taxonID	type	description	language	source
FA3806F9FD1553389FF1F27382D5F7B5.taxon	description	Figs 1, 2, 3	en	Ma, Ya-Lun, Peng, Qiao-Mu, Rioual, Patrick, Liu, Bing, Long, Ji-Yan, Yang, Bin (2025): Ultrastructure of three species of Surirella (Bacillariophyta) from Lake Qinghai, China, with descriptions of two new species. PhytoKeys 263: 175-194, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.263.162632
FA3806F9FD1553389FF1F27382D5F7B5.taxon	description	Description. LM (Fig. 1). Valve outlines ovate with broadly rounded headpole and cuneate footpole (Fig. 1). Valve dimensions (n = 102): length range 19 – 56 μm, width range 13 – 29 μm at its widest region. Costa-stria bundles (CSBs) distinct, alternating with over-fibula ribs (OFRs) from pole to pole (labelled in Fig. 1 F). CSBs parallel at the valve middle, radiate approaching two apices. Fibulae visible, short (judged by OFRs, labelled in Fig. 1 F), 5 – 7 in 10 μm. SEM (Figs 2, 3). Externally, raphe canal located directly on the mantle, and wall of raphe canal hyaline (Fig. 2 A, B), distal raphe endings straight, interrupted at both headpole and footpole (Fig. 2 D, E). Surface costae mostly raised, some reaching valve midline (Fig. 2 C). Each CSB composed of ca. 2 – 4 costae and 3 – 5 striae (Fig. 2 F). Outside openings of areolae slit-like or rounded (Fig. 2 D, E). Striae multiseriate, composed of ca. 2 – 5 rows of areolae (Fig. 2 D, E), 19 – 22 in 10 μm (measured at the valve margin from SEM images, n = 4). Surface siliceous warts and reticulate thickenings produced on costae and between adjacent two costae, respectively (e. g., Fig. 2 D, E). Internally, wall of raphe canal not growing conspicuously into cell cavity, leaving portulae visible (Fig. 3 A, B). Fibulae slim, short, sometimes doubled (Fig. 3 B, arrows), spanning ca. 1 / 4 of valve width, not extending to valve midline except at two valve poles. Marginal trough-like depressions present around entire raphe canal (Fig. 3 A, black dotted lines). Raphe continuous at headpole (Fig. 3 C, arrow) whereas interrupted at footpole (Fig. 3 D, two arrows). 2 – 5 portulae produced between two adjacent fibulae (Fig. 3 F, arrows). Inner openings of areolae rounded, not rimmed. Each mantle sinking against a fibula (Fig. 3 E, arrows).	en	Ma, Ya-Lun, Peng, Qiao-Mu, Rioual, Patrick, Liu, Bing, Long, Ji-Yan, Yang, Bin (2025): Ultrastructure of three species of Surirella (Bacillariophyta) from Lake Qinghai, China, with descriptions of two new species. PhytoKeys 263: 175-194, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.263.162632
8AFEF91A8EC35508B711C7BA141FE7FA.taxon	description	Figs 4, 5, 6	en	Ma, Ya-Lun, Peng, Qiao-Mu, Rioual, Patrick, Liu, Bing, Long, Ji-Yan, Yang, Bin (2025): Ultrastructure of three species of Surirella (Bacillariophyta) from Lake Qinghai, China, with descriptions of two new species. PhytoKeys 263: 175-194, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.263.162632
8AFEF91A8EC35508B711C7BA141FE7FA.taxon	description	Description. LM (Fig. 4). Valve outlines nearly elliptical with almost isopolar headpole and footpole. Valve dimensions (n = 24): length range 44 – 69 μm, width range 34 – 45 μm at its widest region. Costa-stria bundles (CSBs) distinct, alternating with over-fibula ribs (OFRs) from pole to pole (labelled in Fig. 4 E). CSBs radiate throughout the valve surface. Fibulae visible, short (judged by OFRs, labelled in Fig. 4 E), 4 – 6 in 10 μm. A marginal row of costae produced on the wall of raphe canal (e. g., Fig. 4 B, arrows), 16 – 18 in 10 μm. SEM (Figs 5, 6). Externally, raphe canal located directly on mantle (Fig. 5 A – C), and wall of raphe canal bearing a marginal row of costae (Fig. 5 C, arrows, Fig. 5 F, double-headed arrow). Distal raphe endings straight, interrupted at both headpole and footpole (Fig. 5 D, E). Surface costae mostly slightly raised, some reaching valve midline (Fig. 5 C). Each CSB often composed of ca. 2 – 5 costae and 3 – 6 striae (Fig. 5 F). Outside openings of areolae slit-like (Fig. 5 F). Striae multiseriate, composed of ca. 2 – 5 rows of areolae (Figs 5 F, 6), 15 – 19 in 10 μm (measured at the valve margin from SEM images, n = 3). Surface siliceous warts and reticulate thickenings produced on costae and between adjacent two costae, respectively (e. g., Fig. 5 D – F). Internally, wall of raphe canal slightly growing into cell cavity, whereas portulae visible (Fig. 6 A, B). Fibulae slim, short, sometimes doubled or tripled (Fig. 6 F, arrows), spanning ca. 1 / 4 of valve width, not extending to valve midline except at two poles. Marginal trough-like depressions present around entire raphe canal (Fig. 6 D, black dotted line). Raphe continuous at headpole (Fig. 6 C, arrow) whereas interrupted at footpole (Fig. 6 D, two arrows). 