identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
DDD8972326945EB1835C7E09E364EC59.text	DDD8972326945EB1835C7E09E364EC59.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diploexochus Brandt 1833	<div><p>Genus Diploexochus Brandt, 1833</p><p>Type species.</p><p>Diploexochus echinatus Brandt, 1833, by monotypy (see Schmidt and Leistikow 2004).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DDD8972326945EB1835C7E09E364EC59	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Borja-Arrieta, Ricardo;López-Orozco, Carlos Mario;Carpio-Díaz, Yesenia M.;Gutierrez-Estrada, Miguel;Campos-Filho, Ivanklin Soares;Navas-S., Gabriel R.;Bichuette, Maria Elina	Borja-Arrieta, Ricardo, López-Orozco, Carlos Mario, Carpio-Díaz, Yesenia M., Gutierrez-Estrada, Miguel, Campos-Filho, Ivanklin Soares, Navas-S., Gabriel R., Bichuette, Maria Elina (2025): From surface to caves: new species of Diploexochus Brandt, 1833 (Oniscidea, Armadillidae) from Colombia, with the description of the first troglobitic species. ZooKeys 1223: 263-288, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1223.133267
D66510F7C24956A2911310FF7BACEAD8.text	D66510F7C24956A2911310FF7BACEAD8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diploexochus brevispinis (Pearse 1915) Borja-Arrieta & López-Orozco & Carpio-Díaz & Gutierrez-Estrada & Campos-Filho & Navas-S. & Bichuette 2025	<div><p>Diploexochus brevispinis (Pearse, 1915) comb. nov.</p><p>Figs 1, 2, 3, 4, 8 A, 13 A</p><p>Cubaris brevispinis Pearse, 1915: 543, fig. 5.</p><p>Cubaris brevispinis: Van Name 1936: 382, fig. 232.</p><p>Venezillo (Vandelillo) brevispinis: Arcangeli 1957: 121.</p><p>Venezillo brevispinis: Leistikow and Wägele 1999: 47; Schmalfuss 2003: 286.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Colombia • 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (parts in micropreparations), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-74.0919&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=11.109484" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -74.0919/lat 11.109484)">Hacienda Cafetera Cincinati</a>, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Santa Marta, Magdalena, 11°6'34.14"N, 74°5'30.84"W, leg. CM López-Orozco, YM Carpio-Díaz, 13. VIII. 2018, CBUDC-CRU 344 • 3 ♂, 4 ♀, same locality and collectors as for preceding, CBUDC-CRU 343 .</p><p>Redescription.</p><p>Maximum body length: male 7 mm, female 7.5 mm. Color dark brown, cephalon, pereon, pleon, and telson strongly pigmented, pleonites 3–5 epimera less pigmented (Fig. 8 A); upper portion of tubercles, pereonite 1 epimera anterior and posterior corners, pereonites 2, 3, and 6 epimera weakly pigmented, sometimes depigmented. Color pattern preserved in ethanol (Figs 2 A, 13 A). Body in lateral view as in Fig. 2 A. Endoantennal conglobation (Figs 2 A, 13 A). Dorsum covered with large triangular tubercles, arranged as follows (Fig. 2 A, B): vertex of cephalon with 10 tubercles in three rows; pereonite 1 with 25–29 tubercles; pereonites 2–6 with 17 tubercles; pereonite 7 with 15 tubercles; pleonites 3–5 with one tubercle on median portion, and telson with two paramedian tubercles. Pereonites 1–7 epimera with one line of noduli laterales per side inserted on outer surface of second tubercle of posterior row (Fig. 2 A). Dorsal surface with short semi-circular scale-setae (Fig. 2 C). Cephalon (Fig. 2 D – F) with frontal shield prominent, distinctly protruding above vertex; eyes of 16 ommatidia. Pereonites 1–7 epimera flattened and directed outwards; pereonite 1 strongly grooved on lateral margin, inner lobe of schisma rounded, not extending beyond posterior margin of outer lobe (Fig. 2 G – H), pereonite 2 with triangular ventral lobe obliquely directed backwards; pereonites 3–7 with oblique ventral ridge (Fig. 2 A – G). Pleonites 3–5 (Fig. 2 I, J) with epimera well developed, rectangular, and directed outwards. Telson (Fig. 2 I) with proximal part slightly broader than distal part, dorsum slightly depressed, distal margin straight. Antennula (Fig. 2 K) of three articles, proximal article longest, distal article with five aesthetascs inserted apically. Antenna (Fig. 2 L) short, not surpassing posterior margin of pereonite 1 when extended backwards; flagellum of two articles, distal article about three times as long as first bearing one row of two lateral aesthetascs. Mandibles with molar penicil dichotomized; left