taxonID	type	description	language	source
C50387EEFFECB35E34CAE07BEAD10451.taxon	description	(Figs. 1 – 4, 11)	en	Cumberlidge, Neil, Conners, Paige M. (2024): A new species of freshwater crab from the East Usambara Mountains of Tanzania, East Africa, with a redescription of Telphusa infravallata Hilgendorf, 1898 (Brachyura: Potamoidea: Potamonautidae). Zootaxa 5538 (4): 339-356, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5538.4.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5538.4.3
C50387EEFFECB35E34CAE07BEAD10451.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: NMU TRW 1964.03 A, adult male (CW 15.6, CL 11.6, CH 5.1, FW 5.2 mm), Tanzania, Amani Area, East Usambara Mountains (- 5.083333, 38.666667, 801 m ASL), coll. J. N. Raybould, 1 January 1964. Other material examined. NMU TRW 1964.03 B, 2 adult males (CWs 18.2, 17.1 mm), Tanzania, Amani Area, East Usambara Mountains (- 5.083333, 38.666667, 801 m ASL), coll. J. N. Raybould, 1 January 1964. NMU TRW 1970.06, 3 subadult males (CWs 10.9 – 12.1 mm), 3 subadults (CWs 9.8 – 12.2 mm), 6 adult males (CWs 15.0 – 18.4 mm), 5 adult females (CWs 18.4, 17.8, 17.3, 17.0, 16.9 mm), 4 subadult females (one damaged) (CWs 12.8 – 14.2 mm), Amani Area, East Usambara Mountains (- 5.083333, 38.666667, 801 m ASL), coll. J. N. Raybould, 1970. NMU 09.03.1972, 4 adult females (CWs 15.9 – 18.2 mm), 7 subadult and adult males (CWs 14.7 – 18.6 mm), Amani Area, East Usambara Mountains (- 5.083333, 38.666667, 801 m ASL), coll. J. N. Raybould, 9 March 1972.	en	Cumberlidge, Neil, Conners, Paige M. (2024): A new species of freshwater crab from the East Usambara Mountains of Tanzania, East Africa, with a redescription of Telphusa infravallata Hilgendorf, 1898 (Brachyura: Potamoidea: Potamonautidae). Zootaxa 5538 (4): 339-356, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5538.4.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5538.4.3
C50387EEFFECB35E34CAE07BEAD10451.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Carapace lateral margin smooth, lacking teeth (Fig. 1 A, B); S 3 / 4 distinct, U-shaped, completely traversing sternum (Fig. 1 A, B); margins of thoracic sternite S 4 low (Fig. 2 B, C); cheliped carpus distal tooth small, pointed (Fig. 3 D); inferior margins of cheliped merus each lined by distinct small teeth, distal meral tooth small (Fig. 3 C); G 1 TA slim, tapering to slightly upcurved tip, dorsal lobe low, with tufts of long setae proximally, otherwise smooth (Fig. 4 A – E).	en	Cumberlidge, Neil, Conners, Paige M. (2024): A new species of freshwater crab from the East Usambara Mountains of Tanzania, East Africa, with a redescription of Telphusa infravallata Hilgendorf, 1898 (Brachyura: Potamoidea: Potamonautidae). Zootaxa 5538 (4): 339-356, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5538.4.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5538.4.3
C50387EEFFECB35E34CAE07BEAD10451.taxon	description	Description. Carapace surface smooth, widest in anterior third (CW / FW 3.0), medium height (CH / FW 1.0) (Figs. 1 A, B, 2 A), semi-circular, urogastric grooves deep; cardiac region weakly marked, cervical grooves short, faint; transverse branchial grooves faint (Fig. 1 A, B). Front about 1 / 3 carapace width (FW / CW = 0.3); frontal margin straight (Figs. 1 A, B, 2 A); exorbital tooth small, blunt; epibranchial tooth reduced to granule; postfrontal crest sharply defined, complete, traversing entire carapace; carapace lateral margin posterior to epibranchial tooth smooth (Fig. 1 A, B). Branchiostegite with two sutures, one longitudinal (epimeral), one vertical, dividing carapace sidewall into suborbital, subhepatic, pterygostomial regions, all smooth (Fig. 2 A, B). Third maxillipeds filling entire oral field, except for transversely oval efferent respiratory openings at superior lateral corners; third maxilliped long exopod with flagellum; ischium with