identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
997AE4F82BBF11FA980A5EB78C267B63.text	997AE4F82BBF11FA980A5EB78C267B63.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Osmoxylon leidichii Costion & Plunkett 2016	<div><p>Osmoxylon leidichii Costion sp. nov. Fig. 1</p> <p>Boerlagiodendron pachyphyllum Kaneh. p.p., Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 48: 401, 1934</p> <p>Osmoxylon leidichii Syntype: Palau. Aimeliik: 1933, R. Kanehira 2452</p> <p>Type.</p> <p>Palau. Koror: Ngeremdiu Beach, 07°15'20.22"N, 134°26'37.98"E, 18m, 6 Jun 2014 (fr), C. Costion 3711 (holotype: NY; isotype: US, BNM).</p> <p>Description.</p> <p>Small to medium sized tree, 10-12 m tall, branched. Leaf blades palmately lobed, up to 45 cm long and wide, glabrous, with 7-9 rhombic lobes; margin with serrations minute and distinctly inserted or in tiny indentations of the blade, barely exceeding the margin itself, only one per secondary vein; prominent secondary veins 7 or 8 per lobe, meeting the mid-rib at a 30-45°angle; petioles up to 50 cm in length; petiolar crests 1-4, circular, re-curved, entire, with tannish pubescence along margins; stipule flattened and appressed to the stem, broadly attenuate to the apex, fleshy (not stiff), with brown flakey or papery margins and brownish pubescence, tip soft to touch, not firm. Inflorescence 10-15 cm in diameter, primary axis bearing 20-30 secondary inflorescence units, secondary axis (from primary axis to the point where the lateral fertile umbellules are attached) c. 2 cm long, with c. 30 pinkish to crimson, baccate pseudo-fruits, each 2 mm long and 2-3 mm in diameter; peduncles c. 3 cm long, light green, not distinctly jointed. Fertile flowers 10-20 per umbellule, each with a yellowish, fused or united, cup-shaped calyx, c. 2 mm long; corolla tube bright orange, 5 or 6 lobed, 3 mm long; stamens alternate to the petal lobes, strongly exserted; ovary inferior, whitish-green, stigmas sessile. Fruits 10-20 per umbellule, each with 5 or 6 locules (each 1-seeded), globose-ovoid, 7-8 mm long, 6-7 mm in diameter, turning white (when immature) then maturing to pale pink, tightly clustered at maturity, forming a distinct hemispheric or mound-shaped infructescence.</p> <p>Notes.</p> <p>Osmoxylon leidichii occurs across the limestone islands of Palau on karst and coral substrates and within this range it appears to be common. It has been previously confused with Osmoxylon pachyphyllum, but is distinguished by its 7-9 rhombic leaf lobes, its appressed, flakey stipules, and its inflorescences, which bear many more fruits that are each smaller and more globose. One of the syntypes (R. Kanehira 2452) cited in the protologue of Boerlagiodendron pachyphyllum belongs to this new species. We are happy to name this species after the Palau resident and naturalist, Ron Leidich, whose generosity enabled the discovery of this species and for his inspirational knowledge and enthusiasm about Palau’s natural history.</p> <p>Specimens examined.</p> <p>Palau. Koror State: Ngeremdiu Beach, 6 Jun 2014 (ster.), C. Costion 3708 (US); Ngeremdiu Beach, 6 Jun 2014 (fl.), C. Costion 3709 (BNM); Ngeremdiu Beach, 6 Jun 2014 (fl.), C. Costion 3710 (NY, US); Ngeruktabel Island, 26 Jun 1982 (fr.) Hobdy 1547 (BISH); uninhabited coral island, 14 Aug 1933 (ster.) R. Kanehira 2452 (TI, FU); Ngeruktabel Island, 8 Aug 2007 (fr.) M. Balick 4511 (BNM, NY); Ngeruktabel Island, along path from boat landing to German Lighthouse, 07°15'50.3"N; 134°26'45.9"E, 135 m, 9 Nov 2013 (ster.), G.M. Plunkett 2707 (BNM).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/997AE4F82BBF11FA980A5EB78C267B63	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Costion, Craig M.;Plunkett, Gregory M.	Costion, Craig M., Plunkett, Gregory M. (2016): A revision of the genus Osmoxylon (Araliaceae) in Palau, including two new species. PhytoKeys 58: 49-64, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.58.5292, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.58.5292
