taxonID	type	description	language	source
C64587FFFFA6FF9EFF76A44B8060FB85.taxon	description	(Fig. 1 – 8)	en	Murcia, Andres David, Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2023): The stick insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea) from the Cloud Forest of the Chicaque Natural Park, Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2023 (20): 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10621846
C64587FFFFA6FF9EFF76A44B8060FB85.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Species with marked sexual dimorphism. Male. Body yellow and thin (Fig. 1 A – B). Head unarmed and flat vertex (Fig. 1 C); antennae reaching the VI tergite. Pronotum and metanotum smooth (Fig. 1 C), mesonotum with small lateral spines (Fig. 1 B). Abdomen smooth (Fig. 1 A). Legs ornamentations variable, from armed with small spines or unarmed (Fig. 1 B). Tergite X divided into two lobes by a midline running through it; poculum firmly tectiform with the posterior margin elongated, convex, and slightly elevated (Fig. E – G). Female. Body brown and more robust than the male (Fig. 2 A – B). Head armed with two very prominent foliose structures (Fig. 2 C), antennae reaching tergite IV (Fig. 2 A – B). Thorax with variable ornamentations, with several granules or tubercles, and spines with tubercles varying in length, the mesonotal ones larger (Fig. 2 B). Abdomen with tergites III – VIII with small posterolateral extensions. Tergite III with prominent foliose structure. Tergite IV – V with a smaller foliose structure located on the posterior margin. Tergite VII has a foliose structure larger than in tergites IV and V and less conspicuous than in tergite III (Fig. 2 A – B). Legs armed with numerous foliose structures that vary in size (Fig. 2 A – B). Subgenital plate does not project beyond the apex of the abdomen, becoming gradually narrower towards its apex, where it ends in two points and is centrally excavated (Fig. 2 E – G). Measurements (mm). ♂ / ♀ TL: 33 – 35 / 36 – 37, Pr: 2 – 2.5 / 3 – 3.2, Ms: 8 – 9 / 8 – 10, Mt: 4 – 4.2 / 4 – 4.5, Pf: 10 – 11 / 9 – 10, Mf: 8 – 8.2 / 7 – 8, Hf: 11 – 12 / 10 – 10.5, Pt: 11 – 11.2 / 10 – 10.5, Mt: 7 – 8.5 / 7.5 – 8, Ht: 11 – 12 / 11 – 12, Ant: 29 – 29.5 / 24 – 27. Eggs. Dark brown and slightly shiny, with a cream-colored region surrounding the collar and extending dorsally around the micropylar plate. Rough capsule (Fig. 3), 1.8 times longer than wide and 1.6 times longer than tall, semi-ellipsoidal in shape, dorsal surface progressively narrowing towards the posterior polar zone, ovoid operculum with numerous hairs wholly surrounded by the collar, inserted in an angle of 35 ° (Fig. 3 B – C). Micropylar plate anterior to the central region, ovoid with a prominent margin, slightly laterally compressed in the posterior region, inner part smooth (Fig. 3 A). Micropylar cup small, extending beyond the posterior margin of the micropylar plate. The midline is faint and does not reach the polar zone (Fig. 3 A).	en	Murcia, Andres David, Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2023): The stick insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea) from the Cloud Forest of the Chicaque Natural Park, Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2023 (20): 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10621846
C64587FFFFA6FF9EFF76A44B8060FB85.taxon	description	Measurements (mm). Length: 3, capsule height: 1.5, capsule width: 1.2, operculum diameter: 1. Coloration variation. Male. With variable coloration, as described below: 1. Body completely dark brown (Fig. 4 A). 2. Light green body (Fig. 4 B). 3. Ocher-colored body (Fig. 4 C). 4. Light brown with yellow legs (Fig. 5 A). 5. Light brown with small irregular green spots on the integument (Fig. 5 B). 6. Dark brown body with a longitudinal yellow dorsal line extending from the pronotum to the tergite X (Fig. 5 C). Female. 1. Brown body with spines and green leafy extensions. (Fig. 6). 2. Body with different shades of brown (Fig. 7 A – B). 3. Gray body (Fig. 7 C), some individuals may present combinations of these colors and exhibit different dorsal and longitudinal lines (Fig. 7 A, D).	en	Murcia, Andres David, Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2023): The stick insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea) from the Cloud Forest of the Chicaque Natural Park, Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2023 (20): 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10621846
C64587FFFFA6FF9EFF76A44B8060FB85.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Widely distributed, in Colombia has been recorded in the departments of Antioquia 1305 – 2269 m, Cundinamarca 1914 m, Quindío 1800 m, Risaralda (Pereira) and Caldas 1040 – 2592 m, Cauca, Risaralda, Chocó (Conle et al., 2011).	en	Murcia, Andres David, Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2023): The stick insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea) from the Cloud Forest of the Chicaque Natural Park, Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2023 (20): 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10621846
C64587FFFFA6FF9EFF76A44B8060FB85.taxon	discussion	Comments. This species has a wide distribution from the Andean region to the Chocó Biogeographic region in Colombia. As it is a wingless species with little dispersal capacity, possibly the specimens from the different localities are not the same species. Additional studies of the individuals from the different mountain ranges as well as from Chocó are required to be able to delimit their taxonomic entities. A couple was seen copulating, and the male had the phallic complex completely exposed (Fig. 8). Specimens and eggs examined. 5 males and 9 females: 3 ♂ 1 ♀ 4 ° 36 ′ 31 ″ N 74 ° 18 ′ 25 ″ W. 2496 m. 14 January 2017; 2 ♂ 3 ♀. 4 ° 36 ′ 36 ″ N 74 ° 18 ′ 26 ″ W. 2409 m. 15 January 2017; 2 ♀. 4 ° 36 ′ 43 ″ N 74 ° 18 ′ 34 ″ W. 2237 m. 28 January 2017; 3 ♀. 4 ° 36 ′ 29 ″ N 74 ° 18 ′ 34 ″ W. 2367 m. 12 September 2020. 15 eggs examined. (CAUD).	en	Murcia, Andres David, Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2023): The stick insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea) from the Cloud Forest of the Chicaque Natural Park, Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2023 (20): 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10621846
C64587FFFFA8FF85FF76A32D8566FE0A.taxon	description	(Fig. 9 – 12)	en	Murcia, Andres David, Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2023): The stick insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea) from the Cloud Forest of the Chicaque Natural Park, Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2023 (20): 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10621846
C64587FFFFA8FF85FF76A32D8566FE0A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body medium-sized (50 – 57 mm.), in shades of brown, males slim and slender, females robust. Head longer than wide, flat in males or with two prominent irregular tubercles in females; medium-length filamentous antennae. Thorax smooth in males or rough and slightly granular in females. All femora transversely trapezoidal with smooth ventromedial carina, smooth or with small lobes; profemur strongly compressed basally; tibiae without area apicalis. Abdomen smooth or with tiny granules and small foliose structures on tergite VII in females. Poculum large and strongly convex with posterior margin lanceolate and flexed, extending from the middle of the anal segment. Subgenital plate three times wider than long and progressively constricted towards apex, convexly elevated, and carinate on the posterior section. Apex with two points and centrally excavated. Cerci short, flattened dorsoventrally, and curved in males.	en	Murcia, Andres David, Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2023): The stick insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea) from the Cloud Forest of the Chicaque Natural Park, Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2023 (20): 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10621846
