taxonID	type	description	language	source
BC6587896A6FFFBB7397FF3BFDEA30D1.taxon	materials_examined	Type species. Chococtenus otonga n. sp.	en	Dupérré, Nadine (2015): Description of a new genus and thirteen new species of Ctenidae (Araneae, Ctenidae) from the Chocó region of Ecuador. Zootaxa 4028 (4): 451-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.4.1
BC6587896A6FFFBB7397FF3BFDEA30D1.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The generic name is a contraction of “ Chocó ” and “ Ctenus ” in reference to the hotspot corridor running from Panama to Peru where the type species was first discovered. The gender is masculine.	en	Dupérré, Nadine (2015): Description of a new genus and thirteen new species of Ctenidae (Araneae, Ctenidae) from the Chocó region of Ecuador. Zootaxa 4028 (4): 451-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.4.1
BC6587896A6FFFBB7397FF3BFDEA30D1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The genus Chococtenus is diagnosed from other Acantheinae by the presence of unique ventral and a spine-like retrolateral tibial apophysis (Fig. 2). Males Chococtenus are differentiated from Enoploctenus Simon 1897 (Dupérré 2014: fig. 7) and Phymatoctenus Simon 1897 by their unique, prominent ventral tibial apophysis, absent in the later genera. Furthermore males of Enoploctenus are distinguished by the presence of a retroapical tibial notch on the palpal tibia (Dupérré 2014: fig. 8), absent in Chococtenus (Figs 3, 7). Females are distinguished by the presence of lateral internal pockets of the epigynum (Figs 5, 9, 24). From Enoploctenus, Phymatoctenus and Tuticanus Simon 1897 by the particularly wide median sector of the epigynum, longer than high (Figs 12, 23, 27); narrow, higher than long in Enoploctenus (Dupérré 2014: fig. 4), Phymatoctenus and Tuticanus.	en	Dupérré, Nadine (2015): Description of a new genus and thirteen new species of Ctenidae (Araneae, Ctenidae) from the Chocó region of Ecuador. Zootaxa 4028 (4): 451-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.4.1
BC6587896A6FFFBB7397FF3BFDEA30D1.taxon	description	Description. Male. Small to medium (3.3 – 9.5 mm) size spiders. CARAPACE: Piriform, slightly longer than wide, two types of colour pattern: as C. otonga (Figs 1, 55) or as C. cappuccino and C. otongachi (Figs 20, 33); shallow thoracic groove; fovea longitudinal. Eyes pattern 2 - 4 - 2, rounded; AME, ALE the smallest, PME, PLE the biggest (Figs 53, 54). Clypeus low, 1 / 2 x AME (Figs 53, 54). Chelicerae promargin with 3 teeth, retromargin with 4 teeth; with two black stripes (Figs 53, 54). Endites longer than wide. Labium rectangular. Sternum flat, as long as wide. LEGS: Evenly coloured or with black bands on femur, tibiae and metatarsi. Leg formula 4123. Trochanters notched. Ventral scopula on tarsi and metatarsi I. Femur with 3 dorsal and no ventral spines. Tibia I and II with five pairs of ventral spines, metatarsi I and II with three pairs of ventral spines. Tarsal claw unipectinate, with 7 – 10 teeth; with dense claw tufts. ABDOMEN: oval, with median half-length pale band, uniformly greyish-brown colour (Figs 1, 55, 56) or with a pattern of darker patches. GENITALIA: Cymbium pointed apically with modified setae, as long as tibia; dorsal scopula present; with basal cymbial retrolateral keel (Figs 2, 6, 25). Tibia as long as the cymbium; two prolateral spines, one retrolateral; retrolateral tibial apophysis well developed, spine-like (Figs 3, 15, 22) or slightly curved (Fig. 43); ventral tibial apophysis variable, somewhat transparent apically, curved (Fig. 2), elongated (Figs 6, 10), rectangular (Figs 14, 18) or rounded (Fig. 42). Tegulum oval (Figs 2, 21, 38) sometimes with a retrolateral swelling (Figs 6, 14, 29); with a hyaline sector at the base of the median apophysis. Median apophysis variable, elongated (Fig. 6), curved (Fig. 10), straight (Fig. 14) or with basal projection (Figs 25, 38, 42, 44, 46). Membranous tegular process originating at the base of the median apophysis and the embolus, elongated, hyaline, ribbed (Fig. 2), long (Fig. 14) or short (Fig. 10), sometimes hidden behind the embolus (Fig. 38). Conductor positioned at tip of embolus, hyaline, variably shaped, sometimes folded (Fig. 21). Embolus base sometimes twisted (Fig. 2) or straight (Figs 6, 10). Embolus filiform, thin (Figs 6, 14, 21) or broad (Figs 38, 42), tip of different shapes (Figs 21, 34). Female. Small to medium (3.3 – 9.5 mm) size spiders. Somatic morphology as in male, colouration somewhat darker and more contrasted than in males. LEGS: As in males, sometimes with pattern of yellow-orange to dark brown or blackish bands; with less leg spines; legs shorter than males compared to body length. Tarsal claw unipectinate, with 4 teeth and dense claw tufts. Pedipalp claw unipectinate with 4 short teeth. GENITALIA: Epigynum with strongly sclerotized median sector, either pentagonal (Fig. 4), triangular (Fig. 8), rounded (Fig. 16), elliptical (Figs 23, 31, 36) or heart-shaped (Figs 12, 27); unsclerotized median sector can be wide (Fig. 4), medium (Fig. 16), narrow (Fig. 23) or absent (Fig. 12); slightly concave (Fig. 4) or flat (Fig. 23); lateral processes elongated (Figs 4, 8) or short (Figs 12, 16), positioned basally (Figs 23, 27) or medially (Figs 36, 40). Internal genitalia with copulatory ducts long, curved, positioned laterally (Fig. 5) or short and positioned more ventrally (Fig. 13) in internal lateral pockets (Figs 5, 9, 24); spermathecae rounded (Figs 5, 48) to oval (Fig. 17); fertilization ducts short positioned at the base of the spermathecae, directed medially (Fig. 5). Composition. Fifteen species: C. acanthoctenoides (Schmidt 1956) n. comb., C. cappuccino n. sp., C. kashakara n. sp., C. cuchilla n. sp., C. duendecito n. sp., C. fantasma n. sp., C. lasdamas n. sp., C. luchoi n. sp., C. miserabilis (Strand 1916), C. neblina n. sp., C. otonga n. sp., C. otongachi n. sp., C. piemontana n. sp., C. suffuscus n. sp. and C. waitti n. sp.	en	Dupérré, Nadine (2015): Description of a new genus and thirteen new species of Ctenidae (Araneae, Ctenidae) from the Chocó region of Ecuador. Zootaxa 4028 (4): 451-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.4.1
BC6587896A6FFFBB7397FF3BFDEA30D1.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Colombia and Ecuador.	en	Dupérré, Nadine (2015): Description of a new genus and thirteen new species of Ctenidae (Araneae, Ctenidae) from the Chocó region of Ecuador. Zootaxa 4028 (4): 451-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.4.1
BC6587896A6EFFBC7397FF3BFC5E355A.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Male holotype from Ecuador, Cotopaxi Province, Otonga Biological Reserve (- 00.41994 ° S - 79.00623 ° W), 05 – 19. ix. 2014, pitfall, 1997 m, N. Dupérré, E. Tapia, C. Tapia (QCAZ). One female paratype from Cotopaxi Province, Otonga Biological Reserve, 24. v. – 08. vi. 2014, hand collecting, N. Dupérré, E. Tapia, C. Tapia (QCAZ). Additional material examined. Ecuador: Cotopaxi Province: Otonga Biological Reserve (- 00.41941 ° S - 78.99607 ° W), 24. v. – 08. vi. 2014, 5 ♂ 4 ♀, pitfall, 1717 m, E. Tapia, C. Tapia, N. Dupérré (AMNH); 08 – 21. vi. 2014, 1 ♀ (DTC); 03 – 16. viii. 2014, 1 ♀ (DTC); 03 – 16. viii. 2014, 1 ♂ 2 ♀ (DTC); 03 – 16. viii. 2014, 2 ♂ (DTC); 05 – 19. ix. 2014, 3 ♂ 2 ♀ (AMNH); 13 – 25. xi. 2014, 1 ♀ (DTC); 25. xi – 08. xii. 2014, 2 ♂ 2 ♀ (DTC); (- 00.41433 ° S - 79.00035 ° W), 21. v. – 08. vi. 2014, 2 ♂ 2 ♀, pitfall, 1888 m, E. Tapia, C. Tapia, N. Dupérré (AMNH); 08 – 21. vi. 2014, 2 ♀ (DTC); 03 – 16. viii. 2014, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (DTC); 03 – 16. viii. 2014, 2 ♂ (DTC); 16. viii. – 05. ix. 2014, 5 ♂ 2 ♀ (DTC); 05 – 19. ix. 2014, 2 ♂ 2 ♀ (AMNH); 19. ix. – 02. x. 2014, 2 ♀ (DTC); 13 – 25. xi. 2014, 3 ♂ (DTC); 25. xi – 08. xii. 2014, 2 ♂ 1 ♀ (DTC); (00.41994 ° S – 79.00623 ° W), 08 – 21. vi. 2014, 1 ♂, pitfall, 1997 m, E. Tapia, C. Tapia, N. Dupérré (QCAZ); 16. viii – 05. ix. 2014, 1 ♀ (DTC); 16. viii – 05. ix. 2014, 1 ♂ (DTC); 19. ix. – 02. x. 2014, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (DTC); 13 – 25. xi. 2014, 1 ♂ 2 ♀ (DTC); 25. xi – 08. xii. 2014, 2 ♂ 1 ♀ (DTC); (- 00.41564 ° S - 79.00425 ° W), 03 – 16. viii. 2014, 3 ♀, pitfall, 2105 m, E. Tapia, C. Tapia, N. Dupérré (DTC); 03 – 16. viii. 2014, 1 ♂ (DTC); 16. viii. – 05. ix. 2014, 2 ♂ 2 ♀ (DTC); 04 – 07. ix. 2014, 1 ♀ (DTC); 05 – 19. ix. 2014, 7 ♂ (DTC); 05 – 19. ix. 2014, 1 ♂ (DTC); 25. xi – 08. xii. 2014, 3 ♂ (DTC); Otonga Biological Reserve, 24. v. – 08. vi. 2014, 1 ♂, hand collecting, E. Tapia, C. Tapia, N. Dupérré (DTC); 21. vi. – 02. vii. 2014, 5 ♂ 2 ♀, pitfall (AMNH); 04 – 07. ix. 2014,1 ♂, beating, E. Tapia, C. Tapia (DTC); 24 – 30. v. 2014, 10 ♂ 2 ♀, night collecting, 1717 m, E. Tapia, C. Tapia, N. Dupérré (DTC); 04 – 07. ix. 2014, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, night collecting, 1997 m, E. Tapia, C. Tapia (DTC); Las Pampas, 10. xi. 1997, 1 ♂, 1800 m, G. Onore (QCAZ); Las Pampas, 30. vi. 1997, 1 ♂, I. Tapia (QCAZ); Las Pampas (- 00 ° 25 ’ 16 ’’ S - 78 ° 57 ’ 04 ´´ W), 02. vii. 1997, 1 ♂, 30. vi. 1997, 1 ♂, 1500 m, I. Tapia, P. Ponce (QCAZ); San Francisco de Las Pampas (- 00 ° 25 ’ 00 ’’ S - 78 ° 55 ’ 00 ´´ W) 01. iv. 2007, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 1500 m, G. Onore (QCAZ). Pichincha Province: Las Tolas (0 ° 5 ’ 29.9 ’’ N 78 ° 43 ’ 2.7 ’’ W) 11. xi. 2012, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 1607 m, L. Jaramillo (QCAZ); Guajalito (0 ° 13 ’ 53 ’’ N 78 ° 48 ’ 10 ’’ W) 01. xi. 2013, 1 ♀, 1800 m, S. Males (QCAZ); Rio Guajalito (0 ° 13 ’ 59 ’’ N 78 ° 49 ’ 0.1 ’’ W) 02. xi. 2013, 1 ♀, 1800 m, D. Coral (QCAZ); Rio Guajalito (0 ° 53 78 ° 48 ’ 10.1 ’’ W) 19. i. 2002, 1 ♂, 1800 m, S. Pandun (QCAZ); Rio Guajalito, 01. xii. 1996, 1 ♂, 1100 m, T. Morán (QCAZ); Santa Lucia (00 ° 07 ’ 05.3 ’’ N 78 ° 36 ’ 43. W) 26. x. 2013, 1 ♂, 1901 m, L. Jaramillo (QCAZ); Quito-Nanegalito km 28, 16. i. 1993, 1 ♀, 2000 m (QCAZ); Palmeras, 21. x. 1989, 1 ♀, M. Calderon (QCAZ); Palmeras, 20. x. 1979, 1 ♂, G. Romero (QCAZ).	en	Dupérré, Nadine (2015): Description of a new genus and thirteen new species of Ctenidae (Araneae, Ctenidae) from the Chocó region of Ecuador. Zootaxa 4028 (4): 451-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.4.1
