identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
C6048246FFF1FFA34EDF81C2FB8DFA36.text	C6048246FFF1FFA34EDF81C2FB8DFA36.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haploposthia vandula Hooge and Tyler 2001	<div><p>Haploposthia vandula Hooge and Tyler, 2001</p> <p>(Fig. 1A)</p> <p>Material. Living specimens in squeeze preparations.</p> <p>Locality. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-88.08194&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.8025" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -88.08194/lat 16.8025)">Subtidal</a> medium-grained sand surrounding Carrie Bow Cay (16°48’09” N, 88°04’55” W), subtidal sediment from the south end of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-88.1925&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.664722" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -88.1925/lat 16.664722)">Manatee Cay</a> (16°39’53” N, 88°11’33” W), and subtidal sand among mangrove roots and Thalassia sp. from <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-88.108055&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.832224" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -88.108055/lat 16.832224)">Twin Cays</a> near West Bay (16°49’56” N, 88°06’29” W).</p> <p>Description. Mature specimens were ~ 800 µm long and ~ 300 µm wide (Fig. 1A). Body with distinctive yellow-gold coloration. Anterior end rounded, posterior more blunt due to presence of terminal male gonopore. Mature specimens with prominent paired strands of oocytes.</p> <p>Remarks. Haploposthia vandula was the most commonly occurring acoel in our sediment samples. Its bright yellow coloration and broad body make it easily distinguishable from other acoels. This is the first finding of H. vandula outside of its type locality of Bermuda (Hooge &amp; Tyler 2001).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C6048246FFF1FFA34EDF81C2FB8DFA36	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hooge, Matthew D.;Tyler, Seth	Hooge, Matthew D., Tyler, Seth (2007): Acoela (Acoelomorpha) from Belize. Zootaxa 1479 (1): 21-33, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1479.1.3
C6048246FFF1FFA04EDF8465FD48FDE6.text	C6048246FFF1FFA04EDF8465FD48FDE6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kuma albiventer (Marcus 1954)	<div><p>Kuma albiventer (Marcus, 1954)</p> <p>(Figs. 1B, C)</p> <p>Haploposthia albiventer: Marcus 1954 (p 420); Mamkaev 1967 (p 40); Dörjes 1968 (p 97); Dörjes and Karling 1975 (p 180).</p> <p>Kuma albiventer: Faubel 1976 (p 35); Hooge and Smith 2004 (p 16); Tekle 2004 (p 86); Hooge and Rocha 2006 (p 17).</p> <p>Material. Living specimens in squeeze preparations; one set of 2-µm-thick serial sections of epoxy-embedded specimen stained with toluidine blue.</p> <p>Localities. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-88.108055&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.832224" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -88.108055/lat 16.832224)">East of Carrie Bow Cay</a> (16°48’09” N, 88°04’55” W), from fine-grained sand in a sand trough at 30 m depth, south of Carrie Bow Cay at 3–8 m depth from sand collected at a sand bore (16°45’53” N, 88°07’09” W), and from Twin Cays near West Bay (16°49’56” N, 88°06’29” W), from subtidal sand among mangrove roots and Thalassia sp.</p> <p>Description. Mature specimens ~ 460 µm long when fully elongated and ~ 90 µm wide (Fig. 1B). Body cylindrical. Anterior and posterior ends rounded; posterior more blunt. Body color dark reddish-brown by transmitted light. Often with prominent unpaired oocytes in posterior portion of body.</p> <p>Male gonopore terminal at posterior end of body (Fig. 1C). Ciliated male antrum leads to ring of granular gland cells. Conspicuous mucoid gland cells surround seminal vesicle (Fig. 1C).</p> <p>Remarks. Prior to this collection, Kuma albiventer was known only from the Island of São Sebastiao, off the coast of the state of São Paulo, Brazil (Marcus 1954, Hooge &amp; Rocha 2006). Our Belize specimens appear almost identical to those from Brazil and their conspecificity is confirmed by the presence of the ring of gland cells with granular contents located at the proximal end of the male antrum, which are interspersed with the more prominent mucoid glands (Fig. 1C).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C6048246FFF1FFA04EDF8465FD48FDE6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hooge, Matthew D.;Tyler, Seth	Hooge, Matthew D., Tyler, Seth (2007): Acoela (Acoelomorpha) from Belize. Zootaxa 1479 (1): 21-33, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1479.1.3