broad, deep vertical sulcus (Fig. 3 E). Mandibular palp consisting of basis plus two articles; terminal article undivided, with small hardened ridge on superior margin at junction between articles (Fig. 3 F). Anterior, posterior male thoracic sternum surface completely smooth; outer margins of S 4 low; sternal sutures S 1 / 2 obscure, S 2 / 3 completely traversing sternum; S 3 / 4 distinct, U-shaped, completely traversing sternum; thoracic episternal sulci S 4 / E 4, S 5 / E 5, S 6 / E 6, S 7 / E 7 all faint (Fig. 2 B, C). Male right (major) chela dactylus (movable finger) slightly arched, broad, cutting edge lacking teeth except for two low teeth proximally; propodus pollex (fixed finger) broad, cutting edge with three medium teeth proximally; tips of both fingers touching when chela closed, enclosing long narrow interspace; major chela propodus palm enlarged, swollen, lower margin distinctly concave (Fig. 3 A). Male left (minor) chela dactylus long, slim, straight, cutting edge lacking teeth; propodus pollex cutting edge lacking teeth; tips of both fingers touching when chela closed, enclosing long narrow interspace; propodus lower margin almost straight (Fig. 3 B). Cheliped merus stout; cheliped merus inferior margins lined by small teeth, distal meral tooth small (Fig. 3 C, D); cheliped carpus inner margin distal tooth medium sized, pointed; proximal tooth small, pointed, followed by granule (Fig. 3 D); ambulatory legs P 2 – 5 stout, distal limb articles (merus, carpus, propodus, dactylus) not elongated; dactyli of P 2 – 5 tapering to point, each bearing four rows of downward-pointing sharp bristles (Fig. 1 A). Male pleon, telson together forming slim triangle; pleon edges slightly indented; telson triangular, apex rounded, base broadest, sides sloping outward; pleomeres PL 1 – 6 rectangular, wider than long, PL 6 longest, more than 1 / 2 as long as wide; remaining pleomeres short, less than 1 / 3 as long as wide (Fig. 2 C). G 1 TA about 1 / 3 G 1 SA length (G 1 TA / G 1 SA 0.3), angled outward at 45 ° to longitudinal axis of G 1 SA; G 1 TA slim, tapering evenly to slightly upcurved tip, dorsal lobe low, with tufts of long setae proximally, otherwise smooth (Fig. 4 A – E). G 1 SA widest at base, narrowest at G 1 TA-G 1 SA junction; basal G 1 SA mesial, lateral margins smooth (Fig. 4 A, B). G 2 TA long, flagellum-like, about 0.5 × G 2 SA length (G 2 TA / G 2 SA 0.5) (Fig. 5 A). G 2 SA (Fig. 4 F) long, slim, subequal to G 1 SA; G 2 SA widest at base, tapering sharply inward about one-third along length, distal 2 / 3 rds forming long, thin, tapering, upright process (Fig. 4 F). Size. Small-bodied species, adult size range between CWs 15.6 – 18.6 mm. Color. The color of living specimens is unknown, but specimens preserved in ethanol are light brown.	en	Cumberlidge, Neil, Conners, Paige M. (2024): A new species of freshwater crab from the East Usambara Mountains of Tanzania, East Africa, with a redescription of Telphusa infravallata Hilgendorf, 1898 (Brachyura: Potamoidea: Potamonautidae). Zootaxa 5538 (4): 339-356, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5538.4.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5538.4.3
C50387EEFFECB35E34CAE07BEAD10451.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. Tanzania, Amani Area, East Usambara Mountains (- 5.083333, 38.666667, 801 m ASL).	en	Cumberlidge, Neil, Conners, Paige M. (2024): A new species of freshwater crab from the East Usambara Mountains of Tanzania, East Africa, with a redescription of Telphusa infravallata Hilgendorf, 1898 (Brachyura: Potamoidea: Potamonautidae). Zootaxa 5538 (4): 339-356, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5538.4.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5538.4.3
