identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
C35E87E72D472E4AB6E4FD08ABE2F83C.text	C35E87E72D472E4AB6E4FD08ABE2F83C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Boleophthalmus poti Polgar & Jaafar & Konstantinidis 2013	<div><p>Boleophthalmus poti, new species</p> <p>(Figs. 2, 3, 5; Tables 1, 2)</p> <p>Material examined. — Holotype: MSNG 56891, female, 89.9 mm SL; Papua New Guinea, Western Province, Fly river delta, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=143.60667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.429361" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 143.60667/lat -8.429361)">Sisikura Island</a>, 8°25'45.7"S, 143°36'24.0"E, coll. G. Polgar, A. Sacchetti &amp; C. Tenakenai, 24 Sep.2007.</p> <p>Paratypes: BMNH 2011.1.27.1, 1 female (cleared and stained), 108.2 mm SL; MSNG 56892, 1 male and 1 female, 89.6–104.5 mm SL; USNM 405556, 3 males, 80.5–105.8 mm SL; ZRC 52240 2 males and 1 female, 78.0–99.4 mm SL; same data as holotype. MSNG 56893, 1 male, 99.5 mm SL; Papua New Guinea, Western Province, Fly river delta, Purutu Island, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=143.52316&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.389167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 143.52316/lat -8.389167)">Wapi Creek</a>, 8°23'21.0"S, 143°31'23.4"E, coll. G. Polgar, A. Sacchetti &amp; C. Tenakenai, 23 Sep.2007.</p> <p>Non-type material: ZRC 51367, 2 ex., 35–50 mm, Purutu Island, Fly River delta, Papua New Guinea, 2007; ZRC 52249, 1 ex., 80.4 mm, same data as holotype.</p> <p>Diagnosis. — Boleophthalmus poti is similar to B. birdsongi and B. caeruleomaculatus, sharing with these species unnotched, flattened and horizontally disposed dentary teeth. It is distinguished from these species (and all remaining congeners) by having elongate D1 fin spines, protruding from the fin margin, in both sexes and the following unique features of dorsal-fin colouration in live individuals: D1 with clearly demarcated sky-blue to whitish marginal band; interradial membranes of D1 greenish-brown, spotted with whitish to yellowish speckles, sometimes fused into broken, narrow and wavy lines; interradial membranes of D2 grey to pale brown, darker posteriorly, pale grey distally, with a very thin white margin and columns of 0–5 whitish spots between adjacent rays; D2 rays darker than interradial membranes.</p> <p>Description. — General body shape as in Figs. 2, 5C. Meristic and morphometric data are presented in Tables 1, 2. Head subcylindrical, about as wide as deep; body subcylindrical in thoracic region, becoming slightly compressed caudally; mouth subterminal, with jaw extending posteriorly to vertical point immediately posterior to posterior margin of eye. Lower jaw containing 2–8 caninoid teeth and 14–37 distally flattened, anteriorly directed and horizontally displaced teeth on each side. One recurved, canine tooth on both sides of mandibular symphysis, internal to the anterior margin of mandible (Fig. 3). Posterior interorbital pore present. Anterior nare positioned at tip of triangular pendulous flap overhanging upper lip; posterior nare as slit immediately in front of anterior margin of eye. Anterior oculoscapular canal pores anterior to posterior nares, at ~1/3 the distance from eye to upper lip. Gill opening extending for ~4/5 of height of pectoral-fin base. All first-dorsal fin spines protruding from fin margin: elements III–V elongate, element IV longest in both sexes (Figs. 2B, 5C). In larger specimens, adpressed pectoral fin reaching a vertical point anterior to terminus of D1. Caudal fin ovate; pelvic fins completely fused into round disc with large pelvic frenum connecting pelvic spines, and basal membrane connecting innermost pelvic rays.</p> <p>Live colouration. — Background colouration of dorsolateral portion of body and head yellowish-brown to greyish (Figs. 2C, 5C); ventral portion greyish and paler; in some individuals, isthmus, throat and thoracic region dark grey; scattered tiny whitish speckles covering head, extending anteriorly and dorsally from snout to insertion of D1; 8–10 subvertical, saddle-like, bilaterally asymmetrical and irregular dark brown bars on dorsum (2–3 before D 1, 2 in front and behind D1, and 4–5 below D2), saddle-like bars never extending below lateral midline; one horizontal, darker, irregular brownish band 1/3 width of body depth may be present on sides above lateral midline and below saddlelike bars, coursing from pectoral fins to caudal peduncle; sparse whitish speckles present on flanks; several scales on caudal peduncle with whitish margins. Caudal fin with grey interradial membranes and black rays. Anal fin with blackish rays and darkened inter-radial membrane, posterior portion more densely pigmented. Pectoral fins with translucent interradial membranes and pale brown rays, muscular base with similar colouration to body. Pelvic fins with translucent interradial membranes and pale brown rays, proximally dark grey, both dorsally and ventrally.