inconspicuous nest openings were never surrounded by craters of excavated soil of the kind common in other soil-dwelling species of Pheidole, and the vertical galleries ran at least 60 cm deep. Minors and occasionally majors foraged 4 meters or more from the nest entrances, and minors were observed retrieving live termites and small dead arthropods. In western Texas, Moody and Francke (1982) found colonies at 100 - 1700 m, nesting under stones and in open soil.	en	Wilson, E. O. (2003): Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, URL: http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017
69699FCADAA0EDAF7C650CE7781AA158.taxon	materials_examined	Figure Upper: major. Lower: minor. NORTH CAROLINA: Belmont, Gaston Co., near Charlotte. (Labeled to species by Carlos Emery and likely part of his type series; the type locality is Charlotte.) Scale bars = 1 mm.	en	Wilson, E. O. (2003): Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, URL: http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017
4545D173B9D2BD01A3439699EC393B8C.taxon	etymology	Etymology L diversipilosa, different (variable) hair, alluding to the major.	en	Wilson, E. O. (2003): Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, URL: http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017
4545D173B9D2BD01A3439699EC393B8C.taxon	diagnosis	diagnosis Very close to crassicornis from which it differs in the major by abundant pilosity on the mesosoma and gaster, and tetra, from which it differs in the major by the much shorter pilosity on the first gastral tergite and by sparseness or absence of pilosity on the waist and occiput. Also resembles pilosior and porcula in various traits as depicted.	en	Wilson, E. O. (2003): Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, URL: http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017
4545D173B9D2BD01A3439699EC393B8C.taxon	description	Measurements (mm) Lectotype major: HW 1.26, HL 1.34, SL 0.66, EL 0.20, PW 0.66. Paralectotype minor: HW 0.66, HL 0.74, SL 0.76, EL 0.16, PW 0.46. color Major and minor: body medium reddish brown, appendages light reddish brown. Range Southwestern Texas to the mountains of southern and central Arizona. Biology According to Stefan Cover (personal communication), diversipilosa is common at mid-elevations (1050 - 1900 m), favoring oak-pine-juniper forests, especially those in creek valleys, where it nests under rocks and in open soil. Colonies have single queens and large populations, which can exceed 1000 workers. Seed caches have been found in some nests.	en	Wilson, E. O. (2003): Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, URL: http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017
4545D173B9D2BD01A3439699EC393B8C.taxon	materials_examined	Figure Upper: lectotype, major. Lower: paralectotype, minor. TEXAS: Ft. Davis, southwestern Texas (W. M. Wheeler). Scale bars = 1 mm.	en	Wilson, E. O. (2003): Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, URL: http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017
157DCAB548522C659794D2035D5A891F.taxon	etymology	etymology NL erethizon, porcupine, referring to the very long, bristly pilosity of the major and minor.	en	Wilson, E. O. (2003): Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, URL: http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017
157DCAB548522C659794D2035D5A891F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis A member of the crassicornis group characterized in both the major and minor by exceptionally dense, long hair (reaching an extreme in the gastral pilosity of the major); and entire head (except frontal triangle and central piece of clypeus), mesosoma, and waist foveolate and opaque. In addition, the minor is unusual within the crassicornis group in possessing a narrowed occiput seen in full-face view, yet nevertheless lacking a nuchal collar.	en	Wilson, E. O. (2003): Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, URL: http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017
157DCAB548522C659794D2035D5A891F.taxon	description	measurements (mm) Holotype major: HW 1.26, HL 1.34, SL 0.92, EL 0.22, PW 0.64. Paratype minor: HW 0.58, HL 0.70, SL 0.86, EL 0.16, PW 0.42. color Major: concolorous medium yellow with a very slight reddish tinge. Minor: concolorous medium yellow.	en	Wilson, E. O. (2003): Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, URL: http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017
157DCAB548522C659794D2035D5A891F.taxon	distribution	range Recorded from the type locality (Michoacan); Azizintla, Guerrero; and Miacatlan, Morelos.	en	Wilson, E. O. (2003): Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, URL: http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017
157DCAB548522C659794D2035D5A891F.taxon	biology_ecology	biology Unknown.	en	Wilson, E. O. (2003): Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, URL: http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017
157DCAB548522C659794D2035D5A891F.taxon	materials_examined	figure Upper: holotype, major. Lower: paratype, minor. MEXICO: San Jose Purua, Michoacan (A. b. Hamton). Scale bars = 1 mm.	en	Wilson, E. O. (2003): Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, URL: http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017