C50387EEFFECB35E34CAE07BEAD10451.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species name, “ picus ” (from the Latin for woodpecker), is a reference to the long, pointed tapering G 1 TA that resembles a stout woodpecker beak, together with the unusual distinctive tuft of long setae at the base of the terminal article of this species gives the G 1 TA a resemblance to the head of the cartoon character Woody Woodpecker, the mascot of Universal Pictures. The specific epithet is given a masculine ending and is used as a Latin noun in the genitive singular.	en	Cumberlidge, Neil, Conners, Paige M. (2024): A new species of freshwater crab from the East Usambara Mountains of Tanzania, East Africa, with a redescription of Telphusa infravallata Hilgendorf, 1898 (Brachyura: Potamoidea: Potamonautidae). Zootaxa 5538 (4): 339-356, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5538.4.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5538.4.3
C50387EEFFECB35E34CAE07BEAD10451.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Arcopotamonautes picus sp. nov. is known from a single locality in the East Usambara Mountain range in northeastern Tanzania (Fig. 11).	en	Cumberlidge, Neil, Conners, Paige M. (2024): A new species of freshwater crab from the East Usambara Mountains of Tanzania, East Africa, with a redescription of Telphusa infravallata Hilgendorf, 1898 (Brachyura: Potamoidea: Potamonautidae). Zootaxa 5538 (4): 339-356, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5538.4.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5538.4.3
C50387EEFFECB35E34CAE07BEAD10451.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat. See ‘ Habitat’ for A. infravallatus below.	en	Cumberlidge, Neil, Conners, Paige M. (2024): A new species of freshwater crab from the East Usambara Mountains of Tanzania, East Africa, with a redescription of Telphusa infravallata Hilgendorf, 1898 (Brachyura: Potamoidea: Potamonautidae). Zootaxa 5538 (4): 339-356, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5538.4.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5538.4.3
C50387EEFFE8B34834CAE7E0EA5E01ED.taxon	description	(Figs. 5 – 11)	en	Cumberlidge, Neil, Conners, Paige M. (2024): A new species of freshwater crab from the East Usambara Mountains of Tanzania, East Africa, with a redescription of Telphusa infravallata Hilgendorf, 1898 (Brachyura: Potamoidea: Potamonautidae). Zootaxa 5538 (4): 339-356, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5538.4.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5538.4.3
C50387EEFFE8B34834CAE7E0EA5E01ED.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: ZMB 11378, adult male (CW 23.4, CL 15.4, CH 7.4, FW 6.5 mm), Tanzania, Bulwa, East Usambara Mountains (- 5.037767, 38.640919, 880 m ASL), coll. Eismann.	en	Cumberlidge, Neil, Conners, Paige M. (2024): A new species of freshwater crab from the East Usambara Mountains of Tanzania, East Africa, with a redescription of Telphusa infravallata Hilgendorf, 1898 (Brachyura: Potamoidea: Potamonautidae). Zootaxa 5538 (4): 339-356, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5538.4.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5538.4.3
C50387EEFFE8B34834CAE7E0EA5E01ED.taxon	materials_examined	Other material examined. ZMB 8522, adult male (CW 22.4, CL 16.8, CH 6.8, FW 6.0 mm), Tanzania, Amani Area, East Usambara Mountains (- 5.099956, 38.633290, 906 m ASL), coll. Conradt. NMU TRW 1966.12 a, 3 subadult and adult males (CWs 19.8 – 22 mm), adult female (CW 24.1 mm), 2 subadult females (CWs 21.4, 19.8 mm), Tanzania, Amani Area, East Usambara Mountains, coll. J. N. Raybould, May 1966. NMU TRW 1967.11, adult female (CW 22.8 mm), Tanzania, West Usambara Mountains, Milinga River, Tewe near Mlalo (- 4.525656, 38.346324, 956 mm ASL), coll. J. N. Raybould, 18 February 1967. NMU TRW 1970.09, 7 subadult and adult males (CWs 17.6 – 25.6 mm), 2 adult females (CWs 27.0, 24.2 mm), 3 subadult females (CWs 18.7 – 20.0 mm), 2 juveniles (CWs 11.6, 10.9 mm), juvenile female (CW 13.0 mm), Tanzania, Amani Area, East Usambara Mountains, coll. J. N. Raybould, 1970. NMU TRW 1975.01, 1 specimen, Tanzania, West Usambara Mountains, 3 km north of Mazumbai (- 4.792501, 38.504478, 1,413 m ASL), coll. Dunbar, 13 February 1975.	