</p> <p>Preserved colouration. — Body colouration dorsally and laterally greyish, ventrally paler (Fig. 2A, B); isthmus, throat and thoracic regions grey, dark grey in some individuals. Small white speckles and vertical dark bars visible in preservation; on fins, live brown colour becoming grey and yellow whitish; live whitish pigmentation remains in preservation; other traits as in vivo.</p> <p>Distribution. — Boleophthalmus poti is presently known only from the delta of the Fly River, in the Gulf of Papua (Fig. 4).</p> <p>Etymology. — The indigenous people of the Wapi villages of Purutu Island, the type locality, call this species ‘poti’, that in their language means ‘spotted’ and refers to the numerous tiny whitish spots present on the head of this species.</p> <p>Remarks. — Freshly dead individuals of B. poti less than 5 cm SL (e.g., ZRC 51367) have a transparent, indistinct margin of D1, a much less densely pigmented D2 with columns of brownish spots on a transparent background, hyaline pelvic fins, scattered dark brown spots on the head and flanks on the anterior third of the body, and some irregular brown blotches on flanks, roughly corresponding to the dorsal saddle-like bands observed in larger specimens.</p> <p>Boleophthalmus birdsongi was the only congener reported previously to possess flattened dentary teeth, lacking notches (Murdy, 1989) but examination of all congeners revealed this tooth type is also present in B. caeruleomaculatus and B. poti.</p> <p>Boleophthalmus poti differs from B. birdsongi (Fig. 5A) in having fewer interdorsal scale rows (3–6 vs. 6–9, respectively; Tables 1, 3), a longer D1 base (13–15% SL vs. 10–13% SL, respectively; Murdy, 1989; Tables 2, 4), and in the colouration of the unpaired fins: in the latter species, D1 is proximally black and distally blue; D2 has a narrow whitish basal portion, proximally and medially black, and a yellowish to whitish marginal band.</p> <p>Boleophthalmus poti differs from B. caeruleomaculatus (Fig. 5B) in the smaller number of lateral-scale rows (97–119 vs. 130–151, respectively; Tables 1, 3), a shorter D2 base (40–43% SL vs. 43–48% SL, respectively) and a shorter pelvic disc (11–12%SL vs. 16–18%SL, respectively; Tables 2, 4; Murdy, 1989), in body colouration, which in the latter species includes sky-blue speckles on head, dorsum and flanks, and a sky-blue patch of skin below the orbits, and in the colouration of the unpaired fins: B. caeruleomaculatus lacks distinct marginal bands and has sky-blue spots on the interradial membranes, arranged in series along the whole length of rays.</p> <p>Boleophthalmus caeruleomaculatus also attains a larger size than the other two species (maximum recorded size = 165 mm, vs. 111 mm and 106 mm of B. birdsongi and B. poti, respectively; Murdy, 1989; Takita et al., 2011; this study), and exhibits sexual dimorphism in the D1: females have elongated spines III–V, the IV being the longest one.</p> <p>Multivariate analyses of meristic and morphometric datasets (n = 25; Tables 3, 4; Hammer et al., 2001) showed that B. birdsongi, B. caeruleomaculatus, and B. poti are morphologically distinct (Fig. 6A, B). Consistent with the above results, the length of D1 base and the pelvic fin length had higher PC1 and PC2 loadings (&gt;0.5; Fig. 6B).</p> <p>Boleophthalmus poti is traditionally consumed and used as bait in the delta of the Fly River, together with the other mudskipper species B. caeruleomaculatus and Periophthalmodon freycineti Quoy &amp; Gaimard (Polgar &amp; Lim, 2011).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C35E87E72D472E4AB6E4FD08ABE2F83C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Polgar, Gianluca;Jaafar, Zeehan;Konstantinidis, Peter	Polgar, Gianluca, Jaafar, Zeehan, Konstantinidis, Peter (2013): A New Species Of Mudskipper, Boleophthalmus Poti (Teleostei: Gobiidae: Oxudercinae) From The Gulf Of Papua, Papua New Guinea, And A Key To The Genus. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 61 (1): 311-321, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5351908
