taxonID	type	description	language	source
C6560C5A6B29FF8FE7FEFB6AFDA0F8EE.taxon	description	(Figs. 1 – 3; 6 A, C, E, G, I, J; 9 A, B)	en	Husana, Daniel Edison M., Ng, Peter K. L. (2019): On the identity of Sundathelphusa philippina (von Martens, 1868) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae) from the Philippines, with descriptions of two new species. Zootaxa 4585 (2): 315-331, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.2.5
C6560C5A6B29FF8FE7FEFB6AFDA0F8EE.taxon	description	Potamon philippinum — De Man 1898: 37 (part); 1902: 558. Potamon (Potamon) philippinus — Rathbun 1904: 304 (part).	en	Husana, Daniel Edison M., Ng, Peter K. L. (2019): On the identity of Sundathelphusa philippina (von Martens, 1868) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae) from the Philippines, with descriptions of two new species. Zootaxa 4585 (2): 315-331, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.2.5
C6560C5A6B29FF8FE7FEFB6AFDA0F8EE.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Lectotype: ♂ (42.8 × 34.8 mm), ZMB 1055 a, Lokilokon, Samar Island, coll. F. Jagor. Paralectotypes: 4 ♂♂, 1 young ♀, ZMB 1055 b, same data as lectotype; 1 ♂ (51.4 × 42.8 mm), ZMB 1050, Calbiga, stream near Lokilokon (formerly Loquilocun) Samar Island (original label: Philippinen, Insel Samar, Calbigaufluss bei Loquilocum), coll. F. Jagor. Additional material: 2 ♀♀, NMCR 239, Sarawang, Matuginao, Samar Island, coll. G. E. Edano, 4 December 1941; 1 ♂ (44.9 × 35.9 mm), ZRC 2017.1062, Lobo Cave, Jiabong, Western Samar province, Samar Island, 11 ° 46.786 ’ N 124 ° 55.732 ’ E, coll. D. E. Husana, 1 August 2006; 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀ (35.7 × 28.7 mm, 39.9 × 31.8 mm, 47.6 × 37.9 mm), ZRC 2017.1058, Panghuyaman Cave, Daram Island, Western Samar province (west of Samar Island), coll. D. E. Husana, 7 August 2006; 5 ♂♂ (30.8 × 24.8 mm, 20.3 × 16.7 mm, 18.0 × 15.0 mm, 16.9 × 13.9 mm, 14.1 × 12.3 mm), ZRC 2016.0107, Brgy San Rafael, Hinabangan, Samar Island, coll. A. C. Diesmos; 1 male, MNHN B 28509, in cave, Samar Island, no date; 1 ♀, ZRC 2016.0109, Baybay, Leyte, coll. A. C. Diesmos, August 2002; 1 ♂ (33.8 × 31.3 mm), 1 ♀ (38.2 × 31.1 mm), ZRC 2017.1259, 1 ♀ (39.1 × 31.3 mm), NSMT-Cr 25886, Bari, Jaro, Leyte Island, coll. S. Shokita et al., 19 September 1985; 1 ♂ (19.5 × 15.8 mm), NMCR 13, Kasarugingan, Ormoc, Leyte Island, ca. 10 ° 57 ' N 124 ° 41 ' E, coll. G. Edano, March 1950; 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, NSMT, 3 ♂♂ (33.8 × 27.1 mm, 51.3 × 40.4 mm, 53.4 × 42.5 mm), 1 ♀ (51.7 × 42.2 mm), ZRC 2009.0409, Binang-kaan River, Buhi, ca. 13 ° 26 ' N 123 ° 31 ' E, Camarines Sur, Luzon Island, coll. N. Gapas, 19 August 1985; 1 young ♂ (15.3 × 13.0 mm), 1 young ♀ (20.4 × 16.9 mm), ZRC 2017.1059, Borabod stream, Buhi, ca. 13 ° 26 ' N 123 ° 31 ' E, Camarines Sur, Luzon Island, coll. N. Gapas, 19 August 1985. All locations in the Philippines.	en	Husana, Daniel Edison M., Ng, Peter K. L. (2019): On the identity of Sundathelphusa philippina (von Martens, 1868) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae) from the Philippines, with descriptions of two new species. Zootaxa 4585 (2): 315-331, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.2.5
C6560C5A6B29FF8FE7FEFB6AFDA0F8EE.taxon	description	Description. Carapace trapezoidal, widest at anterior quarter, dorsal surface convex longitudinally, dorsoventrally depressed, regions distinct (Figs. 1 A, B; 3 E; 6 A, E). Frontal region sloping anteroventrally; anterolateral regions inflated dorsolaterally, smooth to gently cristate; cervical grooves deep; H-shaped gastric groove deep; epigastric cristae distinct, edges rough, separated by distinct median furrow; postorbital cristae, sharp but low; epigastric and postorbital cristae not confluent; epibranchial teeth and postorbital cristae not confluent, separated by gaps (Fig. 1 A, B). Frontal margin broadly protruded, two lobes clearly separated with broad median concavity; external orbital tooth produced anteriorly, outer margin longer than inner margin; epibranchial tooth distinct, triangular, well separated from external orbital tooth, tapering anteriorly, surface flat, margin not curving dorsally; anterolateral margin convex, crest low, not clearly visible even when viewed laterally, not clearly demarcated from posterolateral margin; posterolateral margin straight, converging gradually towards posterior margin of carapace (Figs. 1 A, B; 6 A, C, G). Frontal