taxonID	type	description	language	source
C025005FFFCFFFD2204AFD44F393FD7C.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: Holotype male. ARGENTINA. Corrientes: San Martín, Paraje Tres Cerros (29 ° 6 ' 31.54 " S – 56 ° 56 ' 2.17 " W), N. Ferretti leg. 7. iii. 2020 (CARTROUNNE 9379). Paratype female. ARGENTINA. Corrientes: San Martín, Paraje Tres Cerros (29 ° 6 ' 31.54 " S – 56 ° 56 ' 2.17 " W), N. Ferretti leg. 7. iii. 2020 (CARTROUNNE 9380). Additional material examined: 3 females. ARGENTINA. Corrientes: San Martín, Paraje Tres Cerros (29 ° 6 ' 31.54 " S – 56 ° 56 ' 2.17 " W), N. Ferretti leg. 7. iii. 2020 (CARTROUNNE 9381). Etymology: The species is named in recognition of the continued support from the International Society of Arachnology (ISA) to arachnological studies around the world. Diagnosis: Males of Stenoterommata isa sp. nov. resemble those of S. chavarii Ghirotto & Indicatti, 2021, S. crassimana (Mello-Leitão, 1923), S. palmar Goloboff, 1995, S. sevegnaniae Indicatti, Chavari, Zucatelli-Júnior, Lucas & Brescovit, 2017 and S. tenuistyla Goloboff, 1995 by the palpal bulb with thin and filiform embolus (Fig. 3 A – D). It can be distinguished from the S. sevegnaniae and S. tenuistyla by the strongly curved embolus at the tip (Fig. 3 A – D). Also, males resemble those of S. tenuistyla in the presence of numerous short spines on ventral metatarsus I (Fig. 3 H), but differ in having fewer spines and the presence of labial cuspules and a fewer number of maxillary cuspules (fewer than 45). Additionally, males can be distinguished from those of S. crassimana by the palpal duct being much less curved in medial region and absence of stains on ventral abdomen (Fig. 2 D); from S. chavarii and S. palmar by the presence of numerous short spines on ventral metatarsus I (Fig. 3 H), and also from S. palmar by the presence of ITC on legs III and IV. Females are distinguished by the single receptacle arising from the basal portion of medial area of a very short triangular basal dome (Fig. 4 F) [in S. palmar, the basal dome is very long and triangular (Figs. 43 – 47, Indicatti et al. 2008); and in S. tenuistyla, the basal dome is short and rounded with the receptacle arising from the tip (Fig. 72 C, Goloboff 1995)]. Description: Male holotype. Color pattern (in life): chelicerae, carapace light brown covered with dark brown setae, coxa and trochanter light brown, patellae, tibiae and tarsi light grey, femora and metatarsi black (Fig. 1 B). Abdomen dorsally brownish with black stains mainly on central region (Fig. 1 B). Color in ethanol: carapace (Fig. 2 A), coxa and trochanter brown reddish, carapace covered by black setae. Abdomen dorsally light brown yellowish with black mottling forming discrete chevron (Fig. 2 B), laterally and ventrally light brown yellowish without mottles (Fig. 2 D). Total length 7.37. Chelicerae 0.83 long, 0.43 wide (only left side). Carapace 3.4 long, 2.32 wide, with very narrow, procurved fovea, 0.15 wide (Fig. 2 A). Abdomen 3.97 long, 2.24 wide (Fig. 2 B, D). Thoracic region flat, not elevated. Clypeus 0.09 long. Eye tubercle 0.32 long, 0.61 wide, slightly elevated. Anterior eye row slightly procurved, posterior slightly recurved (Fig. 2 A). Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.11, ALE 0.06, PME 0.07, PLE 0.15, AME – AME 0.10, AME – ALE 0.04, PME – PME 0.25, PME – PLE 0.03, ALE – PLE 0.04. Chelicerae with 7 teeth on promargin, with 18 basal smaller teeth on retromargin, rastellum weak formed by long thin setae (Fig. 2 C). Intercheliceral tumescence large and circular, pale yellow, covered with few long setae on basal region. Labium 0.16 long, 0.41 wide, with 1 cuspule, although holes indicate 3 original cuspules. Maxillae with 41 / 36 blunt cuspules on internal basal angle. Sternum oval, 1.62 long, 1.25 wide. Sternal sigilla: all