taxonID	type	description	language	source
C701A33B5F72FF98FEE6FF5AA7A904F0.taxon	description	(Figs. 2 – 24, 28 – 50)	en	Masek, Michal, Ivie, Michael A., Palata, Vaclav, Bocak, Ladislav (2014): Molecular phylogeny and classification of Lyropaeini (Coleoptera: Lycidae) with description of larvae and new species of Lyropaeus. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 136-145, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5353564
C701A33B5F72FF98FEE6FF5AA7A904F0.taxon	diagnosis	Adult. Differential diagnosis. Antennae 10 - segmented, head hypognathous, mouthparts reduced and with merged basal palpomeres, pronotum without carinae, elytra with weak longitudinal costae, transverse costae absent. Only males winged (Figs. 2 – 11), females completely larviform (Figs. 12 – 24).	en	Masek, Michal, Ivie, Michael A., Palata, Vaclav, Bocak, Ladislav (2014): Molecular phylogeny and classification of Lyropaeini (Coleoptera: Lycidae) with description of larvae and new species of Lyropaeus. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 136-145, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5353564
C701A33B5F72FF98FEE6FF5AA7A904F0.taxon	description	Redescription. Male. Body 5.8 – 13.5 mm long, dorsoventrally flattened, coloration variable from testaceous to black or aposematically colored (Figs. 2 – 11). Head small, hypognathous. Vertex horizontal, with prominent anterior antennal tubercles, frons vertical; antennal cavities proximate. Clypeus concave, labrum very small, slightly wider than long; hypopharynx plate-like, with antero-lateral processes, hypopharyngeal plate only slightly longer than wide. Mandibles vestigial, partially sclerotised, inner part membranous, without teeth (Fig. 49). Maxilla reduced, with small, setose mala, maxillary palpi short; 4 - segmented (Fig. 48). Labium two-segmented, apical palpomere pointed at apex (Fig. 47). Eyes small. Antennae 10 - segmented, flat; scapus twice longer than wide, pedicel very short; antennomeres 3 – 10 parallel-sided, similar in shape, getting shorter and less flattened, apical antennomere slender. Pronotum without carinae, at most with incomplete keel anteriorly along midline; disc of pronotum with punctures at margins (Fig. 50). Prosternum triangular, with widely rounded anterior margin and slender apical processes. Elytra flat, widened in apical third, weakly sclerotised. Each elytron with four weak primary longitudinal costae; secondary costae absent. Costa 4 basally forming elevated, well marked humerus, remaining costae much weaker, all costae diminishing apically, absent in apical fifth of elytral length. Elytral interstices with irregular net-like structure. Legs slender, laterally compressed, trochanters longer than one third of femoral length, tarsomeres 1 – 4 with gradually larger pulvillae, apical tarsomere slender, claws robust at base, with basal setae. Abdomen weakly sclerotised, much shorter and narrower than elytra, slender; tergites 5 – 7 with longitudinal keel, tergite 7 emarginate in middle, terminal segments slender. Phallus trilobate, slender; phallobase v-shaped, fused with bases of paramerae, paramerae wide, with apical processes (Figs. 28 – 38) or shortened with simple apex (Figs. 39 – 46). Females. No adult female has been collected, the large bodied larvae are assumed to be females, similar to the situation in Platerodrilus described by Wong (1996).	en	Masek, Michal, Ivie, Michael A., Palata, Vaclav, Bocak, Ladislav (2014): Molecular phylogeny and classification of Lyropaeini (Coleoptera: Lycidae) with description of larvae and new species of Lyropaeus. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 136-145, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5353564
C701A33B5F72FF9FFC33FCDCA2F10573.taxon	description	(Figs. 12, 17 – 24)	en	Masek, Michal, Ivie, Michael A., Palata, Vaclav, Bocak, Ladislav (2014): Molecular phylogeny and classification of Lyropaeini (Coleoptera: Lycidae) with description of larvae and new species of Lyropaeus. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 136-145, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5353564
