taxonID	type	description	language	source
C1146C7C4C39FF8702CDC2B91F34FBD8.taxon	materials_examined	Material: 1 specimen. FL, 32 µm; AL, 22 µm; MD, 9 µm; DS 12 x 14 µm; DSp, 22 µm. Large species, 252 – 340 µm in total body length (Balsamo & Todaro 1995). Five-lobed head. Hypostomium large, approximately 20 µm in width, shaped as a concave transverse bar. Dorsal sensory bristles present, posterior pair emerging from double-keeled scales. Dorsal surface covered by pentagonal scales, with posterior incisions. Scales bear simple spines. In the posterior dorsal trunk region scales with shorter spines. The Swedish specimen, an adult in parthenogenetic phase, was in bad condition, but diagnostic features such as shape of scales and spines and the hypostomium could be recorded. Previously reported from Italy (Balsamo & Todaro 1995).	en	Kånneby, Tobias (2013): New species and records of freshwater Chaetonotus (Gastrotricha: Chaetonotidae) from Sweden. Zootaxa 3701 (5): 551-588, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3701.5.3
C1146C7C4C39FF8902CDC4D218A0FE8F.taxon	materials_examined	Material: 2 specimens. TL, 101 – 106 µm; FL, 15 µm; AL, 8 – 9 µm; PhL, 24 – 25 µm; MD, 3 – 4 µm; CW, 10 µm; DC, 7; DR, 13 – 15; HS, 3 x 2 µm; NS, 4 x 3 µm; DS, 6 x 4 µm; HSp, 3 µm; NSp, 3 – 4 µm; DSp, 6 – 9 µm; VC, 3 – 4; VTS, 8 – 9 x 2 µm. Small species. Head weakly five-lobed with two pairs of cephalic sensory ciliary tufts. Hypostomium developed as a trapezoidal plate behind mouth. Furca straight. Adhesive tubes constituting almost 2 / 3 of the total furca length. Anterior and posterior dorsal sensory bristles present, posterior pair emerging from sub-triangular double keeled scales at U 76 – 77. Dorsal body surface covered by three-lobed scales with barbed spines. Four scales in the mid-posterior trunk region with longer simple spines. Four pairs of keeled scales, with very short spines, at the base of each furcal appendage. Scales and spines increase in size towards the posterior end. Ventral interciliary area with mostly smooth scales, posteriormost row keeled. Ventral terminal scales rounded rectangular and keeled. In addition four smaller keeled ventral scales at the caudal incision. Ventral ciliation in two separate longitudinal bands, which widen on the head. Pharynx slightly swollen at both ends. PhIJ at U 29. Intestine straight with anus at U 81. The Swedish specimens were in parthenogenetic phase and correspond well to the original description by Balsamo & Fregni (1995). However, parafurcal spines appear more pronounced. In addition one of the specimens show a double keeled scale, not unlike the ones found in Chaetonotus (H.) hystrix Metschnikoff, 1865, at the base of the furcal appendage. The double-keeled scale could only be seen on one side of the animal. Because of the 4 dorsal long simple spines and the trapezoidal hypostomium together with other morphometric data the Swedish specimens are considered C. (C.) benacensis. Previously reported from Italy (Balsamo & Fregni 1995) and Sweden (Kånneby et al. 2009). Chaetonotus (Chaetonotus) daphnes Balsamo & Todaro, 1995 (Fig. 3)	en	Kånneby, Tobias (2013): New species and records of freshwater Chaetonotus (Gastrotricha: Chaetonotidae) from Sweden. Zootaxa 3701 (5): 551-588, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3701.5.3
C1146C7C4C39FF8902CDC4D218A0FE8F.taxon	description	Localities: Storlien E, Jämtland (N 63 º 18 ’ 42 ’’; E 12 º 06 ’ 43 ’’), July 10, 2008; Skarvesäter, Bohuslän (N 58 º 14 ’ 41 ’’; E 11 º 22 ’ 63 ’’), July 16, 2009; Lake Trösvattnet, Västmanland (N 59 º 33 ’ 21 ’’; E 14 º 29 ’ 23 ’’) December 1, 2007; Gravel pit, Åhus, Skåne (N 55 º 55 ’ 43 ’’; E 14 º 15 ’ 08 ’’) April 10, 2009.	en	Kånneby, Tobias (2013): New species and records of freshwater Chaetonotus (Gastrotricha: Chaetonotidae) from Sweden. Zootaxa 3701 (5): 551-588, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3701.5.3
C1146C7C4C39FF8902CDC4D218A0FE8F.taxon	materials_examined	Material: 5 specimens. TL, 147 – 176 µm; FL, 18 – 20 µm; AL, 8 – 10 µm; PhL, 38 – 42 µm; MD, 7 µm; CW, 11 – 14 µm; TNC, 56 – 61; DC, 28 – 35; DR, 30 – 35; VLC, 20 – 22; HS, 1 – 2 x 0.5 – 1 µm; NS, 1.5 – 3 x 0.5 – 1 µm; DS, 1.5 – 3 x 0.5 – 1 µm; HSp, 1 – 2 µm; NSp, 1 – 2 µm; DSp, 1 – 2 µm; VC, 8 – 10; VTS, 7 x 4 µm. Five-lobed head with two pairs of cephalic sensory ciliary tufts of equal length. Large cephalion. Anterior and posterior dorsal sensory bristles present, posterior pair emerging from rounded three-lobed double keeled scales at U 82 – 84. Furca short and straight with thick adhesive tubes. Dorsal surface covered by small three-lobed keeled scales, with very short simple spines. Furcal base with three pairs of larger keeled scales that lack spines. Ventral interciliary area covered with small suboval scales with short spines. Ventral terminal scales keeled and suboval in shape. Ventral ciliation in two separate longitudinal bands. Mouth terminal. Pharynx widens towards the posterior end. PhIJ at U 28 – 29. Intestine straight with anus at U 86 – 88. The Swedish specimens, all in parthenogenetic phase, agree well with the description of Balsamo & Todaro (1995). One specimen showed dimensions and morphometric characters just above the literature data reported for this species. C. (C.) daphnes appears to be quite common, at least in Sweden, but may have been mistaken for Heterolepidoderma in the past because of the very short spines that resembles keels. Previously reported from Italy (Balsamo & Todaro 1995) and Sweden (Kånneby et al. 2013).	en	Kånneby, Tobias (2013): New species and records of freshwater Chaetonotus (Gastrotricha: Chaetonotidae) from Sweden. Zootaxa 3701 (5): 551-588, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3701.5.3
C1146C7C4C37FF8802CDC58E1F54FD3B.taxon	materials_examined	Material: 7 specimens. TL, 193 – 240 µm; FL, 26 – 35 µm; AL, 20 – 26 µm; PhL, 55 – 70 µm; MD, 7 – 8 µm; CW, 18 µm; TNC, ~ 16; DC, 9 – 11; DR, ~ 22; VLC, ~ 6; HS, 3 x 5 µm; NS, 4 – 5 x 6 µm; DS, 10 – 15 x 10 – 15 µm; HSp, 6 – 7 µm; NSp, 6 – 7 µm; DSp, 20 – 32 µm; VC, 5 – 6; VR, ~ 22; VTS, 12 – 14 x 6 – 8 µm. Five-lobed head with two pairs of cephalic sensory ciliary tufts. Cephalion well developed. Hypostomium present. Anterior and posterior dorsal sensory bristles present, posterior pair emerging from sub-triangular doublekeeled scales at U 76 – 78. Furca straight with adhesive tubes contributing to approximately 3 / 4 of the total furca length. Dorsal body surface covered by three-lobed to pentagonal scales with simple or barbed spines. In the head and neck region scales are more or less rectangular to pentagonal in shape. Anteriormost scales, just behind the cephalion, keeled and with or without spines. Dorsal and lateral spines increase in length towards the posterior end. In the posterior end a pair of barbed parafurcal spines that almost reach the tip of the adhesive tubes. Between the furcal branches 4 – 7 barbed spines originating from the dorsal side. Ventrolateral scales and spines similar to those of the dorsal side. Ventral interciliary field covered with round to oval keeled scales. Ventral terminal scales large, suboval and keeled. Posterior to these a pair of three-lobed to sub-triangular keeled scales with short fine spines. Ventrally at the base of each furcal branch several small keeled scales; the keel of each scale sometimes drawn out to form a spine. Ventral ciliation in two separate longitudinal bands that widen on the head. Mouth terminal. Pharynx large and muscular. PhIJ at U 31 – 34. Intestine straight with anus at U 84 – 85. C. (C.) heterospinosus is a very variable species. In addition to the nominal form, Balsamo (1980) subsequently described three other forms. These forms differ most notably in the scale pattern of the interciliary field. The Swedish specimens are close to the nominal form, with rather large round to oval keeled scales in the interciliary area but show barbed dorsal spines. Previously reported from Denmark (Grilli et al. 2010), France (Grilli et al. 2008), Italy (Balsamo 1978; 1980), Russia (Grilli et al. 2010) and Korea (Lee & Chang, 2000).	en	Kånneby, Tobias (2013): New species and records of freshwater Chaetonotus (Gastrotricha: Chaetonotidae) from Sweden. Zootaxa 3701 (5): 551-588, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3701.5.3