C64587FFFFA8FF85FF76A32D8566FE0A.taxon	description	Description. Male. Dull brown body coloration. Body smooth, without tubercles or granules (Fig. 9 A – B, 12). Head. Smooth and unarmed, distinctively longer than wide, with flattened vertex; eyes spherical and prominent (Fig. 9 C – D). Antennae reaching the tergite VII (Fig. 9 A – B); scape wide and rectangular in dorsal view, flattened dorsoventrally; pedicel semi-cylindrical, transversely shorter than scape; third antennomere twice as long as the scape, the other 35 antennal segments variable in length. Thorax. Pronotum smooth, rectangular, longer than wide, but shorter than head, with a transverse suture in the middle (Fig. 9 C – D). Mesonotum elongated, approximately six times longer than pronotum (Fig. 9 A – B). Metanotum is as long as half of the length of the mesonotum (Fig. 9 B). Prosternum compressed anteriorly by the prothoracic coxae. Mesosternum smooth, elongated, with parallel sides. Metasternum half the length the mesosternum, dilating progressively towards the posterior section; metafurcal groove Y-shaped, near the posterior margin. Legs. Pro and metathoracic legs equal in length but longer than mesothoracic legs. All femora transversely trapezoidal, with smooth ventromedial carina, profemora strongly compressed basally. All tibiae with four prominent borders and without area apicalis. Pro- and mesotibiae longer than pro- and mesofemur, metatibia as long as metafemora. Basitarsi elongated as long as the rest of the tarsi combined. Abdomen. Segments smooth. Median segment as long as half of the second tergite, wider than long, anterior margin convex. Tergites II – VII longer than wide; tergites VIII-X with a longitudinal carina; tergite VIII wider than long, widening from anterior margin to posterior one; tergite IX longer than wide, compressing on posterior margin; tergite X wider than the rest of the tergites, divided into two lobes by a smooth carina that crosses it from anterior to the posterior margin, posterior margin is concave with emarginated apex. Sternites I-VI approximately equal in length, with two small closely spaced granules near the posterior margin; sternite VII wider than long, posterior margin convex and abruptly raised, sternite VIII twice as wide as long, traversed from the anterior to posterior margins by a carina and completely elevated above the other tergites. Poculum large and strongly cupuliform, posterior margin lanceolate and flexed, extending to the middle of the anal segment, cerci robust and curved (Fig. 9 E – G). Redescription of the female. Body dark brown, smoothly wrinkled, as long as male but more robust (Fig. 10 A – B). Head longer than wide, with two very prominent irregularly shaped tubercles near the posterior portion of the head; genae granulated, vertex with small spines; eyes spherical (Fig. 10 C – D). Antennae reach the median segment (Fig. 10 – A); scape wide, compressed dorsoventrally; pedicel cylindrical in cross-section, and shorter than scape; the others flagellomeres variable in length. Thorax. Rough and slightly granular. Pronotum longer than wide, in dorsal view as wide as head but slightly shorter (Fig. 10 – D). Mesonotum elongate, 4.5 times longer than pronotum, widening near posterior margin (Fig. 10 – B). Metanotum gradually widened from its anterior to posterior margin, as long as half the length of mesonotum (Fig. 10 – B). Prosternum as wide as long, compressed anteriorly by the prothoracic coxae. Mesosternum granular, 4.5 times longer than prosternum, with invaginated mesofurcal groove near posterior margin. Metasternum widened from anterior to posterior margin, with small tubercles and invaginated metafurcal groove near posterior margin. Legs. Long, shape and proportions similar to those in males; mesofemur ventrally smooth, dorsally slightly toothed and basally provided with a pair of lobes on its margins; metafemur dorsally toothed. Pro- and mesotibiae with small spines on their dorsal margins and smooth ventrally, metatibia with a dorsal tooth near its basal area, all tibiae similar in length. Pro and mesobasitarsi as long as the next three tarsomeres combined, metabasitarsus similar in length to following four tarsomeres combined. Abdomen. Robust in dorsal view and grainy textured. The median segment about half as long as tergite II, 2.5 times as wide as long. Tergites II-VII wider than long; tergite VII with a slight foliose prolongation; tergite VIII longer than wide, tapering towards the posterior margin; tergite IX wider than long, with half the length of tergite VIII, narrower and more compressed on posterior margin; tergite X in dorsal view completely covering the subgenital plate, as long as tergite IX but about half as wide, divided by a median suture running through it from anterior to posterior margin, the posterior margin is emarginated in a triangle shape. Cerci reduced, shorter than anal segment, slightly compressed dorsoventrally. All sternites granular, sternites II – VII wider than long; subgenital plate elongated, three times longer than wide, progressively constricting towards the apex and rising convexly from the tergite VIII – IX, posterior portion longitudinally carinate, apex ending in two points centrally excavated (Fig. 10 E – G). Measurements (mm). ♂ / ♀ TL: 50.2 – 50.4 / 55 – 57, Pr: 2.5 – 3 / 3.5 – 3.8, Ms: 14 – 15 / 14 – 16, Mt: 9 – 9.2 / 6 – 6.5, MSeg: 1.5 – 2 / 2 – 2.2, Pf: 16 – 17 / 14 – 15, Mf: 11 – 12 / 10 – 11, Hf: 14 – 16 / 15 – 17, Pt: 17 – 20 / 17 – 18, Mt: 11 – 13 / 12 – 12.5, Ht: 15 – 17 / 16 – 17, Ant: 38 – 45 / 30 – 31. Eggs. Dark brown and slightly shiny, with a light-colored region surrounding the collar, extending on the dorsal part around the micropylar plate, near the posterior polar zone (Fig. 11). Capsule moderately rough, 1.5 times longer than wide and oval (Fig. 11 B); dorsal surface progressively narrowing towards the polar zone, ovoid operculum with numerous hairs wholly surrounded by the collar, inserted at an angle of 22 ° (Fig. 11 A – C). Micropylar plate on the central region of the dorsal capsule, elongated with conspicuous margin, slightly compressed laterally, inner part slightly rough. Micropylar cup small, extending beyond the posterior margin of the micropylar plate. A prominent midline is reaching the polar zone (Fig. 11 A). Measurements (mm). Length: 2.8, capsule height: 1.9, capsule width: 1.6, operculum diameter: 1.2. Specimens and eggs examined. 7 males and 4 females: 2 ♂ and 2 ♀ 4 ° 36 ′ 25 ″ N 74 ° 18 ′ 38 ″ W. 2301 m. 22 May 2021. 3 ♂ 2 ♀ 4 ° 36 ′ 22 ″ N 74 ° 18 ′ 30 ″ W. 2404 m. 5 June 2021. 2 ♂ 4 ° 36 ′ 43 ″ N 74 ° 18 ′ 31 ″ W. 2284 m. 21 January 2017. 7 eggs examined. (CAUD).	en	Murcia, Andres David, Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2023): The stick insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea) from the Cloud Forest of the Chicaque Natural Park, Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2023 (20): 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10621846
C64587FFFFA8FF85FF76A32D8566FE0A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Only known from its type locality, Bogotá, Colombia.	en	Murcia, Andres David, Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2023): The stick insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea) from the Cloud Forest of the Chicaque Natural Park, Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2023 (20): 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10621846
C64587FFFFA8FF85FF76A32D8566FE0A.taxon	discussion	Comments. A redescription of the female of L. inchoata is provided, comparing with the collected females, which fit the morphological characteristics of the lectotype female, differing in the shape of the leafy projection of the abdomen, which are more developed in the II – III tergites, these are inconspicuous in the female specimens examined here, this character has a variable development, especially in the Libethra species, and may be poorly developed, in an intermediate state, or conspicuous (Gutiérrez-Valencia et al. 2017). The prolongation of the tergite VII is similar both in the lectotype and in the females studied here. The description of the unknown male and the unknown eggs are also provided. The association of the two sexes of this species was clarified, because the specimens were usually collected in copulation; morphologically both species differ as mentioned in the descriptions and redescriptions. Additionally, the species were not found together, but rather each species was in a different area and path of the park. Tribe Diapheromerini Kirby, 1904 Comments. Ramandeun Murcia and Cadena-Castañeda, new genus, is included in the tribe Diapheromerini because it shares the following characters with the other members of the tribe: 1) tibia without area apicalis, 2) abdomen at least as long as or longer than the thorax, 3) femora trapezoidal, in section transverse, 4) profemur not serrated, meso and metafemora not evenly serrated ventrally, 5) antennae distinctly longer than the profemur 6) rarely winged, new genus wingless, 7) anal segment of male not divided or bilobed, 8) eggs without capitulum (Zompro 2001).	en	Murcia, Andres David, Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2023): The stick insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea) from the Cloud Forest of the Chicaque Natural Park, Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2023 (20): 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10621846