C701A33B5F72FF9FFC33FCDCA2F10573.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 1 female larva, late instar (MAIC). India Kerala, Pon Mudi, 770 m, 8 ° 45.592 ′ N, 77 ° 06.453 ′ E, 28 June 2006 in forest, at night.	en	Masek, Michal, Ivie, Michael A., Palata, Vaclav, Bocak, Ladislav (2014): Molecular phylogeny and classification of Lyropaeini (Coleoptera: Lycidae) with description of larvae and new species of Lyropaeus. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 136-145, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5353564
C701A33B5F72FF9FFC33FCDCA2F10573.taxon	diagnosis	Differential diagnosis. The body flat, large, trilobite-like (Figs. 12 – 16) similar to those of Platerodrilus in general appearance. Lyropaeus larvae differ from other lycid larvae by the following diagnostic characters: fossa antennalis closed, separated from mouth-parts by pleurostoma (similar only to Platerodrilus). The terminal antennal segment is unique in the whole family: the apical antennomere is divided into complex dorsal and ventral parts, each interdigitated with the opposite process and forming an ovoid with a brain-like appearance (Figs. 17 – 18). The complex, oval meso- and metathoracic spiracles are cribriform, the sieve plate with 10 openings arranged in a circle. They are situated in large depressions (Fig. 23) which are different in form from the circular abdominal spiracles (Fig. 24), which are placed in the lateral membrane with the trachea attached at the center of the cavity rather than at the dorsal margin of the spiracular plate. In Platerodrilus the thoracic and abdominal spiracles are not so different, with a single opening at margin of the cavity and a linear row of additional openings along the main tracheal trunk; the abdominal spiracles placed in sclerotised pleurites and looking much like those of the thorax (Fig. 25). Sternites simple (Fig. 21), tergites A 1 – A 8 with lateral processes at posterior margin (Fig. 22), without posterior sternal processes as in Platerodrilus (Fig. 26).	en	Masek, Michal, Ivie, Michael A., Palata, Vaclav, Bocak, Ladislav (2014): Molecular phylogeny and classification of Lyropaeini (Coleoptera: Lycidae) with description of larvae and new species of Lyropaeus. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 136-145, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5353564
C701A33B5F75FF9FFC2BFCDBA621034A.taxon	description	(Figs. 13, 14)	en	Masek, Michal, Ivie, Michael A., Palata, Vaclav, Bocak, Ladislav (2014): Molecular phylogeny and classification of Lyropaeini (Coleoptera: Lycidae) with description of larvae and new species of Lyropaeus. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 136-145, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5353564
C701A33B5F75FF9FFC2BFCDBA621034A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 1 female larva (MAIC). India Kerala, Pon Mudi, 770 m, 8 ° 45.592 ' N, 77 ° 06.453 ' E, 27 June 2006 in forest.	en	Masek, Michal, Ivie, Michael A., Palata, Vaclav, Bocak, Ladislav (2014): Molecular phylogeny and classification of Lyropaeini (Coleoptera: Lycidae) with description of larvae and new species of Lyropaeus. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 136-145, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5353564
C701A33B5F75FF9FFC2BFCDBA621034A.taxon	diagnosis	Differential diagnosis of late instar female larva (Voucher UPOL VP 0016). Body shape similar to Lyropaeus sp. A, anterior margin of prothorax smooth, dorsal midline of thorax, sterna and parts of pleurae and abdomen except dorso-lateral processes dark brown to black, head, legs, lateral parts of thorax and postero-lateral processes of abdominal terga A 1 – A 9 testaceous. Spiracular plates reaching epimeron posteriorly, abdominal sternal tubercles minute, lateral tergal processes short.	en	Masek, Michal, Ivie, Michael A., Palata, Vaclav, Bocak, Ladislav (2014): Molecular phylogeny and classification of Lyropaeini (Coleoptera: Lycidae) with description of larvae and new species of Lyropaeus. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 136-145, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5353564