99F5AC51248CA847010ED20AB8CCF3AE.text	99F5AC51248CA847010ED20AB8CCF3AE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Osmoxylon ngardokense Costion 2016	<div><p>Osmoxylon ngardokense Costion sp. nov. Fig. 2</p> <p>Type.</p> <p>Palau. Melekeok: Ngardok forest dynamics plot, 07°30'36.97"N, 134°36'28.04"E, 50 m, 17 Jul 2014 (fr.) C. Costion 3721 (holotype: NY; isotype: BNM, US).</p> <p>Description.</p> <p>Small understory tree, 7-10 m tall, unbranched. Leaf blades large with distinct celery smell when crushed, up to 60 cm long and 75 cm wide, with 9-11 lobes; margin weakly serrated, serrations exserted or protruding from margin and spaced far apart, generally 1 per secondary vein or up to one between secondary veins; prominent secondary veins 8-13 per lobe, meeting the mid-rib at a near 90°(perpen dicular) angle then curving to a 30-45°angle; petioles up to 92 cm in length; petiolar crests 3, circular, with papery edge and minutely toothed; stipule 3.5-4 cm long, deeply furrowed, slightly appressed to stem and mildly recurved on the axial side, tip not sharp or firm. Inflorescence 20-25 cm in diameter, primary axis bearing 30-40 secondary inflorescence units, secondary axis (from primary axis to where lateral umbellules are attached) c. 3.5 cm long, sterile fruits not seen; lateral peduncles jointed, c. 4-5 cm long, bottom segment 1.2-1.5 cm, top segment 2.5 cm; dark purplish-black in color. Fertile flowers 20-30 per umbellule, with light-green, fused or united, globose to cup-shaped calyx, 2-2.5 mm long; corolla tube bright yellow-orange, 4-5 lobed, 3 mm long, 1.5-2mm wide; stamens alternate to the petal lobes, partially exserted; ovary inferior, greenish, stigmas sessile. Fruits 30-40 per umbellule, with 5 locules (each 1-seeded), globose, 3-6 mm in diameter, turning dark blackish-crimson; fruiting umbellules globose, 2-2.5 cm in diameter at maturity, spaced apart, not densely packed.</p> <p>Notes.</p> <p>Osmoxylon ngardokense is so far known only from the type locality, with volcanic soil, near Lake Ngardok on Babeldaob, within the Ngardok Nature Reserve, for which the species is named. This species is clearly distinct from the other Palau taxa of Osmoxylon by its large 9-11 lobed leaves, large compound inflorescence with inflorescences widely spaced, and dark crimson globose fruits in globose clusters of 30-40.</p> <p>Specimens examined.</p> <p>Palau. Melekeok State: Ngardok Nature Reserve in Ngardok forest dynamics plot, 21 Jul 2014, 23 Jul 2014, C. Costion 3895 (BNM), C. Costion 3725 (NY).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/99F5AC51248CA847010ED20AB8CCF3AE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Costion, Craig M.;Plunkett, Gregory M.	Costion, Craig M., Plunkett, Gregory M. (2016): A revision of the genus Osmoxylon (Araliaceae) in Palau, including two new species. PhytoKeys 58: 49-64, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.58.5292, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.58.5292
091AF1728BFF518C9EBF78A6D560001C.text	091AF1728BFF518C9EBF78A6D560001C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Osmoxylon truncatum (Kaneh.) Fosberg & Sachet 1980	<div><p>Osmoxylon truncatum (Kaneh.) Fosberg &amp; Sachet Fig. 3</p> <p>Boerlagiodendron truncatum Kaneh., Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 48: 403, fig. 2, 1934.</p> <p>Osmoxylon oliveri Fosberg &amp; Sachet, Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 45: 16. 1980.</p> <p>Osmoxylon truncatum Type. Palau. Ngardmau: near Dudui’s homestead, 2 Apr 1966 (fr.,fl.), Cheatham 54 (holotype: US!; isotype: NY!, BISH!).</p> <p>Type.</p> <p>Palau. Aimeliik State: 2 Aug 1933, R. Kanehira 2364 (holotype FU!; isotype: NY!).</p> <p>Description.