569135DF3EB3D652E5442890FBD8C2A0.taxon	etymology	Etymology Named after the type locality.	en	Wilson, E. O. (2003): Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, URL: http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017
569135DF3EB3D652E5442890FBD8C2A0.taxon	diagnosis	diagnosis A member of the crassicornis group distinguished by the following combination of traits.	en	Wilson, E. O. (2003): Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, URL: http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017
569135DF3EB3D652E5442890FBD8C2A0.taxon	description	Major: medium to dark brown; rugoreticulum of head limited to small patches immediately mesad to each eye; posterior half of head capsule smooth and shiny; anterior strip of pronotal dorsum transversely carinulate, remainder of promesonotal dorsum smooth and shiny; postpetiole from above diamond-shaped; pilosity dense and long, especially on gaster. Minor: dark brown with brownish yellow tarsi, posterior half of head capsule smooth and shiny; anterior strip of pronotal dorsum transversely carinulate, rest of pronotum smooth and shiny; occiput broad. Measurements (mm) Holotype major: HW 1.00, HL 1.04, SL 0.82, EL 0.18, PW 0.54. Paratype minor: HW 0.60, HL 0.68, SL 0.80, EL 0.14, PW 0.40. Color Major: head, lower half of pronotum, and appendages medium brown; remainder of body dark brown. Minor: body dark, almost blackish brown; tarsi brownish yellow; rest of appendages light to medium brown. range Known only from the type locality. Biology Unknown.	en	Wilson, E. O. (2003): Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, URL: http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017
569135DF3EB3D652E5442890FBD8C2A0.taxon	materials_examined	Figure Upper: holotype, major. Lower: paratype, minor. MEXICO: 1.5 km east of Gomez Farias, Tamaulipas, 425 m (Robert J. Hamton). Scale bars = 1 mm.	en	Wilson, E. O. (2003): Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, URL: http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017
A3577AE7BEDD80F02F62213975C28C2A.taxon	etymology	Etymology Named after the Mexican state of origin.	en	Wilson, E. O. (2003): Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, URL: http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017
A3577AE7BEDD80F02F62213975C28C2A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis A member of the crassicornis group distinguished by the following combination of traits.	en	Wilson, E. O. (2003): Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, URL: http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017
A3577AE7BEDD80F02F62213975C28C2A.taxon	description	Major: rugoreticulum mesad to the eyes very extensive, reaching from near the posterior clypeal border to midway between the eye and occiput; pilosity very dense and long, especially on the dorsal surfaces of the head and on the gastral tergites; anterior strip of pronotal dorsum transversely carinulate; postpetiole from above diamond-shaped. Minor: pilosity extremely long over most of the body; humerus subangulate in dorsal-oblique view; occiput narrowed, with rudiment of a nuchal collar. Measurements (mm) Holotype major: HW 1.28, HL 1.42, SL 1.02, EL 0.24, PW 0.66. Paratype minor: HW 0.58, HL 0.74, SL 0.94, EL 0.20, PW 0.42. Color Major: head indistinctly bicolorous, with capsule anterior to eye level yellow and remainder yellowish brown; mesosoma and appendages yellowish brown; waist and gaster plain light brown. Minor: indistinctly bicolorous, with head capsule posterior to anterior margin of eye as well as gaster and postpetiolar dorsum light brown; remainder of body dark yellow to brownish yellow. Range Known only from the type locality.	en	Wilson, E. O. (2003): Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, URL: http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017
A3577AE7BEDD80F02F62213975C28C2A.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology The nest of the type colony was beneath a rock in a forest clearing. A winged queen was present on 31 July.	en	Wilson, E. O. (2003): Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, URL: http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017
A3577AE7BEDD80F02F62213975C28C2A.taxon	materials_examined	Figure Upper: holotype, major. Lower: paratype, minor. MEXICO: at road 3.5 km below Omilteme, Guerrero, 2000 m (Cornell University Field Party). Scale bars = 1 mm.	en	Wilson, E. O. (2003): Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, URL: http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017
6F95A54E5706A6AB647210F388B69F01.taxon	etymology	Etymology L pilosior, hairier.	en	Wilson, E. O. (2003): Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, URL: http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017
6F95A54E5706A6AB647210F388B69F01.taxon	diagnosis	diagnosis A member of the crassicornis group, similar to crassicornis, diversipilosa, porcula, tetra, and vallicola, and differing in the following combination of traits.	en	Wilson, E. O. (2003): Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, URL: http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017