median triangle complete; dorsal and lateral margins distinct, smooth; dorsal margin more produced anteriorly than lateral margins (Fig. 2 F); orbit well demarcated; supraorbital margin smooth; infraorbital margin protruded anteriorly granulated; outer edge reaching, fused with anterolateral margin; suborbital and subbranchial regions covered with scattered oblique long, short striae; pterygostomial region smooth with oblique ridges on upper outer part (Figs. 1 C; 6 E). Posterior margin of epistome with three lobes, median lobe large, subtriangular, more produced; lateral lobes wider and protruded, placed more posteriorly than median lobe (Figs. 1 C; 2 G; 6 G). Eyes well developed, occupying entire orbit (Figs. 1 A – C; 6 A, C, E, G). Ischium of third maxilliped rectangular, with distinct submedian sulcus close to mesial margin; merus quadrate, anteroexternal angle convex, anterior margin slightly concave; tip of exopod reaching midpoint of outer margin of merus, with long flagellum reaching beyond mesial margin (Fig. 1 C, E). Adult male chelipeds stout, subequal; dorsal margin of merus serrated, dorsal margin with distinct subdistal tooth; carpus with strong distal inner angle, flattened dorsoventrally, laterally fringed with proximal teeth; palm equal in length with finger; ventral margin granulated; fingers robust, cutting edges with teeth of various sizes, largest medially, smaller on distal and proximal parts (Fig. 1 F). Ambulatory legs not elongate (Figs. 1 A; 9 A, B), second leg longest; anterior margin of merus serrated, without subdistal tooth or spine, posterior margins smooth; carpus short, with longitudinal submedian ridge on dorsal and ventral surfaces of all legs except on fourth leg that lacks ventral ridge, with barely visible dorsal ridge, widened distally, outer margins indistinctly serrated; propodus with rows of spines on inner and outer margins, shorter on outer margin; dactylus with rows of spines on all margins, spines of both outer and inner margins of dactylus almost equal in length (Figs. 1 A; 9 B). Male sternopleonal cavity reaching to level of proximal quarter of coxae of chelipeds (Fig. 1 D). Adult male pleon narrow, T-shaped; somite 1 very short, proximal and distal margins sinuous; somite 2 transversely subrectangular; somites 3 – 5 narrow gradually; lateral margins of somite 3 convex, lateral margins of somites 4 and 5 slightly concave; somite 6 rectangular, longer than broad, lateral margins slightly concave; telson subtriangular, longer than broad, lateral margin concave medially, rounded distally (Figs. 1 D; 2 E, U, V, W). G 1 relatively slender; subterminal segment, almost straight, tapering; terminal segment obliquely bent outwards at midpoint, outer margin concave, tapering, cylindrical, slightly setose (Figs. 2 A – D, H – S; 6 I, J). G 2 shorter than G 1, terminal segment long, about half length of subterminal segment (Fig. 2 T).	en	Husana, Daniel Edison M., Ng, Peter K. L. (2019): On the identity of Sundathelphusa philippina (von Martens, 1868) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae) from the Philippines, with descriptions of two new species. Zootaxa 4585 (2): 315-331, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.2.5
C6560C5A6B29FF8FE7FEFB6AFDA0F8EE.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Von Martens (1868) described S. philippina from an unspecified number of specimens from the islands of Samar and Luzon. All the specimens he examined are, therefore, syntypes. Bott (1970: 79) designated a male measuring 43 × 33 mm from the type series (ZMB 1055) as the lectotype. The bottle catalogued as ZMB 1055 contains a 42.8 × 34.8 mm male specimen from “ Loquilocun ” (in Samar) (Fig. 1 A, C – F) with the label “ lectotype ”, and it agrees well with the figures and measurements given by Bott (1970: 79) for the lectotype, and is here recognized as such. The type locality “ Loquilocun ” is a small village (also known as barangay) in Paranas town (formerly known as “ Wright ” town) upstream of Ulot river in Samar and has the following coordinates: 11 ° 48 ’ 30.0 ” N, 125 ° 06 ’ 24.0 ” E. The spelling of the village has already changed to “ Lokilokon ” in recent years; hence the old name cannot be found in modern maps and digital references. As for the data on the old labels, we note that it is a common practice in the Philippines to name a stream or a river after the name of a town or a village. We are of the opinion that the name “ Calbiga ” on the old Jagor labels is imprecise because Lokilokon is actually located at Paranas town, which is about 30 km away. We believe that the collector F. Jagor used this name only because he had passed Calbiga town on his way to Lokilokon village during his expedition The specimen from Camarines Sur, a province located in the Bicol peninsula in the southeastern part of Luzon Island, just north of Samar Island, could be a different species from S. philippina given its geographic location. But until comparative specimens become available, we regard the Sundathelphusa populations in the two adjacent islands as one taxon for the time being. The taxonomic history of S. philippina is confusing as various authors have mixed up material together. Bott (1970: 79) stated that only specimens from Samar, Mariveles and Bohol can be confidently referred to S. philippina sensu stricto. Material that had been identified as this species by Bürger (1894: 4), De Man (1898: 437), Ortmann (1897: 304), Rathbun (1904: 304) and Balss (1934: 177) from Luzon, Negros and other locations were mixed, and / or have been confused with Sundathelphusa grapsoides (H. Milne Edwards, 1853) instead (see also Balss 1937: 153). Bott (1970) also synonymized Potamon (Potamon) montanoanus Rathbun, 1904, and Potamon (Potamon) mistio Rathbun, 1904, under S. philippina, although both species are from mountains in the island of Mindanao which is far south from his localities. Ng et al. (2008) treated both species as distinct from S. philippina sensu stricto although no reasons were provided (see also Mendoza & Naruse 2010). Mendoza & Sy (2017) recently described a new Sundathelphusa species from Mindanao and redescribed S. mistio and S. montanoanus from the types and showed they are distinct taxa. Bürger’s (1894: 4) record of “ Telphusa philippina ” is a subsequent record from von Martens and does not constitute an original description as indicated in Ng et al. (2008: 73), and so poses no homonymy issues. We examined the extant Bürger (1894) material in the ZMB; his material from Agno River in Luzon are all S. grapsoides. The material he listed from Bohol was referred to a new species, S. boex, by Ng & Sket (1996). Although Ng & Sket (1996) treated the material from Cebu as “ S. philippina ”, we now show that they actually belong to a separate species, here described as S. cebu sp. nov. (see discussion later). Bürger’s specimen from Mariveles (in Luzon) is actually an undescribed small species, which will be described at a later stage. The specimen figured by him (Bürger, 1894: pl. 1 fig. 3) is clearly not S. philippina sensu stricto as understood at present and resembles the new species from Mariveles. But because he did not indicate the origins of the specimen figured, we are unsure of its identity. As far as we know, Bürger (1894) did not have specimens of S. philippina sensu stricto as defined here. The species named as “ Potamon (Telphusa) philippina Martens, 1869 ”, in Estampador’s (1959) checklist of the decapod crustaceans of the Philippines is definitely not S. philippina because his localities were all in the northern region of Luzon Island including Camiguin, an islet north of Luzon, not to be confused with the more famous Camiguin island located north of Mindanao. In addition, we have specimens from Quirino province, in northern Luzon, which superficially resemble S. philippina but are distinct in their carapace and ambulatory morphology as well as G 1 characters. They are here described as S. quirino sp. nov. The good series of specimens of S. philippina sensu stricto from Samar Island allow us to determine the variation in this species. Significant allometric changes are often observed with increasing size, in particular with the form of the carapace. In S. philippina sensu stricto, smaller specimens (e. g., 14.1 × 12.3 mm, ZRC 2016.0107) have a subquadrate carapace with the regions of the dorsal surface (notably the branchial region) relatively less convex and the surface more rugose (Fig. 3 A). The G 1 s of these smaller males, although appearing to be functional, are also usually relatively straighter, with the distal half less distinctly curved (Fig. 3 B). As specimens get larger (e. g., 30.8 × 24.75 mm, ZRC 2016.0107), the anterolateral and branchial regions gradually become more inflated with the surface smoother, and the carapace becomes more transversely ovate with the posterolateral margins more prominently convergent (Fig. 3 A). In these larger males, the G 1 is also relatively stouter and the distal half becomes prominently curved (Fig. 3 B). The changes in carapace morphology are also evident in the female specimens examined here. The presently observed size-related changes in carapace shape, surface morphology and G 1 structure indicate that Sundathelphusa spelaeophila Stasolla, Abbarchi & Innocenti, 2015, is a junior subjective synonym of S. philippina sensu stricto. The former species was described from four relatively small males (holotype, 15.9 by 14.1 mm, MZUF 3920; paratypes, 11.7 × 10.6 mm MZUF 4273, 15.4 × 12.9 mm NMCR 40102, 16.8 × 14.7 mm MZUF 3927) from Can Gortio Cave and “ SNAZ 1 ” Cave, Barangay Matalud, San Jorge municipality, Samar province, Philippines. The type locality of S. spelaeophila is actually only about 15 kilometers north of Lobo Cave where one of the specimens of S. philippina (ZRC 2017.1062) was collected. We also obtained specimens of S. philippina sensu stricto from the shallow part of the caves (Lobo and Daram Caves), similar to the habitat of S. spelaeophila reported by Stasolla et al. (2015). The map for the type locality of the S. spelaeophila has an inaccuracy; the correct location of Lobo cave is actually that indicated as Langun cave on their map (Stasolla et al. 2015: fig. 3) (see Husana et al. 2009: fig. 1). The presence of S. philippina in caves is not significant as the species is clearly not a stygobiont, not possessing any of the attributes associated with such fauna (see Holthuis 1986; Guinot 1988, 1994). True stygobiont species of Sundathelphusa with loss of carapace pigmentation, reduced eyes and elongated ambulatory legs are known from the Philippines (see Husana et al. 2009; Takeda & Ng 2001). Sundathelphusa philippina is clearly an epigeal species that roams around surface streams at night and just occasionally wanders into cave habitats for shelter during the day. From our extensive field collections and investigations, we observed that the habitat range of this species is from the shallow part of the caves in karstic areas to small surface streams with stagnant to slow-moving freshwater. They mainly stay under the submerged rocks, logs or leaves in the water and only come out in the open to forage.	en	Husana, Daniel Edison M., Ng, Peter K. L. (2019): On the identity of Sundathelphusa philippina (von Martens, 1868) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae) from the Philippines, with descriptions of two new species. Zootaxa 4585 (2): 315-331, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.2.5
C6560C5A6B2FFF82E7FEFF3AFF62FC56.taxon	description	(Figs. 4 – 5; 6 B, D, F, H, K, L; 9 C, D)	en	Husana, Daniel Edison M., Ng, Peter K. L. (2019): On the identity of Sundathelphusa philippina (von Martens, 1868) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae) from the Philippines, with descriptions of two new species. Zootaxa 4585 (2): 315-331, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.2.5
C6560C5A6B2FFF82E7FEFF3AFF62FC56.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: ♂ (38.1 × 31.2 mm), ZRC 2017.1254, Campo Siete (Camp 7, Minglanilla, 450 m asl, Cebu Island, coll. S. I. Ueno, 22 June 1977. Paratypes: 1 ♂ (32.9 × 26.2 mm), ZRC 2009.0102, 4 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀, NSMT-Cr 25887, same data as holotype; 2 ♂♂ (larger 29.3 × 24.0 mm), 1 ♀ (29.5 × 24.2 mm), ZRC 2017.1061, 8 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀, NSMT-Cr 25888, upper stream of Mananga River, Cebu Island, coll. M. Takeda, 29 July 1985; 1 ♂ (39.3 × 31.4 mm), 3 young ♂♂, ZRC 2006.0055, Cantipla (mislabeled as Caufipla) Village, near Cebu City, Cebu Island, coll. Y. Cai, 14 December 2000; 1 ♂ (37.5 × 30.0 mm), 1 ♀ (52.2 × 40.3 mm), ZRC 2017.1255, Malbubog Vilage, near Cebu City, Cebu Island, coll. Y. Cai, 14 December 2000; 7 ♂♂ (largest 37.5 × 31.2 mm), 9 ♀♀ (32.6 × 27.5 mm), ZRC 2017.1256, Tabunan Village, near Cebu City, Cebu Island, coll. Y. Cai, 14 December 2000; 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀, ZRC 2009.0098, Kawasan Falls, along Matutinao river, Badian town, Cebu Island, coll. P. K. L. Ng et al., 30 July 2003; 1 young ♂, 6 young ♀♀, ZRC 2009.0099, Kawasan Falls, Matutinao, Cebu Island, coll. H. - C. Liu, 2 December 2001; 2 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀, 3 juveniles, ZRC 2006.0056, Kawasan Falls, Matutinao, Cebu Island, coll. Y. Cai, 20 December 2006; 2 ♂♂ (36.6 × 30.3 mm, 40.5 × 32.0 mm), ZRC 2011.0002, Kawasan Falls, Matutinao, Cebu Island, coll. J. C. Y. Lai, December 2012; 1 ♂ (36.5 × 28.9 mm), ZRC 2017.1253, 1 ♂, 1 juvenile, NSMT, Kantabako, Cebu Island, coll. M. Takeda et al., 28 July 1985. All locations in the Philippines.	en	Husana, Daniel Edison M., Ng, Peter K. L. (2019): On the identity of Sundathelphusa philippina (von Martens, 1868) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae) from the Philippines, with descriptions of two new species. Zootaxa 4585 (2): 315-331, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.2.5