en	Cumberlidge, Neil, Conners, Paige M. (2024): A new species of freshwater crab from the East Usambara Mountains of Tanzania, East Africa, with a redescription of Telphusa infravallata Hilgendorf, 1898 (Brachyura: Potamoidea: Potamonautidae). Zootaxa 5538 (4): 339-356, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5538.4.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5538.4.3
C50387EEFFE8B34834CAE7E0EA5E01ED.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Exorbital tooth small, pointed (Figs. 5 A – C, 7 A, B); margins of thoracic sternite S 4, distinctly raised, thickened (Fig. 8 B); S 3 / 4 U-shaped, distinct at margins faint in middle (Fig. 8 B, C); medial inferior margin of cheliped merus lined by small teeth, lateral inferior margin lined by granules, distal meral tooth small (Fig. 9 C, D); cheliped carpus inner margin distal tooth large pointed, proximal tooth extremely small but pointed (Fig. 9 C); male right (major) chela dactylus robust, straight, not curved, with three small teeth proximally (Fig. 9 A); G 1 TA stout, cone-like with short setae along length, tapering to pointed tip (Fig. 10 A – C).	en	Cumberlidge, Neil, Conners, Paige M. (2024): A new species of freshwater crab from the East Usambara Mountains of Tanzania, East Africa, with a redescription of Telphusa infravallata Hilgendorf, 1898 (Brachyura: Potamoidea: Potamonautidae). Zootaxa 5538 (4): 339-356, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5538.4.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5538.4.3
C50387EEFFE8B34834CAE7E0EA5E01ED.taxon	description	Description. Carapace surface smooth, widest in anterior third (CW / FW = 3.2), medium height (CH / FW 1.3) (Figs. 5 A, 7 A, B), semi-circular, urogastric grooves deep; cardiac region weakly marked, cervical grooves short, faint, transverse branchial grooves faint (Figs. 5 A, 7 A, B). Front width about 1 / 3 carapace width (FW / CW 0.3); frontal margin straight (Fig. 8); exorbital tooth small, pointed; epibranchial tooth reduced to granule; postfrontal crest sharply defined, complete, crossing entire carapace, meeting epibranchial teeth; carapace lateral margin posterior to epibranchial tooth smooth (Figs. 5 A – C, 7 A, B). Branchiostegite with two granulated sutures, one longitudinal (epimeral), one vertical, dividing carapace sidewall into suborbital, subhepatic, pterygostomial regions, each with smooth surface (Figs. 5 B, C, 8 B). Third maxillipeds filling entire oral field, except for transversely oval efferent respiratory openings at superior lateral corners; third maxilliped exopod with long flagellum, ischium with deep vertical sulcus (Figs. 8 B, 9 E). Mandibular palp consisting of basis plus two articles; terminal article undivided, with small hardened ridge at junction between articles (Fig. 9 F, G). Margins of thoracic sternite S 4, distinctly raised, thickened; sternal sulci S 1 / 2, S 2 / 3 completely traversing sternum; S 3 / 4 U-shaped, distinct at margins faint in middle; thoracic episternal sulci S 4 / E 4 distinct, S 5 / E 5, S 6 / E 6, S 7 / E 7 all obscure (Fig. 8 B, C). Male right (major) chela dactylus (movable finger) short, robust, straight, not curved, with three well-spaced medium teeth interspersed by small teeth; propodus pollex (fixed finger) broad, cutting edge with four medium teeth proximally, several small teeth distally; tips of both fingers touching when closed, enclosing long slim interspace; major chela propodus palm enlarged, swollen, propodus lower margin convex (Fig. 9 A). Male left (minor) chela dactylus long, slim, gently curved, lined by small teeth; propodus pollex slim, slender, with four medium teeth proximately, rest lined