mandible (Fig. 3 A) with 2 + 1 penicils, right mandible (Fig. 3 B) with 1 + 1 penicils. Maxillula (Fig. 3 C) inner endite with two stout penicils; outer endite with 4 + 6 simple teeth. Maxilla (Fig. 3 D) inner lobe rounded and covered with thick setae; outer lobe rounded, twice as wide as inner lobe, covered with thin setae. Maxilliped (Fig. 3 E) basis rectangular bearing sparse setae; palp with two distinct setae on basal article; endite subrectangular, medial seta overpassing distal margin, distal margin with one short seta. Pereopods 1–7 merus and carpus with sparse setae on sternal margin; carpus 1 with distal setae cleft at apex; ungual seta and dactylar organ simple. Uropod (Fig. 3 F) protopod flattened, enlarged on basal part, distal part subrectangular, medial margin slightly concave; exopod short, inserted dorsally near medial margin below distinct lobe, lobe not extending beyond medial margin. Pleopod exopods 1–5 with monospiracular respiratory structures.</p><p>Male. Pereopods 1–7 (Fig. 4 A, B) without particular modifications. Genital papilla as in Fig. 5 C. Pleopod 1 (Fig. 4 D) exopod triangular, wider than long, outer and inner margin bearing many small setae, distal part triangular, proximal outer part quadrangular; endopod about twice as long as exopod, distal portion slightly directed outwards. Pleopod 2 (Fig. 4 E) exopod triangular, outer margin strongly concave bearing many setae; endopod longer than exopod. Pleopod 3–5 exopods as in Fig. 4 F – H.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Pearse (1915) described Cubaris brevispinis from Minca, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia. Vandel (1952) proposed new morphological characters for the genus Venezillo, such as the shape of the epimera and ventral lobes of pereonites 1 and 2. Arcangeli (1957), based on the previous characters, transferred C. brevispinis to the genus Venezillo, at that time within the subgenus Vandelillo .</p><p>Among the characteristics mentioned by Pearse (1915), the number and arrangement of the dorsal tubercles of the cephalon, pereonites 2–7, pleon, and telson, the shape and direction of the pereonites 1–7 epimera, and the number of ommatidia were confirmed here. The only distinct characteristic contrasting with the original description was the number of tubercles on pereonite 1. Pearse reported 29 tubercles, while 25 were observed in the present study. Probably, this difference is related with the size of the specimens. Additionally, in the drawings of Pearse, the lateral schisma of the pereonite 1 epimera reached about half of its length, which was also confirmed here [see Fig. 2 F – H for comparison with Pearse (1915)]. Thus, based on the generic diagnostic characters mentioned previously, V. brevispinis is placed into the genus Diploexochus .</p><p>Diploexochus brevispinis comb. nov. easily differs from D. carrapicho, D. echinatus, D. exu, D. obscurus, and D. spinatus in the number and arrangement of the dorsal tubercles of the cephalon, pereon, and pleon. Moreover, it differs in having the antennula with five distal aesthetascs (vs six in D. exu and D. carrapicho, 10 in D. echinatus, seven in D. obscurus, and nine in D. spinatus), mandibles with dichotomized molar penicil (vs simple in all species), and uropod protopod with median lobe not protruding beyond the medial margin (vs protruding in all species) (see Campos-Filho et al. 2017 a, 2023 a; Cardoso et al. 2023).</p><p>Natural history.</p><p>Specimens of Diploexochus brevispinis comb. nov. were collected under fallen logs in a sub-Andean forest close to the road at the Cincinnati farm in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Magdalena, Colombia (Fig. 8 A).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>This species is known only from its type locality in Tropical Dry Forest (TDF) and Andean forest of Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (Fig. 1).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D66510F7C24956A2911310FF7BACEAD8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Borja-Arrieta, Ricardo;López-Orozco, Carlos Mario;Carpio-Díaz, Yesenia M.;Gutierrez-Estrada, Miguel;Campos-Filho, Ivanklin Soares;Navas-S., Gabriel R.;Bichuette, Maria Elina	Borja-Arrieta, Ricardo, López-Orozco, Carlos Mario, Carpio-Díaz, Yesenia M., Gutierrez-Estrada, Miguel, Campos-Filho, Ivanklin Soares, Navas-S., Gabriel R., Bichuette, Maria Elina (2025): From surface to caves: new species of Diploexochus Brandt, 1833 (Oniscidea, Armadillidae) from Colombia, with the description of the first troglobitic species. ZooKeys 1223: 263-288, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1223.133267