C701A33B5F75FF9FFC2BFCDBA621034A.taxon	description	Measurements. BL 29 mm, PL 5.6 mm, PW 8.0 mm.	en	Masek, Michal, Ivie, Michael A., Palata, Vaclav, Bocak, Ladislav (2014): Molecular phylogeny and classification of Lyropaeini (Coleoptera: Lycidae) with description of larvae and new species of Lyropaeus. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 136-145, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5353564
C701A33B5F75FF9EFC2AFA9CA7500411.taxon	description	(Figs. 15, 16)	en	Masek, Michal, Ivie, Michael A., Palata, Vaclav, Bocak, Ladislav (2014): Molecular phylogeny and classification of Lyropaeini (Coleoptera: Lycidae) with description of larvae and new species of Lyropaeus. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 136-145, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5353564
C701A33B5F75FF9EFC2AFA9CA7500411.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 3 female larvae (MAIC, LMBC). India, Tamil Nadu, 2 km NE Kotagiri, Longwood Shola, 1970 m, 11 ° 26 ' 10.97 " N, 76 ° 52 ' 27 " E, 2 July 2006, one feeding on mushy fungus, one possibly on snail.	en	Masek, Michal, Ivie, Michael A., Palata, Vaclav, Bocak, Ladislav (2014): Molecular phylogeny and classification of Lyropaeini (Coleoptera: Lycidae) with description of larvae and new species of Lyropaeus. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 136-145, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5353564
C701A33B5F75FF9EFC2AFA9CA7500411.taxon	diagnosis	Differential diagnosis of lower instar larvae (Species C, Voucher No. UPOL VP 2312). Body shape similar to Lyropaeus sp. A, pronotum broader, 4 points on anterior margin of pronotum rounded, not acute, dark brown with symmetrical small irregular patches in thoracic terga, lateral parts of pleurae and parts of abdominal sterna, head, trochanters and femora, testaceous. Spiracular plates reach epimeron posteriorly, abdominal sternal tubercles of A 2 – A 8 minute, lateral tergal processes short.	en	Masek, Michal, Ivie, Michael A., Palata, Vaclav, Bocak, Ladislav (2014): Molecular phylogeny and classification of Lyropaeini (Coleoptera: Lycidae) with description of larvae and new species of Lyropaeus. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 136-145, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5353564
C701A33B5F75FF9EFC2AFA9CA7500411.taxon	description	Measurements. BL 16.5 mm, PL 4.1 mm, PW 6.2 mm.	en	Masek, Michal, Ivie, Michael A., Palata, Vaclav, Bocak, Ladislav (2014): Molecular phylogeny and classification of Lyropaeini (Coleoptera: Lycidae) with description of larvae and new species of Lyropaeus. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 136-145, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5353564
C701A33B5F75FF9EFC2AFA9CA7500411.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The known ‘ trilobite larvae’ known to date represent two genera: Platerodrilus (= Duliticola Mjöberg, 1925) and here redescribed Lyropaeus. Although they resemble each other in many characters, the analysis of molecular data shows that their similarity is a result of convergent evolution within Lyropaeinae. The unique spiracular sieve plate with 10 openings arranged in a circle was found only on the meso- and metathoracic segments in Lyropaeus, and they are placed in a distinct ovoid depression (Figs. 19, 23), unlike the circular spiracles of the abdomen that are small, simple, not depressed below the normal surface (Figs. 21, 24). This differs from the situation in Platerodrilus where the ovoid spiracular depression is present on both thoracic and abdominal segments (Fig. 26), and there is a linear group of openings on the sieve plate of the thoracic spiracles. Unlike Lyropaeus, in Platerodrilus a single opening is at upper margin of the cavity and the connecting trachea runs along the inner wall of sieve plate from the margin of the cavity to the opposite margin with several openings arranged in a row (Fig. 25). The origins of these large bodied larvae were ascribed to K-selection in a lineage with neotenic females (Bocak et al., 2008). Gravely (1915) described a pupa of Lyropaeus which developed from a smaller larvae. We are not able to discriminate at the moment the male larvae from early instar female larvae and we can only say that the large bodied larvae (Voucher UPOLVP 0016 – 7) must be females. We have only small-bodied specimens of the species C (Voucher UPOLVP 2312) and these could be both late instar males and early instar females. Surprisingly, no Lyropaeini larvae have been collected in Southeast Asia (Wong, 1996) and large bodied larvae are now confirmed only in the south Indian Lyropaeus.	en	Masek, Michal, Ivie, Michael A., Palata, Vaclav, Bocak, Ladislav (2014): Molecular phylogeny and classification of Lyropaeini (Coleoptera: Lycidae) with description of larvae and new species of Lyropaeus. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 136-145, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5353564