C6560C5A6B2FFF82E7FEFF3AFF62FC56.taxon	description	Description. Carapace trapezoidal, widest at anterior quarter, dorsal surface convex longitudinally, dorsoventrally depressed, regions distinct (Figs. 4 A, B; 6 B, F). Frontal region sloping anteroventrally; anterolateral regions inflated dorsolaterally, rugose; cervical grooves deep; H-shaped gastric groove deep; epigastric cristae distinct, edges rough, separated by distinct median furrow; postorbital cristae, sharp but low; epigastric and postorbital cristae, confluent; epibranchial teeth and postorbital cristae not confluent, separated by gaps (Fig. 4 A, B). Frontal margin broadly protruded, two lobes clearly separated with broad median concavity; external orbital tooth produced anteriorly, outer margin longer than inner margin; epibranchial tooth distinct, triangular, well separated from external orbital tooth, margin gently curving dorsally, tapering anteriorly; anterolateral margin convex, crest low but distinct when viewed laterally, not clearly demarcated from posterolateral margin; posterolateral margin gently concave, converging gradually towards posterior margin of carapace (Figs. 4 A, B; 6 B, D, F, H). Frontal median triangle almost complete; dorsal and lateral margins distinct, smooth; dorsal margin more produced anteriorly than lateral margins (Fig. 5 F); orbit well demarcated; supraorbital margin smooth; infraorbital margin protruded anteriorly, granulated; outer edge reaching and fused with anterolateral margin; suborbital and subbranchial regions covered with scattered oblique long, short striae; pterygostomial region smooth with oblique ridges on upper outer part (Figs. 4 C; 6 F). Posterior margin of epistome with three lobes, median lobe large, subtriangular, with notch; lateral lobes wider and protruded (Figs. 4 C; 5 H; 6 F, H). Eyes well developed, occupying entire orbit (Figs. 4 A, B, C; 6 B, D, F, H). Ischium of third maxilliped rectangular, bearing distinct submedian sulcus close to mesial margin; merus quadrate, anteroexternal angle convex, anterior margin slightly concave; tip of exopod reaches midpoint of outer margin of merus, with long flagellum reaching slightly beyond mesial margin (Fig. 4 C, E). Adult male chelipeds stout, subequal; dorsal margin of merus serrated, dorsal margin with distinct subdistal tooth; carpus with strong distal inner angle, flattened dorsoventrally, laterally fringed with proximal teeth; palm surface smooth, equal in length with finger; ventral margin granulated; fingers robust, cutting edges with teeth of various sizes, largest medially, smaller on distal and proximal parts (Fig. 4 F). Ambulatory legs not elongate (Figs. 4 A; 9 C, D), second leg longest; anterior margin of merus serrated, without subdistal tooth or spine, posterior margins smooth; carpus short, with longitudinal submedian ridge on dorsal and ventral surfaces of all legs except on fourth leg that lacks ventral ridge, dorsal ridge barely visible, widened distally, outer margins indistinctly serrated; propodus with rows of spines on inner and outer margins, shorter on outer margin; dactylus with rows of spines on all margins, spines of both outer and inner margins of dactylus almost equal in length (Figs. 4 A; 9 C, D). Male sternopleonal cavity reaching to level of proximal quarter of coxae of chelipeds (Fig. 4 D). Adult male pleon narrow, T-shaped; somite 1 very short, proximal and distal margins sinuous; somite 2 transversely subrectangular; somites 3 – 5 narrow gradually; lateral margins of somite 3 convex, lateral margins of somites 4 and 5 slightly concave; somite 6 rectangular, longer than broad, lateral margins slightly concave; telson subtriangular, longer than broad, lateral margin concave medially, rounded distally (Figs. 4 D; 5 F, M). G 1 relatively slender; subterminal segment, outer margin concave, almost straight, tapering; terminal segment gently bent outwards, outer margin concave, tapering, cylindrical, slightly setose (Fig. 5 A – D, I – L). G 2 subequal in length to G 1, distal segment long, about half length of basal segment (Fig. 5 E).	en	Husana, Daniel Edison M., Ng, Peter K. L. (2019): On the identity of Sundathelphusa philippina (von Martens, 1868) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae) from the Philippines, with descriptions of two new species. Zootaxa 4585 (2): 315-331, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.2.5