BC6587896A6EFFBC7397FF3BFC5E355A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality, Otonga Biological Reserve.	en	Dupérré, Nadine (2015): Description of a new genus and thirteen new species of Ctenidae (Araneae, Ctenidae) from the Chocó region of Ecuador. Zootaxa 4028 (4): 451-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.4.1
BC6587896A6EFFBC7397FF3BFC5E355A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Males are distinguished from all species by the basally twisted embolus (Fig. 2). Females are distinguished by the elongated lateral processes of the epigynum, from C. neblina by the pentagonal median sector of the epigynum (Fig. 4), triangular in the later (Fig. 8).	en	Dupérré, Nadine (2015): Description of a new genus and thirteen new species of Ctenidae (Araneae, Ctenidae) from the Chocó region of Ecuador. Zootaxa 4028 (4): 451-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.4.1
BC6587896A6EFFBC7397FF3BFC5E355A.taxon	description	Description. Male (holotype). Total length: 8.5; carapace length: 4.9; carapace width: 3.8; abdomen length: 3.6. COLORATION: Carapace light brown, sides dark brown with pattern composed of blackish lines, meshes, and a few white setae in rows; pars cephalica light brown with blackish lines and white setae behind PLE; pars thoracica apically light brown with dark brown v-line and a few white setae; fovea dark brown (Fig. 1). Sternum yellow, endites and labium light orange-brown. Chelicerae orange-brown with two black stripes (Figs 1, 53). Abdomen dark brown with pale, half length median band, covered by long black setae, long white setae and spatulate white setae in cluster (Fig. 1). Legs uniformly orange-brown (Fig. 55). LEGS: Total length: I: 15.8; II: 15.3; III: 13.4; IV: 16.5. LEGS SPINATION: Femur I p 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1; tibia I p 1, r 0, d 0; metatarsus I p 0 r 0. Femur II p 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1 - 1; tibia II p 1 - 1, r 1 - 1, d 0; metatarsus II p 0 r 0. Femur III pl- 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1 - 1; tibia III p 1 - 1, r 1 - 1, d 1 - 1 - 1, v 2 - 2 - 2; metatarsus III p 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1, v 2 - 2 - 2. Femur IV pl- 1 - 1, r 1 - 1; tibia IV p 1 - 1, r 1 - 1, d 1 - 1 - 1, v 2 - 2 - 2; metatarsus IV p 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1, v 1 - 1 - 1 - 2. GENITALIA: Palpal cymbial keel week (Fig. 2). Ventral tibial apophysis elongated and curved, retrolateral tibial apophysis spine-like (Figs 2, 3). Tegulum oval; median apophysis elongated and curved; conductor lamelliform, hyaline; membranous tegular process hyaline, elongated, reaching embolus tip; embolus base twisted; embolus thin, originating prolaterally; tip straight (Fig. 2). Female (paratype). Total length: 11.6; carapace length: 4.8; carapace width: 4.1; abdomen length: 6.8. COLORATION: As in male, slightly darker. LEGS: Total length: I: 20.0; II: 19.5; III: 17.8; IV: 21.7. LEGS PINATION: Femur I p 1 - 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1; tibia I p 1 - 1, r 1 - 1, d 1 - 1 - 1; metatarsus I p 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1. Femur II p 1 - 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1; tibia II p 1 - 1, r 1 - 1, d 1 - 1 - 1; metatarsus II p 1 - 1 - 1 r 1 - 1. Femur III pl- 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1; tibia III p 1 - 1, r 1 - 1, d 1 - 1 - 1, v 2 - 2 - 2; metatarsus III p 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1, v 2 - 2 - 2. Femur IV pl- 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1; tibia IV p 1 - 1, r 1 - 1, d 1 - 1 - 1, v 2 - 2 - 2; metatarsus IV p 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1 - 1, v 1 - 1 - 1 - 2. GENITALIA: Epigynum with pentagonale median sector, apically with wide unsclerotized region; slightly concave; lateral processes elongated (Fig. 4). Internal genitalia with elongated, curved copulatory ducts; head of spermathecae rounded with pore apically, base of spermathecae triangular; fertilization ducts elongated (Fig. 5). Natural history. Most specimens where collected in pitfall lines set up between 1717 – 2105 m, a few were also collected on leaves at night, other specimens studied were collected between 1100 – 2000 m. This generalist species inhabit both the low evergreen montane forest and the cloud forest.	en	Dupérré, Nadine (2015): Description of a new genus and thirteen new species of Ctenidae (Araneae, Ctenidae) from the Chocó region of Ecuador. Zootaxa 4028 (4): 451-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.4.1
BC6587896A6EFFBC7397FF3BFC5E355A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Ecuador: Cotopaxi and Pichincha Provinces (Fig. 57).	en	Dupérré, Nadine (2015): Description of a new genus and thirteen new species of Ctenidae (Araneae, Ctenidae) from the Chocó region of Ecuador. Zootaxa 4028 (4): 451-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.4.1
BC6587896A68FFBE7397FDC0FCC63627.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Male holotype from Ecuador, Cotopaxi Province, Otonga Biological Reserve, 21. vi. – 02. vii. 2014, pitfall, E. Tapia, C. Tapia, N. Dupérré (QCAZ). Two female paratypes from Cotopaxi Province, Otonga Biological Reserve, 24. v. – 08. vi. 2014, 2105 m, night collecting, E. Tapia, C. Tapia, N. Dupérré (QCAZ). Additional material examined. Ecuador: Cotopaxi Province: Otonga Biological Reserve (- 00.41994 ° S - 79.00623 ° W), 24. v. – 08. vi. 2014, 3 ♂, pitfall, 1997 m, E. Tapia, C. Tapia, N. Dupérré (DTC); 08 – 21. vi. 2014, 1 ♀ (DTC); 03 – 16. viii. 2014, 2 ♂ (DTC); 03 – 16. viii. 2014, 1 ♀ (DTC); 16. viii. – 05. ix. 2014, 1 ♂ (DTC); 05 – 19. ix. 2014, 4 ♂ (DTC); 13 – 25. xi. 2014, 1 ♂ 2 ♀ (DTC); 25. xi. – 08. xii. 2014, 1 ♂ 3 ♀ (DTC); (- 00.41564 ° S - 79.00425 ° W), 24. v. – 08. vi. 2014, 2 ♂, pitfall, 2105 m, E. Tapia, C. Tapia, N. Dupérré (DTC); 24. v. – 08. vi. 2014, 1 ♂ (DTC); 08 – 21. vi. 2014, 1 ♂ (QCAZ); 08 – 21. vi. 2014, 2 ♂ (DTC); 03 – 16. viii. 2014, 2 ♂ (QCAZ); 16. viii. – 05. ix. 2014, 7 ♂ 2 ♀ (AMNH); 05 – 19. ix. 2014, 2 ♀ (DTC); (- 00.42261 ° S - 79.5107 ° W), 24. v. – 08. vi. 2014, 4 ♂, pitfall, 2225 m, E. Tapia, C. Tapia, N. Dupérré (DTC); 16. viii – 05. ix. 2014, 2 ♂ (DTC); 13 – 25. xi. 2014, 2 ♀ (DTC); 25. xi. – 08. xii. 2014, 6 ♂ 3 ♀ (DTC). Otonga Biological Reserve, 21. vi. – 02. vii. 2014, 8 ♂, pitfall, E. Tapia, C. Tapia, N. Dupérré (AMNH); 24. v. – 08. vi. 2014, 1 ♀, hand collecting, E. Tapia, C. Tapia, N. Dupérré (AMNH); 24. v. – 08. vi. 2014, 1 ♀, sifting litter, Berlese, E. Tapia, C. Tapia, N. Dupérré (DTC); January 2013, 1 ♀, night collecting, N. Dupérré (DTC).	en	Dupérré, Nadine (2015): Description of a new genus and thirteen new species of Ctenidae (Araneae, Ctenidae) from the Chocó region of Ecuador. Zootaxa 4028 (4): 451-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.4.1
BC6587896A68FFBE7397FDC0FCC63627.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the Spanish language, meaning fog.	en	Dupérré, Nadine (2015): Description of a new genus and thirteen new species of Ctenidae (Araneae, Ctenidae) from the Chocó region of Ecuador. Zootaxa 4028 (4): 451-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.4.1
BC6587896A68FFBE7397FDC0FCC63627.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Males can be distinguished from all species by the ventrally projecting tibial apophysis (Fig. 7). Females are distinguished by the elongated lateral processes of the epigynum, from C. otonga by the triangular median sector of the epigynum (Fig. 8).	en	Dupérré, Nadine (2015): Description of a new genus and thirteen new species of Ctenidae (Araneae, Ctenidae) from the Chocó region of Ecuador. Zootaxa 4028 (4): 451-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.4.1
BC6587896A68FFBE7397FDC0FCC63627.taxon	description	Description. Male (holotype). Total length: 9.2; carapace length: 4.9 carapace width: 4.2; abdomen length: 4.3. COLORATION: As in C. otonga. LEGS: Total length: I: 22.2; II: 22.0; III: 18.0; IV: 24.1. LEGS SPINATION: Femur I p 1 - 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1; tibia I p 1 - 1, r 1, d 1 - 1 - 1; metatarsus I p 1 - 1, r 1 - 1. Femur II p 1 - 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1; tibia II p 1 - 1, r 1 - 1, d 1 - 1 - 1; metatarsus II p 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1. Femur III pl- 1 - 1 -, r 1 - 1 - 1 - 1; tibia III p 1 - 1, r 1 - 1, d 1 - 1 - 1, v 2 - 2 - 2; metatarsus III p 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1, v 2 - 2 - 2. Femur IV pl- 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1; tibia IV p 1 - 1, r 1 - 1, d 1 - 1 - 1, v 2 - 2 - 2; metatarsus IV p 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1, v 1 - 2. GENITALIA: Palpal cymbial keel strong (Fig. 6). Ventral tibial apophysis elongated and curved, projecting ventrally, retrolateral tibial apophysis spine-liked (Figs 6, 7). Tegulum with small retrolateral swelling; median apophysis elongated and curved, very thin medially; conductor lamelliform, hyaline; membranous tegular process hyaline and elongated, reaching embolus tip; embolus base not twisted; embolus thin, originating prolaterally; tip straight (Fig. 6). Female (paratype). Total length: 9.8; carapace length: 4.3; carapace width: 4.1; abdomen length: 5.5. COLORATION: Carapace dark brown, sides dark brown with pattern composed of blackish lines, meshes, and a few white setae in rows, pars cephalica light brown with dark brown v-line and white setae; fovea dark brown (Fig. 56); abdomen and legs as in male but slightly darker. LEGS: Total length: I: 17.0; II: 15.6; III: 14.0; IV: 18.2. LEGS SPINATION: Femur I p 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1; tibia I p 0, r 0, d 0; metatarsus I p 0, r 0. Femur II p 1 - 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1 - 1; tibia II p 0, r 0, d 0; metatarsus II p 0, r 0. Femur III pl- 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1; tibia III p 1 - 1, r 1 - 1, d 1, v 2 - 2 - 2; metatarsus III p 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1, v 2 - 2 - 2. Femur IV pl- 1 - 1 - 1, r 1; tibia IV p 1 - 1, r 1 - 1, d 1 - 1 - 1, v 1 - 1 - 2; metatarsus IV p 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1 - 1, v 1 - 1 - 1 - 2. GENITALIA: Epigynum with triangular median sector, apically with wide unsclerotized sector, slightly concave; lateral processes elongated (Fig. 8). Internal genitalia with copulatory ducts elongated, curved; head of spermathecae oval with an apico-lateral pore, base of spermathecae square; fertilization ducts short (Fig. 9). Natural history. Most specimens where collected in pitfall lines set up between 1997 – 2225 m, a few where also collected on leaves at night or sifting litter. This species inhabit the cloud forest and qualifies as a cloud forest specialist.	en	Dupérré, Nadine (2015): Description of a new genus and thirteen new species of Ctenidae (Araneae, Ctenidae) from the Chocó region of Ecuador. Zootaxa 4028 (4): 451-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.4.1