</p> <p>Small to medium-sized understory tree, 10-20 m tall, branched. Leaf blades palmately lobed and large, up to 80 cm long and 85 cm wide, glabrous, generally with 11-15 lobes, strongly serrated; serrations protruding from margin, 2 or 3 in between each prominent secondary vein; prominent secondary veins meeting the mid-rib at a sharp 45°angle; petioles up to 1.2 meters long, petiolar crests 3 or 4, circular, ciliate; stipule appressed to stem, shallowly furrowed on top with 1-3 ciliate crests resembling horizontal lines of teeth or wart-like projections; margin of stipule papery and tannish, expanding in towards the center as the stipule matures. Compound inflorescences 20-30 cm in diameter, primary axis bearing 20-40 secondary inflorescence units, secondary axis (from primary axis to where lateral umbels are attached) 3-6 cm long, supporting an umbel of 20-30 dark purple to blackish baccate pseudo-fruits up to 1 cm in diameter; peduncles jointed, purple, 5-7 cm long, with bottom segment 2-6 times shorter but becoming longer with maturity. Flowers 45-80 per head with yellow, angular, bright yellow calyx crowning the ovary; corolla tube bright reddish-orange, 5-lobed, 4 mm long; stamens alternate to the petal lobes, strongly exserted; ovary inferior with sessile stigma. Fruits pedicelate, obpyramidal, resembling corn kernels, each c. 1 cm long, 1 cm wide, greenish to white, maturing with a dull purple apex and striations down to the base; fruiting umbellules c. 5 cm long, 4 cm wide, mulberry shaped, with up to 80 fruits densely pressed together.</p> <p>Notes.</p> <p>Osmoxylon truncatum is common in both the limestone and volcanic islands of Palau and is often found in villages near dwellings. The flowers are used for decorations in traditional and modern customs and events. The species is distinguished from the other Palau Osmoxylon taxa by its leaves with 11-15 lobes, ciliate crested stipules, and its much larger inflorescences with up to 80 flowers and fruits.</p> <p>Specimens examined.</p> <p>Palau. Aimeliik State: along road to power plant, Dec 2014, Costion 3987-3989, (BNM, US); Airai State: just south of main entrance to airport, 07°21'49.0"N; 134°31'54.1"E, 64 m,12 Nov 2013 (fl., fr.), G.M. Plunkett 2716 (BNM, NY); Ngetkib, agroforest, 7 Aug 2007 (fr.), M. Balick 4475 (BNM, NY); near airport, 15 Oct 1978 (fl.) Shearard &amp; Spence 89 (BISH); Babeldaob, 1 Nov 1933 (fl.) Herre 71 (BISH); Kaiguru, 15 Apr 1936 (fl.), Takamatsu 1611 (BISH); Koror State: Koror, BNM botanical garden, 9 Mar 2007 (ster.), Kitalong 30907 (BNM); Coral island, Aug 1932, Kanehira 1853 (FU); Aug 1929, Kanehira 129 (FU); BNM botanical garden, 5 Dec 2014, Costion 3980-3986, 3990-4000 (BNM, US); Melekeok State: Aug 1932, Kanehira 2057 (FU); Ngaraard State: tributary of Ngereakl R., 20 Jan 1978 (fr.) J. Canfield 397 (BNM, BISH); Ngarchelong State: west of Pkulrengerelong, 3 Jan 1978 (ster.), J. Canfield 304 (BMM); Ngaremlengui State: upper Ngarmiskan R., 8 Dec 1978 (fr.) J. Canfield 650, 651, (BNM); Ngatpang State: Mechutelngatpang, 5 Aug 2008 (fr.), M. Balick 4594 (BNM, NY); Ngiwal State: along Ngareboku R., 17 Jan 1978 (ster.), J. Canfield 362 (BNM); Aug 1932, Kanehira 2065 (FU), Aug 1932, Kanehira 2066 (FU).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/091AF1728BFF518C9EBF78A6D560001C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Costion, Craig M.;Plunkett, Gregory M.	Costion, Craig M., Plunkett, Gregory M. (2016): A revision of the genus Osmoxylon (Araliaceae) in Palau, including two new species. PhytoKeys 58: 49-64, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.58.5292, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.58.5292