2 – 5 portulae produced between two adjacent fibulae (Fig. 6 F, arrows). Inner openings of areolae rounded, not rimmed.	en	Ma, Ya-Lun, Peng, Qiao-Mu, Rioual, Patrick, Liu, Bing, Long, Ji-Yan, Yang, Bin (2025): Ultrastructure of three species of Surirella (Bacillariophyta) from Lake Qinghai, China, with descriptions of two new species. PhytoKeys 263: 175-194, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.263.162632
8AFEF91A8EC35508B711C7BA141FE7FA.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named after the late diatomist from Luxembourg, Luc Ector (1962 – 2022), for his dedication to diatom taxonomy and his help with our studies of diatoms in China.	en	Ma, Ya-Lun, Peng, Qiao-Mu, Rioual, Patrick, Liu, Bing, Long, Ji-Yan, Yang, Bin (2025): Ultrastructure of three species of Surirella (Bacillariophyta) from Lake Qinghai, China, with descriptions of two new species. PhytoKeys 263: 175-194, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.263.162632
73E489B8D4F95F6B96B226FD71670FA7.taxon	description	Figs 7, 8, 9, 10, 11	en	Ma, Ya-Lun, Peng, Qiao-Mu, Rioual, Patrick, Liu, Bing, Long, Ji-Yan, Yang, Bin (2025): Ultrastructure of three species of Surirella (Bacillariophyta) from Lake Qinghai, China, with descriptions of two new species. PhytoKeys 263: 175-194, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.263.162632
73E489B8D4F95F6B96B226FD71670FA7.taxon	description	Description. LM (Fig. 7). Valve outlines ovate with broadly rounded headpole and cuneate footpole. Valve dimensions (n = 34): length range 38 – 57 μm, width range 31 – 50 μm at its widest region. Costa-stria bundles (CSBs) distinct, alternating with over-fibula ribs (OFRs) from pole to pole (labelled in Fig. 7 E). CSBs radiate throughout valve surface. Fibulae visible, short (judged by OFRs, labelled in Fig. 7 E), 4 – 6 in 10 μm. A marginal row of costae produced on the wall of raphe canal (e. g., Fig. 7 B, arrows), 16 – 18 in 10 μm. SEM (Figs 8 – 11). Externally, raphe canal located directly on mantle (Fig. 8 A, B), and wall of raphe canal bearing a marginal row of costae (Fig. 8 B, arrows; Fig. 8 E, double-headed arrows). Valve surface presents three differentiable areas (labelled A 1, A 2, and A 3 in Fig. 8 B). Distal raphe endings straight, interrupted at both headpole and footpole (Fig. 8 C, D). Surface costae mostly slightly raised, not reaching valve midline except at two poles (Fig. 8 A, B). Each CSB often composed of ca. 2 – 4 costae and 3 – 5 striae (Fig. 8 F). Outside openings of areolae slit-like (Fig. 8 D). Striae multiseriate (sometimes becoming uniseriate at valve middle, Fig. 9 A, D), composed of ca. 2 – 5 rows of areolae (Figs 8 D, 9, 10), 16 – 20 in 10 μm (measured at the valve margin from SEM images, n = 3). Surface siliceous warts and reticulate thickenings produced on costae and between adjacent two costae, respectively (Fig. 8 A-F). Each mantle sinking corresponding to each over-fibula rib (Fig. 9 C, arrows). Internally, wall of raphe canal not growing conspicuously into cell cavity, leaving portulae visible (Fig. 10). Fibulae slim, much shorter, spanning ca. 1 / 8 of valve width, far away from valve midline except at two poles. Marginal trough-like depressions present around entire raphe canal (Fig. 10). Raphe continuous at headpole (Fig. 10 C, arrow) whereas interrupted at footpole (Fig. 10 B, two arrows). 2 – 4 portulae produced between two adjacent fibulae (Fig. 10 E, F, arrows). Inner openings of areolae rounded, rimmed (Fig. 10 B – F).	en	Ma, Ya-Lun, Peng, Qiao-Mu, Rioual, Patrick, Liu, Bing, Long, Ji-Yan, Yang, Bin (2025): Ultrastructure of three species of Surirella (Bacillariophyta) from Lake Qinghai, China, with descriptions of two new species. PhytoKeys 263: 175-194, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.263.162632
73E489B8D4F95F6B96B226FD71670FA7.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named after Lake Qinghai, where this species was found.	en	Ma, Ya-Lun, Peng, Qiao-Mu, Rioual, Patrick, Liu, Bing, Long, Ji-Yan, Yang, Bin (2025): Ultrastructure of three species of Surirella (Bacillariophyta) from Lake Qinghai, China, with descriptions of two new species. PhytoKeys 263: 175-194, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.263.162632