C35E87E72D4D2E47B59CFF48AED2FCFD.text	C35E87E72D4D2E47B59CFF48AED2FCFD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Boleophthalmus Valenciennes 1837	<div><p>KEY TO THE GENUS BOLEOPHTHALMUS</p> <p>This key is adapted from Murdy (1989). Colouration patterns and size of D1 refer to larger specimens.</p> <p>1. Flattened, horizontal dentary teeth lacking notches...............2</p> <p>– Flattened, horizontal dentary teeth notched............................4</p> <p>2. Length of D1 base is equal or less than 13% SL; tip of adpressed pectoral fin reaching a vertical point slightly posterior to terminus of D1; D1 membrane proximally black and distally blue in vivo, without spots, completely black in preserved material; D2 with a black, broad medial band, bordered by a narrow whitish basal band and a broad yellowish to whitish marginal band, hyaline on preservation (northern Australia)................................................... B. birdsongi Murdy</p> <p>– Length of D1 base is equal or more than 13% SL; tip of adpressed pectoral fin reaching a vertical point anterior to terminus of D1; D1 membrane with spots or speckles, not black in preserved material; D2 membrane without black medial bands, and with no marginal bands........................................3</p> <p>3. Pelvic-fin length is equal to, or greater than, 16% SL; lateral scale rows more than 125; D1, D2 with no distinct marginal band; D1, D2 and caudal fin with series of sky-blue spots, becoming whitish or semi-transparent on preservation, along the whole length of rays; sky-blue skin fold below eyes, not visible upon preservation (northern Australia and Gulf of Papua).................. B. caeruleomaculatus McCulloch &amp; Waite</p> <p>– Pelvic-fin length is equal to, or less than, 12% SL; lateral scale rows less than 120; D1 membrane with numerous tiny yellowish speckles (whitish on preservation) and a distinct whitish to sky-blue marginal band (whitish on preservation); D2 with few whitish spots in the proximal portion; caudal fin with no spots or speckles (Gulf of Papua)................................................................................................. B. poti, new species</p> <p>4. Longitudinal scales fewer than 80; dorsal margin of pectoral fin black, retained after preservation; in vivo, D1 bright yellow in smaller specimens; dark saddle-like bars often extending below the midline in the posterior third of the body, visible in preserved material (eastern and western coasts of India, Sunda Shelf, eastward to Sulawesi and the Moluccas).......................................................................................... B. boddarti (Pallas)</p> <p>– Longitudinal scales more than 80; pectoral fin with no dark margin; D1 never yellow in vivo; dark saddle-like bars or blotches on flanks never extending below midline, except on the hypural plate......................................................................5</p> <p>5. Length of caudal fin equal to, or greater than 22% SL; dark brown spots on D1, body and head (darker than background), visible in preservation (Arabian Sea and Persian Gulf)................................................................ B. dussumieri Valenciénnes</p> <p>– Length of caudal fin equal to or less than 22% SL; in vivo, scattered sky-blue spots on D1, body and head (paler than background), often not visible in preservation; black elongate blotches may be present in the distal portion of D1, visible in preservation (Sunda Shelf eastward and northward to southern Japan)............................................ B. pectinirostris (Linnaeus)</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C35E87E72D4D2E47B59CFF48AED2FCFD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Polgar, Gianluca;Jaafar, Zeehan;Konstantinidis, Peter	Polgar, Gianluca, Jaafar, Zeehan, Konstantinidis, Peter (2013): A New Species Of Mudskipper, Boleophthalmus Poti (Teleostei: Gobiidae: Oxudercinae) From The Gulf Of Papua, Papua New Guinea, And A Key To The Genus. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 61 (1): 311-321, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5351908