4935A40E087D5F569B3E269919F1F710.text	4935A40E087D5F569B3E269919F1F710.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Osmoxylon pachyphyllum (Kaneh.) Fosberg & Sachet 1980	<div><p>Osmoxylon pachyphyllum (Kaneh.) Fosberg &amp; Sachet Fig. 4</p> <p>Boerlagiodendron pachyphyllum Kaneh., Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 48: 401, 1934.</p> <p>Type.</p> <p>Palau. Aimeliik: 1933 (fr.), R. Kanehira 2301 (lectotype: FU!, here designated; isolectotype: TI!).</p> <p>Description.</p> <p>Small to medium sized understory, tree 7-15 m tall, sparsely branched. Leaves palmately lobed, variable in size, up to 60 cm long and 65 cm wide (generally smaller), with 5-7 lobes; margins sparsely dentate with serrations exserted from margin, 1 per prominent secondary vein or alternating between veins; prominent secondary veins meeting the mid-rib (near) perpendicular then curving to a 30-45°an gle; petiolar crests 1-2, rarely 3, firm with sharp edges, sparsely ciliate; stipules not appressed to stem, strongly recurved, glabrous, tip sharp to the touch. Inflorescence 7-15 cm in diameter, primary axis bearing 12-15 secondary inflorescence units, secondary axis (from primary axis to where lateral umbellules are attached) c. 2.8 cm long, with c. 30 pinkish-red baccate pseudo-fruits, c. 4 mm in diameter; peduncles jointed, c. 2.6 cm long, top segment shorter, maturing to equal the length of the bottom segment, green. Fertile flowers 10-15, with greenish-yellow, fused calyx crowning the ovary; corolla tube yellowish-orange, 6 lobed, c. 5 mm long; stamens alternate to the petal lobes, strongly exserted; ovary inferior, stigmas sessile. Fruits flat sided, 1.2-1.5 cm long, 0.7-0.8 cm wide, greenish with reddish-dull purple apex and striations down to the base, c. 3-5 per umbellule; fertile fruiting umbellules loosely organized with distinct peduncles, 1.5-3 cm diameter.</p> <p>Notes.</p> <p>As circumscribed herein, Osmoxylon pachyphyllum is known only from volcanic soils on Babeldaob Island. Previous collections of this species from the limestone islands (including a syntype, R. Kanehira 2452) are now referred to the new species Osmoxylon leidichii. In addition to its geography and ecology, Osmoxylon pachyphyllum can easily be distinguished by its 5-7 lobed and weakly serrated leaves, its oblong, large, angled fruits, and its umbellules, which have very few (3-5) fruits, compared to all other species known from Palau. The stipule at the petiole base is also distinctive among the Palauan members of the genus in being strongly recurved, pointing away from the stem, and with a noticeably sharp tip.</p> <p>Specimens examined.</p> <p>Palau. Aimeliik State: slope of Ngetchum, 28 Dec 2005 (fl.) C. Costion 894 (BNM); Jul 1933, Kanehira 2301 (FU); 30 Jul 1933, Kanehira 2311 (FU); Babeldaob Island, south central Babeldaob, SW of Mt. Yekigoroto, 2 Sep 1965 (fr.), R. Fosberg 47677 (BISH); Babeldaob Island, 17 Apr 1938 (flw), Hatusima 5021 (FU); Babeldaob Island, 18 April 1938, Hatusima 5053 (FU); Melekeok State: Ngardok Nature Reserve in Ngardok forest dynamics plot, Jul 2014 (fr.,fl.) C. Costion 3779, 3780, 3781, 3802 (BNM, US); Ngardmau State: 2005 (fr.), C. Costion 90 (BNM); Ngertebechel watershed south of waterfall, 15 Jul 2005 (fl.), C. Costion 449 (BNM); Ngaremlengui State: along trail from Mr. Ha’s quarry to Parkia population and waterfall, 07°32'39.6"N; 134°34'07.2"E, 131 m, 5 Nov 2013 (bud, fl., fr.), G.M. Plunkett 2686 (BNM, NY); Ngechesar State: along Iliud ra mesiual historic trail, 99 m, 7 Jun 2014 (fr.) C. Costion 3712 (BNM, US), 7 Jun 2014 (fr.) C. Costion 3713 (NY), 7 Jun 2014 (fl.) C. Costion 3714 (NY), 7 Jun 2014 (fr.) C. Costion 3715 (BNM, NY, US), 7 Jun 2014 (fl.) C. Costion 3716 (BNM, US), 7 Jun 2014 (fl.) C. Costion 3717 (US), 7 Jun 2014 (fr.) C. Costion 3719 (NY, US)</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4935A40E087D5F569B3E269919F1F710	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Costion, Craig M.;Plunkett, Gregory M.	Costion, Craig M., Plunkett, Gregory M. (2016): A revision of the genus Osmoxylon (Araliaceae) in Palau, including two new species. PhytoKeys 58: 49-64, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.58.5292, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.58.5292
