identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
C516B31AFFC1FFDAFC21057BFE0D5450.text	C516B31AFFC1FFDAFC21057BFE0D5450.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cladolabes kirara Yamana & Iwaoka & Hyakutake 2014	<div><p>Cladolabes kirara sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 1–7)</p><p>Material examined. Holotype, WMNH-2013-INV-5 (anaesthetized; length 97.6 mm, width 19.4 mm). Paratypes: WMNH-2013-INV-3 (anaesthetized; length 61.2 mm, width 21.7 mm); WMNH-2013-INV-4 (anaesthetized; length 120.0 mm, width 31.3 mm); WMNH-2013-INV-6 (anaesthetized; length 66.2 mm, width 20.1 mm); WMNH- 2013-INV-7 (anaesthetized; length 86.0 mm, width 19.9 mm); WMNH-2013-INV-8 (unanaesthetized; length 43.9 mm, width 28.4 mm); WMNH-2013-INV-9 (unanaesthetized; length 34.0 mm, width 18.7 mm); WMNH- 2013-INV-10 (unanaesthetized; length 51.8 mm, width 30.1 mm); WMNH-2013-INV-11 (unanaesthetized; length 46.4 mm, width 23.7 mm); WMNH-2013-INV-12 (unanaesthetized; length 48.3 mm, width 20.8 mm).</p><p>WMNH: Wakayama Prefectural Museum of Natural History.</p><p>Description. Appearance of anaesthetized specimens not drastically changed by fixation; general colour also not much affected by fixation/preservation (Fig. 1 A–C). Tentacles and introvert dark brown. Twenty dendritic tentacles in double circle (15 + 5), including five pairs of large interradial tentacles and five single small radial tentacles in outer circle and five very small radial tentacles in inner circle (Fig. 2). Body fusiform, generally variegated with blackish-grey and ochre-yellow colours; mouth anterior, anus posterior, no anal teeth; pedicels forming two longitudinal rows along each radius throughout entire body length, each row with approximately 60–130 pedicels (Fig. 1 A–D, Table 1).</p><p>Radial elements of calcareous ring each composed of large, slender piece, constricted in middle of its anterior half, with anterior and posterior notches and with pair of long, narrow, fragile chains of small, thin, spongiform segments attached posteriorly (Fig. 3A, B); shorter radial elements tending to be narrower (Table 1). Inter-radial elements of calcareous ring with no large piece, composed of single, posteriorly bifurcate chain of small, thin, spongiform segments.</p><p>Up to 20 Polian vesicles and more than 30 stone canals present, fewer in smaller specimens (Table 1; these all entangled and difficult to count accurately); gonad tubules branched.</p><p>Only one type of ossicle found in abdominal-side interradial tentacle: finely branched rods, mean length 53–63 µ m, mean width of central stem 3.5–4.3 µ m (Fig. 4A, B, Table 2). No large rods such as those found in some species of the dendrochirotid genus Colochirus Troschel, 1846 confirmed in any specimen.</p><p>Two types of ossicle present in introvert: 1) two-pillared tables with short spire and large disc, and 2) two-pillared tables with high spire and rudimentary disc (Fig. 5A, B, Table 3). In three counted paratypes, former type of ossicle dominant in anterior part of introvert: mean abundance there of tables with short spires 93–100%, mean width of discs 80–91 µ m, mean number of disc holes 3.7–8.1, all depending on specimen. Latter type of ossicle abundant posteriorly in introvert: mean abundance there of tables with high spires 23–100%, mean width of discs 57–78 µ m, mean number of disc holes 0.9–2.7, depending on specimen.