taxonID	type	description	language	source
C3778797BB174A36E2C1F8C5FABAFC1A.taxon	description	Differs from other families in Pleosporales in being endophytic or parasitic forming large fleshy ascostromata on bamboo with sexual locules lining the periphery and asexual locules in the centre. Bitunicate asci are 6 - spored and ascospores are muriform. Endophytic or parasitic on bamboo. Ascostromata forming near ends of host branches, near petiole bases, superficial, pinkish, irregular, tuberculate, fleshy, ascostromata comprising cells of textura intricata, easily peeling off host tissues without damage. Locules immersed, arranged in a peripheral layer, subsphaerical or ellipsoidal, ostiolate. Peridium of locules comprising a single layer of light brown-walled cells. Hamathecium comprising relatively narrow, numerous, cellular pseudoparaphyses. Asci containing 6 ascospores, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical, with a long pedicel and a distinct ocular chamber. Ascospores uniseriate, fusiform, symmetrical, hyaline to light brown, muriform. Asexual state forming in young ascostromata. Locules immersed, arranged in rows or irregularly in ascostromata, cylindrical, ampulliform, globose, subglobose or irregular, lining comprising thick-walled cells of textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells, arising all around the basal region of the locules. Conidiogenous cells holoblastic, unbranched, discrete, indeterminate, cylindrical, septate, hyaline, smooth. Conidia fusiform, muriform, asymmetrical, hyaline to light brown, with irregularly arranged transverse and longitudinal septa, acute at base, apex obtuse, or obtuse at both ends, thick-walled, smooth. Notes: This unusual Dothideomycete is introduced as a new family based on is unique morphology and distinct separation from Phaeosphaeriaceae using nrLSU sequence data. The family is parasitic on bamboo and produces pinkish ascostromata containing numerous locules arranged in an outer layer, and bitunicate asci with six symmetrical, muriform ascospores. The asexual state is produced in immature ascostromata and forms hyaline muriform, but asymmetrical conidia. Morakotkarn et al. (2008) isolated seven Shiraia - like strains as endophytes from bamboo in Japan. One taxon produced a coelomycetous anamorph in culture with phialidic, ampulliform, conidiophores and small, cylindrical to ellipsoidal, aseptate, hyaline conidia.	en	Liu, Yong-Xiang, Li, Wen-Jing, Zhou, De-Qun, Yang, You-Lian, Chen, Yi-Meng, Liu, Zuo-Yi (2013): Shiraiaceae, new family of Pleosporales (Dothideomycetes, Ascomycota). Phytotaxa 103 (1): 51-60, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.103.1.4, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/bf6c123a-da46-3997-b6af-c3ab1154e16f/
C3778797BB164A31E2C1F997FBB9FE8A.taxon	description	Description from holotype at B Parasitic on bamboo branches. Ascostromata 1.5 – 4 cm high × 1 – 2.5 cm diam, superficial, pale brown, fleshy, tuberculate, smooth-walled, with irregularly reticulate lines between black openings of locules. Locules 455 – 930 µm diam × 475 – 1120 µm high (χ = 680 × 850 µm, n = 10), subglobose to globose, forming in a peripheral layer in the upper part of the ascostromata, ostiolate, ostioles scarcely prominent. Peridium of locules 30 – 40 µm, comprising light brown-walled cells of textura angularis, becoming textura intricata at the outside where they fuse with the cells of the ascostromata. Hamathecium comprising 1 – 3 µm wide, copious and thick-walled, hyaline, filiform pseudoparaphyses. Asci 300 – 515 × 23 – 42 µm (χ = 409 × 34 µm, n = 10), 6 - spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical, base attenuate with a relatively long pedicel, and a distinct ocular chamber, arranged parallel in the locules. Ascospores 75 – 125 × 23 – 47 µm (χ = 100 × 33 µm, n = 10), uniseriate, broadly fusiform to fusiform with broadly to narrowly rounded ends, pale brown, muriform, constricted at the septa. Asexual state: Conidia only observed, ca. 70 × 40 µm.	en	Liu, Yong-Xiang, Li, Wen-Jing, Zhou, De-Qun, Yang, You-Lian, Chen, Yi-Meng, Liu, Zuo-Yi (2013): Shiraiaceae, new family of Pleosporales (Dothideomycetes, Ascomycota). Phytotaxa 103 (1): 51-60, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.103.1.4, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/bf6c123a-da46-3997-b6af-c3ab1154e16f/
C3778797BB164A36E2C1FC38FC2CFA65.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Shiraia bambusicola Henn., Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 28: 274 (1900)	en	Liu, Yong-Xiang, Li, Wen-Jing, Zhou, De-Qun, Yang, You-Lian, Chen, Yi-Meng, Liu, Zuo-Yi (2013): Shiraiaceae, new family of Pleosporales (Dothideomycetes, Ascomycota). Phytotaxa 103 (1): 51-60, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.103.1.4, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/bf6c123a-da46-3997-b6af-c3ab1154e16f/