C64587FFFFB3FF85FF76A6B28760FB23.taxon	description	Description. Body large and thin; general coloration of the body yellow. Head longer than wide, wider towards the eyes and narrower at its posterior margin; vertex elevated and may have small tubercles or spines; eyes large and spherical; scape and pedicel unarmed, scape elongated 1.5 times longer than pedicel and ventrally compressed, antennae not exceeding the tergite III. Pronotum rectangular 1.5 times longer than wide; mesonotum elongated, seven times longer than pronotum; metanotum smooth, as long as half-length of mesonotum. All femora slightly trapezoidal with setouse edges and compressed basally. Abdomen smooth, longer than head and thorax combined, median segment indistinguishable from metanotum; all tergites longer than wide. Poculum as long as sternite VIII, slightly convex. Subgenital plate lanceolate, projects beyond the apex of the abdomen, three times the length of the anal segment. Cerci very small, dorsoventrally compressed, and slightly curved, hidden in dorsal view by the anal segment.	en	Murcia, Andres David, Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2023): The stick insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea) from the Cloud Forest of the Chicaque Natural Park, Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2023 (20): 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10621846
C64587FFFFB3FF85FF76A6B28760FB23.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Ramandeun coronatum new species by original designation and monotypy.	en	Murcia, Andres David, Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2023): The stick insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea) from the Cloud Forest of the Chicaque Natural Park, Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2023 (20): 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10621846
C64587FFFFB3FF85FF76A6B28760FB23.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name is the combination of the Latin words ramus (branch) and Andean (Andean). The name of this genus means “ Andean branch ”, adding the ending un. The gender of the name is being established as neuter. Comparison. The new genus differs from other Diapheromerini such as the Andean genera Andeocalynda Henneman and Conle, 2020 and Clonistria Stål, 1875 in having an indistinguishable median segment in both sexes; absence of a preopercular organ in the sternite VII of females (Fig. 16 F). Both sexes’ heads armed with small tubercles or spines; with large, spherical eyes, small and almost rounded in the genera mentioned above. Males also differ in having a poculum as long as the sternite VIII, is slightly convex and not bulging as in Andeocalynda. However, it shares with Andeocalynda the lanceolate subgenital plate projected beyond the last tergite. This character is helpful to differentiate from Paracalynda Zompro, 2001 easily, which has the subgenital plate short and does not project beyond the abdominal segment IX.	en	Murcia, Andres David, Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2023): The stick insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea) from the Cloud Forest of the Chicaque Natural Park, Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2023 (20): 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10621846
C64587FFFFB3FF80FF76A24B875CF91D.taxon	description	(Fig. 13 – 17)	en	Murcia, Andres David, Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2023): The stick insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea) from the Cloud Forest of the Chicaque Natural Park, Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2023 (20): 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10621846
C64587FFFFB3FF80FF76A24B875CF91D.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. ♂. Colombia, Cundinamarca, San Antonio de Tequendama, Chicaque Natural Park. 4 ° 36 ′ 59 ″ N, 74 ° 18 ′ 46 ″ W. 2216 m. 23 May 2021 (CAUD). Paratype. ♀. Same data as holotype (CAUD).	en	Murcia, Andres David, Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2023): The stick insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea) from the Cloud Forest of the Chicaque Natural Park, Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2023 (20): 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10621846
C64587FFFFB3FF80FF76A24B875CF91D.taxon	description	Description. Male. General coloration of the body pale yellow, surface completely smooth without tubercles or granules (Fig. 13 A – B). Head. Longer than wide, slightly broader towards the eyes and narrowing near the posterior margin, vertex slightly elevated with two tiny parallel tubercles slightly protruding from the anterior region (Fig. 14 A – B); eyes conspicuous, spherical, and prominent; antennae reaching the posterior margin of tergite III (Fig. 13 A – B); scape elongated, 1.5 times longer than pedicel, dorsoventrally compressed and rectangular in dorsal view; pedicel round in cross-section; third antennomere narrower than the pedicel, the other 60 flagellomeres variables in length. Thorax. Pronotum slightly longer than the head, rectangular, 1.5 times longer than wide, with a longitudinal midline extending from anterior to posterior margin and with a transverse suture running through it, anterior margin concave and posterior convex and narrow (Fig. 14 A – B). Mesonotum elongate, cylindrical, thinner than the pronotum, and approximately seven times longer (Fig. 13 B). Metanotum as long as half the length of the mesonotum (Fig. 13 B). Legs. Long, pro- and metathoracic legs equal in length, slightly longer than mesothoracic legs, all femora slightly trapezoidal, profemora compressed basally. All tibiae without area apicalis, with four prominent edges similar in size. Probasitarsus and metabasitarsus longer than the other tarsomeres combined, mesobasitarsus as long as the other tarsomeres combined. Abdomen. Median segment indistinguishable from metanotum. Tergites II – VI elongated and 3.5 times longer than wide, tergite VII slightly shorter than tergite VI; tergite VIII narrower and shorter than tergite VII; tergite IX parallel-sided, shorter than tergite VIII; tergite X distinctly shorter than tergite IX, posterior margin slightly convex and elevated. Cerci shorter than tergite X, slightly curved, compressed towards its apex. Sternites II-VI with parallel sides and equal in length, sternites VII slightly shorter than sternite VI and elevated near the posterior margin, sternite VIII slightly shorter than sternite VII and elevated from its anterior to posterior margin; poculum as long as the sternite VIII, slightly convex (Fig. 14 C – E). Female. Similar to male. Body yellow, irregularly covered with small black spots; distinctly longer than male and slightly more robust with slightly granular thorax (Fig. 15 A – B). Head. As in male. Vertex with a crown of spines crossing transversely just behind the eyes, the two central spines very conspicuous and the lateral ones less prominent (Fig. 16 A – B). Thorax. Slightly granulose. Mesonotum very elongated, about 7.5 longer than the pronotum. Legs. Mesofemur with a small latero-ventral spine on its anterior part. Abdomen. Tergite X slightly elevated, as long as tergite IX, traversed by a longitudinal carina from its anterior to posterior margin, its posterior margin is abruptly depressed in the middle. Sternite VII flat. Subgenital plate lanceolate, laterally compressed, narrowing towards the apex, very elongated, projecting beyond the apex of the abdomen, three times longer than the anal segment. Cerci very small, dorsoventrally compressed, slightly curved, and hidden in dorsal view by the anal segment (Fig. 16 C – E). Eggs. Unknown.	en	Murcia, Andres David, Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2023): The stick insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea) from the Cloud Forest of the Chicaque Natural Park, Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2023 (20): 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10621846
C64587FFFFB3FF80FF76A24B875CF91D.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name refers to the characteristic crown of thorns that crosses the vertex of the female.	en	Murcia, Andres David, Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2023): The stick insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea) from the Cloud Forest of the Chicaque Natural Park, Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2023 (20): 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10621846
C64587FFFFB3FF80FF76A24B875CF91D.taxon	description	Measurements (mm). ♂ / ♀ TL: 90 / 115, Pr: 3 / 4, Ms: 24 / 29, Mt: 13 / 15, Pf: 23 / 30, Mf: 20 / 26, Hf: 26 / 39, Pt: 27 / 36, Mt: 22 / 28, Ht: 29 / 39, Ant: 55 / 70.	en	Murcia, Andres David, Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2023): The stick insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea) from the Cloud Forest of the Chicaque Natural Park, Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2023 (20): 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10621846
C64587FFFFB3FF80FF76A24B875CF91D.taxon	discussion	Comments. A live female with a green coloration was observed in the field, and the crown of thorns that cross the vertex transversely just behind the eyes can be seen (Fig. 17 A – B). Both type specimens were collected in copulation. Family Pseudophasmatidae Rehn, 1904 Subfamily Pseudophasmatinae Rehn, 1904 Tribe Anisomorphini Redtenbacher, 1906 Genus Atratomorpha Conle and Hennemann, 2002	en	Murcia, Andres David, Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2023): The stick insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea) from the Cloud Forest of the Chicaque Natural Park, Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2023 (20): 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10621846
