taxonID	type	description	language	source
BC255E5231253B39FF6020B59D1BFC54.taxon	description	(Figs. 1 – 19)	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C., Skelley, Paul E. (2011): Description Of The Larva Of Homophileurus Integer (Burmeister, 1847) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Phileurini), With Notes On Biology And A Key To The Known Larvae Of New World Phileurini. The Coleopterists Bulletin 65 (3): 297-304, DOI: 10.1649/072.065.0311
BC255E5231253B39FF6020B59D1BFC54.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. Four larvae in the third instar with the following data: “ SURINAME: Para District, Zanderij, near Guesthouse, N 05 ° 27.5 ′, W 055 ° 13.0 ′, 8 - Feb- 2010, P. Skelley, W. Warner, C. Gillett, in arboreal termite nest w / adults, see pictures ”. These larvae were collected in association with two adults (1 male, 1 female) in pupal cells.	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C., Skelley, Paul E. (2011): Description Of The Larva Of Homophileurus Integer (Burmeister, 1847) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Phileurini), With Notes On Biology And A Key To The Known Larvae Of New World Phileurini. The Coleopterists Bulletin 65 (3): 297-304, DOI: 10.1649/072.065.0311
BC255E5231253B39FF6020B59D1BFC54.taxon	description	Description. Dorsal body length approximately 52.2 mm. Cranium (Figs. 1 – 2): Width of head capsule 6.6 – 6.8 mm. Color yellowish brown. Surface moderately punctate on frons (F) and labrum (L), epicranium (E) and postclypeus (PSC) less densely punctate, preclypeus (PC) less sclerotized and cream-colored. Epicranial suture (ES) and frontal suture (FS) distinct. Frons: Surface with 1 exterior frontal seta (EFS) and 3 posterior frontal setae (PFS) on each side and with 4 anterior frontal setae (AFS). Each anterior angle with 2 setae (AAS). Epicranium on surface with 3 dorsoepicranial setae (DES), about 15 epicranial setae (ES) distributed irregularly, 2 anterior frontal setae (AFS), and 8 paraocellar setae (POS) on each side. Ocellus (O) present. Clypeus: Form trapezoidal. Surface of postclypeus with 2 external clypeal setae (ECS) on each side and 2 anterior central setae (CS). Labrum: Surface slightly asymmetrical, with 6 posterior labral setae (PLS) and 3 posterolateral labral setae (PLLS) on each side. Epipharynx (Fig. 3): Form transversely suboval, asymmetrical, left lateral margin slightly angulate. Haptomeral process (HP) absent. Right and left chaetoparia (CPA) each with 65 setae. Acroparia (ACR) with 20 long, stout, slightly curved setae. Corypha (CO) with 9 long, stout, slightly curved setae. Right acanthoparia (ACP) with 7 short, curved, spine-like setae; left acanthoparia with 9 short, curved, spine-like setae. Pedium (P) longer than wide, without setae. Dexiotorma (DX) narrow, elongate. Laeotorma (LT) shorter than dexiotorma. Pternotorma (PTT) rounded. Haptolochus (HL) lacking setae. Sclerotized plate (SP) of right nesium (NR) slender, elongate. Sense cone (SC) on left nesium (LR) a well-sclerotized, rounded plate. Crepis not evident. Left mandible (Figs. 4, 6): Form falcate. Scissorial area with blade-like, apical tooth (S 1 + S 2 fused), separated from S 3 by scissorial notch (SN), S 4 below notch. Scrobis (SCR) with 11 slender, long setae. Acia (AC) well-developed, acute, with 8 basolateral setae. Ventral surface with elongate-oval stridulatory area (STA) with about 50 narrowly separated, subparallel ridges. Ventral process (VP) large, rounded. Brustia (BR) with 11 long setae. Molar lobe (ML) large, weakly subdivided. Postartis (PTA) large, rounded. Right mandible (Figs. 5, 7): Form falcate. Scissorial area with blade-like, apical tooth (S 1 + S 2 fused), separated from S 3 by scissorial notch (SN), S 4 below notch. Scrobis (SCR) with 9 long setae. Acia (AC) well developed, with 6 basolateral setae. Dorsal surface with 2 long setae well below base of S 3. Preartis (PA) distinct, concave. Ventral surface with elongateoval, stridulatory area (SA) with about 47 narrowly separated, subparallel ridges. Ventral process (VP) well-developed, broadly rounded. Ventral process (VP) large, rounded. Brustia (BR) with 5 long setae. Calx (CA) large, with 5 basolateral setae (BLS). Molar area with 6 ventral molar setae (VMS). Molar crown with 3 large lobes (M 1 – 3). Postartis (PTA) large, rounded. Maxilla and labium (ventral view, Fig. 8): Galea (GA) and lacinia (LAC) fused, forming mala (MA). Mala with large uncus (UN) at apex and 3 subterminal unci, basal uncus slightly separated from previous 2. Maxillary palpus (MP) 4 - segmented, apical segment twice as long as previous segment. Cardo (CAR) subdivided into 3 sclerites. Mentum subdivided into 3 sclerites: postmentum (PMP) and prementum (PM 1 – 2). Labial palpus (LP) with 2 seg- ments. Maxilla and labium (dorsal view, Fig. 9): Stridulatory area with row of 7 stridulatory teeth (SD), teeth becoming increasingly smaller basally. Glossa with 32 long setae and 40 short setae. Hypopharyngeal sclerome (HSC) asymmetrical, truncate process (TP) prominent, elevated. Lateral lobes (LL) with