BC6587896A68FFBE7397FDC0FCC63627.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Only known from the type locality (Fig. 57).	en	Dupérré, Nadine (2015): Description of a new genus and thirteen new species of Ctenidae (Araneae, Ctenidae) from the Chocó region of Ecuador. Zootaxa 4028 (4): 451-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.4.1
BC6587896A6AFFBE7397FE01FCC130B7.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Male holotype from Ecuador, Cotopaxi Province, Otonga Biological Reserve (- 00.41564 ° S - 79.00425 ° W), 08 – 21. vi. 2014, pitfall, 2105 m, E. Tapia, C. Tapia, N. Dupérré (QCAZ). One female paratype from Ecuador, Cotopaxi Province, Otonga Biological Reserve, 08 – 21. vi. 2014, night collecting, E. Tapia, C. Tapia, N. Dupérré (QCAZ). Additional material examined. Ecuador: Cotopaxi Province: Otonga Biological Reserve (- 00.41994 ° S - 79.00623 ° W), 03 – 16. viii. 2014, 1 ♀, pitfall, 1997 m, E. Tapia, C. Tapia, N. Dupérré (DTC); 16. viii. – 05. ix. 2014, 1 ♀, pitfall, 1997 m, E. Tapia, C. Tapia, N. Dupérré (DTC); 05 – 19. ix. 2014, 1 ♀ (DTC); (- 00.41564 ° S - 79.00425 ° W), 24. v. – 08. vi. 2014, pitfall, 2105 m, 3 ♂ 1 ♀, E. Tapia, C. Tapia, N. Dupérré (DTC); 03 – 16. viii. 2014, 3 ♂ (DTC); 03 – 16. viii. 2014, 3 ♀ (AMNH); 13 – 25. xi. 2014, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (DTC); 25. xi. – 08. xii. 2014, 4 ♂ 1 ♀ (DTC); (- 00.42261 ° S - 79.5107 ° W), 24. v. – 08. vi. 2014, 2 ♂, pitfall, 2225 m, E. Tapia, C. Tapia, N. Dupérré (DTC); 08 – 21 vi. 2014, 1 ♂ (DTC); 03 – 16. viii. 2014, 3 ♂ (DTC); 05 – 19. ix. 2014, 1 ♂ (DTC); 19. ix. – 02. x. 2014, 1 ♀ (DTC); 13 – 25. xi. 2014, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (DTC); 25. xi. – 08. xii. 2014, 1 ♂ (DTC). Otonga Biological Reserve, 21. vi. – 02. vii. 2014, 1 ♂, pitfall, E. Tapia, C. Tapia, N. Dupérré (AMNH).	en	Dupérré, Nadine (2015): Description of a new genus and thirteen new species of Ctenidae (Araneae, Ctenidae) from the Chocó region of Ecuador. Zootaxa 4028 (4): 451-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.4.1
BC6587896A6AFFBE7397FE01FCC130B7.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the Spanish language, meaning mountain ridge, where the spiders were collected.	en	Dupérré, Nadine (2015): Description of a new genus and thirteen new species of Ctenidae (Araneae, Ctenidae) from the Chocó region of Ecuador. Zootaxa 4028 (4): 451-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.4.1
BC6587896A6AFFBE7397FE01FCC130B7.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Males are distinguished from all species of the genus by their very short embolus (Fig. 10). Females are distinguished by their heart-shaped median sector of the epigynum, from C. lasdamas by the short, ventrally positioned copulatory openings (Fig. 13).	en	Dupérré, Nadine (2015): Description of a new genus and thirteen new species of Ctenidae (Araneae, Ctenidae) from the Chocó region of Ecuador. Zootaxa 4028 (4): 451-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.4.1
BC6587896A6AFFBE7397FE01FCC130B7.taxon	description	Description. Male (holotype). Total length: 7.9; carapace length: 3.9; carapace width: 5.5; abdomen length: 4.0. COLORATION: Carapace brown, sides dark brown with pattern composed of blackish lines; pars cephalica light brown apically with white setae behind PME and PLE; pars thoracica light brown apically; fovea dark brown (as in C. cappuccino Fig. 20). Abdomen and legs as C. otonga. LEGS: Total length: I: 16.2; II: 15.1; III: 13.1; IV: 17.3. LEGS SPINATION: Femur I p 1 - 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1; tibia I p 1 - 1, r 1 - 1, d 1 - 1 - 1; metatarsus I p 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1. Femur II p 1 - 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1 - 1; tibia II p 1 - 1, r 1 - 1, d 1 - 1 - 1; metatarsus II p 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1. Femur III pl- 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1 - 1; tibia III p 1 - 1, r 1 - 1, d 1 - 1 - 1, v 2 - 2 - 2; metatarsus III p 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1, v 2 - 2 - 2. Femur IV pl- 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1; tibia IV p 1 - 1, r 1 - 1, d 1 - 1 - 1, v 2 - 2 - 2; metatarsus IV p 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1, v 2 - 2 - 2 - 1. GENITALIA: Palpal cymbial keel week (Fig. 10). Ventral tibial apophysis elongated and curved, retrolateral tibial apophysis spine-like (Figs 10, 11). Tegulum oval; median apophysis short and curved; conductor lobed, hyaline; membranous tegular process hyaline, short, not reaching embolus; embolus base not twisted; embolus short and thin, originating prolaterally, slightly enlarged before tip (Fig. 10). Female (paratype). Total length: 8.2; carapace length: 4.1; carapace width: 3.8; abdomen length: 4.1. COLORATION: Carapace and abdomen as in male. Legs orange-brown with 3 black bands on femurs, tibiae and metatarsi. LEGS: Total length: I: 11.5; II: 11.1; III: 10.1; IV: 13.0. LEGS SPINATION: Femur I p 1 - 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1; tibia I p 1, r 1, d 0; metatarsus I p 0, r 0. Femur II p 1 - 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1; tibia II p 0, r 0, d 0; metatarsus II p 0, r 0. Femur III pl- 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1 - 1; tibia III p 1 - 1, r 1 - 1, d 1 - 1, v 2 - 2 - 2; metatarsus III p 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1, v 2 - 2 - 2. Femur IV pl- 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1; tibia IV p 1 - 1, r 1 - 1, d 1 - 1, v 2 - 2 - 2; metatarsus IV p 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1, v 2 - 2 - 2 - 1. GENITALIA: Epigynum with heartshaped median sector, apically without unsclerotized sector, slightly concave; lateral processes short, positioned basally (Fig. 12). Internal genitalia with short, curved copulatory ducts; head of spermathecae rounded with an apico-lateral pore, base of spermathecae triangular; fertilization ducts short (Fig. 13). Natural history. Most specimens where collected in pitfall lines set up between 1997 – 2225 m. This specialist species was only collected in the cloud forest, and qualifies as a cloud forest specialist.	en	Dupérré, Nadine (2015): Description of a new genus and thirteen new species of Ctenidae (Araneae, Ctenidae) from the Chocó region of Ecuador. Zootaxa 4028 (4): 451-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.4.1
BC6587896A6AFFBE7397FE01FCC130B7.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Only known from the type locality (Fig. 57).	en	Dupérré, Nadine (2015): Description of a new genus and thirteen new species of Ctenidae (Araneae, Ctenidae) from the Chocó region of Ecuador. Zootaxa 4028 (4): 451-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.4.1
BC6587896A67FFB37397FF3BFCC13235.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Male holotype from Ecuador, Cotopaxi Province, Otonga Biological Reserve (- 00.41564 ° S - 79.00425 ° W), 08 – 21. vi. 2014, pitfall, 2105 m, E. Tapia, C. Tapia, N. Dupérré, (QCAZ). One female paratype from Otonga Biological Reserve (- 00.41564 ° S - 79.00425 ° W), 24. v. – 08. vi. 2014, 1 ♀, pitfall, 2105 m, E. Tapia, C. Tapia, N. Dupérré (QCAZ). Additional material examined. Ecuador: Cotopaxi Province: Otonga Biological Reserve (- 00.41564 ° S - 79.00425 ° W), 03 – 16. viii. 2014, 1 ♂, pitfall, 2105 m (DTC); 16. viii. – 05. ix. 2014, 1 ♂ (QCAZ); 25. xi. – 08. xii. 2014, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (DTC); (- 00.42261 ° S - 79.5107 ° W), 24. v. – 08. vi. 2014, 4 ♂, pitfall, 2225 m, E. Tapia, C. Tapia, N. Dupérré (AMNH); 08 – 21. vi. 2014, 1 ♀ (DTC); 03 – 16. viii. 2014, 2 ♂ (DTC); 13 – 25. xi. 2014, 1 ♀ (DTC). Otonga Biological Reserve, 21. vi. – 02. vii. 2014, 2 ♂, pitfall, E. Tapia, C. Tapia, N. Dupérré (DTC).	en	Dupérré, Nadine (2015): Description of a new genus and thirteen new species of Ctenidae (Araneae, Ctenidae) from the Chocó region of Ecuador. Zootaxa 4028 (4): 451-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.4.1
BC6587896A67FFB37397FF3BFCC13235.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the Spanish language, meaning ghost.	en	Dupérré, Nadine (2015): Description of a new genus and thirteen new species of Ctenidae (Araneae, Ctenidae) from the Chocó region of Ecuador. Zootaxa 4028 (4): 451-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.4.1
BC6587896A67FFB37397FF3BFCC13235.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Males are distinguished by their straight spatula-liked median apophysis, from C. otongachi by the presence of a tegular retrolateral swelling and from C. suffuscus by the embolus originating prolaterally (Fig. 14) instead of medially as in the later species (Fig. 29). Females are distinguished from all species of the genus by the medium sized, unclerotized apex of median sector, and large hook-shaped lateral processes (Fig. 16).	en	Dupérré, Nadine (2015): Description of a new genus and thirteen new species of Ctenidae (Araneae, Ctenidae) from the Chocó region of Ecuador. Zootaxa 4028 (4): 451-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.4.1