C1146C7C4C36FF8A02CDC7211D21FE66.taxon	description	Localities: Pond with Nymphaea sp., Bergianska Trädgården, Stockholm (N 59 º 22 ’ 07 ’’; E 18 º 02 ’ 41 ’’) June 19, 2008; Ängelstorp, Småland (N 57 º 20 ’ 08 ’’; E 16 º 28 ’ 46 ’’), May 1, 2010; Sphagnum spp. bog at highway E 10, Lapland (N 68 º 26 ’ 04 ’’; E 18 º 14 ’ 53 ’’), July 1, 2010; Gravel pit, Åhus, Skåne (N 55 º 55 ’ 43 ’’; E 14 º 15 ’ 08 ’’), April 10, 2009.	en	Kånneby, Tobias (2013): New species and records of freshwater Chaetonotus (Gastrotricha: Chaetonotidae) from Sweden. Zootaxa 3701 (5): 551-588, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3701.5.3
C1146C7C4C36FF8A02CDC7211D21FE66.taxon	materials_examined	Material: 4 specimens. TL, 201 – 203 µm; FL, 25 – 27 µm; AL, 15 – 18 µm; PhL, 57 – 63 µm; MD, 7 – 8 µm; CW, 14 – 18 µm; TNC, 20 – 21; DC, 12 – 13; DR, ~ 30; VLC, 8; HS, 2 – 3 x 2 – 4 µm; NS, 4 – 5 x 4 – 6 µm; DS, 6 – 8 x 4 – 6 µm; HSp, 4 – 8 µm; NSp, 6 – 12 µm; DSp, 12 – 20 µm; VC, 7 – 8; VTS, 16 – 18 x 8 µm. Head clearly five-lobed with two pairs of cephalic sensory ciliary tufts. Large cephalion, epi- and hypopleurae. Hypostomium developed as a more or less shield-shaped transverse plate with two teeth. Two pairs of dorsal sensory bristles present, posterior pair emerging from specialized double keeled scales at U 85 – 87. Furca straight. Adhesive tubes constituting approximately 3 / 5 of the total furca length. Dorsal body surface covered by arrowhead-shaped three-lobed scales. In the head and neck regions the proximal parts of the scales are more rounded than in the trunk region. Scales bear simple spines that increase in length from anterior to posterior. An area just anterior to the furca base with smaller scales and spines. Five stout spines present on the base of the furcal branches and at the caudal incision. One to two pairs of thick parafurcal spines, that reach approximately halfway down the furcal branches. Ventrolateral scales and spines similar to those of the dorsal surface. Ventral interciliary field with 9 – 10 transverse scale plates in the pharynx region. Interciliary scales of the intestinal area rounded and keeled. Posteriormost scale rows oval with short spines. Ventral terminal scales large, elongated and keeled with short spines. Ventral ciliation in two separate longitudinal bands that further divide on the head. Mouth subterminal. Pharynx with very weak posterior swelling. PhIJ at U 32 – 35. Intestine straight with anus at U 82 – 84. The Swedish specimens were all in parthenogenetic phase and mostly agree well with literature data. However, one specimen showed spines that appeared shorter compared to the other two specimens. Previously reported from Austria (Zelinka 1889), Belgium (Dumont 1968), Bulgaria (Valkanov 1937), Denmark (Grilli et al. 2010), Estonia (Järvekulg 1961), France (d’Hondt 1967), Germany (Remane 1936; Schwank 1990), Great Britain (Martin 1981), Hungary (Varga 1949), Iceland (De Coninck 1939), Italy (e. g. Marcolongo 1910; Balsamo 1983), Poland (e. g. Kisielewski 1981), Romania (Rudescu 1967), Russia (Preobrajenskaja 1926), Spain (Real 1940), Sweden (Hofsten 1923; Kånneby et al. 2013), Switzerland (Greuter 1917), Ukraine (Jakubski 1919), Algeria (d’Hondt 1977), Canada (Schwank 1990), Japan (Saito 1937), New Guinea (Daday 1901) and USA (Stokes 1887). According to Fauna Europaea (www. faunaeur. org) also present in Czech Republic, Greece and Northern Ireland.	en	Kånneby, Tobias (2013): New species and records of freshwater Chaetonotus (Gastrotricha: Chaetonotidae) from Sweden. Zootaxa 3701 (5): 551-588, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3701.5.3
C1146C7C4C34FF8A02CDC27F18C2F81D.taxon	description	Localities: Small pond, Askö, Södermanland (N 58 º 49 ’ 23 ’’; E 17 º 38 ’ 32 ’’), May 14, 2009; Sphagnum rock pool, Skarvesäter, Bohuslän, Sweden (N 58 º 14 ’ 23 ’’; E 11 º 22 ’ 08 ’’), July 16, 2009; Freshwater rockpool, Östra Båtskäret, Stockholm archipelago (N 59 º 44 ’ 35 ’’; E 19 º 19 ’ 11 ’’), September 18, 2007; Runmarö, Stockholm archipelago (N 59 º 17 ’ 22 ’’; E 18 º 47 ’ 56 ’’), May 14, 2010; Small stream, Abisko Tourist Station, Abisko (N 68 º 21 ’ 23 ’’; E 18 º 47 ’ 59 ’’), July 3, 2010; Wet meadow, Abisko Scientific Research Station, Lapland (N 68 º 21 ’ 18 ’’; E 18 º 48 ’ 40 ’’), July 4, 2010; Sphagnum spp. bog at highway E 10, Lapland (N 68 º 26 ’ 04 ’’; E 18 º 14 ’ 53 ’’), July 1, 2010.	en	Kånneby, Tobias (2013): New species and records of freshwater Chaetonotus (Gastrotricha: Chaetonotidae) from Sweden. Zootaxa 3701 (5): 551-588, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3701.5.3
C1146C7C4C34FF8A02CDC27F18C2F81D.taxon	materials_examined	Material: 15 specimens. TL, 171 – 241 µm; FL, 25 – 29 µm; AL, 15 – 19 µm; PhL, 54 – 60 µm; MD, 6 – 9 µm; CW, 14 – 18 µm; TNC, 29 – 35; DC, 17 – 24; DR, 33 – 36; VLC, 8 – 12; HS, 3 x 3 µm; NS, 3 – 4 x 3 µm; DS, 6 – 8 x 4 – 5 µm; HSp, 2 – 3 µm; NSp, 2 – 3 µm; DSp, 3 – 6 µm; VC, 3 – 5; VR, ~ 30 – 40; VTS, 15 – 17 x 6 – 8 µm. Head clearly five-lobed with two pairs of cephalic sensory ciliary tufts. Cephalion present. Epi- and hypopleurae well developed. Hypostomium developed as a shield-shaped plate with two teeth. Two pairs of dorsal sensory bristles, anterior pair inserted in posterior neck region at U 23 – 26 and posterior pair emerging from rounded triangular double-keeled scales at U 79 – 83. Furca straight. Adhesive tubes pointing slightly outwards and constituting approximately 3 / 5 of the total furca length. Dorsal body surface covered by three-lobed scales with more or less rounded anterior edges. Scales with short rather thick simple spines which increase in length toward the posterior end. Scales and spine distribution follows the lateral body outline, only the median columns are more or less straight. Anterior to the furcal base an area with smaller scales with shorter spines. Two to three pairs of longer parafurcal spines, up to 13 µm in length in the Swedish specimens. Ventrolateral scales and spines similar to those of the dorsal side. Ventral interciliary field with 26 – 28 transverse scale plates in the pharynx and anterior intestinal region. Rest of intestinal region with rounded keeled scales of different sizes; the 2 – 3 median scale columns hold the largest scales. Posteriormost row of interciliary scales oval with pronounced keel. Large elongated oval ventral terminal scales with keel. Posterolateral to the ventral terminal scales, 2 – 3 pairs of spined scales; the median pair with spines up to 8 µm in length. Ventral ciliation in two longitudinal bands that further divide on the head. The inner bands merge just behind the hypostomium. Mouth subterminal. Pharynx with weak posterior swelling. PhIJ located at U 31 – 34. Intestine straight with anus at U 82 – 86. All the Swedish specimens were adults mostly in parthenogenetic phase. One specimen, in postparthenogenetic phase, with few bundles of apparently rod-shaped spermatozoa and a horseshoe-shaped X-organ. Previously reported from Germany (Schwank 1990), Great Britain (Martin 1990), Italy (Balsamo 1983), Poland (Kisielewski 1981), Russia (Preobrajenskaja 1926) and Sweden (Kånneby et al. 2013).	en	Kånneby, Tobias (2013): New species and records of freshwater Chaetonotus (Gastrotricha: Chaetonotidae) from Sweden. Zootaxa 3701 (5): 551-588, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3701.5.3
C1146C7C4C33FF8C02CDC4DE1F64FF6B.taxon	materials_examined	Material: 3 specimens. TL, 137 – 140 µm; FL, 14 – 18 µm; AL, 7 – 8 µm; PhL, 32 – 33 µm; MD, 4 – 5 µm; CW, 12 – 13 µm; TNC, 28 – 31; DC, 20 – 21; DR, 27 – 28; VLC, 8 – 11; HS, 2 x 2 µm; NS, 2 – 3 x 2 – 3 µm; DS, 3 – 4 x 2 – 3 µm; HSp, 1 – 2 µm; NSp, 1 – 2 µm; DSp, 1 – 2 µm; VC, 5 – 6; VTS, 5 x 3 µm. Five-lobed head with two pairs of cephalic sensory ciliary tufts; anterior pair with mostly short cilia, but one cilium substantially longer than the others. Hypostomium developed as a small sub-rectangular plate. Two pairs of dorsal sensory bristles; anterior pair inserted at U 28 and posterior pair emerging from rounded triangular doublekeeled scales at U 78 – 79. Furca straight with adhesive tubes constituting approximately half of the total furca length. Dorsal body surface covered by small three-lobed scales with minute simple spines. Scales and spines only increase slightly in size towards the posterior end. An area anterior to the caudal incision and between the posterior sensory bristles has scales spaced wider apart than the rest of the dorsal surface. Ventrolateral scales and spines similar to those of the dorsal surface, but sometimes with spines reaching lengths up to 3 – 4 µm. Ventral interciliary area covered by small rounded keeled scales that seem to fuse with the body surface anterior to the 2 or 3 posteriormost rows. Ventral terminal scales suboval to sub-rectangular and keeled. Ventral ciliation in two separate longitudinal bands, that widen on the head. Mouth subterminal. Pharynx without swellings, only widens slightly towards the PhIJ at U 28 – 31. Intestine straight with anus at U 85 – 87. The Swedish specimens were all adults in parthenogenetic phase. Compared to the description by Balsamo & Todaro (1995) they are just below the upper limits of the total body length (140 µm) reported for the species. Previously reported from Italy (Balsamo & Todaro 1995).	en	Kånneby, Tobias (2013): New species and records of freshwater Chaetonotus (Gastrotricha: Chaetonotidae) from Sweden. Zootaxa 3701 (5): 551-588, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3701.5.3
