identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
BE0092663907FFC3463E87C80957FDE3.text	BE0092663907FFC3463E87C80957FDE3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paralomis cubensis , Chace 1939	<div><p>Paralomis cubensis Chace, 1939</p> <p>(Fig. 2)</p> <p>Paralomis cubensis Chace, 1939: 49. — Macpherson 1988a: 97, fig. 44, pl. 22B, 23A.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY. — East of Havana, Cuba, 23°12’30’’N, 82°12’W, 420- 548 m.</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION. — Caribbean Sea and Western Atlantic, 1- 27°N, 300- 600 m.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — 5 ♀♀ (CL 25-52 mm), 13 šš (CL 23-85 mm) (including paratypes).</p> <p>SPECIMENS FIGURED. — RV Miss Virginia, 329-366 m, 21.III.1962, 1 ♀ CL 26 mm (USNM- 231310). — 26°45’N, 84°55’W, 466-732 m, XII.1983, 1 ♀ CL 45.8 mm (USNM- 213542). — Amazon River Mouth, 411 m, XI.1957, 1 ♀ CL 79.6 mm (USNM- 231312).</p> <p>REMARKS</p> <p>In the original description of the 53.2 mm female holotype of Paralomis cubensis, Chace (1939) notes “the dorsal carapace crowded with tubercles of different sizes,low and rounded on most surfaces,becoming more acute towards the margins”. This description matches the figured specimen (Fig. 2D, E) in the CL 30-50 mm size class. Substantial ontogenetic change is seen in P.cubensis, with later growth stages bearing progressively flattened tubercles (Fig.2G).Specimens smaller than CL 30 mm bore pedunculate tubercles or spines with a bulbous swelling at the apex (Fig.2B, C). Setae are not found on the apices of these tubercles at any growth stage, instead tubercles are covered evenly in short setae. Macpherson (1988a) reports corroborating features in a CL 28 mm specimen, “granules very acute, forming small spines” but does not include a figure.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BE0092663907FFC3463E87C80957FDE3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hall, Sally;Thatje, Sven	Hall, Sally, Thatje, Sven (2010): King crabs up-close: ontogenetic changes in ornamentation in the family Lithodidae (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura), with a focus on the genus Paralomis. Zoosystema 32 (3): 495-524, DOI: 10.5252/z2010n3a10, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/z2010n3a10
BE0092663901FFC34593868B091CF908.text	BE0092663901FFC34593868B091CF908.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paralomis erinacea Macpherson 1988	<div><p>Paralomis erinacea Macpherson, 1988 (Fig. 3)</p> <p>Paralomis erinacea Macpherson, 1988a: 82, figs 36A, 37, pl. 19A.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY. — Syntypes taken from Guinea Bissau and the Ivory Coast 251- 900 m.</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION. — East coast of Africa, from Mauritania to the Ivory Coast, 251-1500 m.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — 9 ♀♀ (CL 44-66 mm); 8 šš (CL 61-83 mm).</p> <p>SPECIMENS FIGURED. — Guinea Bissau, 1 ♀ CL 44.87 mm (MNHN Pg-2937). — Mauritania 14.XII.2007, 1 ♀ CL 59 mm, 1 ♀ CL 83 mm (both specimens in collection of A. Ramos, Vigo, Spain).</p> <p>REMARKS</p> <p>In the original description of this species (Macpherson 1988a),9adultspecimenswereexamined,CL 46-78mm. Our examination slightly extends this range, doubling the specimen count, and examining newly identified individuals from CL 44 mm to 83 mm. Macpherson (1988a:fig.37G)shows spines similar to those that we found on the smaller size classes (40-50 mm, Fig.3B). These are large conical spines, of uniform size, bearing small setae.Th e larger specimen,at CL 83mm (Fig.3E, F) has spines which are wider, lower and blunter than those originally figured specimens.</p> <p>The macroscopic appearance of the larger adults is smoother than that of the spiny smaller adults, and might be a cause of misidentification. In P. erinacea, the lateral spines are similar in form to the dorsal spines.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BE0092663901FFC34593868B091CF908	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hall, Sally;Thatje, Sven	Hall, Sally, Thatje, Sven (2010): King crabs up-close: ontogenetic changes in ornamentation in the family Lithodidae (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura), with a focus on the genus Paralomis. Zoosystema 32 (3): 495-524, DOI: 10.5252/z2010n3a10, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/z2010n3a10