BC6587896A67FFB37397FF3BFCC13235.taxon	description	Description. Male (holotype). Total length: 8.6; carapace length: 4.2; carapace width: 3.6; abdomen length: 4.4. COLORATION: As in C. otonga. LEGS: Total length: I: 24.7; II: 23.3; III: 19.8; IV: 25.1. LEGS SPINATION: Femur I p 1 - 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1; tibia I p 1 - 1, r 1 - 1, d 1 - 1 - 1; metatarsus I p 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1. Femur II p 1 - 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1; tibia II p 1 - 1, r 1 - 1, d 1 - 1 - 1; metatarsus II p 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1 - 1. Femur III pl- 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1 - 1; tibia III p 1 - 1, r 1 - 1, d 1 - 1 - 1, v 2 - 2 - 2; metatarsus III p 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1, v 2 - 2 - 1. Femur IV pl- 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1 - 1; tibia IV p 1 - 1, r 1 - 1, d 1 - 1 - 1, v 2 - 2 - 2; metatarsus IV p 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1, v 2 - 2 - 2 - 1. GENITALIA: Palpal cymbial keel strong (Fig. 14). Ventral tibial apophysis rectangular, short and wide, apically transparent, retrolateral tibial apophysis spine-like (Figs 14, 15). Tegulum with large retrolateral swelling; median apophysis spatula-like; conductor lamelliform, hyaline; membranous tegular process hyaline, elongated and with a dark spot basally; embolus base not twisted; embolus thin, originating prolaterally; tip with small excavation (Fig. 14). Female (paratype). Total length: 9.9; carapace length: 4.7; carapace width: 3.8: abdomen length: 5.2. COLORATION: As in male, slightly darker. LEGS: All legs missing. GENITALIA: Epigynum with rounded median sector, apically with medium sized unsclerotized region, slightly concave; lateral processes short, hookshaped and positioned basally (Fig. 16). Internal genitalia with elongated and curved copulatory ducts; spermathecae oval with an apical pore; fertilization ducts short (Fig. 17). Natural history. All specimens where collected in the pitfall lines set up between 2105 – 2225 m, therefore inhabiting the cloud forest and qualifies as a cloud forest specialist.	en	Dupérré, Nadine (2015): Description of a new genus and thirteen new species of Ctenidae (Araneae, Ctenidae) from the Chocó region of Ecuador. Zootaxa 4028 (4): 451-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.4.1
BC6587896A67FFB37397FF3BFCC13235.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Only known from the type locality (Fig. 57).	en	Dupérré, Nadine (2015): Description of a new genus and thirteen new species of Ctenidae (Araneae, Ctenidae) from the Chocó region of Ecuador. Zootaxa 4028 (4): 451-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.4.1
BC6587896A67FFB57397FA13FCC6365F.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Male holotype from Ecuador, Cotopaxi Province, Otonga Biological Reserve (- 00.41564 ° S - 79.00425 ° W), 03 – 16. viii. 2014, pitfall, 2105 m, E. Tapia, C. Tapia, N. Dupérré (QCAZ). Additional material examined. Ecuador: Cotopaxi Province: Otonga Biological Reserve (- 00.41994 ° S - 79.00623 ° W), 16. viii. – 05. ix. 2014, 1 ♂, pitfall, 1997 m, E. Tapia, C. Tapia, N. Dupérré (QCAZ); 05 – 19. ix. 2014, 1 ♂ (DTC); 13 – 25. xi. 2014, 1 ♂ (DTC); 25. xi. – 08. xii. 2014, 2 ♂ (DTC); (- 00.41564 ° S - 79.00425 ° W), 16. viii. – 05. ix. 2014, 2 ♂, pitfall, 2105 m, E. Tapia, C. Tapia, N. Dupérré (DTC); 25. xi. – 08. xii. 2014, 1 ♂ (DTC).	en	Dupérré, Nadine (2015): Description of a new genus and thirteen new species of Ctenidae (Araneae, Ctenidae) from the Chocó region of Ecuador. Zootaxa 4028 (4): 451-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.4.1
BC6587896A67FFB57397FA13FCC6365F.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name is a patronym in honour of Mr. Ted Waitt for his support of scientific research through the National Geographic Waitt-grant program.	en	Dupérré, Nadine (2015): Description of a new genus and thirteen new species of Ctenidae (Araneae, Ctenidae) from the Chocó region of Ecuador. Zootaxa 4028 (4): 451-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.4.1
BC6587896A67FFB57397FA13FCC6365F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Males are distinguished by their inverse S-shaped median apophysis (Fig. 18).	en	Dupérré, Nadine (2015): Description of a new genus and thirteen new species of Ctenidae (Araneae, Ctenidae) from the Chocó region of Ecuador. Zootaxa 4028 (4): 451-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.4.1
BC6587896A67FFB57397FA13FCC6365F.taxon	description	Description. Male (holotype). Total length: 8.2; carapace length: 4.1; carapace width: 3.5; abdomen length: 4.1. COLORATION: Carapace as in C. cuchilla. Legs light orange with femurs bearing three black bands. Abdomen with pale median band and dark marks dorso-laterally. LEGS: Total length: I: 21.0; II: 20.8; III: 17.9; IV: 22.3. LEGS SPINATION: Femur I p 1 - 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1; tibia I p 1 - 1, r 1 - 1, d 1 - 1 - 1; metatarsus I p 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1. Femur II p 1 - 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1; tibia II p 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1, d 1 - 1 - 1; metatarsus II p 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1. Femur III pl- 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1 - 1; tibia III p 1 - 1, r 1 - 1, d 1 - 1 - 1, v 2 - 2 - 2; metatarsus III p 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1, v 1 - 0 - 2. Femur IV pl- 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1; tibia IV p 1 - 1, r 1 - 1, d 1 - 1 - 1, v 2 - 2 - 2; metatarsus IV p 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1, v 1 - 1 - 2. GENITALIA: Palpal cymbial keel strong (Fig. 18). Ventral tibial apophysis wide, rectangular, apically transparent, retrolateral tibial apophysis spine-like (Figs 18, 19). Tegulum with week swelling; median apophysis inverse S-shaped; conductor lamelliform, hyaline, folded apically; membranous tegular process hyaline, elongated, wide, with dark spot basally; embolus base not twisted; embolus wide, originating prolaterally; tip straight (Fig. 18). Female. Unknown. Natural history. Specimens where collected in pitfall lines set up between 1997 – 2225 m and therefore can be identified as a cloud forest specialist.	en	Dupérré, Nadine (2015): Description of a new genus and thirteen new species of Ctenidae (Araneae, Ctenidae) from the Chocó region of Ecuador. Zootaxa 4028 (4): 451-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.4.1
BC6587896A67FFB57397FA13FCC6365F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Only known from the type locality (Fig. 57).	en	Dupérré, Nadine (2015): Description of a new genus and thirteen new species of Ctenidae (Araneae, Ctenidae) from the Chocó region of Ecuador. Zootaxa 4028 (4): 451-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.4.1
BC6587896A61FFB57397FEC3FC20310D.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Male holotype from Ecuador, Cotopaxi Province, Otonga Biological Reserve (- 00.41433 ° S - 79.00035 ° W), 24. v. – 08. vi. 2014, pitfall, 1888 m, E. Tapia, C. Tapia, N. Dupérré (QCAZ). One female paratype, same data (QCAZ). Additional material examined. Ecuador: Cotopaxi Province: Otonga Biological Reserve (- 00.41433 ° S - 79.00035 ° W), 08 – 21. vi. 2014, 1 ♀, pitfall, 1888 m, E. Tapia, C. Tapia, N. Dupérré (DTC); 25. xi – 08. xii. 2014, 1 ♂ (DTC). Los Ríos Province: Centro Científico Río Palenque (CCRP), 22. xi. 1981, 1 ♂, pitfall, Bosque secundario cerrado, S. Sandoval (QCAZ); Centro Científico Río Palenque (CCRP), 1 ♀, 19. ix. 1979, S. Sandoval (QCAZ).	en	Dupérré, Nadine (2015): Description of a new genus and thirteen new species of Ctenidae (Araneae, Ctenidae) from the Chocó region of Ecuador. Zootaxa 4028 (4): 451-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.4.1
BC6587896A61FFB57397FEC3FC20310D.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the Italian language in reference to the colour of the spider, which resembles the colour of the Capuchin friars clothing.	en	Dupérré, Nadine (2015): Description of a new genus and thirteen new species of Ctenidae (Araneae, Ctenidae) from the Chocó region of Ecuador. Zootaxa 4028 (4): 451-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.4.1
BC6587896A61FFB57397FEC3FC20310D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Male and females are characterized by their carapace colour pattern (Fig. 20). Furthermore males are distinguished from all species by their wide and curved apex of embolus (Fig. 21). Females are diagnosed by the elliptical median sector of epigynum, from C. fantasma and C. kashakara by the very narrow unsclerotized apical sector, from C. suffuscus by the apparent lateral processes, and from C. otongachi by the more basally positioned lateral processes (Fig. 23).	en	Dupérré, Nadine (2015): Description of a new genus and thirteen new species of Ctenidae (Araneae, Ctenidae) from the Chocó region of Ecuador. Zootaxa 4028 (4): 451-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.4.1