C6048246FFF2FFA74EDF853FFAE3F8F1.text	C6048246FFF2FFA74EDF853FFAE3F8F1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parahaploposthia longituba Hooge & Tyler 2007	<div><p>Parahaploposthia longituba sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs. 2–4)</p> <p>Type material. Holotype. USNM 1096760, one set of 2-µm-thick serial sagittal sections of epoxy-embedded specimen stained with toluidine blue. Paratype. USNM 1096761, epoxy-embedded whole mount.</p> <p>Type locality. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-88.08194&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.8025" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -88.08194/lat 16.8025)">South of Carrie Bow Cay</a> at 3– 8 m depth from sand collected at a sand bore (1645’53” N, 88°07’09” W), and south of Carrie Bow Cay (16°48’09” N, 88°04’55” W), from medium-grained in a sand trough at 5 m water depth.</p> <p>Other material examined. Living specimens in squeeze preparations; three sets of 2-µm-thick serial sections of epoxy-embedded specimens; whole mount for fluorescence imaging of musculature.</p> <p>Etymology. Species name refers to the long tube-like nature of the male antrum.</p> <p>Description. Unsqueezed, mature specimens ~ 400 µm long and ~ 100 µm wide (Figs. 2A, 3A, 4A). Body cylindrical. Anterior and posterior ends rounded. Body color yellow by transmitted light. Epidermis completely ciliated. Without rhabdoid glands. Frontal organ well developed (Fig. 3C). Mouth opening on ventral surface, anterior half of body (Fig. 3A, 4A).</p> <p>Body-wall musculature with circular muscles that encircle the body along entire length of animal; straight longitudinal muscles present between frontal pore and anterior edge of mouth; longitudinal-cross-over muscles (fibers with a longitudinal orientation anteriorly, but bend medially to cross diagonally) present in both dorsal and ventral body wall; longitudinal muscles in anterior half of body that wrap around posterior rim of mouth (U-shaped muscles) present in ventral body wall; without anterior ventral diagonal muscles (Fig. 4A).</p> <p>Ovary unpaired, ventral. Testes paired, lateral to ovary, compact.</p> <p>Female gonopore and vagina absent. Seminal bursa, with sponge-like tissue wall, positioned in caudal portion of body, ventral to seminal vesicle (Figs. 2B, 3A, B).</p> <p>Male gonopore terminal at posterior end of body opens to long (~ 140 µm), ciliated male antrum (Figs. 2A, B, 3A, B, D). Male antrum wall composed of outer longitudinal and inner circular muscle fibers (Fig. 4B). Epithelium of antrum penetrated by necks of gland cells that empty into lumen of antrum (Fig. 3D). Proximal end of male antrum capped with small, sperm-filled, seminal vesicle with thin tissue wall lacking musculature (Fig. 3B).</p> <p>Remarks. As is the case with Parahaploposthia longituba, the five previously described species of Parahaploposthia have an unpaired ovary, paired testes, and a ciliated male antrum (see Tyler et al. 2006). Parahaploposthia longituba stands distinct from all the others in having well-developed frontal glands and an exceptionally long male antrum. The antrum of P. thiophilus Fegley, Smith, &amp; Rieger, 1984, is similarly elongated but only about half the length of that of P. longituba (~ 80 µm vs 140 µm). Like P. velvetum Hooge &amp; Tyler, 2001, and P. thiophilus, P. longitubus has a seminal bursa, but it lacks the vagina that connects the bursa to the posterior end of the body in those two species (Fegley et al. 1984, Hooge &amp; Tyler 2001). P. longituba is further distinguished from P. thiophilus in having pale coloration (brown in P. thiophilus), a more anteriorly positioned mouth (mid-body in P. thiophilus) and frontal glands extending posterior to the statocyst.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C6048246FFF2FFA74EDF853FFAE3F8F1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hooge, Matthew D.;Tyler, Seth	Hooge, Matthew D., Tyler, Seth (2007): Acoela (Acoelomorpha) from Belize. Zootaxa 1479 (1): 21-33, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1479.1.3
C6048246FFF6FFA54EDF82DAFF2BFC0E.text	C6048246FFF6FFA54EDF82DAFF2BFC0E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudohaplogonaria rodmani Hooge & Tyler 2007	<div><p>Pseudohaplogonaria rodmani sp. nov.</p> <p>(Fig. 5)</p> <p>Type material. Holotype. USNM 1096762, one set of 2-µm-thick serial sagittal sections of epoxy-embedded specimen stained with toluidine blue.</p> <p>Type locality. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-88.108055&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.832224" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -88.108055/lat 16.832224)">East of Carrie Bow Cay</a> (16°48’09” N, 88°04’55” W), from fine-grained sand in a trough at 30 m depth, south of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-88.108055&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.832224" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -88.108055/lat 16.832224)">Carrie Bow Cay</a> at 3–8 m depth from sand collected at a sand bore (16°45’53” N, 88°07’09” W), and from Twin Cays near West Bay (16°49’56” N, 88°06’29” W), from subtidal sand among mangrove roots and Thalassia sp.