circular, anterior slightly smaller than medium, posterior the largest; anterior, medium and posterior distant from margin by ca. 0.5 x length (Fig. 2 C). Legs and palp measurements are shown in table 1. Spination: tarsi of all legs, 0; femur: palp and legs I – IV, 0; patellae: palp and legs I – II, 0; III: 1 - 1 - 1 P, 1 R; IV: 1 R; tibiae: palp: 1 (ap) R, 1 - 2 (ap) P; I: 1 - 1 - 2 (ap) V (1 ap + megaspine) (Fig. 3 E – F); II: 1 - 1 P, 1 - 1 - 2 (ap) V; III: 1 D, 1 R, 2 - 2 - 3 (ap) V, 2 - 1 P; IV: 2 - 2 - 2 V, 1 - 1 P, 1 - 1 R; metatarsi: I: 2 - 2 - 1 - 2 - 3 (ap) V, 1 - 2 (ap) P; II: 1 - 2 - 3 (ap) V, 1 - 1 P; III: 1 - 2 - 2 R, 2 - 2 - 2 D, 1 - 1 - 2 (ap) V, 1 - 1 - 2 (ap) P; IV: 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 2 (ap) D, 1 - 2 - 2 (ap) R, 2 - 2 - 1 - 2 V, 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 P. Metatarsal preening combs: III: 3 VR, 3 VP; IV: 3 VP. Combs of leg IV are formed by equal size setae. Tarsi I – II integral, III – IV flexible. Scopulae on tarsi I and II complete and divided by a central row of 3 thin setae; III and IV absent. Scopulae on ½ length of metatarsi I and on 1 / 3 of metatarsi II; III and IV absent. STC large with double row of teeth: I: 6 / 7 – 8 / 7; II: 6 / 8 – 6 / 7; III: 7 / 8 – 7 / 9; IV: 7 / 7 – 8 / 6. ITC on tarsi I – IV (Fig. 3 G – H). Presence of 16 epiandric spigots. Four spinnerets: PMS 0.34 long, with pumpkiniform spigots on apical half. PLS: basal segment 0.59, median 0.55, apical triangular, 0.33 long, with pumpkiniform spigots on all segments. Palp (Fig. 3 A – F): cymbium with elongate dense setae, denser at tip (Fig. 3 E – F); bulb piriform, basal region of tegulum with grooves, thin embolus curved at the tip, with ca. 18 retrodorsal parallel well-developed keels (Fig. 3 A – D). Female paratype: Color pattern (in life): chelicerae, carapace dark brown covered with bronze setae, legs dark brown, with darker femora (Fig. 1 A). Abdomen dorsally brown with black stains mainly on central region (Fig. 1 A). Color in ethanol: carapace (Fig. 4 A), coxa and trochanter brown reddish, carapace covered by black setae. Abdomen dorsally light brown yellowish with black mottling forming discrete chevron (Fig. 4 B). Total length 10.59. Chelicerae 1.46 long, 0.90 wide (only left side). Carapace 4.92 long, 3.58 wide, with procurved fovea, 0.36 wide (Fig. 4 A). Abdomen 5.67 long, 3.92 wide (Fig. 4 B). Thoracic region raised. Clypeus 0.08 long. Eye tubercle 0.54 long, 0.79 wide, slightly elevated. Anterior eye row slightly procurved, posterior slightly recurved (Fig. 4 A). Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.16, ALE 0.23, PME 0.19, PLE 0.25, AME – AME 0.12, AME – ALE 0.08, PME – PME 0.34, PME – PLE 0.04, ALE – PLE 0.05. Chelicerae with 8 teeth on promargin, with 19 basal smaller teeth on retromargin, rastellum weak formed by long thin setae (Fig. 4 C). Labium 0.37 long, 0.74 wide, with 2 cuspules, although holes indicate 4 original cuspules. Maxillae with 72 / 80 blunt cuspules on internal basal angle (Fig. 4 D). Sternum oval, 2.11 long, 1.80 wide. Sternal sigillae: all circular, anterior slightly smaller than medium, posterior the largest; anterior, medium and posterior distant from margin by ca. 0.5 x length (Fig. 4 C). Legs and palp measurements are shown in table 2. Spination: tarsi of all legs, 0; femur: palp and legs I – IV: 0; patellae: palp and legs I – II: 0; III: 1 - 1 - 1 P; IV: 1 R; tibiae: palp: 1 - 2 (ap) V. 1 - 1 P; I-II: 0; III: 1 - 1 - 3 (ap) V, 1 D, 1 - 1 P, 1 R; IV: 2 (ap) V, 1 - 1 R, 1 - 1 P; metatarsi: I: 1 - 1 - 1 V; II: 2 - 2 - 2 (ap) V; III: 2 - 2 - 2 (ap) V, 1 - 1 R, 2 - 1 - 2 P, 1 - 2 - 2 D; IV: 1 - 1 - 2 (ap) D, 2 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 3 (ap) V, 1 - 2 - 1 R, 1 - 1 - 1 P. Metatarsal preening combs: II: 3 VP; III: 4 VR, 4 VP; IV: 4 V. Combs