BC6587896A61FFB57397FEC3FC20310D.taxon	description	Description. Male (holotype). Total length: 4.8; carapace length: 2.3; carapace width: 1.9; abdomen length: 2.5. COLORATION: Carapace brown, sides dark brown with pattern composed of blackish lines; pars cephalica light brown apically with white setae behind PME and PLE; pars thoracica light brown apically; fovea dark brown (Fig. 20). Sternum yellow, endites and labium light orange-brown. Chelicerae light brown with two black stripes. Abdomen damaged. LEGS: All legs missing. GENITALIA: Palpal cymbial keel strong (Fig. 21). Ventral tibial apophysis triangular, apically transparent, retrolateral tibial apophysis short, spine-like, tip bent (Figs 21, 22). Tegulum oval; median apophysis short, basally larger; conductor lamelliform, hyaline, folded apically; membranous tegular process hyaline, elongated, wide, folded apically with apical dark spot; embolus base not twisted; embolus wide, originating prolaterally, tip sinuous (Fig. 21). Female (paratype). Total length: 6.2; carapace length: 3.0; carapace width: 2.1; abdomen length: 3.2. COLORATION: As in male. LEGS: All legs missing. GENITALIA: Epigynum with elliptical median sector, apically with very narrow unsclerotized region, flat; lateral processes short, hook-shaped and positioned basally (Fig. 23). Internal genitalia with elongated and curved copulatory ducts; head of spermathecae oval with an apical pore; base of spermathecae small; fertilization ducts short (Fig. 24). Natural history. Specimens where collected in the pitfall line set up at 1888 m, inhabiting the low evergreen montane forest, other specimens were collected at Centro Científico Río Palenque, at an elevation of 220 m in a low evergreen forest.	en	Dupérré, Nadine (2015): Description of a new genus and thirteen new species of Ctenidae (Araneae, Ctenidae) from the Chocó region of Ecuador. Zootaxa 4028 (4): 451-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.4.1
BC6587896A61FFB57397FEC3FC20310D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Ecuador: Cotopaxi and Los Ríos Provinces (Fig. 57).	en	Dupérré, Nadine (2015): Description of a new genus and thirteen new species of Ctenidae (Araneae, Ctenidae) from the Chocó region of Ecuador. Zootaxa 4028 (4): 451-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.4.1
BC6587896A61FFB67397F93BFB243272.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Male holotype from Ecuador, Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, Otonga Biological Reserve, Las Damas (- 00.39506 ° S - 78.98100 ° W), 23. vii. – 05. viii. 2014, pitfall, 1209 m, E. Tapia, C. Tapia, N. Dupérré (QCAZ). Two female paratypes from Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, Otonga Biological Reserve, Las Damas (- 00.39506 ° S - 78.98100 ° W), 05 – 16. viii. 2014, 2 ♀, pitfall, 1209 m, E. Tapia, C. Tapia, N. Dupérré (QCAZ). Additional material examined. Ecuador: Cotopaxi Province: Otonga (- 00 ° 25 ’ S - 79 ° 00 ’ W) 02. viii. 1997, 1 ♂, pasture, 1 ♂, cane sugar, I. Tapia, P. Ponce (QCAZ); San Francisco de las Pampas, Casa César Tapia (- 00.42413 ° S - 78.95719 ° W), vi – viii. 2013, 2 ♂ 1 ♀, 1426 m, E. Tapia, C. Tapia (DTC). Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas: Otonga Biological Station, Las Damas (- 00.39506 ° S - 78.98100 ° W), 28. vi. – 12. vii. 2014, 8 ♀, pitfall, 1209 m, E. Tapia, N. Dupérré (DTC); 12 – 23. vii. 2014, 7 ♂ 4 ♀ (DTC); 23. vii. – 05. viii. 2014, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (DTC); 05 – 16. viii. 2014, 6 ♂ (DTC); 16. viii. – 03. ix. 2014, 8 ♂ 2 ♀ (AMNH).	en	Dupérré, Nadine (2015): Description of a new genus and thirteen new species of Ctenidae (Araneae, Ctenidae) from the Chocó region of Ecuador. Zootaxa 4028 (4): 451-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.4.1
BC6587896A61FFB67397F93BFB243272.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality, Las Damas, in Otonga Biological Reserve.	en	Dupérré, Nadine (2015): Description of a new genus and thirteen new species of Ctenidae (Araneae, Ctenidae) from the Chocó region of Ecuador. Zootaxa 4028 (4): 451-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.4.1
BC6587896A61FFB67397F93BFB243272.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Males are distinguished by their unique median apophysis with strong pointed projection basally (Figs 25, 26). Females are distinguished by the heart-shaped median sector of their epigynum (Fig. 27), from C. cuchilla by the copulatory openings positioned laterally (Fig. 28), rather than ventrally as in the later species (Fig. 12).	en	Dupérré, Nadine (2015): Description of a new genus and thirteen new species of Ctenidae (Araneae, Ctenidae) from the Chocó region of Ecuador. Zootaxa 4028 (4): 451-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.4.1
BC6587896A61FFB67397F93BFB243272.taxon	description	Description. Male (holotype). Total length: 8.0; carapace length: 4.0; carapace width: 3.2; abdomen length: 4.0. COLORATION: Carapace as in C. cappuccino. Legs light orange-brown with black band apically on femora, tibiae and metatarsi. Abdomen with pale median band wide, dark brown with spatulate white setae in cluster, apically reddish-brown. LEGS: Total length: I: 17.0; II: 16.9; III: 15.0; IV: 18.1. LEGS SPINATION: Femur I p 1 - 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1; tibia I p 1 - 1, r 1 - 1, d 1 - 1 - 1; metatarsus I p 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1. Femur II p 1 - 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1; tibia II p 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1, d 1 - 1 - 1; metatarsus II p 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1. Femur III pl- 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1 - 1; tibia III p 1 - 1, r 1 - 1, d 1 - 1 - 1, v 2 - 2 - 2; metatarsus III p 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1, v 2 - 2 - 2. Femur IV pl- 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1 - 1; tibia IV p 1 - 1, r 1 - 1, d 1 - 1 - 1, v 2 - 2 - 2; metatarsus IV p 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1, v 1 - 1 - 1 - 2. GENITALIA: Palpal cymbial keel strong (Fig. 25). Ventral tibial apophysis wide, rectangular, apically dark, retrolateral tibial apophysis wide, spine-like (Figs 25, 26). Tegulum oval; median apophysis short, basally with strong projection; conductor lamelliform, hyaline, folded apically; membranous tegular process hyaline, elongated, wide, with apical dark spot; embolus base not twisted; embolus wide, originating prolaterally, tip straight (Fig. 25). Female (paratype). Total length: 7.9; carapace length: 4.0; carapace width: 3.4; abdome length: 3.9. COLORATION: As in male. LEGS: Total length: I: 11.1; II: 11.0; III: 10.4; IV: 12.5. LEGS SPINATION: Femur I p 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1; tibia I p 0, r 0, d 0; metatarsus I p 0, r 0. Femur II p 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1; tibia II p 0, r 1, d 0; metatarsus II p 0, r 0. Femur III pl- 1 - 1 -, r 1 - 1 - 1 - 1; tibia III p 1 - 1, r 1 - 1, d 1 - 1 - 1, v 2 - 2 - 2; metatarsus III p 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1, v 2 - 2 - 2. Femur IV pl- 1 - 1, r 1 - 1; tibia IV p 1 - 1, r 1 - 1, d 1 - 1 - 1, v 2 - 2 - 2; metatarsus IV p 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1, v 0 - 0 - 0 - 1. GENITALIA: Epigynum with heart-shaped median sector, apically with narrow unsclerotized sector, slightly concave; lateral processes short, positioned basally (Fig. 27). Internal genitalia with elongated and curved copulatory ducts; head of spermathecae oval, base of spermathecae triangular; fertilization ducts short (Fig. 28). Natural history. Specimens where collected in the pitfall lines set up at 1209 m, in Las Damas, the North side of Otonga Biological Reserve, and in San Francisco de las Pampas, at 1426 m, therefore inhabiting the premontane evergreen forest and the low evergreen montane forest.	en	Dupérré, Nadine (2015): Description of a new genus and thirteen new species of Ctenidae (Araneae, Ctenidae) from the Chocó region of Ecuador. Zootaxa 4028 (4): 451-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.4.1
BC6587896A61FFB67397F93BFB243272.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Ecuador: Cotopaxi and Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas Provinces (Fig. 57).	en	Dupérré, Nadine (2015): Description of a new genus and thirteen new species of Ctenidae (Araneae, Ctenidae) from the Chocó region of Ecuador. Zootaxa 4028 (4): 451-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.4.1
BC6587896A62FFA87397FA28FAA03352.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Male holotype from Ecuador, Pichincha Province, La Unión del Toachi, Centro de Educación Ambiental Otongachi, 03. iv. 2015, night collecting, E. Tapia (QCAZ). Two female paratypes, same data (QCAZ). Additional material examined. Ecuador: Cotopaxi Province: San Francisco de Las Pampas (- 00 º 25 ’ 16 ’’ S - 78 º 57 ’ 04 ’’ W), 27. iii. 1997, 1 ♂, 1500 m, I. Tapia, P. Ponce (QCAZ); San Francisco de las Pampas, Casa César Tapia (- 00.42413 ° S - 78.95719 ° W), vi – viii. 2013, 3 ♂ 2 ♀, 1426 m, C. Tapia, C. Tapia (QCAZ); 10. v. 2003, 2 ♂, malaise trap, Toronche (QCAZ); 01. xii. 1995, 1 ♀, 1500 m, M. Carrera (QCAZ). Pichincha Province: La Unión del Toachi, Centro de Educación Ambiental Otongachi, vii. 2014, 3 ♀, hand collecting, N. Dupérré (DTC): 25. ii. 2015, 2 ♀, night collecting, E. Tapia, N. Dupérré (DTC); Maquipucuna (0 º 2 ’ 30.5 ’’ N 78 º 39 ’ 53.2 ’’ W), 03. xi. 2013, 1487 m, L. Jaramillo (QCAZ). Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas Province: Otonga Biological Station, Las Damas (- 00.39506 ° S 78.98100 ° W), 28. vi. – 12. vii. 2014, 3 ♀, pitfall, 1209 m, E. Tapia, N. Dupérré (DTC); 28. vi. – 12. vii. 2014, 4 ♂ (DTC); 28. vi. – 12. vii. 2014, 4 ♂ (DTC); 12 – 23. vii. 2014, 3 ♂ 2 ♀ (DTC); 23. vii. – 05. viii. 2014, 3 ♀ (DTC); 23. vii. – 05. viii. 2014, 8 ♂ (DTC); 23. vii. – 05. viii. 2014, 3 ♀ (DTC); 05 – 16. viii. 2014, 3 ♂ (DTC); 05 – 16. viii. 2014, 2 ♀ (DTC); 16. viii. – 08. ix. 2014, 8 ♂ 3 ♀ (AMNH).	en	Dupérré, Nadine (2015): Description of a new genus and thirteen new species of Ctenidae (Araneae, Ctenidae) from the Chocó region of Ecuador. Zootaxa 4028 (4): 451-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.4.1
BC6587896A62FFA87397FA28FAA03352.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name is a Latin adjective in apposition, meaning brown.	en	Dupérré, Nadine (2015): Description of a new genus and thirteen new species of Ctenidae (Araneae, Ctenidae) from the Chocó region of Ecuador. Zootaxa 4028 (4): 451-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.4.1
BC6587896A62FFA87397FA28FAA03352.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Males are distinguished by their straight, spatula-like median apophysis (Fig. 29), from C. fantasma by the embolus originating medially and from C. otongachi by presence of a retrolateral tegular swelling (Fig. 29). Females are diagnosed by the narrow apex of the median sector of the epigynum and small, inconspicuous lateral processes (Fig. 31).	en	Dupérré, Nadine (2015): Description of a new genus and thirteen new species of Ctenidae (Araneae, Ctenidae) from the Chocó region of Ecuador. Zootaxa 4028 (4): 451-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.4.1