C701A33B5F74FF9DFC5BFDD9A0810730.taxon	description	(Figs. 11, 37)	en	Masek, Michal, Ivie, Michael A., Palata, Vaclav, Bocak, Ladislav (2014): Molecular phylogeny and classification of Lyropaeini (Coleoptera: Lycidae) with description of larvae and new species of Lyropaeus. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 136-145, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5353564
C701A33B5F74FF9DFC5BFDD9A0810730.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype. Male (LMBC), Nepal, Gandrung, 2,050 m, coll. Tonxli, 10 October 1980.	en	Masek, Michal, Ivie, Michael A., Palata, Vaclav, Bocak, Ladislav (2014): Molecular phylogeny and classification of Lyropaeini (Coleoptera: Lycidae) with description of larvae and new species of Lyropaeus. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 136-145, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5353564
C701A33B5F74FF9DFC5BFDD9A0810730.taxon	diagnosis	Differential diagnosis. M. nepalensis is the only Lyropaeus species known from Nepal. It has the smallest extent of the apical dark patches in elytra and very long and slender paramerae (Figs. 11, 37).	en	Masek, Michal, Ivie, Michael A., Palata, Vaclav, Bocak, Ladislav (2014): Molecular phylogeny and classification of Lyropaeini (Coleoptera: Lycidae) with description of larvae and new species of Lyropaeus. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 136-145, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5353564
C701A33B5F74FF9DFC5BFDD9A0810730.taxon	description	Description. Body medium-sized, dark brown to black, only elytra except apical eighth testaceous, apex of elytra dark brown (Fig. 11). Head small, hypognathous, including eyes slightly narrower than frontal margin of pronotum. Eyes hemispherically prominent, eye diameter 0.64 times frontal interocular distance. Antennae robust, compressed, reaching two thirds of elytral length. Head and antennae with dense, short, recumbent pubescence. Pronotum flat, 2.53 times wider than long at midline. Posterior margin of pronotum bisinuate, longitudinal keel absent. Elytra almost parallel-sided, 6.86 times longer than width at humeri; slightly widened posteriorly, widest at apical fourth. Elytral costae well developed in basal two thirds of elytral length, costae 2 and three weaker, costa 3 inconspicuous in humeral part, but apparently running till dark apical patch. Legs compressed, with dense pubescence. Male genitalia 3.3 times longer than wide in middle part, paramerae with prominent apical processes (Fig. 37). Measurements. BL 8.3 mm, PL 0.7 mm, PW 1.77 mm, HW 2.1 mm, Edist 0.48 mm, Ediam 0.31 mm.	en	Masek, Michal, Ivie, Michael A., Palata, Vaclav, Bocak, Ladislav (2014): Molecular phylogeny and classification of Lyropaeini (Coleoptera: Lycidae) with description of larvae and new species of Lyropaeus. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 136-145, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5353564
C701A33B5F74FF9DFC5BFDD9A0810730.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Nepal.	en	Masek, Michal, Ivie, Michael A., Palata, Vaclav, Bocak, Ladislav (2014): Molecular phylogeny and classification of Lyropaeini (Coleoptera: Lycidae) with description of larvae and new species of Lyropaeus. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 136-145, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5353564
C701A33B5F74FF9DFC5BFDD9A0810730.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the type locality of the holotype.	en	Masek, Michal, Ivie, Michael A., Palata, Vaclav, Bocak, Ladislav (2014): Molecular phylogeny and classification of Lyropaeini (Coleoptera: Lycidae) with description of larvae and new species of Lyropaeus. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 136-145, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5353564