C64587FFFFB6FF8FFF76A1A5811BF982.taxon	description	(Fig. 18 – 22)	en	Murcia, Andres David, Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2023): The stick insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea) from the Cloud Forest of the Chicaque Natural Park, Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2023 (20): 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10621846
C64587FFFFB6FF8FFF76A1A5811BF982.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. ♂. Colombia, Cundinamarca, San Antonio de Tequendama, Chicaque Natural Park. 4 ° 36 ′ 29 ″ N 74 ° 18 ′ 21 ″ W. 2538 m. 7 March 2014 (CAUD). Paratypes. 2 ♀. Same data as holotype. ♂. 4 ° 37 ′ 05 ″ N 74 ° 18 ′ 43 ″ W. 2229 m. 26 September 2020. 2 ♂ 4 ° 36 ′ 32 ″ N 74 ° 18 ′ 26 ″ W 2469 m. 26 June 2013. 2 ♂ y 1 ♀ 4 ° 37 ′ 11 ″ N 74 ° 18 ′ 46 ″ W 2247 m. 26 June 2013 (CAUD).	en	Murcia, Andres David, Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2023): The stick insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea) from the Cloud Forest of the Chicaque Natural Park, Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2023 (20): 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10621846
C64587FFFFB6FF8FFF76A1A5811BF982.taxon	description	Description. Male. Body robust, general coloration dull black, antennomeres apically white, and tarsi brown (Fig. 18 A – B.) Head. As long as wide, similar in length to the pronotum and with ocellar rudiments, vertex flattened and without spines; eyes rounded and mid-sized; antennal scape rectangular in dorsal view, slightly compressed dorsoventrally, pedicel as long as the scape and round in cross-section, third antennomere as long as the scape and pedicel together (Fig. 18 C – D), the others 35 antennomeres progressively increasing in length, antennae slightly surpassing the abdomen (Fig. 18 A – B). Thorax. Pronotum indistinctly longer than wide, with large rounded anterolateral angles for defensive glands, pronotal disc with a longitudinal furrow extending from anterior margin to near posterior region of pronotum (Fig. 18 C – D). Mesonotum about 1.2 times longer than pronotum, progressively widened from its anterior to posterior margin, with a pair of dorsolateral spines located on the anterior part and a pair of posterior dorsal spines near the middle of the mesonotum, the lateral margins with a longitudinal row of spines varying in size; a conspicuous small spine protrudes from its posterior margin (Fig. 18 A – D). Metanotum half as long as of mesonotum, posterior margin very smooth almost indistinguishable from the median segment. Prosternum half as long as mesosternum, with distinctly convex posterior margin. Mesosternum with conspicuously invaginated mesofurcal groove. Metasternum one-third of the length of mesosternum with conspicuously invaginated metafurcal groove. Legs. Long, smooth and unarmed, femur rectangular, with four setous edges, slightly widened apically. Profemur longer than head, pro-, and mesonotum combined. Mesofemur slightly curved. Metafemur reaching the posterior margin of tergite VII; tibiae smooth and unarmed, area apicalis present, pro- and metatibiae distinctly longer than second ones. Basitarsi at least as long as the sum of the II – III tarsomeres, the rest of the tarsomeres progressively reducing their length. Abdomen. Distinctly thinner than thorax, longer than head and thorax combined. Abdominal segments II – VII with small posterolateral projections and segments II – VI with a small spine on its posterior margin. Median segment inconspicuous as long as metanotum; tergite II and III as long as wide; tergite IV – VI progressively elongated, slightly longer than wide; tergite VII as long as wide but shorter than previous tergites; tergite VIII broader than long; tergite IX longer than tergite VIII and slightly wider than long, slightly raised above midpoint; tergite X twice as wide as long but narrower than other tergites, lateral margins parallel, posterior margin prominent with a small extension in the central area and a small notch. Cerci setose, as long as tergite X, round transversely, curved and thicker near their base. Abdominal sternites smooth but slightly raised on their posterior margin; sternites II – III as long as wide; sternites IV – VI slightly longer than wide; sternites VII wider than long; sternites VIII twice as wide as long with posterior margin slightly convex, poculum, prominent raised, and cup-shaped (Fig. 18 E – G). Female. Body robust (Fig. 19 A – B). Head. As in male (Fig. 19 C – D). Pronotum. Quadrangular with slightly compressed lateral margins; mesonotum longer than pronotum with straight lateral margins (Fig. 19 A – B). Abdomen. As wide as thorax, narrowing posteriorly. Tergites II – VI wider than long; tergite VII narrower than tergite VI; tergite VIII slightly shorter than tergite VII; tergite IX with posterior margin abruptly raised medially, tergite X cupuliform, slightly keeled longitudinally, wider towards its anterior margin, posterior margin tapering slightly towards its apex. Cerci slightly shorter than tergite X. Abdominal sternites similar to those of male but uniformly smooth, sternites II – III wider than long; posterior margin of sternite VII narrow at its apex; subgenital plate elongated, with fine hairs, and a convex and rounded posterior margin (Fig. 19 E – G). Measurements (mm). ♂ / ♀ TL: 26 – 35 / 37 – 40, Pr: 2 – 4 / 3 – 4, Ms: 4 – 6 / 5 – 6, Mt: 2.5 – 5 / 3 – 5, MSeg: 1 – 2 / 2 – 3, Pf: 11 – 11.5 / 13 – 12, Mf: 8 – 11 / 10 – 10.5, Hf: 11 – 13 / 13 – 14, Pt: 11 – 13 / 14 – 15, Mt: 9 – 10 / 10 – 11, Ht: 13 – 14 / 16 – 16.5, Ant: 24 – 36 / 39 – 43. Eggs. Capsule rough, bright light brown (Fig. 20). Rectangular in shape with posterior pole rounded dorsally (Fig. 20 A), capsule 1.3 times longer than wide and 1.2 times longer than tall, dorsal surface straight and narrowed abruptly over polar area (Fig. 20 B), ventral surface almost straight narrowing over the polar area, operculum ovoid and flat with a small central cone (Fig. 20 C). Micropylar plate ellipse-shaped, located in the central part of the egg, with raised inner part and, wide margins. Micropylar cup over posterior end of micropylar plate (Fig. 20 A). 7 eggs examined. Measurements (mm). Length 3, capsule height 2.4, capsule width 2, operculum diameter 1.2.	en	Murcia, Andres David, Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2023): The stick insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea) from the Cloud Forest of the Chicaque Natural Park, Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2023 (20): 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10621846
C64587FFFFB6FF8FFF76A1A5811BF982.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is dedicated to the father of the first author, Jorge Murcia Romero, thanking him for his invaluable support and recognizing his impetus for persistence in the face of adversity. Comparison. This new species is included within Atratomorpha, due to its matte black coloration, apterism, antennae slender and longer than the body, legs elongated and slender, profemur at least equal in length to the combination of the pro- and mesothorax. This new species is very similar to Atratomorpha atrata (Hebard, 1919), but differs in the shape of the scape being rectangular, not as square, the pronotum smooth and without granules. Female with the posterior margin of the tergite IX abruptly elevated medially, the tergite X is cupuliform; subgenital plate is elongated with a distinctly rounded margin and is not conical in shape as described for A. atrata. The tergite X of the male of A. jorgei new species has a prominent posterior margin and a small prolongation in the central area; very different from that seen in A. atrata which is distinctively rounded, smooth, and not prominent. The cerci in both sexes are setose but differ in being curved and thicker near their base in the new species. It also differs from Atratomorpha coriacea (Redtenbacher 1906), which has bright yellow eyes in the dorsal half and black in the ventral half, but in Atratomorpha jorgei new species the eyes are entirely black; also, the surface of the body of A. coriacea is densely grained.	en	Murcia, Andres David, Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2023): The stick insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea) from the Cloud Forest of the Chicaque Natural Park, Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2023 (20): 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10621846