6F95A54E5706A6AB647210F388B69F01.taxon	description	Major: reddish to dark brown; rugoreticulum of head forms a broad swath from eye to frontal carinae; pilosity very dense, forming a thick fringe of short hairs around the head and a thick mat of hairs of short to medium length on the first gastral tergite; petiolar node in side view tapered to a blunt point at the apex; postpetiolar node laterally acute-angulate; basal segment of scape 2 X broader than distal segment. Minor: dark brown; posterior dorsal half of head and promesonotal dorsum smooth and shiny. Measurements (mm) Holotype major: HW 1.54, HL 1.58, SL 0.86, EL 0.20, PW 0.76. Paratype minor: HW 0.54, HL 0.68, SL 0.74, EL 0.14, PW 0.38. color Major: head rich medium reddish brown, with broad area of vertex covering central half of head capsule dark brown; body dark brown; legs medium brown. Minor: most of body and antennae dark, almost blackish brown; lateral wings of clypeus and legs medium brown. Range Known only from the type locality.	en	Wilson, E. O. (2003): Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, URL: http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017
6F95A54E5706A6AB647210F388B69F01.taxon	biology_ecology	biology The type colony was collected by Cover in a heavily grazed creek floodplain forest, nesting beneath a stone in shade.	en	Wilson, E. O. (2003): Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, URL: http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017
6F95A54E5706A6AB647210F388B69F01.taxon	materials_examined	Figure Upper: holotype, major. Lower: paratype, minor. TEXAS: Limpia Canyon creekbed, Davis Mts., Jeff Davis Co., southwestern Texas (Stefan Cover). Scale bars = 1 mm.	en	Wilson, E. O. (2003): Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, URL: http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017
B5C6EEE84FA392C144A5F4FCAC9A307D.taxon	etymology	etymology l pinicola, pine-dweller, based on habitat of type colony.	en	Wilson, E. O. (2003): Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, URL: http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017
B5C6EEE84FA392C144A5F4FCAC9A307D.taxon	diagnosis	diagnosis A member of the crassicornis group distinguished by the following combination of traits. Major: occiput, frontal triangle, and central piece of clypeus smooth and shiny, area between frontal carinae and eyes heavily rugoreticulate, and rest of dorsal surface of head longitudinally carinulate; all of mesosoma, waist, and anterior half of central strip of gastral tergite foveolate and opaque; pronotal dorsum transversely carinulate; pronotal profile in dorsal-oblique view bilobous. Minor: all of head, mesosoma, and waist, and most of the first gastral tergite foveolate and opaque; anterior strip of pronotal dorsum transversely rugulose; mandibles and tarsi dark yellow.	en	Wilson, E. O. (2003): Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, URL: http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017
B5C6EEE84FA392C144A5F4FCAC9A307D.taxon	description	Measurements (mm) Holotype major: HW 1.30, HL 1.30, SL 0.80, EL 0.20, PW 0.66. Paratype minor: HW 0.66, HL 0.76, SL 0.80, EL 0.16, PW 0.46. color Major: head and appendages light reddish brown; rest of body medium reddish brown. Minor: body medium reddish brown, mandibles and tarsi dark yellow.	en	Wilson, E. O. (2003): Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, URL: http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017
B5C6EEE84FA392C144A5F4FCAC9A307D.taxon	distribution	Range Known only from the type locality.	en	Wilson, E. O. (2003): Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, URL: http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017
B5C6EEE84FA392C144A5F4FCAC9A307D.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology The type series were collected in pine forest.	en	Wilson, E. O. (2003): Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, URL: http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017
B5C6EEE84FA392C144A5F4FCAC9A307D.taxon	materials_examined	Figure Upper: holotype, major. Lower: paratype, minor. MEXICO: pine forest, km 225 on Highway 85, Hidalgo (Cornell University Mexico Field Party 1965). Scale bars = 1 mm.	en	Wilson, E. O. (2003): Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, URL: http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017
582891A1C6309D0C93D1437C84417BB9.taxon	etymology	Etymology L porcula, little pig-like.	en	Wilson, E. O. (2003): Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, URL: http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017
582891A1C6309D0C93D1437C84417BB9.taxon	diagnosis	diagnosis A member of the crassicornis group close to crassicornis, diversipilosa, tetra, and vallicola, differing from these species in the following combination of traits.	en	Wilson, E. O. (2003): Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, URL: http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017