</p> <p>Other material examined. Living specimens in squeeze preparations; one set of 2-µm-thick serial sections of epoxy-embedded specimen.</p> <p>Etymology. Named in honor of James Rodman of the U.S. National Science Foundation, a champion of systematics and taxonomy.</p> <p>Description. Mature specimens ~ 450 µm long and ~ 100 µm wide (Figs. 5A, B). Anterior and posterior ends rounded. Epidermis uncolored by transmitted light. Epidermis completely ciliated. Numerous red rhab- doids present in body wall, especially concentrated on dorsal side (Figs. 5A, B). Frontal organ well developed. Mouth opening on ventral surface, middle of body (Fig. 5B).</p> <p>Ovary unpaired, ventral, extends from mouth posteriorly to seminal bursa. Testes paired, lateral to ovary, compact, separate from ovary, extend from level of statocyst posteriorly to seminal vesicle.</p> <p>Female gonopore and vagina absent. Seminal bursa positioned caudally, ventral to seminal vesicle. Bursa with ventro-anteriorly directed bursal nozzle (Fig. 5C).</p> <p>Male gonopore ventral, at posterior end of body (Figs. 5D). Gonopore surrounded by large gland cells that do not stain distinctly in toluidine blue (Fig. 5D). Seminal vesicle positioned slightly anterior to gonopore gland cells (Fig. 5D).</p> <p>Remarks. This species was easily distinguished from other acoels in our samples by its numerous red rhabdoid glands. While most specimens we collected were of a similar size, we encountered one specimen that was much larger and seemed to have a significantly larger copulatory organ; we were unable to confirm if this specimen was conspecific.</p> <p>Pseudohaplogonaria rodmani is united with the five previously described species in the genus in having a seminal bursa with a sclerotized bursal nozzle and a weakly developed or absent seminal vesicle (see Tyler et al. 2006). The relative simplicity of the male and female copulatory organs of this species is similar to that of the much smaller (~ 200 µm long) P. minima Ehlers and Dörjes, 1979, from the Galapagos; however, unlike P. minima, P. rodmani lacks a vagina connecting the seminal bursa to the common gonopore (Ehlers &amp; Dörjes 1979).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C6048246FFF6FFA54EDF82DAFF2BFC0E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hooge, Matthew D.;Tyler, Seth	Hooge, Matthew D., Tyler, Seth (2007): Acoela (Acoelomorpha) from Belize. Zootaxa 1479 (1): 21-33, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1479.1.3
C6048246FFF7FFA54EDF866DFD9EF9D3.text	C6048246FFF7FFA54EDF866DFD9EF9D3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hofstenia miamia Correa 1960	<div><p>Hofstenia miamia Correa, 1960</p> <p>(Figs. 6A, B)</p> <p>Material. USNM 1096778 and SMNH 89913, two sets of 2-µm-thick serial sections of epoxy-embedded specimens stained with toluidine blue.</p> <p>Localities. Grouper Garden, Twin Cays (16°49’46” N, 88°06’10” W), from submerged and decaying mangrove leaves surrounding mangrove rhizomes, and Carrie Bow Cay (16°48’09” N, 88°04’55” W), from subtidal Thalassia sp. roots and underlying sediment.</p> <p>Description. Mature specimens ~ 4 mm long contracted and 6–7 mm when elongated. Specimens collected from mangrove leaves usually with brown coloration and three white cross bands (Fig. 6A); often with additional spots of white. Specimens collected from Thalassia sp. mostly white, with wide brown band covering the lateral regions of the dorsal side but not crossing over the dorsal midline (Fig. 6B). Internal morphology identical in the two color morphs.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C6048246FFF7FFA54EDF866DFD9EF9D3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hooge, Matthew D.;Tyler, Seth	Hooge, Matthew D., Tyler, Seth (2007): Acoela (Acoelomorpha) from Belize. Zootaxa 1479 (1): 21-33, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1479.1.3
C6048246FFF7FFAA4EDF8542FF11FE7E.text	C6048246FFF7FFAA4EDF8542FF11FE7E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Avagina marci Dorjes and Karling 1975	<div><p>Avagina cf. marci Dörjes and Karling, 1975</p> <p>(Fig. 6C)</p> <p>Material. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-88.11917&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.764723" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -88.11917/lat 16.764723)">Living</a> specimens in squeeze preparation; ethanol-preserved specimens for DNA extraction. Localities. East of Carrie Bow Cay (16°48’09” N, 88°04’55” W), from fine-grained sand in a sand trough at 30 m depth, and south of Carrie Bow Cay at 3– 8 m depth from sand collected at a sand bore (16°45’53” N, 88°07’09” W).