of leg IV are formed by equal size setae. Tarsi I – III integral, IV flexible. Scopulae on tarsi I and II complete and divided by a central row of 4 thin setae; III and IV absent. Scopulae on ⅔ length of metatarsi I and on ½ of metatarsi II; III and IV absent. STC large with double row of teeth: I: 5 on all claws; II: 6 / 6 – 5 / 6; III: 6 / 7 – 7 / 7; IV: 9 / 8 – 7 / 9. ITC on tarsi I – IV (Fig. 4 E). Four spinnerets: PMS 0.45 long, with pumpkiniform spigots on apical half. PLS: basal segment 0.65, median 0.61, apical triangular, 0.46 long, with pumpkiniform spigots on all segments. Distribution: Stenoterommata isa sp. nov. has only been collected in its type locality in the low hill range of Paraje Tres Cerros, in north eastern Corrientes province, in northern Argentina (Fig. 5). Natural History: All specimens were found in the Nazareno hill formation only in the forest slopes and not in the surrounding grasslands (Fig. 1 C – D). Spiders were found occupying dense silk tubes with one apparent entrance under small stones (Fig. 1 E). Sexual behavior: We obtained one mating of S. isa sp. nov. The male contacts the female through a sheet of silk without previous courtship, as result, the female starts chasing the male and after a couple of seconds of persecution, the male remains still and the female returns to the shelter. Then, the male turns around and touches the female legs with legs 1 and 2 and starts the courtship by beating the female’s cephalothorax and sternum with legs 2 and palps respectively for 11 seconds. After that, the male clasped with the first pair of legs between the palp base and chelicerae of the female and elevated her to reach the genital opening. Then, the male proceeds to make at least 5 palpal insertion attempts, alternating his palps, while the female remains still. In the last 30 seconds, the female starts to make slow movements with her legs, then, the male escapes quickly. The duration of copulation was 420 seconds.	en	Nicoletta, Micalea, Panchuk, Justina, Peralta-Seen, Nicolás, Ferretti, Nelson (2022): Description and Sexual Behavior of Two New Species of Mygalomorph Spiders (Araneae: Theraphosidae, Pycnothelidae), and First Record of Xenonemesia platensis (Pycnothelidae) of Corrientes, Argentina. Zoological Studies 61 (62): 1-18, DOI: 10.6620/ZS.2022.61-62, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827095
C025005FFFC5FFD823D7FF64F196FDFC.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: Holotype male. ARGENTINA. Corrientes: San Martín, Paraje Tres Cerros (29 ° 6 ' 31.54 " S – 56 ° 56 ' 2.17 " W), M. Nicoletta, J. Panchuk legs. 9. iii. 2020 (CARTROUNNE 9382). Paratype female. ARGENTINA. Corrientes: San Martín, Paraje Tres Cerros (29 ° 6 ' 31.54 " S – 56 ° 56 ' 2.17 " W), N. Ferretti, N. Peralta-Seen legs. 9. iii. 2020 (CARTROUNNE 9383). Additional material examined: 1 male (molted in captivity). ARGENTINA. Corrientes: San Martín, Paraje Tres Cerros (29 ° 6 ' 31.54 " S – 56 ° 56 ' 2.17 " W), N. Ferretti, M. Nicoletta, J. Panchuk, N. Peralta-Seen legs. 9. iii. 2020 (CARTROUNNE 9384). 2 females. ARGENTINA. Corrientes: San Martín, Paraje Tres Cerros (29 ° 6 ' 31.54 " S – 56 ° 56 ' 2.17 " W), N. Ferretti, M. Nicoletta, J. Panchuk, N. Peralta-Seen legs. 8. iii. 2020 (CARTROUNNE 9385). Etymology: The species name refers to “ sapukái ” from the Guaraní language, which means clamor. The “ sapucai ” is a long, high-pitched shout used as a call. It is typical of the Guaraní culture and is widespread along the Argentinean littoral region and particularly in the Corrientes province. In addition, it is particularly used in the Chamamé culture. Diagnosis: Males differ from those of C. petropolium by the presence of a tibial spur on tibia of leg I, and from C. argentinense by the retrolateral branch having two spines (Fig. 8 A) [one large in