A3B0B48A9AFE52E9A07AD8B88DC400DB.text	A3B0B48A9AFE52E9A07AD8B88DC400DB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diploexochus cacique Lopez-Orozco, Carpio-Diaz & Campos-Filho 2025	<div><p>Diploexochus cacique López-Orozco, Carpio-Díaz &amp; Campos-Filho sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 1, 5, 6, 7, 8 B, 13 B</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Colombia • 1 ♂, holotype, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.78525&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=11.1259165" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.78525/lat 11.1259165)">Cerro Bañaderos</a>, Hatonuevo, La Guajira, 11°7'33.3"N, 72°47'6.9"W, 12. I. 2016, leg. M Gutierrez-Estrada, CBUC-CRU 350 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (parts in micropreparations), paratypes, same data as holotype, CBUDC-CRU 413 • 1 ♀, paratypes, same data as holotype, CBUDC-CRU 414 .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Maximum body length: male 8 mm, female 9 mm. Body outline as in Fig. 5 A. Color dark brown with typical muscular insertions (Figs 8 B, 13 B); upper portion of tubercles randomly depigmented; pereonite 1 epimera anterior corner, pereonites 2–7 paramedian portions, pereonites 3 and 4 epimera, and pleonites 3–5 epimera randomly depigmented. Endoantennal conglobation (Figs 5 A, 8 B, 13 B). Dorsum covered with large triangular tubercles, arranged as follows (Fig. 5 A, B): vertex of cephalon with 12 tubercles in three rows; pereonite 1 with 20 tubercles; pereonites 2–6 with 16 tubercles; pereonite 7 with 15 tubercles; pleonites 3–5 and telson with two paramedian tubercles. Pereonites 1–7 epimera with one line of noduli laterales per side inserted on outer surface of second tubercle of posterior row (Fig. 5 A). Dorsal surface with short and narrow semi-circular scale-setae (Fig. 5 C). Cephalon (Fig. 5 D – F) with frontal shield prominent, distinctly protruding above vertex; eyes with 20–21 ommatidia. Pereonites 1–7 epimera flattened and slightly directed outwards; pereonite 1 strongly grooved on lateral margin, inner lobe of schisma rounded, extending beyond posterior margin of outer lobe (Fig. 5 G, H), pereonite 2 with triangular and narrow ventral lobe directed outwards, not extending beyond posterior margin of epimera; pereonites 4–7 with oblique ventral ridge (Fig. 5 F – H). Pleonites 3–5 (Fig. 5 I, J) with epimera well developed, rectangular and slightly directed outwards. Telson (Fig. 5 I) with proximal part slightly broader than distal part, dorsum slightly depressed, distal margin straight. Antennula (Fig. 5 K) of three articles, proximal and distal articles subequal in length, distal article with four aesthetascs inserted sub-apically. Antenna (Fig. 5 L) short, not surpassing posterior margin of pereonite 1 when extended backwards; flagellum of two articles, distal article about twice as long as first bearing one row of two lateral aesthetascs. Mandibles with molar penicil semi-dichotomized; left mandible (Fig. 6 A) with 2 + 1 penicils, right mandible (Fig. 6 B) with 1 + 1 penicils. Maxillula (Fig. 6 C) inner endite with two stout penicils, distal margin bearing fringe of thin setae; outer endite of 4 + 6 teeth simple. Maxilla (Fig. 6 D) inner lobe rounded covered with thick setae; outer lobe rounded, three times as wide as inner lobe, covered with thin setae. Maxilliped (Fig. 6 E) basis rectangular bearing sparse setae; palp with two distinct setae on basal article; endite subrectangular, medial seta overpassing distal margin, distal margin bearing two setae. Pereopods 1–7 merus and carpus bearing setae on sternal margin, not sparse appearance; carpus 1 with distal setae cleft at apex; ungual seta and dactylar organ simple, both surpassing outer claw. Uropod (Fig. 6 F) protopod flattened, enlarged on basal part, distal part subrectangular, medial margin concave; exopod short inserted dorsally near medial margin bellow distinct lobe, lobe not extending beyond medial margin; endopod club-shaped bearing many short setae on distal part. Pleopods 1–5 exopods with monospiracular respiratory structures.