BE0092663901FFC147DC84CF0ACFFB37.text	BE0092663901FFC147DC84CF0ACFFB37.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paralomis granulosa (Jaquinot 1847)	<div><p>Paralomis granulosa (Jaquinot, 1847) (Fig. 4)</p> <p>Lithodes granulosa Jaquinot, 1847: figs 15-21, plate 8.</p> <p>Lithodes granulosus – White 1847: 56.</p> <p>Lithodes granulata Jaquinot, 1853: 94.</p> <p>Lithodes verrucosa Dana, 1852: 428; 1855: pl. 26, fig. 16. — Cunningham 1871: 494.</p> <p>Paralomis verrucosa Bouvier, 1895: 187, pl. 13, fig. 3. — Bouvier 1896: 26.</p> <p>Paralomis granulosa White, 1856: 134.</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION. — Patagonia and the Falkland islands, 5- 130 m.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — 20 ♀♀ (CL 28-55 mm), 17 šš (CL 13-90 mm).</p> <p>SPECIMENS FIGURED. — Strait of Le Maire, Tierra del Fuego, 25.IV.1971, 1 š CL 25.6 mm (USNM- 231429). — Tierra del Fuego, 10 m, 1 ♀ CL 45.6 mm, 1 š CL 65.7 mm (both specimens, BMNH 152710).</p> <p>REMARKS</p> <p>Paralomis granulosa, studied by Ingle &amp; Garrod (1987), demonstrates the ontogenetic progression of tubercular flattening observed in P. cubensis. Small specimens (particularly those CL 10-25 mm) are covered with very distinctive pedunculated irregular tubercles (Fig. 4A, B), sometimes described as “boleate” (Ingle &amp; Garrod 1987). These progressively become less pedunculated (Fig. 4D) until they are reduced to low tubercles (Fig. 4F). This reduction does not happen evenly across the carapace, with the more lateral tubercles tending to flatten first. The largest specimen that we found bearing pedunculated tubercles was CL 35 mm. In very large specimens of up to CL 90 mm (not mentioned in the 1987 work on this species), the tubercular cover can be quite sparse, and fouling or wear on the carapace can be substantial, as moults become less frequent (McCaughran &amp; Powell 1977). Th e 1987 study of Falkland Island populations, conducted by Ingle &amp; Garrod, is supported by our results, and can be generalised over the wider geographic range of the species.</p> <p>A</p> <p>C</p> <p>E</p> <p>B</p> <p>D</p> <p>F</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BE0092663901FFC147DC84CF0ACFFB37	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hall, Sally;Thatje, Sven	Hall, Sally, Thatje, Sven (2010): King crabs up-close: ontogenetic changes in ornamentation in the family Lithodidae (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura), with a focus on the genus Paralomis. Zoosystema 32 (3): 495-524, DOI: 10.5252/z2010n3a10, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/z2010n3a10
BE009266390CFFCF45D581D209E8FDE3.text	BE009266390CFFCF45D581D209E8FDE3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paralomis inca Haig 1974	<div><p>Paralomis inca Haig, 1974</p> <p>(Fig. 5)</p> <p>Paralomis inca Haig, 1974: 157, figs 3, 4.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY. — Pacific coast of Ecuador and Peru, 06°31.5’S, 81°01.5’W, 600- 800 m.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — 6 ♀♀ (CL&gt; 90 mm). Informa-</p> <p>tion about smaller size classes comes from the original description (Haig 1974).</p> <p>SPECIMEN FIGURED. — 7°49’00’’S, 80°38’00’’W, 705- 735 m, 1 ♀ CL 96 mm (USNM- 259223).</p> <p>REMARKS</p> <p>No specimen of Paralomis inca (Fig. 5) examined by us was smaller than CL 90 mm, and the smallest of the “adult” type collection (Haig 1974) was CL 80 mm. In the original description (Haig 1974: fig. 4), a figure of a juvenile (CL 69 mm) is double the normal minimum size of maturity for many species of the genus (Zaklan 2002). Haig (1974) does indicate a marked difference between juvenile and adult spines (Fig. 5). In large specimens, tubercles are low, regular mounds, with a circular patch of short setae at the apex. In the small paratype, the dorsal ornamentation is much more spiniform, with long setae emanating from the apex.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BE009266390CFFCF45D581D209E8FDE3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hall, Sally;Thatje, Sven	Hall, Sally, Thatje, Sven (2010): King crabs up-close: ontogenetic changes in ornamentation in the family Lithodidae (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura), with a focus on the genus Paralomis. Zoosystema 32 (3): 495-524, DOI: 10.5252/z2010n3a10, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/z2010n3a10
BE009266390DFFCF45A3868B0A17F908.text	BE009266390DFFCF45A3868B0A17F908.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paralomis mendagnai Macpherson 2003	<div><p>Paralomis mendagnai Macpherson, 2003 (Fig. 6)</p> <p>Paralomis mendagnai Macpherson, 2003: 414, figs 1-3.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY. — Solomon Islands, 9°06.9’S, 159°53.2’E, 869-912 m</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION. — Solomon Islands, 400-1200 m.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — 6 ♀♀ (CL 7-49.9 mm), 6 šš (CL 11-59 mm).</p> <p>SPECIMENS FIGURED. — Solomon Islands, 896-1012 m, 25-26.IX.2001, 3 šš CL 11, 36, 58.8 mm (MNHN Pg-6408).