582891A1C6309D0C93D1437C84417BB9.taxon	description	Major: yellow; rugoreticulum on head stretches from frontal carinae obliquely upward posterior to level of eye but does not reach the eye; pilosity dense, in full-face view fringing the head and on the first gastral tergite forming a very short, uniform felt; humerus subangulate; postpetiole from above oval, not angulate; scape at widest part of basal portion is 2 X widest part of distal portion; pronotum smooth and shiny except for anterior fringe, which is carinulate. Minor: posterior half of head completely smooth and shiny, pronotum sparsely foveolate, feebly shiny; propodeal spines reduced to denticles. Measurements (mm) Lectotype major: HW 1.58, HL 1.60, SL 0.92, EL 0.20, PW 0.78. Paralectotype minor: HW 0.60, HL 0.74, SL 0.84, EL 0.12, PW 0.40. Color Major: concolorous yellow. Minor: concolorous light reddish brown.	en	Wilson, E. O. (2003): Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, URL: http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017
582891A1C6309D0C93D1437C84417BB9.taxon	distribution	Range Chisos Mts. of the Big Bend of southwestern Texas to the vicinity of Abilene and San Angelo, central Texas; probably also occurs in upland Chihuahua.	en	Wilson, E. O. (2003): Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, URL: http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017
582891A1C6309D0C93D1437C84417BB9.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology Near San Angelo, Texas, Stefan Cover (unpublished notes) found a nest in a grassy flat, in clayey soil beneath a rock. Moody and Francke (1982) found numerous colonies in western Texas at 100 - 1700 m, nesting variously under stones, logs, cow dung, and under wood and fragments of metal, as well as in open soil.	en	Wilson, E. O. (2003): Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, URL: http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017
582891A1C6309D0C93D1437C84417BB9.taxon	materials_examined	Figure Upper: lectotype, major. Lower: paralectotype, minor. TEXAS: Chisos Mts., Big Bend of southwestern Texas (O. W. Williams). Scale bars = 1 mm.	en	Wilson, E. O. (2003): Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, URL: http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017
E43D05A07D701F7D2C7D16FF88B85377.taxon	etymology	Etymology L spathicornis, broad-bladed horn, referring to the scape.	en	Wilson, E. O. (2003): Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, URL: http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017
E43D05A07D701F7D2C7D16FF88B85377.taxon	diagnosis	diagnosis A member of the crassicornis group, most resembling guerrerana, and differing from that and other species of the group by the following combination of traits.	en	Wilson, E. O. (2003): Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, URL: http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017
E43D05A07D701F7D2C7D16FF88B85377.taxon	description	Major: rugoreticulum on head extends mesad to eye anteriorly half way to the anterior genal border and posteriorly nearly halfway to the occipital borders; a loosed, ladder-like rugoreticulum also extends along the midline of the dorsal surface of the head capsule from the occiput halfway to the frontal triangle; pilosity very long and dense; postpetiole from above oval, not laterally angulate. Minor: humerus in dorsal-oblique view subangulate; propodeal spines reduced to denticles; petiolar node from side tapers to a point; occiput broad, and nuchal collar absent. Measurements (mm) Holotype major: HW 1.26, HL 1.38, SL 0.82, EL 0.18, PW 0.64. Paratype minor: HW 0.60, HL 0.75, SL 0.80, EL 0.14, PW 0.40. Color Major: concolorous reddish yellow. Minor: head and gaster plain light brown; mesosoma, waist, and appendages yellowish brown.	en	Wilson, E. O. (2003): Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, URL: http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017
E43D05A07D701F7D2C7D16FF88B85377.taxon	distribution	Range Known only from the type locality.	en	Wilson, E. O. (2003): Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, URL: http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017
E43D05A07D701F7D2C7D16FF88B85377.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology Unknown.	en	Wilson, E. O. (2003): Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, URL: http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017
E43D05A07D701F7D2C7D16FF88B85377.taxon	materials_examined	figure Upper: holotype, major. Lower: paratype, minor. MEXICO: Villa Santiago, Cola de Caballo, Morelos (Francisco Perez d.). Scale bars = 1 mm.	en	Wilson, E. O. (2003): Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, URL: http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017
1F4005EB13C1ACD2CCCC77F465492EFE.taxon	etymology	Etymology Gr tetra, four, significance unknown.	en	Wilson, E. O. (2003): Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, URL: http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017
1F4005EB13C1ACD2CCCC77F465492EFE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Very close to crassicornis, from which it differs in the major by its generally abundant pilosity, and diversipilosa, from which it differs in the longer pilosity on the first gastral tergite and abundant hairs on the waist and occiput. Also resembles porcula in various traits as depicted.	en	Wilson, E. O. (2003): Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, URL: http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017