</p><p>Male. Pereopods 1–7 (Fig. 7 A, B) without particular modifications. Genital papilla as in Fig. 9 C. Pleopod 1 (Fig. 7 C) exopod triangular, as wide as long, outer and inner margin bearing many small setae, distal and proximal outer parts triangular; endopod about twice as long as exopod. Pleopod 2 (Fig. 7 D) exopod triangular, outer margin strongly concave bearing many setae; endopod slightly longer than exopod. Pleopod 3–5 exopods as in Fig. 7 E – G.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The new species is named after the Vallenato music singer Diomedes Díaz Maestre, also known as “ El Cacique de la Junta ”.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Diploexochus cacique sp. nov. easily differs from the previously mentioned species in the pattern of the dorsal tubercles of the pleon and telson, the pereonites 1 and 2 epimera with ventral lobes surpassing the posterior margin of the epimera, and the club-shaped uropod endopod.</p><p>Natural history.</p><p>Specimens of Diploexochus cacique sp. nov. were collected on tree bark around the Luis Pablo Ojeda Cave (Bañaderos cave), Cerro Bañaderos, Hatonuevo, La Guajira (Fig. 8 B). The area where the D. cacique sp. nov. species is found is composed of TDF and is part of the Sierra de Bañadero integrated management district (DMI), a mountain system in the upper basin of the Camarones River in the department of La Guajira, which is connected to the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>This species is known only from the type locality at Cerro Bañaderos, Hatonuevo, La Guajira, which is included into a TDF area (Fig. 1).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A3B0B48A9AFE52E9A07AD8B88DC400DB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Borja-Arrieta, Ricardo;López-Orozco, Carlos Mario;Carpio-Díaz, Yesenia M.;Gutierrez-Estrada, Miguel;Campos-Filho, Ivanklin Soares;Navas-S., Gabriel R.;Bichuette, Maria Elina	Borja-Arrieta, Ricardo, López-Orozco, Carlos Mario, Carpio-Díaz, Yesenia M., Gutierrez-Estrada, Miguel, Campos-Filho, Ivanklin Soares, Navas-S., Gabriel R., Bichuette, Maria Elina (2025): From surface to caves: new species of Diploexochus Brandt, 1833 (Oniscidea, Armadillidae) from Colombia, with the description of the first troglobitic species. ZooKeys 1223: 263-288, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1223.133267
706611444DB854F3898BA892503DEBD3.text	706611444DB854F3898BA892503DEBD3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diploexochus troglobius Lopez-Orozco, Borja-Arrieta & Campos-Filho 2025	<div><p>Diploexochus troglobius López-Orozco, Borja-Arrieta &amp; Campos-Filho sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 1, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 C</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Colombia • 1 ♂, holotype, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.3935&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.513945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.3935/lat 9.513945)">Roca madre Cave</a>, Campo Aventura Roca Madre, La Piche, Toluviejo, Sucre, 9°30'50.2"N, 75°23'36.6"W, 12. VII. 2018, leg. CM López-Orozco, R Borja-Arrieta, CBUDC-CRU 393 • 1 ♂, paratypes, same data as holotype, CBUDC-CRU 394 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (parts in micro-preparations), paratypes, same data as holotype, CBUDC-CRU 396 .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Maximum body length: male 2.7 mm, female 4.2 mm. Body outline as in Fig. 9 A. Color faintly brown; body pigments not discernible in vivo (Fig. 12 D). Endoantennal conglobation (Figs 9 A, 12 D, 13 C). Dorsum covered with large triangular tubercles, arranged as follows (Fig. 9 A, B): vertex of cephalon with 10 tubercles in two rows; pereonite 1 with 19 tubercles; pereonites 2–6 with 13 tubercles; pereonite 7 with 11 tubercles; pleonites 3, 4, and telson with two median tubercles. Pereonites 1–7 epimera with one line of noduli laterales per side inserted on outer surface of second tubercle of posterior row (Fig. 9 A). Dorsal surface densely covered with elongated semi-circular scale-setae, conferring pilous aspect (Fig. 9 C). Cephalon (Fig. 9 D – F) with prominent frontal shield, distinctly protruding above vertex; eyes with four ommatidia. Pereonites 1–7 epimera flattened and slightly directed outwards; pereonite 1 grooved