</p> <p>Description. Mature specimens ~ 600 µm in length and ~ 150 µm wide (Fig. 6C). Anterior and posterior ends rounded; posterior end club-shaped (Fig. 6C). Body without coloration in transmitted light. Rhabdoid glands not present. Mouth opening on ventral surface, anterior half of body.</p> <p>Remarks. Mature specimens of this species were relatively fragile, thereby preventing us from obtaining material suitable for histological sections. We tentatively identify this species as Avagina marci due to its superficial similarity in appearance to A. marci, as well its nearly identical 18S rDNA sequence (unpublished data).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C6048246FFF7FFAA4EDF8542FF11FE7E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hooge, Matthew D.;Tyler, Seth	Hooge, Matthew D., Tyler, Seth (2007): Acoela (Acoelomorpha) from Belize. Zootaxa 1479 (1): 21-33, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1479.1.3
C6048246FFF8FFA84EDF8525FDC5F9B0.text	C6048246FFF8FFA84EDF8525FDC5F9B0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Proporus carolinensis Hooge and Smith 2004	<div><p>Proporus carolinensis Hooge and Smith, 2004</p> <p>(Figs. 7–8)</p> <p>Material. USNM 1096763, one set of 2-µm-thick serial sections of epoxy-embedded specimens stained with toluidine blue; living specimens in squeeze preparation.</p> <p>Locality. Carrie Bow Cay (16°48’09” N, 88°04’55” W), from a patch of clean, medium-grained sand that abuts the southern edge of a Thalassia sp. bed, approximately 10 m from the northeast end of Carrie Bow Cay.</p> <p>Description. Mature specimens 670 to 1000 µm long and ~ 200 µm wide (Figs. 7A, B, 8A). Body cylindrical. Anterior end rounded, posterior end blunt.</p> <p>Mouth opening subterminal, ventral, anterior end of body. Mouth opens to ciliated pharynx (Figs. 7C, 8A).</p> <p>Ovary unpaired, ventral. Testes paired, lateral; converge to central mass immediately anterior to seminal vesicle (Figs. 8A, B).</p> <p>Female gonopore, vagina, and seminal bursa all absent. Male gonopore terminal at posterior end, opens to ciliated, tubular male antrum (Figs. 7D, 8B). Wall of antrum with circular and longitudinal muscles (Fig. 8B). Seminal vesicle at proximal end of male antrum; sperm in antrum aligned in parallel, longitudinally (Figs. 7D, 8B). Sperm of seminal vesicle surrounded by long, filamentous, metachromatic red strands (Fig. 8B), likely to be glandular secretions.</p> <p>Remarks. Previously known only from its type locality at Oak Island, North Carolina (Hooge &amp; Smith 2004), P. carolinensis was uncommon in our samples and was found at only one collection site. The metachromatic red strands surrounding the sperm of the seminal vesicle in the newly collected specimens were not visible in the histological sections of the type material from North Carolina; however, we wonder if these strands contribute to the appearance in living specimens that the seminal vesicle contains sclerotized needles. It was previously thought that this appearance was caused solely by the sperm of the seminal vesicle being aligned in parallel (Hooge &amp; Smith 2004).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C6048246FFF8FFA84EDF8525FDC5F9B0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hooge, Matthew D.;Tyler, Seth	Hooge, Matthew D., Tyler, Seth (2007): Acoela (Acoelomorpha) from Belize. Zootaxa 1479 (1): 21-33, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1479.1.3
C6048246FFFAFFA94EDF851DFD72FE2E.text	C6048246FFFAFFA94EDF851DFD72FE2E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antrosagittifera corallina Hooge and Tyler 2001	<div><p>Antrosagittifera corallina Hooge and Tyler, 2001</p> <p>Material. Living specimens in squeeze preparation.</p> <p>Locality. The west side of Carrie Bow Cay (16°48’09” N, 88°04’55” W), from the leaves of Thalassia sp.</p> <p>Description. Mature, unsqueezed specimens ~ 700 µm long and ~ 200 µm wide (Fig. 9A). Anterior and posterior ends rounded. Greenish-brown color conferred by numerous zooxanthellae. Paired strands of oocytes extend posteriorly to seminal bursa with distinctively shaped bursal nozzle (Fig. 9B). Male gonopore subterminal at posterior end. Long male antrum opens to walled seminal vesicle. Longest and most easily visible sagittocysts at posterior end of body, behind seminal vesicle (Fig. 9C). Remarks. This is the first finding of A. corallina outside of its type locality in Bermuda (Hooge &amp; Tyler 2001). While specimens collected in Bermuda were found in coarse coral sand, the Belize specimens seemed to be exclusively associated with Thalassia sp.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C6048246FFFAFFA94EDF851DFD72FE2E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hooge, Matthew D.;Tyler, Seth	Hooge, Matthew D., Tyler, Seth (2007): Acoela (Acoelomorpha) from Belize. Zootaxa 1479 (1): 21-33, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1479.1.3