BC6587896A62FFA87397FA28FAA03352.taxon	description	Description. Male (holotype). Total length: 8.9; carapace length: 4.6; carapace width: 3.9; abdomen length: 4.3. COLORATION: As in C. otonga. LEGS: Total length: I: 26.0; II: 25.1; III: 20.1; IV: 26.4. LEGS SPINATION: Femur I p 1 - 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1 - 1; tibia I p 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1, d 1 - 1 - 1; metatarsus I p 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1. Femur II p 1 - 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1 - 1; tibia II p 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1, d 1 - 1 - 1; metatarsus II p 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1. Femur III pl- 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1 - 1; tibia III p 1 - 1, r 1 - 1, d 1 - 1 - 1, v 2 - 2 - 2; metatarsus III p 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1, v 2 - 2 - 2. Femur IV pl- 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1; tibia IV p 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1, d 1 - 1 - 1, v 2 - 2 - 2; metatarsus IV p 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1 - 1, v 1 - 1 - 1 - 1. GENITALIA: Palpal cymbial keel strong (Fig. 29). Ventral tibial apophysis rectangular, apically transparent, retrolateral tibial apophysis short, spine-like (Figs 29, 30). Tegulum with large retrolateral swelling; median apophysis elongated, spatula-like; conductor lamelliform, hyaline, folded apically; membranous tegular process hyaline, elongated, wide, with apical dark spot; embolus base not twisted; embolus thin, originating medially, tip straight (Fig. 29). Female (paratype). Total length: 11.0; carapace length: 6.0; carapace width: 3.9; abdomen lenght: 5.0. COLORATION: As in male, slightly darker. LEGS: Total length: I: 18.9; II: 18.1; III: 16.3; IV: 19.7. LEGS SPINATION: Femur I p 1 - 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1; tibia I p 0, r 1, d 0; metatarsus I p 0, r 0. Femur II p 1 - 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1 - 1; tibia II p 0, r 1, d 0; metatarsus II p 0, r 0. Femur III pl- 1 - 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1 - 1; tibia III p 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1, d 1 - 1, v 2 - 2 - 2; metatarsus III p 1 - 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1 - 1, v 2 - 2 - 2. Femur IV pl- 1 - 1, r 1 - 1; tibia IV p 1 - 1, r 1 - 1, d 1 - 1, v 2 - 2 - 2; metatarsus IV p 1 - 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1 - 1, v 1 - 1 - 1 - 1. GENITALIA: Epigynum with elliptical median sector, apically with narrow unsclerotized sector, flat; lateral processes small, positioned medially (Fig. 31). Internal genitalia with elongated and curved copulatory ducts; spermathecae oval; fertilization ducts short (Fig. 32). Natural history. Specimens were hand collected at three different localities, in the premontane evergreen forest and in the low evergreen montane forest, between 800 – 1500 m.	en	Dupérré, Nadine (2015): Description of a new genus and thirteen new species of Ctenidae (Araneae, Ctenidae) from the Chocó region of Ecuador. Zootaxa 4028 (4): 451-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.4.1
BC6587896A62FFA87397FA28FAA03352.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Ecuador: Cotopaxi, Pichincha and Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas Provinces (Fig. 57).	en	Dupérré, Nadine (2015): Description of a new genus and thirteen new species of Ctenidae (Araneae, Ctenidae) from the Chocó region of Ecuador. Zootaxa 4028 (4): 451-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.4.1
BC6587896A7CFFAA7397FBC8FAAB3377.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Male holotype from Ecuador, Pichincha Province, La Unión del Toachi, Centro de Educación Ambiental Otongachi, 03. iv. 2015, night collecting, E. Tapia (QCAZ). One female paratype, same data (QCAZ). Additional material examined. Ecuador: Cotopaxi Province: San Francisco de Las Pampas (- 00 º 25 ’ 005 ’’ S - 78 º 55 ’ 00 ’’ W), 01. iv. 2007, 1 ♀, 1500 m, G. Onore (QCAZ). Los Ríos Province: Centro Científico Río Palenque (CCRP), Colección MAB, UNESCO, 29. xii. 1990, 4 ♂, 24. xii. 1980, 1 ♀, 27. xii. 1990, 2 ♂ 1 ♀, Bosque primario, S. Sandoval (QCAZ); 02. iii. 1979, 1 ♂; 05. iii. 1979, 2 ♂, Bosque 1 cuadrante abierto, T. DeVries (QCAZ); Centro Científico Río Palenque (CCRP), 15. ix. 1979, 1 ♂ 3 ♀, T. DeVries (QCAZ); Río Palenque, 05. ix. 1976, 1 ♀ (QCAZ); 24 - 27. ii. 1977, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 02. iii. 1977, 1 ♂ 3 ♀, T. DeVries (QCAZ); Centro Científico Río Palenque (CCRP) (00 º 54 ’ S 79 º 00 W), 02. iii. 1977, 1 ♂, 27. ii. 1977, 1 ♀, ix. 1976, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 03. ix. 1976, 2 ♂, 24. ii. 1977, 1 ♂, 27. ii. 1977, 3 ♂ 3 ♀, 02. ix. 1977, 1 ♂, 04. iii. 1979, 1 ♀, 02. ii. 1977, 1 ♂ 2 ♀, 220 m, T. DeVries (QCAZ); 07. iii. 1979, 1 ♂ 5 ♀; 16. ii. 1980, 1 ♀, Bosque primario, S. Sandoval (QCAZ); Centro Científico Río Palenque (CCRP), 12. ix. 1979, 3 ♂ 8 ♀, pitfall, cacao, S. Sandoval (QCAZ). Pichincha Province: La Unión del Toachi, Centro de Educación Ambiental Otongachi, 10. ix. 2013, 10 ♀, sifting litter, N. Dupérré, E. Tapia (DTC); xii. 2012, 1 ♂, hand collecting, N. Dupérré (DTC); 27. xii. 2014, 1 ♂ 5 ♀, sifting litter, N. Dupérré, E. Tapia (DTC); La Unión del Toachi (- 00.31383 ºS - 78.95441 ºW), 20. xi. 2003, 880 m, 4 ♂ 1 ♀, malaise trap, G. Onore (QCAZ). Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas Province: Santo Domingo, 02. xi. 1989, 1 ♂, G. Quezada (QCAZ).	en	Dupérré, Nadine (2015): Description of a new genus and thirteen new species of Ctenidae (Araneae, Ctenidae) from the Chocó region of Ecuador. Zootaxa 4028 (4): 451-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.4.1
BC6587896A7CFFAA7397FBC8FAAB3377.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality, Otongachi Biological Reserve.	en	Dupérré, Nadine (2015): Description of a new genus and thirteen new species of Ctenidae (Araneae, Ctenidae) from the Chocó region of Ecuador. Zootaxa 4028 (4): 451-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.4.1
BC6587896A7CFFAA7397FBC8FAAB3377.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Males and females are diagnosed by their carapace colour pattern (Fig. 33); furthermore they are distinguished from C. acanthoctenoides and C. miserabilis by their obvious smaller size. Males are distinguished from all species by the excavated membranous tegular process (Fig. 34). Females are diagnosed by their small apex of median sector, from C. suffuscus by the medially positioned lateral processes (Fig. 36).	en	Dupérré, Nadine (2015): Description of a new genus and thirteen new species of Ctenidae (Araneae, Ctenidae) from the Chocó region of Ecuador. Zootaxa 4028 (4): 451-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.4.1
BC6587896A7CFFAA7397FBC8FAAB3377.taxon	description	Description. Male (holotype). Total length: 3.3; carapace length: 1.7; carapace width: 1.0; abdomen length: 1.6. COLORATION: Carapace yellow, sides blackish with pattern composed of blackish lines; pars cephalica light yellow apically; pars thoracica light yellow apically; fovea dark brown (Fig. 33). Sternum light yellow, endites and labium light yellow. Chelicerae light brown with two black stripes. Abdomen dark brown with tinge of reddishbrown, with pale, half length median band, covered by long black setae, long white setae and spatulate white setae in cluster. Legs orange-brown, with two black bands on femora, tibiae and metatarsi. LEGS: Total length: I: 8.4; II: 8.0; III: 7.2; IV: 9.0. LEGS SPINATION: Femur I p 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1; tibia I p 1 - 1, r 1, d 1; metatarsus I p 1 - 1, r 1. Femur II p 1 - 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1; tibia II p 1 - 1, r 1, d 1 - 1; metatarsus II p 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1. Femur III pl- 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1 - 1; tibia III p 1 - 1, r 1 - 1, d 1 - 1, v 2 - 2 - 2; metatarsus III p 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1, v 2 - 2 - 2. Femur IV pl- 1 - 1 -, r 1; tibia IV p 1 - 1, r 1 - 1, d 1, v 2 - 2 - 2; metatarsus IV p 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1, v 1 - 1 - 1 - 1. GENITALIA: Palpal cymbial keel strong (Fig. 34). Ventral tibial apophysis rounded, apically transparent, retrolateral tibial apophysis spine-like (Figs 34, 35). Tegulum oval; median apophysis elongated, straight; conductor lamelliform, hyaline, folded apically; membranous tegular process hyaline, elongated, with apical dark spot and concave; embolus base not twisted; embolus thin, originating retrolaterally, tip elongated with a triangular pre-apical extension (Fig. 34). Female (paratype). Total length: 4.2; carapace length: 2.2; carapace width: 1.0; abdomen length: 2.0. COLORATION: As in male, slightly darker. LEGS: Total length: I: 7.3; II: 7.0; III: 6.9; IV: 8.0. LEGS SPINATION: Femur I p 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1; tibia I p 0, r 0, d 0; metatarsus I p 0, r 0. Femur II p 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1 - 1; tibia II p 1, r 0, d 0; metatarsus II p 0, r 0. Femur III pl- 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1 - 1; tibia III p 1 - 1, r 1 - 1, d 1 - 1, v 2 - 2 - 2; metatarsus III p 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1, v 2 - 2 - 1. Femur IV pl 0, r 1; tibia IV p 1 - 1, r 1 - 1, d 1 - 1 - 1, v 2 - 2 - 2; metatarsus IV p 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1 - 1, v 2 - 2 - 2 - 1. GENITALIA: Epigynum with elliptical median sector, apically with narrow unsclerotized sector, flat; lateral processes short, positioned medially (Fig. 36). Internal genitalia with elongated and curved copulatory ducts; spermathecae oval with apico-lateral pore; fertilization ducts short (Fig. 37). Natural history. Most specimens where collected by sifting litter in a premontane evergreen forest at an altitude between 800 – 1300 m, other specimens were collected at the Centro Científico Río Palenque, at an elevation of 220 m in a lowland evergreen forest.	en	Dupérré, Nadine (2015): Description of a new genus and thirteen new species of Ctenidae (Araneae, Ctenidae) from the Chocó region of Ecuador. Zootaxa 4028 (4): 451-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.4.1