C701A33B5F77FF9CFC59FEBAA1600510.taxon	description	(Figs. 10, 38)	en	Masek, Michal, Ivie, Michael A., Palata, Vaclav, Bocak, Ladislav (2014): Molecular phylogeny and classification of Lyropaeini (Coleoptera: Lycidae) with description of larvae and new species of Lyropaeus. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 136-145, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5353564
C701A33B5F77FF9CFC59FEBAA1600510.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype. Male (LMBC), India, Kerala, Cardamom Hills, Pamba env., 77 ° 05 ' E, 9 ° 25 ' N, 300 m, 15 May 1999, colls. Z. Kejval & M. Tryzna; Paratype. Male (LMBC), same data.	en	Masek, Michal, Ivie, Michael A., Palata, Vaclav, Bocak, Ladislav (2014): Molecular phylogeny and classification of Lyropaeini (Coleoptera: Lycidae) with description of larvae and new species of Lyropaeus. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 136-145, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5353564
C701A33B5F77FF9CFC59FEBAA1600510.taxon	diagnosis	Differential diagnosis. M. kejvali has the smallest body of all Indian species. It resembles L. aurantiacus in the unicolour upper side of the body, but these species differ in the shape of apical processes of paramerae (Fig. 38).	en	Masek, Michal, Ivie, Michael A., Palata, Vaclav, Bocak, Ladislav (2014): Molecular phylogeny and classification of Lyropaeini (Coleoptera: Lycidae) with description of larvae and new species of Lyropaeus. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 136-145, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5353564
C701A33B5F77FF9CFC59FEBAA1600510.taxon	description	Description. Body small. Head, thorax, elytra, and appendices testaceous, abdomen dark brown. Head small, hypognathous, including eyes slightly narrower than frontal margin of pronotum. Eyes hemispherically prominent, eye diameter 0.59 times frontal interocular distance. Antennae robust, compressed, reaching over middle of elytral length. Pronotum flat, 2.73 times wider than long at midline, widest at basal margin. Posterior margin of pronotum bisinuate. Median longitudinal keel well marked in frontal and posterior parts, interrupted in middle. Scutellum deeply emarginate at apex. Elytra almost parallel-sided, 5.71 times longer than width at humeri; humeri marked by sharp costae 4, epipleura vertical in humeral fourth of elytra, rest of elytra flat, elytra widest at apical third. Elytral costae 1 and 4 strong in basal two thirds, costa 2 weak, costa fourth inconspicuous, absent in most of elytral length. Legs compressed, with dense pubescence. Male genitalia with wide, slightly shortened paramerae and basal processes of phallobase (Fig. 38). Measurements. BL 6.9 mm, PL 0.68 mm, PW 1.41 mm, HW 2.1 mm, Edist 0.50 mm, Ediam 0.30 mm.	en	Masek, Michal, Ivie, Michael A., Palata, Vaclav, Bocak, Ladislav (2014): Molecular phylogeny and classification of Lyropaeini (Coleoptera: Lycidae) with description of larvae and new species of Lyropaeus. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 136-145, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5353564
C701A33B5F77FF9CFC59FEBAA1600510.taxon	distribution	Distribution. India: Kerala.	en	Masek, Michal, Ivie, Michael A., Palata, Vaclav, Bocak, Ladislav (2014): Molecular phylogeny and classification of Lyropaeini (Coleoptera: Lycidae) with description of larvae and new species of Lyropaeus. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 136-145, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5353564
C701A33B5F77FF9CFC59FEBAA1600510.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet is a patronym in honour of Z. Kejval, the collector of the holotype.	en	Masek, Michal, Ivie, Michael A., Palata, Vaclav, Bocak, Ladislav (2014): Molecular phylogeny and classification of Lyropaeini (Coleoptera: Lycidae) with description of larvae and new species of Lyropaeus. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 136-145, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5353564