C64587FFFFB6FF8FFF76A1A5811BF982.taxon	discussion	Comments. Sometimes the males with Acari (Mesostigmata) ectoparasites on their antennae, were observed (Fig. 21 A). Several individuals were seen perched or moving on ferns (Fig. 21 B). Eventually, copulating individuals were found, and sexual dimorphism in this species can be noticed, with the females being distinctively more robust and slightly longer than the males (Fig. 22 A). When handled and feeling threatened, they frequently release a white spray from their prothoracic glands that are fired from a distance, irritating the mucous membranes and leaving the insect’s body covered with this liquid, giving a milky appearance on the integument (Fig. 22 B). The specimens examined are very similar and show no apparent intraspecific variation (Fig. 22 C). However, the specimens found in the lower zone of the park at 2229 m have a larger body size, being noticeably more robust and longer than the individuals found in the upper zone of the park above 2530 m, showing an evident reduction in body size in the higher areas of the park. Tribe Pseudophasmatini Kirby, 1904 Comments. Nubilophasma Murcia and Cadena-Castañeda, new genus, is included in Pseudophasmatini, due to the following characters: 1) body opaque, not shiny; 2) head clearly longer than wide; 3) ocelli present in at least one of the sexes; 4) mesonotum with a distinctive midline dorsally; 5) profemur longer than head prothorax and mesothorax combined, strongly curved and compressed basally (Zompro 2005). 6) Tegmina with projecting anterolateral borders and wings that do not project beyond the tip of the abdomen (Zompro 2004).	en	Murcia, Andres David, Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2023): The stick insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea) from the Cloud Forest of the Chicaque Natural Park, Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2023 (20): 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10621846
C64587FFFFB9FF8EFF76A12A802CF9F2.taxon	description	Description. Body light brown with yellow stripes arranged on the legs. Tegmina with green veins, costal region of wings brown with discontinuous light green or yellow stripes, a longitudinal yellow line run along the dorsal surface of head and thorax. Head slightly longer than wide, wider towards eyes, tapering towards rear, males with ocelli and females without them, eyes prominent and spherical; antennae brown with irregularly arranged yellow bands, antennomeres club-shaped; antennae longer than the total length of the body. Pronotum rectangular with raised and rounded anterolateral angles for the defensive glands, with tiny granules along its lateral margins, and armed with four spines on the anterior half of the mesonotum, two smaller anteriorly and two more conspicuous posteriorly. Tegmina short, extending to the middle of the metanotum, strongly convex with oval margins; costal margin constricted at the base, hind wings projecting to the middle of the tergite IX. Femora slightly widened apically; probasitarsus and metabasitarsus very elongated, as long as the sum of the other tarsomeres, mesobasitarsus twice as long as the second tarsomere. Abdominal segments with posterolateral projections in both sexes. Abdominal sternite V of male longer than wide with a very prominent projection that forks distally into two spines, located on its posterior margin; sternite VII with preopercular organ small and located near posterior margin. Poculum longer than wide, strongly convex with pronounced ventral prolongation, 2.5 times longer than sternite VIII, anterior margin convex, posterior margin extending to anterior margin of the anal segment. Cerci curved, as long as tergite X with numerous setae, and round and widened distally. Subgenital plate elongate, 2.5 times longer than wide, extending near the apex of tergite X, slightly convex with oval posterior margin.	en	Murcia, Andres David, Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2023): The stick insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea) from the Cloud Forest of the Chicaque Natural Park, Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2023 (20): 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10621846
C64587FFFFB9FF8EFF76A12A802CF9F2.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Nubilophasma chicaquensis new species by original designation and monotypy.	en	Murcia, Andres David, Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2023): The stick insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea) from the Cloud Forest of the Chicaque Natural Park, Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2023 (20): 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10621846
C64587FFFFB9FF8EFF76A12A802CF9F2.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name is the combination of the Latin words nubilo (referring to cloud forest habitat “ From the cloud aggregations ”) and the typical termination for phasmid genera phasma. The name means “ stick insect from the cloud ”. The gender of the name is being established as feminine. Comparison. The genus Ignacia Rehn, 1904 (sensu Zompro, 2004), shares the club-shaped antennomeres; mesonotum with spines; femora wide apically, and abdomen with lateral expansions. In contrast, the new genus has the mesonotum distinctly longer than the pronotum. The wings do not exceed the tergite IX; tegmina do not have the prominent shoulder-shaped prolongation on the anterior border, as described by Zompro (2004), common to Ignacia species. Additionally, the abdominal expansions are most conspicuous in Nubilophasma new genus; the base of fore-femur is almost straight and not curved as seen to Ignacia.	en	Murcia, Andres David, Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2023): The stick insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea) from the Cloud Forest of the Chicaque Natural Park, Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2023 (20): 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10621846
C64587FFFFB9FF8EFF76A12A802CF9F2.taxon	discussion	Comments. The type species of Ignacia Rehn, 1904 is Pseudophasma auriculatum Bolívar [Y Urrutia] (= Ignacia auriculata), inherited from replaced name. Compared with the species currently included in Ignacia, the type species differs markedly from the other species of the genus. The spine-shaped prolongation of the costal edge of the tegmina is remarkable for I. auriculata, only comparable to Ignacia atrophica (Pallas, 1772), both Amazonian species. In addition, these two species do not have developed lobes on the lateral edges of the abdomen segments, as mentioned by Zompro (2004) and Gutiérrez and Bacca (2014), in the diagnosis of this genus. On the other hand, I. amapaensis Piza, 1978, does not have any of the diagnostic characters of Ignacia; apparently, it does not belong to that genus, its type specimen should be revised, and perhaps moved to Pseudophasma Kirby, 1896. In contrast, Nubilophasma new genus can be confused with Ignacia, but the two genera can be easily distinguished with the comparison characters provided here. The confusion is caused by the diagnosis proposed by Zompro (2004), since he based his generic description on a specimen identified by him as I. auriculata from the locality Cachabi, Ecuador (Chocó Biogeographic). Still, the type locality of I. auriculata is the Atalapo River, Ecuador or Venezuela (Amazon). Therefore, the specimen studied by Zompro (2004) is not a “ true ” Ignacia, and is most likely conspecific with I. spinipes Conle et al., 2011 (Colombia, Chocó) and Ignacia sp. (Colombia, Nariño; identified by Gutiérrez and Bacca (2014 )). Apparently, only two species should be considered valid for Ignacia (I. auriculata and I. atrophica) with a distribution restricted to the Amazon. Later studies may confirm this opinion, and if so, I. spinipes should be moved into Nubilophasma new genus, a different genus from Ignacia.	en	Murcia, Andres David, Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2023): The stick insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea) from the Cloud Forest of the Chicaque Natural Park, Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2023 (20): 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10621846
C64587FFFFB8FFB5FF76A13A86FBFCC0.taxon	description	(Fig. 23 – 27)	en	Murcia, Andres David, Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2023): The stick insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea) from the Cloud Forest of the Chicaque Natural Park, Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2023 (20): 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10621846
C64587FFFFB8FFB5FF76A13A86FBFCC0.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. ♂. Colombia, Cundinamarca, San Antonio de Tequendama, Chicaque Natural Park. 4 ° 37 ′ 02 ″ N, 74 ° 18 ′ 46 ″ W. 2.229 m. 26 September 2020 (CAUD). Paratypes. 1 ♀ 1 ♂. Same data as holotype.	en	Murcia, Andres David, Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2023): The stick insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea) from the Cloud Forest of the Chicaque Natural Park, Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2023 (20): 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10621846