C1146C7C4C32FF8F02CDC55619EEFDAF.taxon	description	Localities: Sphagnum spp. bog at highway E 10, Lapland (N 68 º 26 ’ 04 ’’; E 18 º 14 ’ 53 ’’), July 1, 2010; Freshwater Rockpool among Sphagnum spp., Hållö, Bohuslän (N 58 º 20 ’ 03 ’’; E 11 º 12 ’ 50 ’’), July 14, 2009; Freshwater Sphagnum spp. rockpool, Islandsberg, Bohuslän (N 58 º 12 ’ 38 ’’; E 11 º 25 ’ 09 ’’), July 19, 2009; Lake with grass at highway E 10, Lapland (N 68 º 20 ’ 915 ’’; E 19 º 02 ’ 210 ’’), July 6, 2010; Bog at highway E 14, Jämtland (N 63 º 21 ’ 25 ’’; E 12 º 35 ’ 40 ’’), July 10, 2008.	en	Kånneby, Tobias (2013): New species and records of freshwater Chaetonotus (Gastrotricha: Chaetonotidae) from Sweden. Zootaxa 3701 (5): 551-588, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3701.5.3
C1146C7C4C32FF8F02CDC55619EEFDAF.taxon	materials_examined	Material: 7 specimens. TL, 118 – 127 µm; FL, 13 – 16 µm; AL, 7 – 8 µm; PhL, 30 – 32 µm; MD, 4 – 5 µm; CW, 9 – 10 µm; TNC, ~ 18; DC, 10 – 12; DR, 22 – 24; VLC, 7 – 9; HS, 2 – 3 x 2 µm; NS, 3 x 2 – 3 µm; DS, 4 x 3 µm; HSp, 2 – 4 µm; NSp, 3 – 4 µm; DSp, 4 – 7 µm; VC, 7 – 8; VTS, ~ 5 x 2 µm. Head clearly five-lobed with two pairs of long cephalic sensory ciliary tufts. Cephalion, epi- and hypopleurae well developed. On the head one pair of ocellar granules, approximately 1 µm in diameter. Hypostomium poorly developed as an almost squared plate. Anterior dorsal sensory bristles apparently absent, posterior pair emerging from double-keeled scales at U 81. Furca straight with adhesive tubes constituting approximately half of the total furca length. Dorsal body surface covered by three-lobed scales with simple short and gently curved spines. Both scales and spines increase in size towards the posterior end. Interciliary area with keels or more or less well developed rounded keeled scales. Ventral terminal scales almost rectangular, with a very short simple spine. Ventral ciliation in two separate longitudinal bands. Small subterminal mouth. Pharynx with a slight posterior swelling. PhIJ at U 28 – 30. Intestine straight with anus at U 83 – 85. All Swedish specimens except one juvenile were in parthenogenetic phase and in general agree well with literature data. Dorsal sensory bristles have not been reported or described for C. (C.) oculifer (Kisielewski 1981). Moreover, three of the specimens had scales developed in the interciliary area, which is in contrast to Kisielewski (1981) who reported that this area is covered by keels only. Previously reported from France (Grilli et al. 2008), Great Britain (Martin 1990), Poland (Kisielewski 1981), Russia (Tretjakova 1989), Sweden (Kånneby et al. 2009), Brazil (Kisielewski 1991) and Canada (Schwank, 1990)	en	Kånneby, Tobias (2013): New species and records of freshwater Chaetonotus (Gastrotricha: Chaetonotidae) from Sweden. Zootaxa 3701 (5): 551-588, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3701.5.3
C1146C7C4C31FF8E02CDC6311F5FFD5F.taxon	description	Localities: Lake Ånnsjön, Jämtland (N 63 º 15 ’ 65 ’’; E 12 º 27 ’ 03 ’’), July 8, 2008; Storlien E, Jämtland (N 63 º 18 ’ 42 ’’; E 12 º 06 ’ 43 ’’), July 10, 2008.	en	Kånneby, Tobias (2013): New species and records of freshwater Chaetonotus (Gastrotricha: Chaetonotidae) from Sweden. Zootaxa 3701 (5): 551-588, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3701.5.3
C1146C7C4C31FF8E02CDC6311F5FFD5F.taxon	materials_examined	Material: 2 specimens. TL, 183 – 197 µm; FL, 25 – 27 µm; AL, 13 – 15 µm; PhL, 57 – 60 µm; MD, 10 µm; TNC, 37 – 40; DC, 25 – 28; VLC, 12; HS, 1 x 1 µm; NS, 1 – 2 x 1 – 2 µm; DS, 2 x 2 µm; HSp, 1 µm; NSp, 1 µm; DSp, 1 – 3 µm; VC, 9; VTS, 10 x NA µm. Head clearly five-lobed with two pairs of cephalic sensory ciliary tufts. Anterior pair of sensory tufts shorter than posterior pair. Cephalion and pleurae well developed. Hypostomium with two teeth. Anterior and posterior dorsal sensory cilia present, posterior pair emerging from small sub-triangular double keeled scales. Furca straight with adhesive tubes constituting half to 3 / 5 of the total furca length. Dorsal surface covered by very small threelobed scales with short straight simple spines. Scales and spines increase only slightly in size towards the posterior end. Five to six longer simple spines, 8 – 12 µm in length, at the dorsal base of the furcal appendages. Ventrolateral scales and spines similar to those of the dorsal surface. Ventral interciliary area covered by rounded to oval smooth scales; towards the posterior end they become keeled and rounded rectangular in shape. Ventral ciliation in two longitudinal bands that can merge on the head. Mouth subterminal. Pharynx muscular, widens towards the posterior end. PhIJ at U 31 – 34. Intestine straight with anus at approximately U 87. The Swedish specimens fall well within the morphometric ranges previously reported in the literature. However, according to Schwank (1990) the ventral ciliation does not merge on the head, but Swedish specimens show a clear transverse row of cilia, that connects the two longitudinal bands behind the hypostomium. Previously reported from Denmark (Grilli et al. 2010), France (d’Hondt 1967), Great Britain (Martin 1981), Italy (Balsamo 1983), Poland (Kisielewski 1981), Romania (Rudescu 1967), Russia (Preobrajenskaja 1926), Sweden (Kånneby et al. 2009), Switzerland (Greuter 1917), Brazil (Kisielewski 1991), Canada (Schwank 1990), Israel (Kisielewski 1999) and Korea (Lee & Chang 2000).	en	Kånneby, Tobias (2013): New species and records of freshwater Chaetonotus (Gastrotricha: Chaetonotidae) from Sweden. Zootaxa 3701 (5): 551-588, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3701.5.3
C1146C7C4C30FF9102CDC71E1926FC5B.taxon	materials_examined	Material: 4 specimens. TL, 198 – 221 µm; FL, 23 – 28 µm; AL, 15 – 16 µm; PhL, 58 – 63 µm; MD, 7 – 9 µm; CW, 13 – 17 µm; TNC, ~ 18; DC, 11 – 13; DR, 25 – 27; VLC, 7 – 8; HS, 2 – 3 x 3 – 4 µm; NS, 4 x 3 – 4 µm; DS, 7 – 9 x 6 – 8 µm; HSp, 4 – 10 µm; NSp, 5 – 10 µm; DSp, 15 – 25 µm; VC, 7 – 9; VTS, 13 – 17 x 6 – 8 µm. Head clearly five-lobed with two pairs of cephalic sensory ciliary tufts. Cephalion and pleurae well developed. Hypostomium developed as a plate with two teeth. Two pairs of sensory bristles, posterior pair emerging from subtriangular double keeled scales at U 78. Furca straight with adhesive tubes constituting approximately 2 / 3 of the total furca length. Dorsal surface covered by three-lobed to crescent-shaped scales with slightly curved barbed spines. Scales and spines increase in size towards the posterior end. Dorsally an area anterior to the caudal incision with smaller scales with short simple spines, as in C. (C.) maximus. Laterally at the posterior dorsal end and at the caudal incision 5 longer and stouter spines. Ventrolateral scales and spines similar to those of the dorsal surface, but they decrease in size towards the ciliary bands. Ventral interciliary area covered by oval keeled scales with short simple spines. A pair of large oval keeled terminal scales with a simple spine, up to 10 µm in length. Mouth terminal. Pharynx with weak posterior swelling. PhIJ at U 32 – 33. Intestine straight with anus at U 84 – 86. According to Kisielewski (1981) C. (C.) similis is a very variable species, especially when it comes to size and length of spines. The Swedish specimens, all in parthenogenetic phase, generally fall within the limits of literature data. The number of dorsal columns is below (11 – 13) the values (14 – 17) reported in the literature. Previously reported from Austria (Zelinka 1889), Great Britain (Martin 1981), Hungary (Valkanov 1937), Italy (Marcolongo 1910), Poland (Kisielewski 1986), Romania (Rudescu 1967), Russia (Preobrajenskaja 1926), Spain (Real 1940), Sweden (Kånneby et al. 2013), Brazil (Kisielewski 1991) Canada (Schwank 1990), India (Naidu & Rao 2004), Israel (Kisielewski 1999), Japan (Saito, 1937), Paraguay (Daday, 1905) and USA (Zelinka 1889).	en	Kånneby, Tobias (2013): New species and records of freshwater Chaetonotus (Gastrotricha: Chaetonotidae) from Sweden. Zootaxa 3701 (5): 551-588, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3701.5.3