C6560C5A6B2FFF82E7FEFF3AFF62FC56.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is named after the island of Cebu where it is apparently endemic. The name is used as a noun in apposition.	en	Husana, Daniel Edison M., Ng, Peter K. L. (2019): On the identity of Sundathelphusa philippina (von Martens, 1868) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae) from the Philippines, with descriptions of two new species. Zootaxa 4585 (2): 315-331, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.2.5
C6560C5A6B2FFF82E7FEFF3AFF62FC56.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Sundathelphusa cebu sp. nov. has long been confused with S. philippina sensu stricto because of their close morphological resemblance (e. g. Takeda 1987; Ng & Sket 1996). An initial unpublished DNA analysis of the large subunit rRNA (16 S) of this group of species done by the first author suggests that the species populations from the islands of Samar and Cebu represent distinct genetic groups. The detailed study of the many specimens of both species on hand shows that there is a suite of small but distinct morphological characters that can be used to separate S. philippina sensu stricto and S. cebu sp. nov. (Fig. 6 A – J). When viewed laterally, the side of the external orbital tooth gently curves dorsally in S. cebu sp. nov. (Fig. 6 D) while in S. philippina, the entire tooth and margin is almost flat (Fig. 6 C). The crest along the anterolateral margin is relatively sharper and more clearly defined in S. cebu sp. nov. (Figs. 4 A, B; 6 B) than in S. philippina (Figs. 1 A, B; 6 A). When viewed frontally and laterally, the branchial and gastric regions of the carapace of S. cebu sp. nov. are also proportionately higher than those of S. philippina (Fig. 6 D, F vs. Fig. 6 C, E) of comparable sizes. The oblique striations on the anterolateral regions are generally more pronounced in S. cebu sp. nov. (Fig. 6 B); in S. philippina, these are relatively lower and the surface appears much smoother (Fig. 6 B). These characters are consistent across all size-groups and for both sexes examined. Another useful character that works in most cases is the structure of the median lobe of the posterior margin of the epistome. In S. cebu sp. nov., the lateral margins are prominently cristate and where they meet at the tip, there is almost always a deep notch, giving it a bilobed appearance (Figs. 4 C; 5 G; 6 F, H). In S. philippina, the lateral margins of the median lobe are not as prominent and where they meet at the tip, they appear to be more confluent, hardly appearing bilobed (Figs. 1 C, 2 G, 6 G). The G 1 s differ slightly in the curvature and shape, with that of S. philippina being usually relatively straighter (Figs. 2 A, B, H, I; 3 F; 6 I, J) while in S. cebu sp. nov., it is relatively more curved (Figs. 5 A, B, I, J; 6 K, L). The differences in the G 1 structures, however, are not always reliable as in some specimens of S. philippina, the G 1 also appears to be relatively more curved (Fig. 2 L, M, P, Q vs. Figs. 5 A, C, G, H; 6 J). The maximum adult sizes of S. cebu sp. nov. and S. philippina appear to differ. The largest specimen of S. philippina examined is a male 53.4 × 42.5 mm (ZRC 2009.0409) from Binangkaan river in Camarines Sur, Luzon Island and adult females can also exceed 50 mm in carapace width. The largest male specimen of S. cebu sp. nov. measured only 40.5 × 32.0 mm (ZRC 2011.0002), from Kawasan Falls, Matutinao, Cebu Island, but specimens up to 30 mm in carapace width are already mature. The largest female examined is 52.2 × 40.3 mm (ZRC 2017.1255), from Malbubog Vilage, near Cebu City, Cebu Island. The distributions of the three species treated in this paper generally correspond to biogeographic zones recognized in Ong et al. (2002: 2, fig. 4). Sundathelphusa philippina is known from the islands of Samar, Leyte and southernmost Luzon. Samar and Leyte are part of Greater Mindanao Region, and while southern Luzon belongs to the Greater Luzon Region, its proximity to Samar means that these areas were probably connected during the last ice age 15,000 – 20,000 years ago. Sundathelphusa cebu sp. nov. occurs in the Greater Negros-Panay Region, while S. quirino sp. nov. is in the Greater Luzon Region. In any case, a number of Sundathelphusa species from Bohol are known to have rapid speciation rates (see Klaus et al. 2013 a) and this is likely to be true for species in the other islands.	