BC6587896A7CFFAA7397FBC8FAAB3377.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Ecuador: Cotopaxi, Los Ríos and Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas Provinces (Fig. 57).	en	Dupérré, Nadine (2015): Description of a new genus and thirteen new species of Ctenidae (Araneae, Ctenidae) from the Chocó region of Ecuador. Zootaxa 4028 (4): 451-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.4.1
BC6587896A7EFFAC7397FB2BFCC6355A.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Male holotype from Ecuador, Cotopaxi Province, Otonga Biological Reserve (- 00.42261 ° S - 79.5107 ° W), 16. viii. – 05. ix. 2014, pitfall, 2225 m, E. Tapia, C. Tapia, N. Dupérré (QCAZ). One female paratype from Ecuador, Cotopaxi Province, Otonga Biological Reserve, 24. v. – 08. vi. 2014, hand collecting, E. Tapia, C. Tapia, N. Dupérré (QCAZ). Additional material examined. Ecuador: Cotopaxi Province: Otonga Biological Reserve (- 00.42261 ° S - 79.5107 ° W), 24. v. – 08. vi. 2014, 1 ♀, pitfall, 2225 m, E. Tapia, C. Tapia, N. Dupérré (DTC); 19. ix. – 02. x. 2014, 1 ♂ (DTC). Otonga Biological Reserve, 21. vi. – 02. vii. 2014, 1 ♂, pitfall, E. Tapia, C. Tapia, N. Dupérré (DTC); Otonga (- 00 ° 25 ’ S - 79 ° 00 ’ W), 09. viii. 1997, 1 ♂, 2000 m, I. Tapia, P. Ponce (QCAZ).	en	Dupérré, Nadine (2015): Description of a new genus and thirteen new species of Ctenidae (Araneae, Ctenidae) from the Chocó region of Ecuador. Zootaxa 4028 (4): 451-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.4.1
BC6587896A7EFFAC7397FB2BFCC6355A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the Kichwa language referring to the typical tree found in the cloud forest (Lauraceae, genus Ocotea).	en	Dupérré, Nadine (2015): Description of a new genus and thirteen new species of Ctenidae (Araneae, Ctenidae) from the Chocó region of Ecuador. Zootaxa 4028 (4): 451-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.4.1
BC6587896A7EFFAC7397FB2BFCC6355A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Males are diagnosed by their unique median apophysis with strong projection basally (Fig. 38); from C. lasdamas by their wide embolus base (Fig. 38) narrow in the later species (Fig. 25). Females are distinguished from all species of the genus by the medially positioned lateral processes and from C. otongachi by their medium sized unsclerotized sector (Fig. 40).	en	Dupérré, Nadine (2015): Description of a new genus and thirteen new species of Ctenidae (Araneae, Ctenidae) from the Chocó region of Ecuador. Zootaxa 4028 (4): 451-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.4.1
BC6587896A7EFFAC7397FB2BFCC6355A.taxon	description	Description. Male (holotype). Carapace length: 4.1; carapace width: 3.7. COLORATION: Unknown, in bad shape. LEGS: All legs missing. GENITALIA: Palpal cymbial keel strong (Fig. 38). Ventral tibial apophysis elongated, thumb-shaped, apically transparent, retrolateral tibial apophysis wide basally, spine-like (Figs 38, 39). Tegulum oval; median apophysis with large projection basally; conductor lamelliform, short, hyaline; membranous tegular process hyaline, short, hidden; embolus base wide, not twisted; embolus wide basally, originating prolaterally, tip pointed (Fig. 38). Female (paratype). Total length: 9.3; carapace length: 4.7; carapace width: 3.3; abdomen length: 4.6. COLORATION: Carapace as in C. cappuccino. Legs with numerous black marks. Abdomen as in C. otonga. LEGS: Total length: I: 13.1; II: 12.5; III: 11.9; IV: 15.1. LEGS SPINATION: Femur I p 1, r 1 - 1; tibia I p 0, r 1, d 0; metatarsus I p 0, r 0. Femur II p 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1; tibia II p 0, r 1, d 0; metatarsus II p 0, r 0. Femur III pl- 1 - 1 - 1, r 1; tibia III p 1 - 1, r 1 - 1, d 1 - 1, v 2 - 2 - 2; metatarsus III p 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1, v 2 - 2 - 1. Femur IV pl- 1 - 1, r 1 - 1; tibia IV p 1 - 1, r 1 - 1, d 1 - 1, v 2 - 2 - 2; metatarsus IV p 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1, v 2 - 2 - 2 - 1. GENITALIA: Epigynum with elliptical median sector, apically with medium sized unsclerotized sector, flat; lateral processes short, positioned medially (Fig. 40). Internal genitalia with elongated and curved copulatory ducts; spermathecae oval, with apical pore; fertilization ducts short (Fig. 41). Natural history. Specimens were collected in pitfalls placed at 2225 m, at the top of the cloud forest, and hand collected at an elevation of 2000 m, therefore they can be identified as cloud forest specialist.	en	Dupérré, Nadine (2015): Description of a new genus and thirteen new species of Ctenidae (Araneae, Ctenidae) from the Chocó region of Ecuador. Zootaxa 4028 (4): 451-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.4.1
BC6587896A7EFFAC7397FB2BFCC6355A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Only known from the type locality (Fig. 57).	en	Dupérré, Nadine (2015): Description of a new genus and thirteen new species of Ctenidae (Araneae, Ctenidae) from the Chocó region of Ecuador. Zootaxa 4028 (4): 451-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.4.1
BC6587896A78FFAC7397FDC0FB8C3235.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Male holotype from Ecuador, Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, Otonga Biological Reserve, Las Damas (- 00.39506 ° S - 78.98100 ° W), 23. vii. – 05. viii. 2014, pitfall, 1209 m, E. Tapia, C. Tapia, N. Dupérré (QCAZ). Additional material examined. Ecuador: Santo Domingo de las Tsáchilas Province: Las Palmeras (- 0.35139 ° S - 78.95028 ° W) 1 ♂, 26. ix. 2010, 1150 m, J. Cobo (QCAZ).	en	Dupérré, Nadine (2015): Description of a new genus and thirteen new species of Ctenidae (Araneae, Ctenidae) from the Chocó region of Ecuador. Zootaxa 4028 (4): 451-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.4.1
BC6587896A78FFAC7397FDC0FB8C3235.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the Spanish language, meaning the type of forest where the spider occur, premontane forest.	en	Dupérré, Nadine (2015): Description of a new genus and thirteen new species of Ctenidae (Araneae, Ctenidae) from the Chocó region of Ecuador. Zootaxa 4028 (4): 451-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.4.1
BC6587896A78FFAC7397FDC0FB8C3235.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Males are distinguished by the unique, curved retrolateral tibial apophysis (Fig. 43).	en	Dupérré, Nadine (2015): Description of a new genus and thirteen new species of Ctenidae (Araneae, Ctenidae) from the Chocó region of Ecuador. Zootaxa 4028 (4): 451-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.4.1
BC6587896A78FFAC7397FDC0FB8C3235.taxon	description	Description. Male (holotype). Total length: 9.0; carapace length: 4.1; carapace width: 3.6; abdomen length: 4.9. COLORATION: Carapace and abdomen as in C. otonga. Legs III-IV with black marks on femurs, tibiae and metatarsi. LEGS: Total length: I: missing; II: missing; III: 21.5; IV: 25.0. LEGS SPINATION: Femur III pl- 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1 - 1; tibia III p 1 - 1, r 1 - 1, d 1 - 1 - 1, v 2 - 2 - 2; metatarsus III p 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1, v 2 - 2 - 1. Femur IV pl- 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1; tibia IV p 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1, d 1 - 0 - 1, v 1 - 1 - 2; metatarsus IV p 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1, v 1 - 1 - 1 - 1. GENITALIA: Palpal cymbial keel strong (Fig. 42). Ventral tibial apophysis rounded, apically transparent, retrolateral tibial apophysis curved (Figs 42, 43). Tegulum oval; median apophysis wide, with small projection prolaterally; conductor lamelliform, short, hyaline; membranous tegular process rectangular, very short; embolus base not twisted; embolus wide basally, originating prolaterally, tip with triangular projection (Fig. 42). Female. Unknown. Natural history. Specimens were collected between 1150 – 1209 m in premontane evergreen forest.	en	Dupérré, Nadine (2015): Description of a new genus and thirteen new species of Ctenidae (Araneae, Ctenidae) from the Chocó region of Ecuador. Zootaxa 4028 (4): 451-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.4.1
BC6587896A78FFAC7397FDC0FB8C3235.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Ecuador: Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas Province (Fig. 57).	en	Dupérré, Nadine (2015): Description of a new genus and thirteen new species of Ctenidae (Araneae, Ctenidae) from the Chocó region of Ecuador. Zootaxa 4028 (4): 451-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.4.1
BC6587896A78FFAF7397FA13FCC636CA.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Male holotype from Ecuador, Cotopaxi Province, Otonga Biological Reserve (- 00.42261 ° S - 79.5107 ° W), 05 – 19. ix. 2014, pitfall, 2225 m, E. Tapia, C. Tapia, N. Dupérré (QCAZ).	en	Dupérré, Nadine (2015): Description of a new genus and thirteen new species of Ctenidae (Araneae, Ctenidae) from the Chocó region of Ecuador. Zootaxa 4028 (4): 451-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.4.1
BC6587896A78FFAF7397FA13FCC636CA.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name is a patronym in honour of Dr. Luis Coloma, Ecuadorian herpetologist, for its support and his work in conservation of Ecuadorian frogs.	en	Dupérré, Nadine (2015): Description of a new genus and thirteen new species of Ctenidae (Araneae, Ctenidae) from the Chocó region of Ecuador. Zootaxa 4028 (4): 451-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.4.1