C1146C7C4C2EFF9302CDC0EC1E52FE43.taxon	materials_examined	Material: 4 specimens. TL, 112 – 122 µm; FL, 16 – 18 µm; AL, 9 – 10 µm; PhL, 28 – 29 µm; MD, 4 – 5 µm; TNC, ~ 14; DC, 8 – 9; DR, ~ 12; VLC, 5 – 6; DS, 5 – 7 x 4 – 5 µm; DSp, 5 – 6 µm; VC, 7; VTS, 8 x 3 – 4 µm. Small species. Head rounded to weakly five-lobed with two pairs of cephalic sensory ciliary tufts. Hypostomium absent. Two pairs of dorsal sensory bristles present, the posterior pair emerging from specialized sub-triangular double-keeled scales at U 79. Furca straight with adhesive tubes constituting approximately half of the total furca length. Head and neck regions may be naked or covered by smaller scales similar to those of the trunk region (Balsamo 1980). Dorsal trunk surface covered by three-lobed to pentagonal scales, in general with short simple spines; however, 7 – 8 larger scales in the trunk region bear longer barbed spines, 18 – 22 µm in length, while others may be deprived scales altogether. Anterior to the furcal branches a pair of double-keeled round to sub-rectangular scales sometimes present, surrounded by four pairs of elongated three-lobed scales, similar to those of C. (H.) hystrix. Ventral interciliary area can be naked or covered by round smooth scales (Balsamo 1980). A pair of keeled ventral terminal scales present. Ventral ciliation in two separate longitudinal bands. Mouth terminal to subterminal. Pharynx with weak anterior and posterior swellings. PhIJ at U 27 – 29. Intestine straight with anus at U 82 – 83. The Swedish specimens were in parthenogenetic or post-parthenogenetic phase. Two specimens had a well developed horseshoe-shaped X-organ. One of them also showed packets of apparently rod-shaped spermatozoa anterior to the X-organ. C. (H.) aemilianus is one of the most variable gastrotrich species and four different forms have been described (Balsamo 1980). The Swedish specimens had a naked head region and a more or less naked neck region. In the trunk region they had 7 long barbed dorsal spines and posteriorly a pair double-keeled scales at the base of the furcal appendages. The interciliary field was covered by rounded smooth scales. Considering those features the material studied appear most similar to form B or D (Balsamo 1980). Previously reported from Italy (Balsamo 1978, 1980), Germany (Schwank 1990), Sweden (Kånneby et al. 2013) and Canada (Schwank 1990).	en	Kånneby, Tobias (2013): New species and records of freshwater Chaetonotus (Gastrotricha: Chaetonotidae) from Sweden. Zootaxa 3701 (5): 551-588, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3701.5.3
C1146C7C4C2DFF9202CDC21C1F6DFDF3.taxon	materials_examined	Material: 2 specimens. TL, 182 µm; FL, 29 µm; AL, 17 µm; PhL, 52 µm; MD, 8 µm; CW, ~ 10 µm; TNC, 13; DC, 7; DR, 15 – 17; VLC, 6; HS, 4 – 6 x 3 – 8 µm; NS, 8 x 10 µm; DS, 12 x 12 µm; HSp, 6 – 12 µm; NSp, 20 µm; DSp, 45 – 60 µm; VC, 7 – 8; VTS, 9 – 10 x 4 µm. A large Hystricochaetonotus. Head rounded to weakly five-lobed. Two pairs of sensory ciliary tufts, the posterior pair with very long cilia, up to 30 µm in length. Cephalion relatively small. Hypostomium absent. At least posterior dorsal sensory bristles present, emerging from specialized sub-triangular double-keeled scales. Furca straight with adhesive tubes constituting approximately 3 / 5 of the total furca length. Dorsal surface covered by three-lobed scales with barbed spines. Spines increase drastically in length from anterior to posterior. At least one pair of dorsal spines clearly overshoots the furca and another pair reaches the tip of the furcal branches. Accessory points originate approximately 2 / 3 up the length of the spine. Ventrolateral scales similar in shape to the dorsal scales but smaller in size. Ventrolateral spines finer than the dorsal spines. Interciliary area covered by keeled to smooth rounded scales. A pair of ventral terminal keeled scales, apparently without spines in the posterior end. Mouth terminal. Pharynx widens towards the PhIJ at U 30. Intestine straight with anus at U 81. The Swedish material consisted of one adult specimen in parthenogenetic phase and one juvenile specimen. The Swedish specimen disagrees with the original description by Schwank (1990) in that they have two rounded double-keeled scales on the base of each furcal branch. These scales are in turn surrounded by three pairs of elongated three-lobed scales much like in C. (H.) hystrix. Moreover, in the posterior trunk region a pair of threelobed keeled scales without spines present just anterior to the double-keeled scales anchoring the posterior sensory bristles. The Swedish adult specimen is larger than the German specimens. According to Schwank (1990), C. (H.) euhystrix is a variable species, so, notwithstanding the foregoing deviations from Schwank’s description, these specimens are tentatively assigned to that species. Previously reported from Germany (Schwank 1990).	en	Kånneby, Tobias (2013): New species and records of freshwater Chaetonotus (Gastrotricha: Chaetonotidae) from Sweden. Zootaxa 3701 (5): 551-588, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3701.5.3
C1146C7C4C2CFF9202CDC28C1CA4F824.taxon	materials_examined	Material: 7 specimens. TL, 120 – 130 µm; FL, 17 – 18 µm; AL, 9 – 10 µm; PhL, 30 – 33 µm; MD, 4 – 5 µm; CW, ~ 12 µm; TNC, 12 – 14; DC, 7 – 8; DR, ~ 14 – 16; VLC, 4 – 6; HS, 2 – 3 x 2 – 4 µm; NS, 4 – 5 x 3 – 5 µm; DS, 9 – 10 x 8 – 10 µm; HSp, 2 – 3 µm; NSp, 3 – 6 µm; DSp, 10 – 14 µm; VC, 5 – 6; VR,> 20; VTS, 7 – 8 x 2 – 4 µm. Head rounded to weakly five-lobed with two pairs of cephalic sensory ciliary tufts. Posterior pair of tufts longer than anterior pair. Cephalion and pleurae weakly developed. Hypostomium absent. Two pairs of dorsal sensory bristles present, posterior pair emerging from specialized three-lobed double-keeled scales at U 75 – 76. Furca straight with adhesive tubes constituting approximately half of the total furca length. Dorsal body surface covered by three-lobed scales with deep posterior incision. Scales with barbed spines that increase in size towards the posterior end. An area of the dorsal posterior trunk region with scales that lack spines. At the base of each furcal appendage a pair of rounded to almost squared double-keeled scales surrounded by three pairs of elongated almost rectangular three-lobed scales. Two pairs of thicker parafurcal spines present. Ventrolateral areas with scales with barbed spines, similar in shape to those of the dorsal surface but finer. Ventral interciliary area covered by small rounded keeled scales. A pair of keeled sub-rectangular ventral terminal scales, with short fine simple spine up to approximately 6 – 7 µm in length. Ventral ciliation in two longitudinal bands that merge on the head. Mouth subterminal. Pharynx with weak swellings. PhIJ at U 27 – 29. Intestine straight with anus at U 82 – 85. The examined specimens were all adults in parthenogenetic phase and fall well within the ranges previously reported for the species. C. (H.) hystrix is a cosmopolitan species and is one of the most commonly encountered freshwater gastrotrichs. It can be morphologically distinguished from C. (H.) persetosus and C. (H.) macrochaetus in that it has shorter dorsal spines and a pair of round to squared double-keeled scales at the base of each furcal branch. Moreover, C. (H.) hystrix does not present such a sudden increase in spine length from head-neck region to the trunk region as C. (H.) persetosus and C. (H.) macrochaetus (Schwank 1990). Previously reported from Austria (Zelinka 1889), Bulgaria (Konsuloff 1913), Denmark (Grilli et al. 2010), Estonia (Järvekülg 1961), France (Grilli et al. 2009), Great Britain (Martin 1981), Hungary (Varga 1949), Italy (e. g. Balsamo 1983), Poland (Kisielewski 1981), Romania (Rudescu 1967), Russia (Preobrajenskaja 1926), Sweden (Kånneby et al. 2009; 2013), Brazil (Kisielewski 1991), Israel (Kisielewski 1999), Paraguay (Daday, 1905).	en	Kånneby, Tobias (2013): New species and records of freshwater Chaetonotus (Gastrotricha: Chaetonotidae) from Sweden. Zootaxa 3701 (5): 551-588, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3701.5.3