by small teeth; tips of both fingers touching when closed enclosing long slim interspace; propodus palm slim, not enlarged (0.6 × height of major chela propodus palm), propodus elongated (as long as that of major chela), lower margin slightly concave (Fig. 9 B). Cheliped merus stout, distinctly shorter than CW, medial inferior margin lined by small teeth, lateral inferior margin lined by granules; distal meral tooth small (Fig. 9 C, D); cheliped carpus inner margin distal tooth large, pointed, proximal tooth extremely small, pointed (Fig. 9 C); distal limb articles of ambulatory legs P 2 – 5 (merus, carpus, propodus, dactylus) stout, not elongated; dactyli of P 2 – 5 tapering to point, each bearing 4 rows of downward-pointing sharp bristles (Fig. 7 A). Male pleon, telson together forming slim triangle, pleon edges slightly indented; telson triangular, apex rounded, base broadest, sides outwardly sloping; pleomeres PL 1 – 6 rectangular, wider than long, PL 6 longest, more than 1 / 2 as long as wide; remaining pleomeres short, less than 1 / 3 as long as wide (Fig. 8 B, C). G 1 TA about 1 / 3 G 1 SA length (G 1 TA / G 1 SA 0.3), angled outward at 45 ° to longitudinal axis of G 1 SA; G 1 TA stout, cone-like with short setae along length, tapering to pointed tip (Fig. 10 A, B, D). G 1 SA widest at base, narrowest at TA-SA junction; basal G 1 SA mesial margin lined by long setae; G 1 SA lateral margin smooth (Fig. 10 A, B). G 2 SA (Fig. 10 C) long, slim, subequal to G 1 SA; G 2 SA widest at base, tapering sharply inward about one-third along length, last two-thirds forming long, thin, tapering, upright process supporting long flagellum-like G 2 TA (G 2 TA / G 2 SA 0.62) (Fig. 10 C). Size. Small-bodied species, adult between CWs 22.5 – 27.0 mm. Color. The color of living specimens is unknown, but specimens preserved in ethanol are light brown.	en	Cumberlidge, Neil, Conners, Paige M. (2024): A new species of freshwater crab from the East Usambara Mountains of Tanzania, East Africa, with a redescription of Telphusa infravallata Hilgendorf, 1898 (Brachyura: Potamoidea: Potamonautidae). Zootaxa 5538 (4): 339-356, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5538.4.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5538.4.3
C50387EEFFE8B34834CAE7E0EA5E01ED.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. Tanzania, East Usambara Mountains, Bulwa (- 5.583224, 37.507317) (Fig. 11).	en	Cumberlidge, Neil, Conners, Paige M. (2024): A new species of freshwater crab from the East Usambara Mountains of Tanzania, East Africa, with a redescription of Telphusa infravallata Hilgendorf, 1898 (Brachyura: Potamoidea: Potamonautidae). Zootaxa 5538 (4): 339-356, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5538.4.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5538.4.3
C50387EEFFE8B34834CAE7E0EA5E01ED.taxon	distribution	Distribution. This species is found in four localities in the East and West Usambara Mountains of Tanzania above 800 m ASL.	en	Cumberlidge, Neil, Conners, Paige M. (2024): A new species of freshwater crab from the East Usambara Mountains of Tanzania, East Africa, with a redescription of Telphusa infravallata Hilgendorf, 1898 (Brachyura: Potamoidea: Potamonautidae). Zootaxa 5538 (4): 339-356, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5538.4.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5538.4.3