en	Husana, Daniel Edison M., Ng, Peter K. L. (2019): On the identity of Sundathelphusa philippina (von Martens, 1868) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae) from the Philippines, with descriptions of two new species. Zootaxa 4585 (2): 315-331, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.2.5
C6560C5A6B23FF87E7FEFBB1FCB8F874.taxon	description	(Figs. 7 – 8; 9 E, F)	en	Husana, Daniel Edison M., Ng, Peter K. L. (2019): On the identity of Sundathelphusa philippina (von Martens, 1868) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae) from the Philippines, with descriptions of two new species. Zootaxa 4585 (2): 315-331, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.2.5
C6560C5A6B23FF87E7FEFBB1FCB8F874.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: ♂ (49.3 × 37.5 mm), NMCR 50701, Aglipay Cave, Aglipay town, Quirino province, Luzon Island, 16 ˚ 28.439 ' N 121 ˚ 36.577 ' E, coll. D. E. Husana, 17 April 2009. Paratypes: 1 ♂ (44.0 × 34.2 mm), 2 ♀♀ (45.3 × 35.4 mm, 52.8 × 41.0 mm), ZRC 2017.1063, same data as holotype; 1 ♀ (27.4 × 23.0 mm), ZRC 2017.1257, Diduyan River, Sitio Tubo, Dingasan, Quirino Province, Luzon, coll. L. Liao, 3 February 1999; 1 ♂ (47.6 × 36.9 mm), 1 ♂ (33.1 × 26.1 mm) (only carapace intact), 1 ♀ (crushed), RMNH 32925, Disiluat Cave, 8 km from San Leonardo, Quirino, Luzon, coll. F. Alanday, July 1979. All locations in the Philippines.	en	Husana, Daniel Edison M., Ng, Peter K. L. (2019): On the identity of Sundathelphusa philippina (von Martens, 1868) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae) from the Philippines, with descriptions of two new species. Zootaxa 4585 (2): 315-331, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.2.5
C6560C5A6B23FF87E7FEFBB1FCB8F874.taxon	description	Description. Carapace trapezoidal in shape, widest at anterior quarter, dorsal surface distinctly convex longitudinally, dorsoventrally inflated, regions distinct (Fig. 7 A). Frontal region sloping anteroventrally; anterolateral regions inflated dorsolaterally, smooth; cervical grooves deep; H-shaped gastric groove deep; epigastric cristae, distinct, edges rough, separated by distinct median furrow; postorbital cristae, sharp but low; epigastric and postorbital cristae confluent; epibranchial teeth and postorbital cristae not confluent, separated by gaps (Fig. 7 A). Frontal margin broadly protruded, two lobes clearly separated with broad median concavity; external orbital tooth produced anteriorly, outer margin longer than inner margin; epibranchial tooth distinct, triangular, well separated from external orbital tooth, tapering anteriorly, surface and margin flat; anterolateral margin convex, with very low crest, not distinct from lateral view, not clearly demarcated from posterolateral margin; posterolateral margin gently concave, converging gradually towards posterior margin of carapace (Fig. 7 A). Frontal median triangle complete; dorsal and lateral margins distinct, smooth, confluent; dorsal margin more produced anteriorly than lateral margins (Fig. 8 F); orbit well demarcated; supraorbital margin smooth; infraorbital margin, smooth, sinuous, protruded anteriorly; outer edge reaching and fused with anterolateral margin; suborbital and subbranchial regions covered with scattered oblique long, short striae; pterygostomial region smooth with oblique ridges on upper outer part (Fig. 7 C). Posterior margin of epistome with three lobes, median lobe large, subtriangular, notch absent; lateral lobes wider and protruded, placed more anteriorly than median lobe (Figs. 7 C; 8 G). Eyes well developed, occupying entire orbit (Fig. 7 A, C). Ischium of third maxilliped rectangular, bearing distinct submedian sulcus closer to mesial margin; merus quadrate, anteroexternal angle convex, anterior margin slightly concave; tip of exopod reaches midpoint of outer margin of merus, with long flagellum reaching beyond mesial margin (Fig. 7 B, C). Adult chelipeds relatively stout, subequal, stronger