C1146C7C4C2BFF9402CDC4401FDFFE3F.taxon	materials_examined	Material: 2 specimens. TL, 114 – 134 µm; FL, 15 – 18 µm; AL, 8 – 10 µm; PhL, 32 – 40 µm; MD, 5 – 6 µm; TNC, 12 – 14; DC, 8; DR, 16 – 17; VLC, 4 – 6; HS, 3 – 4 x 2 – 5 µm; NS, 4 – 5 x 5 µm; DS, 7 – 10 x 6 – 8 µm; HSp, 4 – 6 µm; NSp, 6 – 10 µm; DSp, 15 – 22 µm; VC, 5 – 6; VTS, 6 – 8 x 2 µm. Head rounded to weakly five-lobed with two pairs of cephalic sensory ciliary tufts. Cephalion and pleurae weakly developed. Hypostomium present. Two pairs of dorsal sensory brsitles, posterior pair emerging from specialized sub-triangular double-keeled scales at U 72. Furca straight with adhesive tubes constituting approximately half of the total furca length. Dorsal surface covered by three-lobed scales with barbed spines. In the mid-trunk region both scales and spines suddenly increase in length. Posterior trunk region with three-lobed scales that lack spines. Three pairs of elongated almost rectangular three-lobed scales at the base of the furcal appendages. Ventrolateral scales and spines similar to those of dorsal surface but smaller in size. A pair of keeled ventral terminal scales with short spines present. Interciliary area covered by rounded usually keeled scales. Ventral ciliation in two separate longitudinal bands. Mouth terminal to subterminal. Pharynx with weak terminal swellings. PhIJ at U 30 – 32. Intestine straight with anus at U 81. The Swedish specimens were adults in parthenogenetic phase and fell within the ranges previously reported in the literature. C. (H.) macrochaetus is a very variable species according to Schwank (1990). It can be separated from: (i) C. (H.) euhystrix in that the trunk spines are significantly shorter and do not overshoot the furca, and moreover scales are less widely spaced; (ii) from C. (H.) persetosus in that the ventrolateral spines do not possess lamellae and are all barbed. C. (H.) macrochaetus also has a larger number of large scales and spines in the trunk region (25 – 29 vs. 15 – 22). The sudden increase in length of the trunk spines may be a misleading character since this feature is also more or less true for C. (H.) persetosus; and (iii) from C. (H.) hystrix in that it lacks the doublekeeled scales at the base of each furcal branch and that spines are substantially longer. Previously reported from Austria (Zelinka 1889), Bulgaria (Konsuloff 1913), Denmark (Grilli et al. 2010), Estonia (Järvekülg 1961), Germany (Schwank 1990), Great Britain (Matin 1990), Hungary (Varga 1949), Italy (e. g. Balsamo 1983), Poland (e. g. Kisielewski 1981), Romania (Rudescu 1967), Russia (Preobrajenskaja 1926), Switzerland (Greuter 1917), Sweden (Hofsten 1923), Ukraine (Jakubski 1919), Brazil (Kisielewski 1991), Canada (Schwank 1990), Israel (Kisielewski 1999) and USA (Robbins 1973).	en	Kånneby, Tobias (2013): New species and records of freshwater Chaetonotus (Gastrotricha: Chaetonotidae) from Sweden. Zootaxa 3701 (5): 551-588, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3701.5.3
C1146C7C4C2AFF9702CDC5B91DA9FDAF.taxon	materials_examined	Material: 1 specimen. TL, 120 µm; FL, 18 µm; AL, 9 µm; PhL, 30 µm; MD, 4 µm; TNC, ~ 13; DC, 9; DR, 15; VLC, 2 – 3; HS, 3 – 4 x 2 – 3 µm; NS, 4 x 4 µm; DS, 9 x 8 µm; HSp, 2 – 3 µm; NSp, 3 – 4 µm; DSp, 12 – 22 µm; VC, 5 – 6; VTS, 7 x 2 µm. Head five-lobed with two pairs of cephalic sensory ciliary tufts. Cephalion and pleurae thin. Hypostomium absent. Two pairs of dorsal sensory bristles; anterior pair in posterior pharynx region and posterior pair emerging from specialized sub-triangular double-keeled scales at U 78. Furca straight with adhesive tubes constituting half of the total furca length. Dorsal surface covered by three-lobed scales that increase in size from anterior to posterior. Scales with barbed spines, which are short at the anterior end but suddenly increase in length approximately half way down the length of the body. The total number of long spines in the trunk region is 22 – 23 in Swedish specimens and in the medial portion of the trunk they are distributed in 6 rows. The posteriormost medial spine is the longest and can be seen between the furcal branches. The posterior trunk region also holds three-lobed scales without spines as well as three pairs of elongated, almost rectangular, three-lobed scales at the base of the furcal appendages. Double-keeled scales at the base of each furcal branch are absent in the nominal species (Zelinka 1889; Schwank 1990). Ventrolateral scales are similar in shape to those of the dorsal surface but smaller. Most ventrolateral scales have barbed spines but there are also simple spined scales with lamellae. Ventral interciliary area with smooth rounded to hexagonal scales; posteriormost rows of scales sometimes keeled. A pair of keeled ventral terminal scales with short thin simple spines present in the posterior interciliary area. Ventral ciliation in two longitudinal bands that further divide and merge in the head region. Mouth subterminal. Pharynx with weak swellings. PhIJ at U 28. Intestine straight with anus at U 83. The Swedish specimen, an adult in parthenogenetic phase, agrees well with morphological and numerical data previously reported for the species. Previously reported from Bulgaria (Valkanov 1937), Denmark (Grilli et al. 2010), France (d’Hondt 1971), Germany (Schwank 1990), Great Britain (Martin 1981), Italy (Balsamo 1983), Poland (Kisielewski & Kisielewska 1986), Romania (Rudescu 1967), Russia (Preobrajenskaja 1926), Brazil (Kisielewski 1991), Japan (Saito 1937), Korea (Lee & Chang 2000).	en	Kånneby, Tobias (2013): New species and records of freshwater Chaetonotus (Gastrotricha: Chaetonotidae) from Sweden. Zootaxa 3701 (5): 551-588, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3701.5.3
C1146C7C4C29FF9602CDC2B71E08FC5B.taxon	materials_examined	Material: 3 specimens. TL, 88 – 100 µm; FL, 11 – 14 µm; AL, 6 – 7 µm; PhL, 24 – 26 µm; MD, 4 – 5 µm; CW, 8 – 9 µm; TNC, 12 – 14; DC, 8 – 10; DR, 10 – 12; VLC, 4; NS, 3 – 4 x 3 – 4 µm; DS, 5 – 7 x 4 – 5 µm; NSp, 2 – 3 µm; DSp, 2 – 3 µm; VC, 5 – 6. One of the smallest gastrotrich species, together with Heterolepidoderma lamellatum Balsamo & Fregni, 1995 and Ichthydium podura (Müller, 1773), with a total length of 60 – 100 µm (Schwank 1990; this study). Head weakly five-lobed with two pairs of cephalic sensory ciliary tufts. Cephalion thin and weakly developed. Hypostomium absent. Two pairs of dorsal sensory bristles, posterior pair emerging from rounded triangular double-keeled scales at U 76 – 80. Furca short and straight, with adhesive tubes constituting approximately half of the total furca length. Anterior dorsal surface (head and neck) occasionally covered by three-lobed to pentagonal scales, but can also lack these cuticular structures (Schwank 1990). Dorsal trunk surface covered by three-lobed scales with short simple spines. In the mid-rear trunk region 4 – 8 long barbed spines, 18 – 26 µm in length, usually distributed in 2 – 3 alternating rows; other scales of the same area lack spines (Schwank 1990). Ventrolateral areas covered by scales similar to those of the dorsal surface. Ventral interciliary field naked (Schwank 1990). Ventral ciliation in two separate longitudinal bands. Mouth subterminal. Pharynx widens towards the posterior end. PhIJ at U 31 – 33. Intestine straight with anus approximately at U 85 – 86. The Swedish specimens in general agree well with data reported in the literature. However, the interciliary area is covered by weakly developed round smooth scales as opposed to the naked interciliary field reported in the literature (Schwank 1990). This is a feature that may have been overlooked in the past. Swedish specimens have 8 long barbed spines and are very similar to the specimens found in Breitecke / Schlitz, Germany by Schwank (1990). In these specimens the longer spines are distributed in 3 rows with 6 spines in the outer columns and 2 spines in the median column. The posteriormost median spines can be seen at the caudal incision between the furcal branches. Previously reported from Bulgaria (Valkanov 1937), Estonia (Järvekülg 1961), Germany (Schwank 1990), Great Britain (Martin 1990), Hungary (Varga 1949), Italy (e. g. Mola 1932; Balsamo 1983), Poland (Roszczak 1968), Romania (Rudescu 1967), Russia (Preobrajenskaja 1926), Ukraine (Jakubski 1919), India (Naidu & Rao 2004), USA (Stokes 1887; Robbins 1973).	en	Kånneby, Tobias (2013): New species and records of freshwater Chaetonotus (Gastrotricha: Chaetonotidae) from Sweden. Zootaxa 3701 (5): 551-588, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3701.5.3