on posterior lateral margin, inner lobe of schisma rounded and extending beyond posterior margin of outer lobe. Pereonite 2 with triangular ventral lobe rounded at apex, extending beyond posterior margin of epimera; pereonites 3 and 5–7 with well-marked ventral ridge (Fig. 9 A, F, G). Pleonites 3–5 epimera (Fig. 9 H, I) well developed, sub-rectangular, and directed outwards, distal margins rounded. Telson (Fig. 9 H) with proximal part broader than distal part, dorsum slightly depressed, distal margin sinuous. Antennula (Fig. 9 J) of three articles, proximal and distal subequal in length, distal article with five stout aesthetascs inserted sub-apically. Antenna (Fig. 9 K) short, not surpassing posterior margin of pereonite 1 when extended backward; flagellum of two articles, the distal about three times as long as first, bearing one row of two lateral aesthetascs. Mandibles with molar penicil semi-dichotomized; left mandible (Fig. 10 A) with 2 + 1 penicils, right mandible (Fig. 10 B) with 1 + 1 penicils. Maxillula (Fig. 10 C) inner endite with two stout penicils, distal margin bearing thin setae; outer endite with 4 + 6 teeth simple. Maxilla (Fig. 10 D) inner lobe rounded covered with thick setae; outer lobe rounded three times as wide as inner lobe covered with thin setae. Maxilliped basis (Fig. 10 E) rectangular, bearing sparse setae; palp with two distinct setae on basal article; endite subrectangular, medial seta surpassing distal margin, distal margin bearing one seta. Pereopods 1–7 merus and carpus with sparse setae on sternal margin; carpus 1 with distal seta cleft at apex; ungual seta and dactylar organ simple not surpassing outer claw. Uropod (Fig. 10 F) protopod flattened, enlarged on basal part, distal part elongated and sub-rectangular, distal margin rounded, medial margin concave with L-shaped appearance; exopod as long as endopod inserted dorsally near medial margin bellow distinct lobe, lobe not extending beyond medial margin; endopod short bearing many short setae. Pleopods 1–5 exopods with monospiracular respiratory structures.</p><p>Male. Pereopods 1–7 (Fig. 11 A, B) without particular modifications. Genital papilla as in Fig. 11 C. Pleopod 1 (Fig. 11 D) exopod hour-glass shaped, twice as wide as long, inner portion rounded, outer portion triangular, distal and proximal margins narrow on middle; endopod about three times as long as exopod. Pleopod 2 (Fig. 11 E) exopod triangular, outer margin strongly concave; endopod slightly longer than exopod. Pleopod 3–5 exopods as in Fig. 11 F – H.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Latin: troglo + bio = cave-dwelling. The new name of the species is an adjective that refers to the troglobitic category of the species.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Diploexochus troglobius sp. nov. is easily distinguishable from the congeners in the arrangement of the dorsal tubercles of the pleon, dorsal surface with pilose aspect, eyes of four ommatidia, and the shape of the male pleopod 1 exopod.</p><p>Natural history.</p><p>Specimens of D. troglobius sp. nov. were collected in the aphotic zone of the Roca Madre Cave, beneath limestone rocks (Fig. 12 D). This species is considered troglobitic due to the reduction of body pigments and reduction in the number of ommatidia. In addition, several surveys were conducted outside the cave and other subterranean ecosystems to confirm its restricted distribution. This species is considered endemic to the study area.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>This species is known only from the type locality at Roca Madre Cave, Sucre, inserted on TDF area (Fig. 1).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/706611444DB854F3898BA892503DEBD3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Borja-Arrieta, Ricardo;López-Orozco, Carlos Mario;Carpio-Díaz, Yesenia M.;Gutierrez-Estrada, Miguel;Campos-Filho, Ivanklin Soares;Navas-S., Gabriel R.;Bichuette, Maria Elina	Borja-Arrieta, Ricardo, López-Orozco, Carlos Mario, Carpio-Díaz, Yesenia M., Gutierrez-Estrada, Miguel, Campos-Filho, Ivanklin Soares, Navas-S., Gabriel R., Bichuette, Maria Elina (2025): From surface to caves: new species of Diploexochus Brandt, 1833 (Oniscidea, Armadillidae) from Colombia, with the description of the first troglobitic species. ZooKeys 1223: 263-288, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1223.133267