in males; dorsal margin of merus serrated, dorsal margin with distinct subdistal tooth; carpus with strong distal inner angle, flattened dorsoventrally, laterally fringed with proximal teeth; palm with minutely granulated outer surface; ventral margin granulated; fingers robust, cutting edges with teeth of various sizes, largest medially, smaller on distal and proximal parts (Fig. 7 E, F). Ambulatory legs relatively longer (Figs. 7 A; 9 E, F), second leg longest; anterior margin of merus serrated, without subdistal tooth or spine, posterior margins smooth on all legs; carpus short, with longitudinal submedian ridge on dorsal and ventral surfaces of all legs except on fourth leg that lacks ventral ridge, with barely visible dorsal ridge, widened distally, outer margins smooth; propodus with rows of spines on inner margins, outer margins smooth; dactylus with rows of short spines on all margins, spines of both outer and inner margins of dactylus almost equal in length (Figs 7 A; 9 F). Male sternopleonal cavity reaching to level of proximal quarter of coxae of chelipeds. Adult male pleon narrow, T-shaped; somite 1 very short, proximal and distal margins sinuous; somite 2 transversely subrectangular; somites 3 – 5 narrow gradually; lateral margins of somite 3 convex, lateral margins of somite 4 slightly convex with angle at distal end, lateral margins of somite 5 concave; somite 6 length equal to width at widest point, lateral margins concave; telson subtriangular, length equal at the broadest distal margin, lateral margin convex medially, rounded distally (Figs. 7 D; 8 H, M). G 1 relatively slender, almost straight but slightly bended outward; outer margin of subterminal segment slightly concave; terminal segment slightly curved outward, tapering, cylindrical, slightly setose (Fig. 8 A – D, I – L). G 2 longer than G 1, distal segment long, about half length of basal segment (Fig. 8 E).	en	Husana, Daniel Edison M., Ng, Peter K. L. (2019): On the identity of Sundathelphusa philippina (von Martens, 1868) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae) from the Philippines, with descriptions of two new species. Zootaxa 4585 (2): 315-331, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.2.5
C6560C5A6B23FF87E7FEFBB1FCB8F874.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is named after the province of Quirino where all the materials were collected. The name is used as a noun in apposition.	en	Husana, Daniel Edison M., Ng, Peter K. L. (2019): On the identity of Sundathelphusa philippina (von Martens, 1868) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae) from the Philippines, with descriptions of two new species. Zootaxa 4585 (2): 315-331, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.2.5
C6560C5A6B23FF87E7FEFBB1FCB8F874.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The Quirino specimens, while superficially resembling S. philippina sensu stricto, differ markedly in having proportionately more slender and longer ambulatory merus; more inflated anterolateral region, the proximal part of the telson and distal region of pleonal somite 6 are proportionately wider, and the G 1 has a relatively straighter distal segment (Figs. 8 A – D, I – L; 9 E, F) (vs. relatively shorter and stouter ambulatory legs, less convex anterolateral region, less wide telson and somite 6, and a more curved G 1; Figs. 2 A – D, F – S; 9 A, B). As such, they are here referred to a new species, S. quirino sp. nov. The type locality of S. quirino sp. nov. is quite far from the known distribution range of S. philippina sensu stricto and are separated by at least two geographic barriers. The Sierra Madre-Caraballo-Cordillera mountain ranges separates the type locality of S. quirino sp. nov. in the far north of Luzon Island while the San Bernardino Strait in the south separates the big islands of Luzon and Samar. While some of the specimens of S. quirino sp. nov. were collected from caves, none of the material has the typical characters associated with stygobionts (see discussion for S. philippina) and the species is probably at most a facultative cavernicole (see Ng 2013; Husana et al. 2014).	en	Husana, Daniel Edison M., Ng, Peter K. L. (2019): On the identity of Sundathelphusa philippina (von Martens, 1868) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae) from the Philippines, with descriptions of two new species. Zootaxa 4585 (2): 315-331, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.2.5