C64587FFFFB8FFB5FF76A13A86FBFCC0.taxon	description	Description. Male. Body light brown with yellow stripes on legs (Fig. 23 A – B). Tegmina with green veins, costal region of the wings brown with delicate pale brown veins, and discontinuous light green stripes (Fig. 23 B). A longitudinal yellow line runs along the dorsal surface of the head and thorax. Head with yellow postocular lines extending to lateral edges of the pronotal disc; dark brown antennae with irregularly arranged yellow bands; brown eyes with broken green lines through; all legs brown with yellow transverse bands. Body generally smooth, except mesonotum, with conspicuous tubercles. Head. Slightly longer than wide, wider towards eyes tapering towards the rear, with ocelli present and, very large and prominent spherical eyes (Fig. 23 C – D); antennae very long, surpassing the last abdominal segment (Fig. 23 A – B), scape rectangular in dorsal view with a medial groove running longitudinally, slightly compressed dorsoventrally; pedicel cylindrical, almost as long as scape, third antennomere round on cross-section, as long as scape and pedicel combined; other 80 antennal segments very elongate, club-shaped, and variable in length. Thorax. Pronotum rectangular with parallel sides, pronotal disc with elevated lateral margins, almost as wide as head, slightly longer; anterolateral angles raised and rounded for defensive glands (Fig. 23 C – D). Mesonotum 1.2 times longer than wide and slightly longer than the pronotum, with small granules along its lateral margins and armed with four spines on the anterior half of the mesonotum, the two anterior are smaller, and the two posteriors more conspicuous (Fig. 23 A – B). Metanotum wider than mesonotum and slightly shorter, with parallel sides, with a convex posterior margin, covered by the tegmina. Tegmina short, extending to mid-metanotum, strongly convex, with oval margins; costal margin constricted at base; hind wings projecting to middle of tergite IX (Fig. 23 A – B). Prosternum longer than wide. Mesosternum smooth and elongated with parallel sides, distinctly longer than prosternum. Metasternum smooth and moderately longer than mesosternum, anterior margin narrower becoming progressively wider near its posterior margin; metafurcal groove greatly invaginated. Legs. Long, pro- and metathoracic legs equal in length but more prolonged than mesothoracic legs; femora slightly flared apically. Profemur with four edges and somewhat curved basally. Mesothoracic legs with four edges nearly rectangular in cross-section. Metafemur with four edges, long and reaching near the posterior margin of the sixth abdominal segment. Tibiae with area apicalis present; pro- and metatibiae distinctly longer than the second one, metatibiae longer than previous two. Probasitarsus and metabasitarsus very elongated, as long as the sum of the other tarsomeres; mesobasitarsus twice as long as the second tarsomere. Abdomen. Cylindrical, median segment slightly wider than long, half as long as the second tergite. Segments II – VIII smooth, with small posterolateral projections; tergite II longer than wide; tergite III longer than wide, widened from anterior to posterior margin; tergites IV – V narrower than the other tergites, more elongated and with parallel sides; tergite VI as long as V but widening on its posterior margin, tergite VII slightly longer than wide and shorter than tergite VI; tergite VIII quadrangular; tergite IX slightly elevated with anterior margin wider than posterior margin; tergite X wider than long and shorter than the rest of the tergites, half as long as tergite IX, anterior margin straight, lateral margins abruptly compressed on its posterior half, posterior margin concave and smoothly emarginate on its apex. Sternites II – IV smooth and distinctively longer than wide and progressively increasing in length; sternite V longer than wide, with a very prominent projection that forks distally into two spines located on its posterior margin; sternite VI equal in size to V; sternite VII a quarter shorter in length than sternite VI but wider; sternite VIII shorter than the other sternites, wider than long, with anterior margin straight, and its posterior margin concave; poculum strongly convex with prominent ventral prolongation, 2.5 times longer than sternite VIII, longer than wide, anterior margin convex, posterior margin extending to anterior margin of anal segment. Cerci curved, as long as tergite X with numerous setae, round and flared distally, cerci slightly exposed in dorsal view (Fig. 23 E – G). Female. Body coloration as the male; tegmina like those of the male but differ in the costal region of the wing, which is brown colored with discontinuous stripes yellow; body robust and longer (Fig. 24 A – B). Head. Globose and without ocelli (Fig. 24 C – D). Thorax. Mesonotum twice as long as wide and longer than pronotum (Fig. 24 B). Hind wings extending to the middle of the tergite VIII (Fig. 24 A – B). Abdomen. Segments elongate, but broader than male, tergites II – IX with distinctively large posterolateral projections. Tergites V – IX elevated with a medial carina passing through them and projecting slightly over their posterior margins; tergite IX as long as wide, posterolateral projections slightly visible dorsally; tergite X narrower than the rest of the tergites, posterior border with the moderately prolonged ends. Sternite II as long as wide; sternites III – VI smooth and longer than wide, sternite VII with a small preopercular organ located near the posterior margin. Subgenital plate elongated, 2.5 times longer than wide, extending near the apex of the tergite X, slightly convex with its posterior margin oval (Fig. 24 E – G). Measurements (mm). ♂ / ♀ TL: 43 – 44 / 50, Pr: 3 – 3 / 4, Ms: 5 – 5 / 6, Mt: 4 – 5 / 5, MSeg: 2 – 2 / 3, Pf: 16 – 16.5 / 16, Mf: 11 – 11.5 / 11, Hf: 16 – 16.3 / 18, Pt: 16 – 16.5 / 17, Mt: 10 – 11 / 11, Ht: 16 – 17 / 18, Ant: 55 – 60 / 58. Eggs. Light brown with dark spots, capsule granulated. Capsule rectangular, 1.4 times longer than wide and 1.2 times longer than tall (Fig. 25). The dorsal surface is slightly convex and tapers slightly towards the polar area, the ventral surface is slightly convex (Fig. 25 B). Operculum ovoid and flat (Fig. 25 C); micropylar plate circular on the central region of the dorsal capsule, abruptly compressed posteriorly, slightly raised on the inner part, and thin margins. The micropylar cup is located near the posterior margin of the micropylar plate (Fig. 25 A). 10 eggs examined. Measurements (mm). Length: 2.8, capsule height: 2, capsule width: 2, operculum diameter: 1.	en	Murcia, Andres David, Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2023): The stick insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea) from the Cloud Forest of the Chicaque Natural Park, Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2023 (20): 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10621846
C64587FFFFB8FFB5FF76A13A86FBFCC0.taxon	etymology	Etymology. It refers to the Chicaque Natural Park where the type series was collected.	en	Murcia, Andres David, Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2023): The stick insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea) from the Cloud Forest of the Chicaque Natural Park, Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2023 (20): 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10621846
C64587FFFFB8FFB5FF76A13A86FBFCC0.taxon	discussion	Comments. The males have slight variations in the general coloration of the tegmina and the costal region of the wings, being completely brown in some individuals (Fig. 26 A) or with discontinuous green stripes (Fig. 26 B). Female with intermittent yellow stripes on the costal region of the wings (Fig. 27 A – B). Subfamily Xerosomatinae Bradley and Galil, 1977 Tribe Xerosomatini Bradley and Galil, 1977	en	Murcia, Andres David, Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2023): The stick insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea) from the Cloud Forest of the Chicaque Natural Park, Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2023 (20): 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10621846
C64587FFFF83FFB4FF76A468879CFEDC.taxon	description	(Fig. 28)	en	Murcia, Andres David, Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2023): The stick insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea) from the Cloud Forest of the Chicaque Natural Park, Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2023 (20): 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10621846