</p> <p>REMARKS</p> <p>From an ovigerous female found 700-800 m in the Solomon Islands, this species is known to be reproductively mature by at least CL 50 mm. Paralomis mendagnai appears to be different from other South Pacific groups studied (Fig. 14) in the smoothly rounded tubercles of the adults, which have pits (possibly minute setae) on the apex (not in a circular pattern). Specimens in the CL 10-25 mm size class had conical, or spiniform tubercles, unlike anything found on specimens above CL 30 mm. The small paratype of P. mendagnai, (Fig. 6A, B) has a spiniform enlargement (Fig. 6B) of one of the conical tubercles of the mid-branchial region, whereas the surrounding tubercles are much smaller. In positions on the carapace where juveniles have such enlarged conical tubercles, specimens larger than CL 30 mm have only wide (&gt; 3 mm diameter), flat or rounded tubercles (Fig. 4D, F).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BE009266390DFFCF45A3868B0A17F908	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hall, Sally;Thatje, Sven	Hall, Sally, Thatje, Sven (2010): King crabs up-close: ontogenetic changes in ornamentation in the family Lithodidae (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura), with a focus on the genus Paralomis. Zoosystema 32 (3): 495-524, DOI: 10.5252/z2010n3a10, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/z2010n3a10
BE009266390DFFCF47E384CF0B00FA84.text	BE009266390DFFCF47E384CF0B00FA84.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paralomis multispina (Benedict 1894)	<div><p>Paralomis multispina (Benedict, 1894) (Fig. 7)</p> <p>Leptolithodes multispina Benedict, 1894: 484. — Rathbun 1904: 165.</p> <p>Paralomis multispina – Schmitt 1921: 159, pl. 23; pl. 30, figs 7, 8. — Makarov 1938: 257, fig. 102. — Sakai 1971: pl. 6, fig. 2; pl. 14, figs 1, 2.</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION. — North Pacific, particularly around Japan, approximately 500-1100 m.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — 7 ♀♀ (CL 14-93 mm); 9 šš (CL 7-105 mm).</p> <p>SPECIMENS FIGURED. — Sea Lion rocks, WA, 1253 m, 1 ♀ CL 17 mm (USNM- 18591). — San Diego, CA, 1503 m, 1 ♀ CL 68 mm (USNM- 18589).</p> <p>REMARKS</p> <p>In P. multispina, the spines in the larger size classes (CL&gt; 50 mm) are stout, sharp-tipped, and conical, flattened at an oblique (posterior facing) angle, and with a circumference of short setae around that face (Fig. 7E). Juveniles (CL 7-30 mm) of P. multispina have short, blunt, pedunculated tubercles, bearing a halo of short setae (Fig. 7B, C). In specimens of around CL 30 mm, there is evidence for the tubercles becoming longer and developing an acute tip, as in larger adults. In all specimens, one spine in the mid-gastric region is larger than the other spines or tubercles, and which has no setae, nor does it have a flattened region posteriorly: this spine appears to be particularly large in relation to the lower tubercles on small specimens.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BE009266390DFFCF47E384CF0B00FA84	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hall, Sally;Thatje, Sven	Hall, Sally, Thatje, Sven (2010): King crabs up-close: ontogenetic changes in ornamentation in the family Lithodidae (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura), with a focus on the genus Paralomis. Zoosystema 32 (3): 495-524, DOI: 10.5252/z2010n3a10, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/z2010n3a10
BE0092663909FFCB458284CF099CFC00.text	BE0092663909FFCB458284CF099CFC00.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paralomis stella Macpherson 1988	<div><p>Paralomis stella Macpherson, 1988 (Fig. 9)</p> <p>Paralomis stella Macpherson, 1988c: 118, fig. 1, pl. 1A-C.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY. — Réunion Island, 350- 937 m.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — 6 ♀♀ (CL 39-49 mm), 7 šš (CL 17-86 mm).</p> <p>SPECIMENS FIGURED. — Réunion Island, 350-750 m, 28.VIII.1982, 1 šCL 24.5 mm (MNHN Pg-4257). — Réunion Islands, 450-937 m, 24.VIII.1982, 1 š CL 71.3 mm (MNHN Pg-4255).</p> <p>REMARKS</p> <p>Paralomis stella, from the south-eastern Indian Ocean, has a very similar adult spine morphotype, and a comparable ontogenetic progression to P.mendagnai. In both groups, the CL 10-25 mm size class have conical, spiniform tubercles, although in P. stella, none of the spines on the carapace are consistently enlarged in comparison to others on the same specimen. Adults larger than CL 30 mm have regular, rounded tubercles with pits (possibly minute setae) dispersed across the apex.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BE0092663909FFCB458284CF099CFC00	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hall, Sally;Thatje, Sven	Hall, Sally, Thatje, Sven (2010): King crabs up-close: ontogenetic changes in ornamentation in the family Lithodidae (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura), with a focus on the genus Paralomis. Zoosystema 32 (3): 495-524, DOI: 10.5252/z2010n3a10, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/z2010n3a10