C. argentinense, figs. 16 – 17 in Guadanucci (2004)]. Additionally, males differ from those of C. chicaoi by the absence of a partially bifurcate spine on the retrolateral branch of the tibial spur. Finally, males resemble those of C. parvum, from which differ by the curved spines on the retrolateral branch of the tibial spur [straight in C. parvum, fig. 10 in Guadanucci (2004)], and by the shape of the palpal bulb, with a more globose tegulum and thicker curved embolus (Fig. 8 B – C) [thinner and straight C. parvum, fig. 5 in Galleti-Lima et al. (2021)]. Females can be easily distinguished from the known species by the shape of the spermathecae, having two elongated digitiform domes external to the inner receptacles (Fig. 9 F). Description: Male holotype. Color in life: carapace black with margins covered with pinkish setae, legs black with coxa and trochanter covered dorsally with pinkish setae; abdomen black with long reddish setae, mainly on anterior part, spinnerets black (Fig. 6 B). Color in ethanol: carapace (Fig. 7 A) and chelicerae (Fig. 7 C) light brown with black setae, carapace margin black; abdomen dorsally black with long reddish setae, mainly on anterior part (Fig. 7 B); legs light brown with femora, metatarsi and tarsi dark brown; sternum, labium and maxillae light brown (Fig. 7 C), tarsi ventrally dark brown; abdomen and spinnerets ventrally brown (Fig. 7 D). Total length: 10.24. Carapace: 5.03 long, 4.26 wide. Fovea: slightly recurved, 0.32 wide (Fig. 7 A). Eye tubercle: 0.49 long, 0.79 wide (Fig. 7 E). Anterior eye row procurved, posterior slightly recurved. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.22, ALE 0.24, PME 0.16, PLE 0.23, AME – AME 0.09, AME – ALE 0.10, PME – PME 0.34, PME – PLE 0.07, ALE – PLE 0.13. Cheliceral furrow with 8 big teeth on the promargin and 10 smaller on retromargin. Labium: 0.31 long, 0.92 wide, without cuspules. Maxillae with 24 / 19 cuspules (Fig. 7 F). Sternum oval: 2.73 long, 2.26 wide (Fig. 7 C). Legs and palp measurements are shown in table 3. Spination: tarsi of all legs, 0; femur: palp: 0; I: 1 P; II: 0; III: 1 - 1 D, 1 - 1 R; IV: 1 - 1 P; patellae: palp, legs I – II and IV: 0; III: 1 R; tibiae: palp: 2 - 1 P; I: 1 - 1 - 1 V, 1 - 1 P; II: 1 - 1 - 2 (ap) V, 1 - 1 P; III: 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 P, 1 - 1 - 2 (ap) V, 1 - 2 - 1 - 1 R; IV: 2 - 2 - 3 (ap) V, 1 - 1 P, 1 - 1 - 2 R; metatarsi: I: 2 - 1 - 1 V; II: 1 - 1 V, 1 P; III: 1 - 2 - 2 - 1 P, 1 - 1 - 2 (ap) V, 2 - 2 R; IV: 2 - 2 - 3 (ap) V, 1 - 1 - 2 P, 1 - 1 - 1 R, 1 - 1 D. Tibial spur formed by two branches, prolateral strongly reduced bearing a strong curved spine, retrolateral well developed with two curved spines on its apical end (Fig. 8 A). Metatarsus I bends retrolaterally to the branch of tibial spur. Paired tarsal claws I and II with 6 teeth on the prolateral side; paired tarsal claws III and IV smooth. Scopulae on tarsi: I complete and divided by a longitudinal band of 3 setae, II and III complete and divided by a longitudinal band of 4 setae, IV complete and divided by a longitudinal band of 6 / 7 setae. Scopulae on metatarsi: I totally occupied by scopula, II ⅔ occupied by scopula, III ¾ occupied by scopula, IV ½ occupied by scopula. Lobes of cymbium of equal size, Male palpal bulb long, embolus ventrally slightly curved, tegulum globose and tapering abruptly (Fig. 8 B – C). Female paratype: Color in life and in ethanol as in male (Figs. 6 A, 9 A – D). Total length: 9.68. Carapace: 4.68 long, 3.92 wide (Fig. 9 A). Fovea: recurved, 0.44 wide. Eye tubercle: 0.47 long, 0.82 wide (Fig. 9 E). Anterior eye row procurved, posterior slightly recurved. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.13, ALE 0.24, PME 0.15, PLE 0.24, AME – AME 0.16, AME – ALE 0.06, PME – PME 0.36, PME – PLE 0.05, ALE – PLE 0.08. Cheliceral furrow with 9 big teeth on the promargin and 12 smaller on retromargin. Labium: 0.31 long, 0.8 wide, without cuspules. Maxillae with 20 / 21 cuspules. Sternum oval: 2.15 long, 1.72 wide (Fig. 9 C). Legs and palp measurements are shown in table 4. Spination: tarsi of all legs, 0; femur: palp, legs I – II: 0; III: 1 - 2 D; IV: 1 D; patellae: palp, legs I – II and IV: 0; III: 1 P; tibiae: palp: 3 (ap) V, 1 P; I: 1 - 1 V; II: 1 - 2 V; III: 2 - 2 - 3 (ap) V, 1 - 1 - 1 P, 1 - 1 - 1 R; IV: 1 - 2 - 2 V, 1 - 2 - 1 P, 1 - 1 R; metatarsi: I: 1 - 1 V; II: 1 - 1 V; III: 1 - 1 - 3 (ap) V, 2 - 1 P, 1 - 1 - 1 R, 2 (ap) D; IV: 2 (ap) D, 2 - 2 - 3 (ap) V, 1 - 1 P, 2 - 1 - 1 R. Paired tarsal claws smooth. Paired tarsal claws I with 6 and II with 7 teeth on the prolateral side; paired tarsal claws III and IV smooth. Scopulae on tarsi: I complete and divided by a longitudinal band of 4 setae, II complete and divided by a longitudinal band of 5 setae, III complete and divided by a longitudinal band of 7 setae, IV complete and divided by a longitudinal band of ca. 10 setae. Scopulae on metatarsi: I and II ⅔ occupied by scopula, III and IV ½ occupied by scopula. Spermathecae paired with internal long and slightly curved ducts bearing terminal circular receptacula, and presence of an elongated digitiform domes not sclerotized on the external side, not differentiated in a receptaculum (Fig. 9 F). Distribution: Catumiri sapucai sp. nov. has only been collected in its type locality in the low hill range of Paraje Tres Cerros, in north eastern Corrientes province, in northern Argentina (Fig. 10). Natural History: Specimens were found inhabiting in sympatry with those of Stenoterommata isa sp. nov. by occupying small rocks (Fig. 6 C). However, Catumiri sapucai sp. nov. constructs short burrows or crevices with abundant silk and some sleeves (Fig. 6 D). Sexual behavior: From the five matings registered for Catumiri sapucai sp. nov., in two cases, males contacted the females without an evident courtship, they walked straight to the female position. In the remaining three encounters, males initiated courtship by performing a few quick body vibrations, while they moved toward the female. Then, they contacted the female with legs I and II until they faced each other and grabbed legs I and II of the female and began to pull on them (16.41 s ± 9.65 SD). Also, in contact, males performed quick body vibrations (2.09 s ± 0.89 SD) and touches the legs I and II of the females (11.92 s ± 14.16 SD). In one case, we observed that the male performed high-frequency body vibrations (29.33 s ± 17.78 SD) alternately touching the first pairs of legs of the female. In all encounters, the females moved towards the male position and raised the first pair of legs and body. Then, the males beat on the sternum and coxa of the females with their palps (4.78 s ± 4.85 SD) and subsequently clasped using their tibial apophysis between the palpal coxa and chelicerae of the female, elevating her to reach the genital opening. Males made about 3 to 5 alternated palpal insertions, with the exception of one insertion in a case in which spiders lost equilibrium and separated from each other. The duration of copulation was 30.05 s ± 23.6 SD and in most cases, males unclasped and ran away, but in two encounters females ended the copulation by moving their back legs to push away the male. No cases of aggression or cannibalism were observed.	en	Nicoletta, Micalea, Panchuk, Justina, Peralta-Seen, Nicolás, Ferretti, Nelson (2022): Description and Sexual Behavior of Two New Species of Mygalomorph Spiders (Araneae: Theraphosidae, Pycnothelidae), and First Record of Xenonemesia platensis (Pycnothelidae) of Corrientes, Argentina. Zoological Studies 61 (62): 1-18, DOI: 10.6620/ZS.2022.61-62, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827095