C64587FFFF83FFB4FF76A468879CFEDC.taxon	discussion	Comments. Two immature specimens were found on moss, where they chromatically blend with the background, being almost unnoticed (Fig. 28 B); for this reason, few specimens were found. They occasionally were seen on dry leaves when they moved, becoming exposed due to their coloration and ornamentation (Fig. 28 A). These bryophytomorphic species can use mosses as biological corridors that facilitate their dispersion through the forest in mountainous ecosystems (Gutiérrez et al. 2014). Previously, the locality of the species Mirophasma cirsium was unknown; it was only recorded for Colombia (Redtenbacher, 1906). But with our results, this species possibly occurs in the center of Colombia on the eastern Andes, in Cundinamarca, municipality of San Antonio del Tequendama 2220 – 2430 m. It is necessary to collect adults to corroborate the identity of the specimens studied.	en	Murcia, Andres David, Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2023): The stick insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea) from the Cloud Forest of the Chicaque Natural Park, Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2023 (20): 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10621846
C64587FFFF83FFB4FF76A468879CFEDC.taxon	description	Measurements (mm). ♂ / ♀ TL: 19 / 19, Pr: 2.5 / 2.5, Ms: 4 / 4, Mt: 2.5 / 2.5, Pf: 4.5 / 5, Mf: 5 / 6, Hf: 6 / 7, Pt: 4 / 6, Mt: 5 / 6, Ht: 6 / 7, Ant: 7 / 3.	en	Murcia, Andres David, Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2023): The stick insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea) from the Cloud Forest of the Chicaque Natural Park, Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2023 (20): 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10621846
C64587FFFF83FFB4FF76A468879CFEDC.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Colombia, Cundinamarca, Chicaque Natural Park. Specimens examined. 1 male and 1 female, both immatures: 1 ♀ 4 ° 36 ′ 32 ″ N 74 ° 18 ′ 19 ″ W 2513 m. 28 January 2017. 1 ♂ 4 ° 37 ′ 05 ″ N 74 ° 18 ′ 47 ″ W 2230 m. 30 July 2018 (CAUD).	en	Murcia, Andres David, Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2023): The stick insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea) from the Cloud Forest of the Chicaque Natural Park, Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2023 (20): 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10621846
C64587FFFF82FFB4FF76A664865BFCC2.taxon	description	(Fig. 29)	en	Murcia, Andres David, Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2023): The stick insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea) from the Cloud Forest of the Chicaque Natural Park, Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2023 (20): 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10621846
C64587FFFF82FFB4FF76A664865BFCC2.taxon	discussion	Comments. Specimens frequently observed perched on ferns and feeding on them (Fig. 29 A – B). Additionally, a light brown female was found with discontinuous green, and white spots located on her integument, with very conspicuous spines and tubercles (Fig. 29 C), different from the specimens studied and described by Murcia et al. (2019).	en	Murcia, Andres David, Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2023): The stick insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea) from the Cloud Forest of the Chicaque Natural Park, Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2023 (20): 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10621846
C64587FFFF82FFB4FF76A664865BFCC2.taxon	description	Measurements (mm). ♂ / ♀ TL: 24 / 24, Pr: 3 / 3, Ms: 5 / 5, Mt: 2 / 2, MSeg: 1 / 0.9, Pf: 7 / 7, Mf: 5 / 6, Hf: 8 / 9, Pt: 7 / 7, Mt: 6 / 6, Ht: 10 / 10, Ant: 10 / 20.	en	Murcia, Andres David, Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2023): The stick insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea) from the Cloud Forest of the Chicaque Natural Park, Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2023 (20): 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10621846
C64587FFFF82FFB4FF76A664865BFCC2.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Previously described to the Parque Natural Chicaque, 2300 – 2530 m. Specimens and eggs examined. 1 male and 1 female, specimens different from those studied in the original description. 3 eggs: 1 ♂ 1 ♀ 4 ° 36 ′ 30 ″ N 74 ° 18 ′ 22 ″ W 2524 m. 13 September 2020 (CAUD). Tribe Prexaspini Zompro, 2004	en	Murcia, Andres David, Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2023): The stick insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea) from the Cloud Forest of the Chicaque Natural Park, Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2023 (20): 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10621846
C64587FFFF82FFB3FF76A46A860CFAB2.taxon	description	(Fig. 30 – 34)	en	Murcia, Andres David, Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2023): The stick insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea) from the Cloud Forest of the Chicaque Natural Park, Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2023 (20): 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10621846
C64587FFFF82FFB3FF76A46A860CFAB2.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. ♂. Colombia, Cundinamarca, San Antonio de Tequendama, Chicaque Natural Park. 4 ° 36 ′ 39 ″ N, 74 ° 18 ′ 34 ″ W. 2267 m. 4 October 2020 (CAUD). Paratypes. 3 ♀ Same data as holotype. 2 ♂. 4 ° 36 ′ 48 ″ N 74 ° 18 ′ 38 ″ W. 2202 m. 22 November 2012 (CAUD).	en	Murcia, Andres David, Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2023): The stick insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea) from the Cloud Forest of the Chicaque Natural Park, Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2023 (20): 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10621846
C64587FFFF82FFB3FF76A46A860CFAB2.taxon	description	Description. Male. General coloration and texture of the body brown and slightly rough (Fig. 30 A – B). Head longer than wide, rectangular in shape, with parallel sides; vertex flattened and without spines (Fig. 30 C – D); eyes small and dark with an oval outline; antennae reaching the tergite X (Fig. 30 A – B); antennal scape rectangular in dorsal view, pedicel almost as long as the scape and round transversely; flagellum with 35 segments. Thorax. Pronotum rectangular, as long and wide as the head, pronotal disc with a longitudinal median suture and a deeper transverse suture (Fig. 30 – D). Mesonotum three times longer than pronotum. Metanotum short, less than half the length of the mesonotum, with posterior margin concave (Fig. 30 – B). Prosternum short, wider than long, but compressed laterally by the coxae; mesosternum smooth and parallel-sided, about five times longer than the prosternum; metasternum smooth, and half the mesosternum. Legs. Smooth and unarmed, fore- and metathoracic legs similar in length, mesothoracic legs slightly shorter, metathoracic legs slightly surpassing the abdomen. Femora with four edges, rectangular in cross-section, smooth, without spines or lobes. Profemur compressed basally, about as long as head, pro, and mesonotum combined. Metafemur extends to the middle of the fourth tergite. Tibiae with four edges and area apicalis present. Basitarsi as long as the next two tarsi combined, the rest of the tarsomeres progressively reduced in size. Abdomen. Smooth and slightly longer than head and thorax combined, tergites elongate. Median segment visible (only in males), as long as half of the metanotum, with the anterior margin convex. Tergite II slightly wider than median segment; tergites III – VI longer than wide but gradually narrowing, tergite VII as long as tergite VI, posterior margin moderately broaden; tergite VIII as long as tergite VII, widening distinctly from anterior to posterior margin; tergite IX slightly wider than tergite VIII and quadrangular in dorsal view; tergite X distinctively narrower than tergite IX, as wide as long, with lateral margins convex, posterior margin medially excavated and slightly raised towards the apex, with a spinous area on its inner margins. Cerci projecting slightly above the abdominal apex, slender and constricted towards its apex, round in cross-section. Median segment triangular-shaped, sternites II – IV similar in length and laterally compressed, sternites V – VII gradually widening; sternite VII with a somewhat elevated preopercular organ placed towards the posterior margin with two cuticular extensions apically; sternite VIII widening towards posterior margin. Poculum twice as long as sternum IX, slightly elevated anteriorly, but strongly convex posteriorly; posterior margin reaching anterior margin of the anal segment (Fig. 30 E – G). Subgenital plate narrower than all the sternites, the posterior margin is compressed laterally and with a pointed apex reaching the anterior margin of the tergite IX. Female. Body similar to male but more robust; general coloration of the body light brown, with grains or tubercles and striations on the integument (Fig. 31 A – B). Head with small granules arranged transversely on posterior part (Fig. 31 C – D); the antennae extend to the posterior margin of the IV tergite (Fig. 31 A – B). Thorax. Pronotum slightly rough with small granules arranged parallel and longitudinal to the median suture (Fig. 31 D). Mesonotum distinctly wider than pronotum, gradually widening towards posterior margin, with two rows of conspicuous granules running longitudinally to the rear portion. Metanotum more than half the length of mesonotum, slightly wider than mesonotum and a little