identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
C3288791FF8FFFBE25B1FDC8FC8A3070.text	C3288791FF8FFFBE25B1FDC8FC8A3070.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Conocephalus (Conocephalus) conocephalus (Linnaeus 1767)	<div><p>Conocephalus (Conocephalus) conocephalus (Linnaeus, 1767)</p> <p>Figs 1-5, 11–15</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. Russia: Krasnodarsky krai, vicinity of Adler, vill. Sirius,</p> <p>43.39º N, 39.98º E, 30 IX. 2023, 3 ♂, 3 ♀ (Korsunovskaya).</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION. Russia (new record). North Africa, Europe from Iberian Peninsula to southwestern Balkans, Greece, and Turkey (Harz, 1969; Massa, 2009; Hemp, 2013; Massa et al., 2012; Bazelet &amp; Nasckrecki, 2014).</p> <p>REMARKS. The main morphological characters of studied specimens (Figs 1–5) well agree with those of European (Harz, 1969; Willemse et al., 2018) and African ones (Naskrecki &amp; Guta, 2019; Hemp, 2021). In Krasnodarsy krai these bush crickets were caught in an area of about 500 m 2 overgrown with cereals. The population density was quite high: from one to three individuals could be found per 1 m 2. During the daytime, high acoustic activity of males was observed. The captured insects were just as active in the laboratory and cages, as in the wild environment. Males constantly produce songs, and at night their signals became long, similar to trills. These songs are not different from those previously recorded for European (Ragge &amp; Reynolds, 1998) and African specimens (Heller, 2019). A distinctive feature of the songs is the periodic change in the syllable amplitude (Fig. 11), which is less frequent, however, at night (Fig. 12). The structure of soft (Fig. 13) and loud (Fig. 14) syllables is similar. At 22 oC, the mean duration of soft closing hemisyllables in short series is 87 ms (SD=8 ms); mean duration of loud closing hemisyllables – 81 ms (SD=6 ms). Syllable repetition rate in daytime songs is 7–8 s-1, in nocturnal signals up to 10 s-1. The frequency spectra of diurnal and nocturnal songs are also similar. They occupy the 15–100 kHz band. Several maxima can be distinguished in the spectra. The dominant one is located in the range of either 40–50 or 50–60 kHz (Fig. 15). Comparison of acoustic signals of C. conocephalus from populations separated by thousands of km indicates the extreme stability of their temporal pattern and frequency characteristics (see, e. g. Heller, 2019). This phenomenon can obviously be explained by similar living conditions (in dense grass, with a high population density). Thus, the signals with similar parameters were formed, ensuring both optimal sound propagation in the biotope and successful recognition of sounds by conspecific specimens.</p> <p>Subfamily Tettigoniinae</p> <p>Tribe Platycleidini</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C3288791FF8FFFBE25B1FDC8FC8A3070	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korsunovskaya, O. S.	Korsunovskaya, O. S. (2024): New for Russia bush crickets (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) from Crimea and Caucasus. Far Eastern Entomologist 495: 17-21, DOI: 10.25221/fee.495.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.25221/fee.495.3
C3288791FF8DFFBE25B1FDD9FC803100.text	C3288791FF8DFFBE25B1FDD9FC803100.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Incertana incerta (Brunner von Wattenwyl 1882)	<div><p>Incertana incerta (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1882</p> <p>Figs 6–9</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. Russia: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=33.49&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=44.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 33.49/lat 44.5)">Western Crimea</a>, near the Sevastopol City, Cape Fiolent, 44.50º N, 33.49º E, IX. 2003, 1♂, 1♀, (Avdonin).</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION. Russia (new record). Balkan Peninsula (Southeastern Macedonia, the eastern part of continental Greece and adjacent islands, Bulgaria, Romania), coastal regions of Turkey and Syria (Harz, 1969; Willemse, 1984; Ünal, 2009; Chobanov, 2009; Willemse et al., 2018).</p> <p>REMARKS. In Crimea, Incertana incerta is a rare bush cricket; it should be classified as a specially protected species and included in the regional Red Book.</p> <p>Tribe Pholidopterini</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C3288791FF8DFFBE25B1FDD9FC803100	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korsunovskaya, O. S.	Korsunovskaya, O. S. (2024): New for Russia bush crickets (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) from Crimea and Caucasus. Far Eastern Entomologist 495: 17-21, DOI: 10.25221/fee.495.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.25221/fee.495.3
C3288791FF8DFFBE25B1FC7EFCE93736.text	C3288791FF8DFFBE25B1FC7EFCE93736.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parapholidoptera georgiae Massa, Buzzetti et Fontana 2009	<div><p>Parapholidoptera georgiae Massa, Buzzetti et Fontana, 2009</p> <p>Fig. 10</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. Russia: the Chechen Republic, Tersky Ridge, near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.74&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.99" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.74/lat 42.99)">Grozny City</a>, 43.54º N, 44.76º E, VII. 1986, 2 ♂ (Tishechkin); Stavropolsky krai, near Pyatigorsk City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.74&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.99" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.74/lat 42.99)">Mt Mashuk</a>, 44.05º N, 43.04º E, 12–16.VIII 1996, 2 ♂, 1 ♀ (Benediktov); Daghestan, near Gertma vil., 42.99º N, 46.74º E, 10 VIII 1991, 1 ♂ (Matveev).</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION. Russia: North Caucasus (new record). Georgia.</p> <p>REMARKS. Parapholidoptera georgiae was described from the Vashlovanis Nature Reserve in Georgia (Massa et al., 2009). This species is similar to P. noxia (Ramme, 1930) but differs from the latter in the shape of the female subgenital plate and the male titillators. The specimens stored in the collection of MSU and previously determinate as P. noxia actually belong to P. georgiae. Currently, four species of the genus Parapholidoptera, namely P. kalashiani Massa, Buzzetti et Fontana, 2009, P. georgiae and P. noxia, are found in Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan and the Northern Caucasus (Çiplak, 2000; Cigliano et al., 2023) but the distribution of the latter species requires verification.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C3288791FF8DFFBE25B1FC7EFCE93736	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korsunovskaya, O. S.	Korsunovskaya, O. S. (2024): New for Russia bush crickets (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) from Crimea and Caucasus. Far Eastern Entomologist 495: 17-21, DOI: 10.25221/fee.495.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.25221/fee.495.3