C50387EEFFE8B34834CAE7E0EA5E01ED.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat. Arcopotamonautes infravallatus and A. picus sp. nov. are both found in the montane habitats of the tropical cloud forests in the highlands of the East Usambara Mountains of northeastern Tanzania. The East and West Usambara Mountains are a biodiversity hotspot that lies between Mount Kilimanjaro and the coast and are part of the Eastern Arc Mountain range, a group of highlands in Tanzania that extend southward ending with the Udzungwa and Mahenge Mountains. Amani (the collection locality of both species) is now included in the Amani Nature Forest Reserve, a protected area in the Tanga Region of Tanzania. At Amani, A. infravallatus was collected from a tiny spring in an area with no surface water that had been cleared for cultivation but subsequently covered with ground vegetation. Crabs were taken either from their holes dug in mud or from under stones.	en	Cumberlidge, Neil, Conners, Paige M. (2024): A new species of freshwater crab from the East Usambara Mountains of Tanzania, East Africa, with a redescription of Telphusa infravallata Hilgendorf, 1898 (Brachyura: Potamoidea: Potamonautidae). Zootaxa 5538 (4): 339-356, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5538.4.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5538.4.3
C50387EEFFE8B34834CAE7E0EA5E01ED.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Identification of specimens assigned to A. infravallatus was based on comparisons with the adult male type of Telphusa infravallata Hilgendorf, 1898 (CW 23.4, CL 15.4, CH 7.4, FW 6.5 mm) (ZMB 11378) in the Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin, Germany. Rathbun (1905) and Chace (1942) both recognized this species but each reassigned it to a different genus, Potamon (Potamonautes) and Potamon respectively. Bott (1955) synonymized T. infravallata with Potamon (Potamonautes) usambarae Rathbun, 1933, and this is accepted here, following comparison of T. infravallata with the adult male cotype of P. (P.) usambarae from Amani in the Usambara Mountains (CW 22.8 mm) (MCZ 7680). Subsequent authors (Reed & Cumberlidge 2006; Ng et al. 2008) treated this species as Potamonautes infravallatus, and Cumberlidge & Daniels (2022) treated it as Arcopotamonautes infravallatus. Chace (1942) recognized Potamon usambarae and Thelphusa infravallata as two separate species, but that opinion is not followed here. In addition, several authors (Balss 1929, 1936; Bott 1955) included A. infravallatus as a junior synonym of A. johnstoni (Miers, 1885), a large species from Mt. Kilimanjaro, Tanzania, but this is not recognized here. In the present work, two lots of specimens from the West Usambara Mountains (NMU TRW 1970.09; TRW 1966.12 b) previously assigned to A. xiphoidus Reed & Cumberlidge (2006) were identified here as belonging to A. infravallatus following comparison with the holotype of A. xiphoidus. In addition, two lots of specimens from Amani, East Usambara Mountains (NMU TRW 1967.11 and NMU TRW 1975.01) previously assigned to A. infravallatus by Reed & Cumberlidge (2006) were identified as belonging to A. xiphoidus Reed & Cumberlidge, 2006 following comparison with the holotype of A. xiphoidus. Comparisons. The genus Arcopotamonautes (Bott, 1955) currently comprises 17 species from the D. R. Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Zambia (Cumberlidge & Daniels 2022; Cumberlidge & Jonas 2024). Arcopotamonautes picus sp. nov. and A. infravallatus are assigned to this genus because they conform to the diagnosis provided by Cumberlidge & Daniels (2022: 1291). For example, in both species the postfrontal crest is distinct and completely traverses the carapace, the epibranchial tooth is reduced to a small granule, and the posterior carapace sulci are all distinct (Figs. 1 A, B, 7 A, B). Arcopotamonautes picus sp. nov. and A. infravallatus can be distinguished from A. suprasulcatus (Hilgendorf, 1898) and A. bellarussus (Daniels, Phiri & Bayliss, 2014) by the form of the G 1 TA, which is slim and cone-shaped in A. picus sp. nov. (Fig. 4 A – C) and stout and cone-shaped in A. infravallatus (Figs. 6 C, 10 A, B, D) (versus slim, curved, and needle-like in A. suprasulcatus and A. bellarussus (see Daniels et al. 2014: fig. 5 A, B )). Arcopotamonautes picus sp. nov. and A. infravallatus can be distinguished from A. xiphoidus (Reed & Cumberlidge, 2006) by the form of the G 1 TA, which is has a tuft of long setae proximally in A. picus sp. nov. (Fig. 4 A – C) and short setae all along its length in A. infravallatus (Figs. 6 C, 10 A, B, D) (versus a G 1 TA that lacks setae in A. xiphoidus (see Reed & Cumberlidge 2006: figs. 171 – 172 )). Arcopotamonautes picus sp. nov. and A. infravallatus can be distinguished from A. orbitospinus (Cunnington, 1907) from Lake Malawi and A. platynotus (Cunnington, 1907) from Lake Tanganyika by the form of the carapace lateral margin which is smooth and lacks teeth in A. picus sp. nov. (Fig. 1 A, B) and A. infravallatus (Figs. 5 A, 7 A, B) (versus a carapace lateral margin that has several teeth behind the epibranchial tooth in A. orbitospinus (see Reed & Cumberlidge 2006: pl. V, A, B; fig. 42 (as Potamonautes lirrangensis), and A. platynotus (see Reed & Cumberlidge 2006: fig. 94 )). Arcopotamonautes picus sp. nov. and A. infravallatus can be distinguished from A. platycentron (Hilgendorf, 1897) from Lake Chala (Kenya and Tanzania) by the form of the cheliped carpus distal tooth, which is small but pointed in A. picus sp. nov. (Fig. 3 D) and A. infravallatus (Figs. 6 D, 7 A, 9 C) (versus extremely broad and blunt in A. platycentron (see Reed & Cumberlidge 2006: figs. pl. IX, A )). Arcopotamonautes picus sp. nov. can be distinguished from A. unisulcatus (Rathbun, 1933) by the sulci on the anterior thoracic sternum, where the S 3 / 4 is distinct and completely traverses the thoracic sternum in A. picus sp. nov. (Fig. 2 B) (versus a S 3 / 4 that is deep at sides and obscure in the middle in A. unisulcatus (see Reed & Cumberlidge 2006: fig. 130 )). Arcopotamonautes picus sp. nov. can be distinguished from A. amosae (Cumberlidge, Johnson, Clark & Genner, 2021), A. caputanatis (Cumberlidge, Fastiggi & Clark, 2019), A. johnstoni (Miers, 1885), A. raybouldi (Cumberlidge & Vannini, 2004), A. gerdalensis (Bott, 1955) and A. montivagus (Chace, 1953) by the form of the G 1 TA, which comprises low dorsal and ventral lobes and lacks a distinct crest in A. picus sp. nov. (Fig. 4 A, B, D, E) and A. infravallatus (Fig. 10 A, B, D) (versus a G 1 TA where the dorsal lobe and / or ventral lobe has a distinct raised rounded crest in A. amosae, A. caputanatis, A. johnstoni (see Reed & Cumberlidge 2006: figs. 151, 152), A. raybouldi (see Reed & Cumberlidge 2006: figs. 165, 166), A. gerdalensis (see Reed & Cumberlidge 2006: figs. 147, 148), and A. montivagus (see Chace 1953: fig. 3 e – g, j )). Arcopotamonautes picus sp. nov. can be distinguished from A. infravallatus by the sulci on the anterior thoracic sternum, where the S 3 / 4 is distinct and completely traverses the thoracic sternum in A. picus sp. nov. (Fig. 2 B, C) (versus a S 3 / 4 that is U-shaped, distinct at margins and faint in the middle in A. infravallatus; Figs. 5 B, C, 8 B, C); by the margins of thoracic sternite S 4, which are low in A. picus sp. nov. (Fig. 2 B, C) (versus distinctly raised and thickened in A. infravallatus; Figs. 5 B, C, 8 B, C); by the inferior margins of the cheliped merus which are each lined by large teeth in A. picus (Fig. 3 C, D) (versus cheliped merus inferior margins lined by small faint granules in A. infravallatus; Figs. 6 C, D, 9 C, D); and by the G 1 TA which is a slim cone with a tuft of long setae proximally in A. picus sp. nov. (Fig. 4 A, B, D – F) (versus a G 1 TA which is a stout cone with short setae all along its length in A. infravallatus; Figs. 6 E, 10 A, B, D).	en	Cumberlidge, Neil, Conners, Paige M. (2024): A new species of freshwater crab from the East Usambara Mountains of Tanzania, East Africa, with a redescription of Telphusa infravallata Hilgendorf, 1898 (Brachyura: Potamoidea: Potamonautidae). Zootaxa 5538 (4): 339-356, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5538.4.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5538.4.3