about 16 long setae each. Antenna: Antenna (A) 4 - segmented, segments 1 – 2 subequal in length, each slightly longer than segment 3; terminal segment about half length of segment 2. Terminal segment on dorsal surface with 5 dorsal sensory spots (DSS), ventral surface with 8 ventral sensory spots (VSS) (Fig. 10), apex with 1 sensory spot. Thorax: Prothoracic spiracle (Fig. 11) 0.7 mm long, 0.5 mm wide; respiratory plate (RSP) light brown, C-shaped, spiracular bulla (BU) rounded, barely elevated; respiratory plate with about 40 regularly edged holes across diameter at middle. Dorsum (Fig. 12) of pronotum and prescutum II and III (PRSC) each with transverse row of long, slender setae. Legs (Fig. 13 a – f): Coxa (CX), trochanter (TR), femur (FE), and tibiotarsus (TT) of all legs with numerous, long, stout setae. Tarsal claws (CL) falcate, with 1 basoexternal seta and 1 internal, preapical seta. Protarsal claw longer than middle and posterior tarsal claws. Abdomen: Abdominal spiracle (Fig. 14) slightly larger (0.8 mm long, 0.6 mm wide) than prothoracic spiracle, all abdominal spiracles subequal in size. Abdominal segments I-VII each with transverse row of 35 – 40 short, spine-like setae. Abdominal segments VIII-X with sparse, minute setae. All spiracular areas with 5 long, slender setae. Raster: Surface (Fig. 15) without palidia. Campus (C) with 6 slender, long setae. Teges (T) with 60 short, spine-like setae projecting towards anal slit (ASL). Anal slit transverse.	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C., Skelley, Paul E. (2011): Description Of The Larva Of Homophileurus Integer (Burmeister, 1847) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Phileurini), With Notes On Biology And A Key To The Known Larvae Of New World Phileurini. The Coleopterists Bulletin 65 (3): 297-304, DOI: 10.1649/072.065.0311
BC255E5231253B39FF6020B59D1BFC54.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Homophileurus integer is known from French Guiana, Trinidad, and Brazil (Endrödi 1978, 1985). The specimens in this study represent a not-unexpected new country record for Suriname.	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C., Skelley, Paul E. (2011): Description Of The Larva Of Homophileurus Integer (Burmeister, 1847) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Phileurini), With Notes On Biology And A Key To The Known Larvae Of New World Phileurini. The Coleopterists Bulletin 65 (3): 297-304, DOI: 10.1649/072.065.0311
BC255E5231253B39FF6020B59D1BFC54.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. Adults of H. integer (Fig. 16) are usually encountered at lights. Lüderwaldt (1911) reported H. luederwaldti and Actinobolus trilobus Lüderwaldt living in the arboreal nest of two species of Nasutitermes termites as well as Actinobolus radians Westwood living in the epigeous nest of Cornitermes termites in Brazil. The larvae of these species fed upon the nest itself which could result in partial or total destruction of the termite nest. Vanin et al. (1983) observed adults and larvae of H. luederwaldti in the arboreal nest of Microcerotermes termites; pupal chambers were seen in walls of the nest. Ratcliffe and Cave (2006) dissected an arboreal termite nest on Isla Roatán in Honduras and collected an adult H. tricuspis. Neita and Ratcliffe (2011) reported larvae and pupae of H. tricuspis from an abandoned termite nest in Colombia, where they were developing in the center of the nest in a debris midden. Neita noted strong stridulation in the adult female and could feel the vibration of the larva when held in the hand. Larvae pupated in a cell they produced in the wall of the nest. The larvae of H. integer were found in an arboreal nest of Microcerotermes arboreus Emerson (Isoptera: Termitidae: Termitinae) (Figs. 17 – 18). This nest was about 30 cm in diameter and located approximately one meter above the ground in a wet savannahwoodland. The nest was chopped open with a machete to reveal a damp interior full of beetle frass and larvae (Fig. 19). Pupal cells, as well as some remaining termites, were located near the nest exterior. Whether the beetles caused the nest to decay and the termites to decline, or whether the beetles were opportunistic in a previously damaged nest remains unknown. Numerous additional nests were surveyed, but no additional beetles or similarly damaged nest in decline were found. The larvae of H. integer vibrated when held firmly in hand simi- lar to that observed for H. tricuspis as described in Neita and Ratcliffe (2011). It is becoming increasingly clear that Homophileurus species inhabit termite nests in which the larvae develop while feeding on the walls of the nest or in the debris midden in the center of the nest.	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C., Skelley, Paul E. (2011): Description Of The Larva Of Homophileurus Integer (Burmeister, 1847) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Phileurini), With Notes On Biology And A Key To The Known Larvae Of New World Phileurini. The Coleopterists Bulletin 65 (3): 297-304, DOI: 10.1649/072.065.0311