C1146C7C4C28FF9902CDC4641DD3FE1B.taxon	materials_examined	Material: 12 specimens. TL, 128 – 145 µm; FL, 15 – 20 µm; AL, 10 – 11 µm; PhL, 31 – 34 µm; MD, 6 – 8 µm; CW, 12 – 14 µm; TNC, 18 – 20; DC, 10 – 12; DR, 22 – 25; VLC, 6 – 8; HS, 2 – 4 x 2 – 4 µm; NS, 2 – 4 x 2 – 5 µm; DS, 6 – 7 x 6 – 7 µm; HSp, 2 – 3 µm; NSp, 0 – 3 µm; DSp, 0 – 4 µm; Gsp, 10 – 14 µm; VC, 8 – 9; VR, ~ 25 – 30. Head truncated, weakly five-lobed with two pairs of short cephalic sensory ciliary tufts. Cephalion and pleurae developed. Hypostomium developed as a thin rectangular plate. Two pairs of dorsal sensory bristles, anterior pair sometimes absent. Anterior pair inserted at U 26 and posterior pair emerging from rounded double-keeled scales at U 77 – 80. Furca straight with adhesive tubes constituting half to 2 / 3 of the total furca length. Dorsal body surface covered with oval to circular, strongly overlapping keeled scales with or without simple spines. Spines occasionally completely absent from the neck region and the trunk region posterior to the girdle. The girdle is formed by 7 – 12 scales positioned approximately 2 / 3 down the length of the body and provided with thick simple spines. Two pairs of parafurcal spines, 10 – 16 µm in length, in the posterior end. Ventrolateral scales similar to the dorsal ones, but with longer spines especially developed in the girdle region. Ventral interciliary field covered by round to suboval scales with short simple spines; spines are reduced towards the anterior end and in the pharynx region scales are generally only keeled. Posterior part of interciliary field covered by four elongated oval scales with fine simple spines visible between the furcal branches. Ventral ciliation in two separate longitudinal bands that widen and further divide in the head region. Large subterminal mouth. Pharynx widens towards the posterior end, with weak posterior swelling. PhIJ at U 23 – 24. Intestine straight with anus at U 83 – 84. The Swedish specimens were all in parthenogenetic phase and fell within the ranges previously reported in the literature. In particular they agree very well with Polish and Finnish specimens (see Kisielewski 1981). Previously reported from Finland (Kisielewski 1981), Poland (Kisielewski 1981), Russia (Tretjakova 1989), Romania (Rudescu 1967), Switzerland (Greuter 1917), Sweden (Kånneby et al. 2013), Brazil (Kisielewski 1991) and USA (Stokes 1887).	en	Kånneby, Tobias (2013): New species and records of freshwater Chaetonotus (Gastrotricha: Chaetonotidae) from Sweden. Zootaxa 3701 (5): 551-588, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3701.5.3
C1146C7C4C27FF9802CDC6241897F9D2.taxon	materials_examined	Material: 3 specimens. TL, 143 – 196 µm; FL, 23 – 25 µm; AL, 17 – 18 µm; PhL, 45 – 50 µm; MD, 7 – 10 µm; TNC, 9 – 10; DC, 5 – 6; VLC, 4; HS, 6 – 7 x 12 µm; NS, 6 – 8 x 12 µm; DS, 14 – 16 x 18 – 19 µm; HSp, 5 – 7 µm; NSp, 8 – 12 µm; DSp, 25 – 30 µm; VC, 6; VTS, 10 – 12 x NA µm. Head squared to three-lobed with two pairs of cephalic sensory ciliary tufts. Cephalion and pleurae absent. Hypostomium well developed. At least the posterior pair of dorsal sensory bristles present in Swedish specimens. Furca straight with adhesive tubes constituting more than 2 / 3 of the total furca length. Dorsal surface with oval scales, always wider than long. All dorsal scales with barbed spines. Ventrolateral scales and spines similar to those of the dorsal surface, but scales are often more rounded. On the head and neck region ventrolateral spines bear the barb at 2 / 3 of the total length in a distal direction. Ventral interciliary field covered by rounded to oval scales with simple spines. Ventral terminal scales keeled with long fine spines, up to 26 µm in length, overshooting the furcal branches. Mouth subterminal. Pharynx widens towards the posterior end. PhIJ at U 28 – 31. Intestine straight with anus at U 83 – 85. The Swedish specimens were all in parthenogenetic phase and fell within the ranges reported for Polish specimens (Kisielewski 1981). In contrast with literature data, the studied material showed that dorsal sensory bristles, at least the posterior pair, is present in C. (P.) armatus. Their anchor point could not be seen. Previously reported from Poland (Kisielewski 1981) and Sweden (Kånneby et al. 2009; 2013).	en	Kånneby, Tobias (2013): New species and records of freshwater Chaetonotus (Gastrotricha: Chaetonotidae) from Sweden. Zootaxa 3701 (5): 551-588, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3701.5.3
C1146C7C4C26FF9A02CDC6AC1CA4FEF7.taxon	materials_examined	Material: 10 specimens. TL, 113 – 195 µm; FL, 20 – 25 µm; AL, 15 – 18 µm; PhL, 36 – 44 µm; MD, 8 – 10 µm; TNC, 16 – 17; DC, 7 – 9; DR, ~ 20; VLC, 8; HS, 3 – 4 x 3 – 4 µm; NS, 3 – 8 x 3 – 12 µm; DS, 7 – 12 x 9 – 16 µm; HSp, 4 – 9 µm; NSp, 10 – 16 µm; DSp, 16 – 36 µm; VC, 5 – 7. A very variable species (Balsamo 1980; Schwank 1990). Head rounded to weakly five-lobed with two pairs of cephalic sensory ciliary tufts. Cephalion and pleurae weakly developed. Hypostomium sometimes developed as a more or less concave bar (Schwank 1990). Two pairs of dorsal sensory bristles; anterior pair inserted between scales, posterior pair emerging from rounded pentagonal double-keeled scales. Furca relatively short with adhesive tubes constituting 2 / 3 – 4 / 5 of the total furca length. Dorsal surface covered with heart-shaped to pentagonal scales, sometimes with more or less well developed double anterior edge (Schwank 1990). Scales increase in size from the head region to mid-posterior trunk region with a subsequent decrease towards the caudal end. Barbed spines originate from approximately the center of each scale, increasing in length from anterior to posterior. The posteriormost spines can overshoot the furca. Ventrolateral scales similar in appearance to those of the dorsal surface, decreasing in size medially. Ventral interciliary field covered with numerous keeled rounded scales or several columns (5 – 7) of rounded spined scales (Balsamo 1980). At the posterior end of the interciliary field 2 – 4 scales with very long simple spines sometimes present. The medial spines can be longer than the furca. Mouth large. Pharynx with weak swellings at both ends. PhIJ at approximately U 26. Intestine straight with anus at approximately U 84. The Swedish specimens were all adults in parthenogenetic phase. They showed a high variability in size of scales and length of spines. According to Balsamo (1980) C. (P.) heideri is a very variable species. The Swedish specimens agree more or less with form C and D (Balsamo 1980). It is very likely that C. (P.) heideri is a complex of closely related morphological species. The species is fairly common and could serve as a model organism to study species delimitation within freshwater chaetonotid gastrotrichs. Previously reported from France (Grilli et al. 2008), Germany (Brehm 1917), Great Britain (Martin 1990?), Italy (Balsamo 1983), Poland (Kisielewski 1981), Romania (Rudescu 1967), Russia (Preobrajenskaja 1926), Sweden (Kånneby et al. 2009; 2013), Brazil (Kisielewski 1991), Canada (Schwank 1990) and USA (Emberton 1981).	en	Kånneby, Tobias (2013): New species and records of freshwater Chaetonotus (Gastrotricha: Chaetonotidae) from Sweden. Zootaxa 3701 (5): 551-588, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3701.5.3