widened posteriorly (Fig. 31 B). The mesosternum is smooth and distinctively broadened towards its posterior margin. Legs. Profemora curved and compressed basally, longer than wide, and with four prominent edges; tarsomeres I – IV gradually decreasing in size, pretarsi elongated. Abdomen. With striations and slightly granular, enlarged abdominal tergites. Median segment not visible; abdominal tergites II – III quadrangular; tergites IV – V distinctively wider than long, shorter than tergite III; tergite VI as long as V; constricting towards its posterior margin; tergite VII elevated, narrower and shorter than tergite VI, with slightly concave anterior margin, convex and prominent posterior margin; tergite VIII thinner than the other tergites, constricted in the middle, with a smooth longitudinal carina that crosses its entire length; tergite IX shorter than VIII; tergite X is the shortest of the abdominal tergites, parallel-sided, slightly narrow towards its anterior margin, posterior margin slightly convex. Sternites II – VI with parallel sides slightly longer than wide, sternite VII shorter than sternite VI, with slightly elevated preopercular organ and placed on the posterior margin with two cuticular prolongations apically. Subgenital plate narrower than all sternites, its posterior margin is laterally compressed with a pointed apex reaching the anterior margin of tergite IX (Fig. 31 E – G). Comparison. This new species is located in Isagoras as it has external-dorsal and ventral edges of the profemur conspicuously laminated or with dorsal lobes. Meso- and metafemora with distinctive ventromedial carina, males with thin elongated mesonotum no wider than head. Within Isagoras, there are only two wingless species similar to I. franciscoverai new species: Isagoras molorchus (Westwood, 1859) and Isagoras pygmaeus (Redtenbacher, 1906). Isagoras molorchus differs from the new species in that it has a round dilation on each side of segment VI, IX and X segments keeled. Isagoras pygmaeus differs due to its fragile appearance, and in having a tectiform and carinate anal segment. Measurements (mm). ♂ / ♀ TL: 40 – 45 / 42 – 43, Pr: 2 – 3 / 2.5 – 3, Ms: 9 – 10 / 8 – 8.5, Mt: 5 – 5.2 / 5 – 5.5, MSeg: 2 – 2.2 / —, Pf: 9 – 10 / 8 – 9, Mf: 6 – 8 / 6 – 6.5, Hf: 10 – 12 / 8 – 9, Pt: 9 – 10 / 8 – 8.5, Mt: 6 – 7 / 6 – 6.5, Ht: 10 – 10.5 / 9 – 9.5, Ant: 37 – 40 / 27 – 29. Eggs. Small, brown capsule covered with prominent carinae with granular areas (Fig. 32). Oval 1.5 times longer than wide and 1.3 times longer than tall (Fig. 32 A). Dorsal surface convex (Fig. 32 B), operculum ovoid, and granulated with pseudocapitulum with margins projecting onto egg capsule (Fig. 32 C). Micropylar plate located in the central part of the egg, round and compressing towards the rear, with slightly raised inner part and prominent margin, micropylar cup large, placed on the posterior margin of the micropylar plate (Fig. 32 A). 20 eggs examined. Measurements (mm). Length 1.8, capsule height 1.5, capsule width 1.3, operculum diameter 0.6.	en	Murcia, Andres David, Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2023): The stick insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea) from the Cloud Forest of the Chicaque Natural Park, Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2023 (20): 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10621846
C64587FFFF82FFB3FF76A46A860CFAB2.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is dedicated to Francisco Javier Vera, a Colombian climate activist, in recognition of his commitment to caring for the planet and for being the inspiration for many boys and girls around the world.	en	Murcia, Andres David, Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2023): The stick insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea) from the Cloud Forest of the Chicaque Natural Park, Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2023 (20): 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10621846
C64587FFFF82FFB3FF76A46A860CFAB2.taxon	discussion	Comments. Yellow to brown specimens, with patterns of white or green spots, resemble bark (Fig. 33 A – C). The granules on the surface of its cuticle may be significantly more prominent in some individuals (Fig. 33 A – B). A couple was seen in copulation where the marked sexual dimorphism is observed, the female being distinctively more robust than the male (Fig. 34). Family Heteronemiidae Subfamily Heteronemiinae	en	Murcia, Andres David, Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2023): The stick insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea) from the Cloud Forest of the Chicaque Natural Park, Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2023 (20): 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10621846
C64587FFFF85FFBFFF76A2F68731FC1D.taxon	description	(Fig. 35 – 39)	en	Murcia, Andres David, Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2023): The stick insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea) from the Cloud Forest of the Chicaque Natural Park, Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2023 (20): 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10621846
C64587FFFF85FFBFFF76A2F68731FC1D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body opaque reddish-brown (Fig. 35 A – B, 36 A – B). Head elongated in both sexes, with four small transverse spines projecting backward on the posterior margin (Fig. 35 C – D, 36 C – D). Pronotum with two anterior and two posterior conspicuous spines (Fig. 35 C – D, 36 C – D). Mesonotum with two prominent spines near posterior margin, lateral margins with small longitudinal spines (Fig. 35 A, 36 A). Male metanotum armed with three spines, two anterior located on the middle of the metanotum and one very close to its posterior margin; female with a single spine near the rear margin of metanotum. Legs medium-sized, the metafemora do not exceed the tergite V. Tergites IV – VI armed with a dorsal spine in male; female with a dorsal spine on tergites IV – VII, posterior margin of tergite IX spiniform and elevated. Male cerci elongated and slightly compressed apically, surpassing the apex of the last tergite. Poculum indistinctly elevated, the posterior margin with sharp lateral angles and centrally emarginate. Male subgenital plate lanceolate and elongated about four times longer than wide, with the posterior margin convex. Color variation. Males 1. Reddish-brown color with basally green femurs and green tibiae (Fig. 38 A – B). 2. Light brown (Fig. 38 C). Females with shades ranging from light brown to reddish (Fig. 39 A – B).	en	Murcia, Andres David, Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2023): The stick insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea) from the Cloud Forest of the Chicaque Natural Park, Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2023 (20): 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10621846
C64587FFFF85FFBFFF76A2F68731FC1D.taxon	description	Measurements (mm). ♂ / ♀ TL: 39 – 40 / 46, Pr: 2.5 – 3 / 3.5, Ms: 9 – 10 / 11, Mt: 3.5 – 3.5 / 4, MSeg: 1 / 1, Pf: 10 – 11 / 10, Mf: 7 – 8 / 8, Hf: 11 – 11 / 10, Pt: 11 – 11.5 / 10, Mt: 7 / 7, Ht: 11 – 11.5 / 11, Ant: 20 – 23 / 17. Eggs. Pale brown, capsule irregular, strongly rough (Fig. 37). Capsule 2.3 times longer than wide and 2.5 times longer than tall (Fig. 37 C). The dorsal surface is straight and rough, rising posteriorly, progressively compressing towards the apex of the capsule (Fig. 37 A – B). Ventral surface smooth, adhesive, almost straight, and somewhat narrower towards the polar area. Small irregular ovoid operculum surrounded by a collar with multiple pointed extensions, inserted at a 45 ° angle (Fig. 37 C – D). Micropylar plate displaced anteriorly and lance-shaped, slightly raised inner part with wide and raised margins. Micropylar cup on the margin of the micropylar plate (Fig. 37 A). 6 eggs examined. Measurements (mm). Length 4, height of capsule 1.5, width of capsule 1.5, diameter of operculum 0.8.	en	Murcia, Andres David, Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2023): The stick insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea) from the Cloud Forest of the Chicaque Natural Park, Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2023 (20): 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10621846
C64587FFFF85FFBFFF76A2F68731FC1D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Only known from Colombia, in the departments of Meta, Cundinamarca, Boyacá and Nariño (Conle et al. 2011, Gutiérrez and Bacca 2014). Specimens and eggs examined. 3 males and 1 female: 2 ♂ 4 ° 37 ′ 13 ″ N 74 ° 18 ′ 47 ″ W 2557 m. 31 May 2021, 1 ♀ 4 ° 36 ′ 57 ″ N 74 ° 18 ′ 44 ″ W 2197 m. 31 May 2021 (CAUD).	en	Murcia, Andres David, Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2023): The stick insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea) from the Cloud Forest of the Chicaque Natural Park, Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2023 (20): 1-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10621846