BC6587896A78FFAF7397FA13FCC636CA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Male are distinguished by their unique median apophysis with one spur and a rounded projection basally (Fig. 45).	en	Dupérré, Nadine (2015): Description of a new genus and thirteen new species of Ctenidae (Araneae, Ctenidae) from the Chocó region of Ecuador. Zootaxa 4028 (4): 451-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.4.1
BC6587896A78FFAF7397FA13FCC636CA.taxon	description	Description. Male (holotype). Carapace length: 4.5; carapace width: 3.9. COLORATION: As in C. otongachi. Legs with 3 black bands on femora. Abdomen missing. LEGS: Total length: I: 28.7; II: 28.0; III: 24.0; IV: 30.1. LEGS SPINATION: Femur I p 1 - 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1; tibia I p 1 - 1, r 1 - 1, d 1 - 1 - 1; metatarsus I p 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1. Femur II p 1 - 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1 - 1; tibia II p 1 - 1, r 1 - 1, d 1 - 1 - 1; metatarsus II p 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1. Femur III pl- 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1; tibia III p 1 - 1, r 1 - 1, d 1 - 1 - 1, v 2 - 2 - 2; metatarsus III p 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1, v 1 - 1 - 2. Femur IV pl- 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1 - 1; tibia IV p 1 - 1, r 1 - 1, d 1 - 1 - 1 - 1, v 2 - 2 - 2; metatarsus IV p 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1, v 1 - 1 - 1 - 2. GENITALIA: Palpal cymbial keel strong (Fig. 44). Ventral tibial apophysis pointed, apically transparent, retrolateral tibial apophysis spine-like (Figs 44, 45). Tegulum oval, median apophysis rounded apically, with spur and rounded projection basally; conductor lamelliform, hyaline; membranous tegular process hyaline, short; embolus base not twisted; embolus wide, originating medially, tip arrow-like (Fig. 44). Female. Unknown. Natural history. The only specimen known was collected in a pitfall line set up at 2225 m, the top of the cloud forest.	en	Dupérré, Nadine (2015): Description of a new genus and thirteen new species of Ctenidae (Araneae, Ctenidae) from the Chocó region of Ecuador. Zootaxa 4028 (4): 451-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.4.1
BC6587896A78FFAF7397FA13FCC636CA.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Only known from the type locality (Fig. 57).	en	Dupérré, Nadine (2015): Description of a new genus and thirteen new species of Ctenidae (Araneae, Ctenidae) from the Chocó region of Ecuador. Zootaxa 4028 (4): 451-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.4.1
BC6587896A7AFFA07397F8A0FCC6355A.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Male holotype from Ecuador, Cotopaxi Province, Otonga Biological Reserve (- 00.41433 ° S - 79.00035 ° W), 03 – 16. viii. 2014, pitfall, 1888 m, E. Tapia, C. Tapia, N. Dupérré (QCAZ). Additional material examined. Ecuador: Cotopaxi Province: Otonga Biological Reserve (- 00.41433 ° S - 79.00035 ° W), 24. v. – 08. vi. 2014, 1 ♂, pitfall, 1888 m, E. Tapia, C. Tapia, N. Dupérré (DTC); 08 – 21. vi. 2014, 1 ♂ (DTC); 19. ix – 02. x. 2014, 1 ♂ (DTC).	en	Dupérré, Nadine (2015): Description of a new genus and thirteen new species of Ctenidae (Araneae, Ctenidae) from the Chocó region of Ecuador. Zootaxa 4028 (4): 451-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.4.1
BC6587896A7AFFA07397F8A0FCC6355A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the Spanish language, meaning elf. Diagnosis. Male are distinguished by their unique median apophysis with a small basal projection (Fig. 46).	en	Dupérré, Nadine (2015): Description of a new genus and thirteen new species of Ctenidae (Araneae, Ctenidae) from the Chocó region of Ecuador. Zootaxa 4028 (4): 451-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.4.1
BC6587896A7AFFA07397F8A0FCC6355A.taxon	description	Description. Male (holotype). Total length: 4.1; carapace length: 2.1; carapace width: 1.9; abdomen length: 2.0. COLORATION: As in C. otongachi. Legs with two black bands on femora, tibiae and metatarsi. Abdomen light gray with pale, half length median band. LEGS: Total length: I: 9.0; II: 8.5; III: 8.0; IV: 10.1. LEGS SPINATION: Femur I p 1 - 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1; tibia I p 1 - 1, r 1 - 1, d 1 - 1; metatarsus I p 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1. Femur II p 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1; tibia II p 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1, d 1 - 1; metatarsus II p 1 - 1, r 1 - 1. Femur III pl- 1, r 1 - 1; tibia III p 1 - 1, r 1 - 1, d 1 - 1, v 2 - 2 - 2; metatarsus III p 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1, v 1 - 1 - 2. Femur IV pl- 1, r 1 - 1; tibia IV p 1 - 1, r 1, d 1 - 1, v 2 - 2 - 2; metatarsus IV p 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1, v 1 - 1 - 1 - 2. GENITALIA: Palpal cymbial keel strong (Fig. 46). Ventral tibial apophysis rectangular, with small projection basally, apically transparent, retrolateral tibial apophysis spine-like (Figs 46, 47). Tegulum oval; median apophysis rounded apically, with small pointed projection basally; conductor lamelliform, folded, hyaline; membranous tegular process hyaline, elongated; embolus base not twisted; embolus thin, originating prolaterally, tip pointed (Fig. 46). Female. Unknown. Natural history. Specimens where collected in a pitfall line set up at 1888 m, in a low evergreen montane forest.	en	Dupérré, Nadine (2015): Description of a new genus and thirteen new species of Ctenidae (Araneae, Ctenidae) from the Chocó region of Ecuador. Zootaxa 4028 (4): 451-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.4.1
BC6587896A7AFFA07397F8A0FCC6355A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Only known from the type locality (Fig. 57).	en	Dupérré, Nadine (2015): Description of a new genus and thirteen new species of Ctenidae (Araneae, Ctenidae) from the Chocó region of Ecuador. Zootaxa 4028 (4): 451-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.4.1
BC6587896A74FFA07397FDC0FE5132D4.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Female holotype from Ecuador (SMF 37449). EXAMINED. Internal genitalia on slide, examined from photos.	en	Dupérré, Nadine (2015): Description of a new genus and thirteen new species of Ctenidae (Araneae, Ctenidae) from the Chocó region of Ecuador. Zootaxa 4028 (4): 451-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.4.1
BC6587896A74FFA07397FDC0FE5132D4.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Females are distinguished by their rounded spermathecae (Fig. 48), from C. otongachi by their much larger size; from C. miserabilis by their heart-shaped median sector of epigynum (Fig. 48), trapezoidal in the later species (Fig. 49).	en	Dupérré, Nadine (2015): Description of a new genus and thirteen new species of Ctenidae (Araneae, Ctenidae) from the Chocó region of Ecuador. Zootaxa 4028 (4): 451-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.4.1
BC6587896A74FFA07397FDC0FE5132D4.taxon	description	Description. Female (holotype). Total length: 8.1; carapace length: 3.9; carapace width: 3.0; abdomen length: 4.2. COLORATION: Colour somewhat faded in alcohol, as in C. otonga. Legs femora with dark bands. Adomen grayish with pale median half length band. LEGS: Total length: I: 18.0; II: 17.1; III: 14.0; IV: 20.0. LEGS SPINATION: Femur I p 1 - 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1; tibia I p 1 - 1, r 1 - 1, d 0; metatarsus I p 0, r 0. Femur II p 1 - 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1 - 1; tibia II p 1 - 1, r 1 - 1, d 1; metatarsus II p 0, r 10. Femur III pl- 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1; tibia III p 1 - 1, r 1 - 1, d 1 - 1, v 2 - 2 - 2; metatarsus III p 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1, v 1 - 1 - 1 - 2. Femur IV pl- 1, r 1 - 1; tibia IV p 1 - 1, r 1 - 1, d 1 - 1, v 2 - 2 - 2; metatarsus IV p 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1, v 1 - 1 - 1 - 2. GENITALIA: Epigynum with elliptical median sector, apically with narrow unsclerotized sector, flat; lateral processes not observed; copulatory duct elongated, curved (Fig. 48). Spermathecae rounded; fertilization ducts not observed (Fig. 48). Male. Unknown. Natural history. The only specimen known comes from a Banana shipment, most probably from the South coast of Ecuador (Guayas or El Oro Provinces), where most Banana plantation and exportation are located.	en	Dupérré, Nadine (2015): Description of a new genus and thirteen new species of Ctenidae (Araneae, Ctenidae) from the Chocó region of Ecuador. Zootaxa 4028 (4): 451-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.4.1
BC6587896A74FFA07397FDC0FE5132D4.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Ecuador.	en	Dupérré, Nadine (2015): Description of a new genus and thirteen new species of Ctenidae (Araneae, Ctenidae) from the Chocó region of Ecuador. Zootaxa 4028 (4): 451-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.4.1
BC6587896A74FFA07397FA45FCF230E4.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Female holotype from Colombia (SMF 4562), Cauca, Popayán (Konsul Lehmann). Type specimen was not examined, only the genitalia was examined from photo (Fig. 49). Diagnosis. Females are distinguished from all species of the genus by their rounded spermathecae (Fig. 49), from C. acanthoctenoides by their trapezoidal median sector of epigynum (Fig. 49), heart-shaped in the later species (Fig. 48) and from C. otongachi by their much larger size (size taken from the literature). Male. Unknown.	en	Dupérré, Nadine (2015): Description of a new genus and thirteen new species of Ctenidae (Araneae, Ctenidae) from the Chocó region of Ecuador. Zootaxa 4028 (4): 451-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.4.1
BC6587896A74FFA07397FA45FCF230E4.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Colombia: only known from the type locality.	en	Dupérré, Nadine (2015): Description of a new genus and thirteen new species of Ctenidae (Araneae, Ctenidae) from the Chocó region of Ecuador. Zootaxa 4028 (4): 451-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.4.1