C1146C7C4C23FF9C02CDC21C1DCAFCCF.taxon	materials_examined	Material: 8 specimens. TL, 168 – 207 µm; FL, 23 – 26 µm; AL, 13 – 16 µm; PhL, 53 – 56 µm; MD, 6 – 8 µm; CW, 14 – 16 µm; TNC, 17 – 18; DC, 9 – 10; DR, ~ 30; VLC, 8; HS, 3 – 4 x 3 – 4 µm; NS, 4 x 3 – 4 µm; DS, 8 x 5 – 6 µm; HSp, 5 – 9 µm; NSp, 5 – 12 µm; DSp, 18 – 22 µm; VC, 6 – 7; VTS, 13 – 16 x 7 – 8 µm. Head clearly five-lobed with two pairs of cephalic sensory ciliary tufts. Cephalion well developed. Shieldshaped hypostomium with two teeth. Anterior and posterior dorsal sensory bristles present, posterior pair emerging from double-keeled scales at U 82. Furca more or less straight with adhesive tubes constituting approximately 2 / 3 of the total furca length. Dorsal body surface covered with rounded scales with fine, gently curved, simple spines. Spines increase in length towards the posterior end. A dorsal area anterior to the caudal incision with smaller scales and shorter spines, not unlike C. (C.) maximus. Ventrolateral area with scales and spines similar to those on the dorsal surface, but scales closest to the ventral ciliary bands smaller in size. In the head- and neck region lateral spines are longer than spines of the same region on the dorsal surface. Ventral interciliary area with round smooth scales. The scales of the last two interciliary rows oval to weakly three-lobed, with keels and a very short simple spines. Ventral terminal scales elongate oval and keeled with short simple spines. Mouth subterminal. Pharynx widens posteriorly. PhIJ at U 32 – 35. Intestine straight with anus at U 84 – 85. According to Schwank (1990) there seems to be two non-overlapping morphological forms of C. (P.) mutinensis, which differs in size. The Swedish specimens are all above 160 µm in total body length, which apparently is the reported lower size limit for German and Canadian specimens. Specimens collected on the Swedish west coast do not have the posterior pair of dorsal sensory bristles emerging from double-keeled scales. However, specimens from northern Sweden show these scales, and one of them is just above the total body length reported in the literature. All Swedish specimens were adults in parthenogenetic phase. Previously reported from Germany (Schwank 1990), Italy (Balsamo 1977), Sweden (Kånneby et al. 2009) and Canada (Schwank 1990).	en	Kånneby, Tobias (2013): New species and records of freshwater Chaetonotus (Gastrotricha: Chaetonotidae) from Sweden. Zootaxa 3701 (5): 551-588, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3701.5.3
C1146C7C4C22FF9C02CDC3971F0CF8D8.taxon	materials_examined	Material: 1 specimen. TL, 152 µm; FL, 24 µm; AL, 20 µm; PhL, 30 µm; MD, 5 µm; CW, 14 µm; TNC, 8; DC, 4; DR, 19 – 20; VLC, 4; HS, 5 x 4 µm; NS, 5 – 6 x 5 – 6 µm; DS, 10 – 14 x 10 – 14 µm; HSp, 3 – 6 µm; NSp, 6 – 7 µm; DSp, 12 – 20 µm; VC, 3 – 4. Head clearly five-lobed with two pairs of short cephalic sensory ciliary tufts. Cephalion, epi- and hypopleurae developed. Hypostomium absent. At least the posterior pair of dorsal sensory bristles present, emerging from round double-keeled scales. Furca weakly tong-shaped with adhesive tubes constituting almost 4 / 5 of the total furca length. Dorsal body surface on head- and neck region covered by crescent-shaped to round scales with short straight simple spines. Lateral spines in head- and neck region are longer, up to 10 – 12 µm in length. Dorsal trunk region covered by round to sub-oval scales with simple straight spines. In the posteriormost dorsal trunk region scales are much smaller with shorter spines. One pair of long parafurcal spines, up to 30 µm in length, present. Ventrolateral scales are round to oval with long slightly curved spines, up to 28 µm in length. Anterior part of the ventral interciliary area with smooth plates much resembling those of Lepidodermella squamata (Dujardin, 1841) and Chaetonotus maximus. In the intestinal region the ventral interciliary field is covered by transverse plates with jagged anterior ornamentation. Posteriormost part covered by 3 – 4 columns of round to oval keeled scales; spines could not be seen. At the caudal incision two ventral pairs of smaller scales present, the middle pair carries short but stout spines clearly visible between the furcal branches. Pharynx, with anterior and posterior swellings. PhIJ at U 23. Intestine straight with anus at U 70. The Swedish specimen is larger than the Argentinean specimens but they are the same morphological species. C. (P.) soberanus has long dorsal and lateral spines as opposed to the European records of the morphologically closely related Chaetonotus (Primochaetus) ophiogaster Remane, 1927. Previously reported from Argentina (Grosso & Drahg, 1983).	en	Kånneby, Tobias (2013): New species and records of freshwater Chaetonotus (Gastrotricha: Chaetonotidae) from Sweden. Zootaxa 3701 (5): 551-588, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3701.5.3
C1146C7C4C21FFA002CDC4BC1D6EFEAC.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: Small stream, Abisko Tourist Station, Abisko, Lapland (N 68 º 21 ’ 23 ’’; E 18 º 47 ’ 59 ’’), July 3, 2010. Other localities: Kungsleden, Abisko, Lapland (N 68 º 21 ’ 49 ’’; E 18 º 46 ’ 64 ’’), July 3, 2010. Type material: Photographs of one specimen, available at the Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden. Accession number: Holotype, SMNH Type- 8446. Photographs of two specimens, available at the Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden. Accession number: Paratypes, SMNH Type- 8447 and 8448.	en	Kånneby, Tobias (2013): New species and records of freshwater Chaetonotus (Gastrotricha: Chaetonotidae) from Sweden. Zootaxa 3701 (5): 551-588, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3701.5.3
C1146C7C4C21FFA002CDC4BC1D6EFEAC.taxon	etymology	Etymology: This species is named in honour of Dr. Veronica Lundgren.	en	Kånneby, Tobias (2013): New species and records of freshwater Chaetonotus (Gastrotricha: Chaetonotidae) from Sweden. Zootaxa 3701 (5): 551-588, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3701.5.3
C1146C7C4C21FFA002CDC4BC1D6EFEAC.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Small species, 123 – 125 µm in total body length. Body width 25 – 30 µm, 18 µm, 28 – 38 µm and 16 – 18 µm at head, neck, trunk and base of furca respectively. Head five-lobed with cephalion and weakly developed pleurae. Furca straight, 18 – 20 µm in length, with thick rigid adhesive tubes. Dorsal body surface covered by round to suboval overlapping scales, anterior parts of which tend to be fused with the body surface. Scales are distributed in 16 – 19 dorsal columns with 27 – 30 scales in each. Each dorsal scale carries a simple hair-like strongly curved spine, originating from, and more or less perpendicular to the posterior part of the scale. Ventrolaterally spines are only slightly curved. Ventral interciliary area with small, round to suboval keeled scales, which fuse with the body surface towards the animal’s anterior end. Ventral terminal scales keeled and suboval in shape and strongly overlapping. Seven to eight simple ventral spines can be seen through the caudal incision. Ventral ciliation in two separate longitudinal bands. Mouth subterminal. Pharynx 34 – 35 µm in length, widens slightly towards the posterior end.	en	Kånneby, Tobias (2013): New species and records of freshwater Chaetonotus (Gastrotricha: Chaetonotidae) from Sweden. Zootaxa 3701 (5): 551-588, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3701.5.3
C1146C7C4C21FFA002CDC4BC1D6EFEAC.taxon	description	Description: Small species, 123 – 125 µm in total body length (holotype 125 µm in total body length). Head clearly five-lobed with two pairs of cephalic sensory ciliary tufts. Anterior pair with approximately 5 cilia, 5 – 10 µm in length; posterior pair with approximately 5 cilia of which 2 – 3 are longer, 14 – 30 µm in length. Cephalion, 14 µm in width. Pleurae weakly developed. Hypostomium developed as a transverse sub-rectangular somewhat shield-shaped plate. Anterior dorsal sensory bristles apparently absent, posterior dorsal sensory bristles emerging from weakly devloped rounded double-keeled scales at U 79. Body width of fairly squeezed specimens, 25 – 30 µm at the head (U 11 – 13), 18 µm at the neck (U 28 – 30), 28 – 38 µm at the trunk (U 63 – 65) and 16 – 18 µm at the base of the furca (U 85 – 88). Head delimited from trunk by a constricted neck. The trunk reaches its maximum width approximately halfway to 2 / 3 down the length of the body. Furca straight, 18 – 20 µm in length. Adhesive tubes thick and rigid, 9 – 10 µm in length. Dorsal surface covered by round to suboval overlapping scales, the anterior parts of which tend to be fused with the body surface. Scales are distributed in 16 – 19 dorsal columns with 27 – 30 scales in each. The total number of scale columns is 30 – 33. The median dorsal column is more or less straight while scales on either side progressively approach parallelism with the lateral body outline. Developed scales are 2 – 3 µm in length and 2 – 3 µm in width and are of similar size all over the body. Scales of the furcal base tend to be more reduced than scales of