1F4005EB13C1ACD2CCCC77F465492EFE.taxon	description	Measurements (mm) Lectotype major: HW 1.34, HL 1.36, SL 0.72, EL 0.20, PW 0.66. Paralectotype minor: HW 0.66, HL 0.74, SL 0.74, EL 0.14, PW 0.44. Color Major and minor: concolorous light to dark reddish brown.	en	Wilson, E. O. (2003): Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, URL: http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017
1F4005EB13C1ACD2CCCC77F465492EFE.taxon	distribution	Range Known from St. Louis Co., Missouri; Ouachita Mts., Montgomery Co., Arkansas; central and western Texas; and the mountains of southern Arizona at 1280 - 1580 m.	en	Wilson, E. O. (2003): Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, URL: http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017
1F4005EB13C1ACD2CCCC77F465492EFE.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology In the Ouachita Mts. of Arkansas, Stefan Cover (unpublished field notes) found colonies at three localities in open areas of mixed pine-hardwood forest, nesting beneath rocks. At the Pedernales Falls State Park, Blanco Co., Texas, he found two colonies under rocks in grassy clearings, nesting in sandy soil; and in Cochise Co., Arizona, Cover discovered a colony in cottonwood floodplain forest, apparently nesting in open soil. In western Texas, Moody and Francke (1982) found tetra at 400 - 1600 m, nesting variously under stones and logs and in open soil.	en	Wilson, E. O. (2003): Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, URL: http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017
1F4005EB13C1ACD2CCCC77F465492EFE.taxon	materials_examined	Figure Upper: lectotype, major. Lower: paralectotype, minor. TEXAS: Austin (W. M. Wheeler). Scale bars = 1 mm.	en	Wilson, E. O. (2003): Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, URL: http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017
73BE72C73760558D3A105507F1B72FD3.taxon	etymology	Etymology L vallicola, valley dweller, referring to the habitat of the type colony.	en	Wilson, E. O. (2003): Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, URL: http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017
73BE72C73760558D3A105507F1B72FD3.taxon	diagnosis	diagnosis A member of the crassicornis group, similar to crassicornis, diversipilosa, porcula, and tetra, but differing by the following combination of traits.	en	Wilson, E. O. (2003): Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, URL: http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017
73BE72C73760558D3A105507F1B72FD3.taxon	description	Major: pilosity consisting of sparse, very long hairs (some on first gastral tergite are 2 X the maximum eye length); head in side view tapered toward occiput; rugoreticulum forms a broad swath from antennal fossa to eye on each side; carinulae along midline of dorsum of head continue to occiput; pronotum sparsely foveolate and feebly shining on sides, smooth and shiny on dorsum; postpetiole from above laterally subangulate. Minor: petiolar node from side thin, and tapered toward apex; pilosity sparse, as illustrated; dorsum of head (except for frontal triangle and middle section of clypeus), all of mesosoma, and most of waist foveolate and opaque. Measurements (mm) Lectotype major: HW 1.34, HL 1.44, SL 0.80, EL 0.20, PW 0.64. Paralectotype minor: HW 0.64, HL 0.70, SL 0.82, EL 0.14, PW 0.44. color Major: body light reddish brown except for gaster, which is a slightly contrasting medium reddish brown. Minor: concolorous medium reddish brown.	en	Wilson, E. O. (2003): Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, URL: http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017
73BE72C73760558D3A105507F1B72FD3.taxon	distribution	Range Recorded by Stefan Cover in numerous collections at 1200 - 1900 m in the following mountain ranges of southeastern Arizona: Chiricahua, Dragoon, Huachuca, Pajarito, Pinal, and Sierra Ancha.	en	Wilson, E. O. (2003): Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, URL: http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017
73BE72C73760558D3A105507F1B72FD3.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology Stefan Cover (unpublished collection notes) found vallicola to favor creek banks and open woodland with a wide range of species composition, from ponderosa pine to oak, pine-oak-juniper, and oak-mesquite-sumac. Nests were usually under stones in either shade or exposed areas, although occasionally they had been constructed in open soil.	en	Wilson, E. O. (2003): Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, URL: http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017
73BE72C73760558D3A105507F1B72FD3.taxon	materials_examined	Figure Upper: lectotype, major. Lower: paralectotype, minor. ARIZONA: Miller Canyon, Huachuca Mts., southeastern Arizona (W. M. Wheeler). Scale bars = 1 mm.	en	Wilson, E. O. (2003): Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, URL: http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017