other parts of the dorsal body surface. Dorsal scales bear simple hair-like spines, up to 9 µm in length, originating from, and more or less perpendicular to, the posterior part of each scale. Moreover spines are strongly curved, relative to the spine axis below the curve, approximately 1 / 3 of the length from their anchor point. Dorsally this gives the impression that scales are stalked e. g. as in Aspidiophorus (Voigt, 1903). At the posterior end a pair of slightly curved parafurcal spines, 14 – 16 µm in length. Ventrolateral scales are smaller but similar in shape to those of the dorsal body surface. Spines of the ventrolateral areas are only slightly curved. The anterior 2 / 3 of the ventral interciliary area apparently naked. The posterior third is covered by round to oval small, keeled scales, 1 – 2 µm in length and 1 – 2 µm in width. Interciliary scales become more and more fused with the body surface anteriorly, but can be followed to where the body reaches its greatest width (U 63 – 65). In the posterior end a pair of keeled suboval strongly overlapping ventral terminal scales, 6 – 8 µm in length and 4 – 5 µm in width. Posterior to the ventral terminals scales 7 – 8 simple spines (their scales could not be observed), 10 – 14 µm in length; they are confined within the caudal incision, the outer spines are curved towards the furcal branches, while the median spines are more or less straight or only slightly curved towards the furcal branches. Ventral ciliation in two separate longitudinal bands, with anterior cilia up to 15 – 20 µm in length. Mouth subterminal, 4 – 6 µm in diameter. Pharynx widens slightly towards the posterior end, 34 – 35 µm in length. PhIJ at U 31 – 34. Intestine straight with anus at U 81 – 82. The specimens studied were all in parthenogenetic phase. Taxonomic remarks: It appears that C. (P.) veronicae n. sp. should be affiliated with C. (Primochaetus). The main reasons are: (i), the round scales; (ii), spines arise closer to the posterior edges of the scales; (iii), spines increase only slightly in length from anterior to posterior; (iv), all dorsal scales lack keels, and spines originates from a single point. Within the subgenus C. (P.) veronicae n. sp. appears morphologically closest to C. (P.) mutinensis with which it shares the simple thin hair-like spines and the rounded scales. The new species can be separated from C. (P.) mutinensis based on the following characters: (i) the new species have strongly curved spines compared to the gently curved spines in C. (P.) mutinensis; (ii) the number of dorsal scale columns and scale rows which is greater in C. (P.) veronicae n. sp. (16 – 19 vs. 9 – 12 and 27 – 30 vs. 22 – 25 respectively); (iii) the scales of the ventral interciliary field which are reduced in the new species compared to the developed scales of C. (P.) mutinensis.	en	Kånneby, Tobias (2013): New species and records of freshwater Chaetonotus (Gastrotricha: Chaetonotidae) from Sweden. Zootaxa 3701 (5): 551-588, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3701.5.3
C1146C7C4C1EFFA002CDC1E1186AFA45.taxon	description	Localities: Lake Trösvattnet, Västmanland (N 59 º 33 ’ 21 ’’; E 14 º 29 ’ 23 ’’), December 1, 2007; Artificial pond, Nybro, Småland (N 56 º 44 ’ 89 ’’; E 15 º 54 ’ 27 ’’), June 28, 2008.	en	Kånneby, Tobias (2013): New species and records of freshwater Chaetonotus (Gastrotricha: Chaetonotidae) from Sweden. Zootaxa 3701 (5): 551-588, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3701.5.3
C1146C7C4C1EFFA002CDC1E1186AFA45.taxon	materials_examined	Material: 2 specimens (1 measured). TL, 174 µm; FL, 31 µm; AL, 20 µm; PhL, 39 µm; MD, 5 – 6 µm; CW, 16 µm; TNC, 17 – 20; DC, 11 – 13; DR, 21 – 22; VLC, 6; HS, 4 – 5 x 3 µm; NS, 5 – 6 x ~ 3 – 4 µm; DS, 6 – 7 x 3 – 4 µm; HSp, ~ 1 µm; NSp, 1 – 2 µm; DSp, 1 – 2 µm; GSp, 34 – 36 µm; VC, 13 – 15. Head five-lobed with two pairs of cephalic sensory ciliary tufts. The posterior pair with longer cilia than anterior. Cephalion and pleurae well developed. Hypostomium developed as a concave transverse bar. Two pairs of dorsal sensory bristles; anterior pair inserted between scales at U 23, posterior pair emerging from sub-triangular double-keeled scales at U 81. Anterior to the spine girdle the dorsal surface is covered by elongated weakly threelobed scales with very short simple spines. The girdle consists of 8 spines, with furcated tips, anchored at U 50. Posterior to the girdle, dorsal scales are keeled with a simple spine generally reduced or very short. Closer to the base of the furca, scales get smaller and farther spaced apart. The posteriormost dorsal scales with short simple spines that can be seen between the furca branches. A pair of longer (15 µm) lateral spines inserted at U 72. Moreover, a pair of long (40 – 44 µm) parafurcal spines inserted at U 85. Interciliary field covered by small elongated keeled scales. Ventral ciliation in two separate longitudinal bands. Mouth subterminal. Pharynx with anterior and posterior swellings, the posterior larger than the anterior. PhIJ at U 26. Intestine straight with anus at U 83. The Swedish specimens were adults in parthenogenetic phase. They fall within the morphometric limits reported for C. (Z.) bisacer, a very variable species according to Schwank (1990). Previously reported from Denmark (Grilli et al. 2010), Germany (Schwank 1990), Great Britain (Martin 1981), Italy (Balsamo 1983), Poland (Kisielewski 1979), Romania (Rudescu 1967), Russia (www. faunaeur. org), Switzerland (Greuter 1917), Argentina (Grosso 1973), Brazil (Kisielewski 1991), Canada (Schwank 1990), Japan (Saito 1937), Korea (Lee & Chang 2000), USA (Pfaltzgraff 1966; Weiss 2001).	en	Kånneby, Tobias (2013): New species and records of freshwater Chaetonotus (Gastrotricha: Chaetonotidae) from Sweden. Zootaxa 3701 (5): 551-588, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3701.5.3
C1146C7C4C1EFFA302CDC6111F37FD5F.taxon	materials_examined	Material: 1 specimen. TL, 192 µm; FL, 40 µm; AL, 27 µm; PhL, 43 µm; MD, ~ 6 µm; CW, 18 µm; TNC, 16 – 18; DC, 8 – 9; DR, 24 – 26; VLC, 8 – 9; HS, 4 x 3 µm; NS, 5 – 6 x NA µm; DS, 6 – 8 x 4 – 5 µm; DSp, 12 – 20 µm; Gsp, 63 – 66 µm; VC, ~ 20. Head clearly five-lobed with two pairs of cephalic sensory ciliary tufts; the posterior pair with longer cilia than the anterior pair. Cephalion and pleurae well developed. Hypostomium absent. Two pairs of dorsal sensory bristles (Schwank 1990), posterior pair emerging from sub-triangular double-keeled scales at U 79. Furca straight to weakly tong-shaped with adhesive tubes constituting almost 3 / 4 of the total furca length. Anterior dorsal surface covered by small polygonal keeled scales with a very short simple spine. A little less than halfway down the body (U 45), 9 long simple spines anchored by small polygonal scales form a transversal girdle. Posterior dorsal trunk surface covered by rounded to oval or weakly three-lobed keeled scales, which decrease in size at the base of the furca. A pair of long (43 µm) simple lateral spines inserted at U 71. A pair of long (58 µm) simple parafurcal spines that greatly overshoot the furca, inserted at U 82. Five short simple spines can be seen between the furcal branches, the outer pair originates from ventral scales. The ventral surface of the pharynx region covered with approximately 14 transverse scale plates. The rest of the ventral interciliary area covered by numerous small oval keeled scales. Ventral ciliation in two separate longitudinal bands that divide on the head. Mouth subterminal. Pharynx muscular with large posterior swelling. PhIJ at U 26. Intestine straight with anus at U 76. The Swedish specimen was an adult in parthenogenetic phase. It agrees well with diagnostic characters presented in the literature. One exception is that the scales in the trunk region are smaller than previously reported, and they apparently do not overlap. Moreover, the anterior pair of dorsal sensory cilia could not be seen in the Swedish specimen. Previously reported from Bulgaria (Valkanov 1937), Germany (Voigt 1902), Norway (Schwank 1990), Poland (Roszczak 1968), Romania (Rudescu 1967), Russia (Preobrajenskaja 1926), Brazil (Kisielewski 1991), Japan (Saito 1937), Korea (Lee & Chang 2000), USA (Weiss 2001).	en	Kånneby, Tobias (2013): New species and records of freshwater Chaetonotus (Gastrotricha: Chaetonotidae) from Sweden. Zootaxa 3701 (5): 551-588, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3701.5.3