</p><p>Mainly two types of ossicle found in body integument: 1) two-pillared tables with rudimentary discs and distally united pillars; and 2) two-pillared tables with completely degenerated discs (Fig. 6A, B, Table 4). Abundance of each type significantly different among three specimens observed (Χ 2 test, P &lt;0.05), but not among six sites in the body (Χ 2 test, P&gt;0.05). Former ossicle type dominant at all six sites: mean abundance 68–97%, depending on specimen, with row of one to five holes between two thick pillars (52–73% with two holes, depending on specimen). Height and width of those with two holes significantly different among the three specimens (Kruskal-Wallis test, P &lt;0.05), but not among the six body sites (Kruskal-Wallis test, P&gt;0.05): mean height 102–126 µ m, mean width 42–47 µ m, depending on specimen. Latter type of ossicle less abundant: mean abundance 3–27%, depending on specimen. Pillars of both types of ossicle frequently with small lateral perforations, and also frequently with several apical spines (cf. Fig. 5, ip).</p><p>Mainly three types of ossicle present in pedicels: 1) endplates, 2) plates, and 3) two-pillared tables with rudimentary discs (Fig. 7A, B, Table 5). Tables abundant, 50–64% in total in three examined paratypes; endplates and plates less common. Shape of tables variable, mostly with two holes. Endplates with approximately 276–906 holes (mean 499–827, depending on specimen); diameter 415–703 µ m (mean 567– 663 µ m, depending on specimen). Plates with 2–19 holes (mean 6.4–9.1, depending on specimen); width 101–238 µ m (mean 140–165 µ m, depending on specimen).</p><p>aTwo-pillared, with short spire with 0–1 cross-beams (or holes).</p><p>bTwo-pillared, with high spire with 2–4 cross-beams (or holes).</p><p>Distribution. So far known only from the type locality, Bojima Island, west coast of Nagasaki Prefecture, Kyushu, Japan.</p><p>Ecology. At the type locality, the new species co-occurred with the following species of sea cucumbers: Holothuria (Lessonothuria) pardalis Selenka, 1867, Afrocucumis africana (Semper, 1867), Stolus buccalis (Stimpson, 1855), and Lipotrapeza sp.</p><p>Etymology. The specific name kirara, a noun in apposition from the Japanese, meaning “mica” or alluding to “the state or quality of being beautifully shiny”, was given after the name of the aquarium of the Saikai Pearl Sea Resort, which is near the sampling site.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C516B31AFFC1FFDAFC21057BFE0D5450	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Yamana, Yusuke;Iwaoka, Chikako;Hyakutake, Kanako	Yamana, Yusuke, Iwaoka, Chikako, Hyakutake, Kanako (2014): A New Species of Cladolabes (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida: Sclerodactylidae) from Nagasaki, Japan, with Partial Redescription of the Neotype of C. limaconotus. Species Diversity 19 (1): 21-33, DOI: 10.12782/sd.19.1.021, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12782/sd.19.1.021
C516B31AFFC5FFD5FECE016AFEE75668.text	C516B31AFFC5FFD5FECE016AFEE75668.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cladolabes limaconotus Brandt 1835	<div><p>Cladolabes limaconotus Brandt, 1835</p><p>(Figs 8–10)</p><p>Cladolabes limaconctos [sic] Brandt, 1835: 57 (“ limacontos ” in footnote).</p><p>Cladolabes limaconotos [sic] Brandt 1836: 187 (indicated as “Nov. spec.”).</p><p>Cladolabes limacondos [sic]: Selenka 1867: 331.</p><p>Holothuria limaconotus: Selenka 1867: 331 .</p><p>Orcula limaconotus: Ludwig 1881: 589 .</p><p>Phyllophorus limaconotus: Oshima 1918: 147 .</p><p>Cladolabes limaconotus: Heding and Panning 1954: 123; Imaoka 1995: 557; Rowe and Gates 1995: 322.</p><p>Material examined. ZMUC-HOL-301, neotype, July 1893, 25 fathoms (i.e., ca. 46 m) deep, 33°5′N, 128°22′E, Nagasaki, Japan .</p><p>Description. Body 150 mm long, 50 mm wide, fusiform, curved, mouth anterior, anus posterior, no anal teeth; body colour bleached brown; pedicels around body, not radial (Fig. 8). Twenty dendritic tentacles in double circle (15+5). Numerous Polian vesicles and stone canals. Main part of calcareous ring consisting of 10 elements (five radii+five inter-radii), thick, not fragmented, possessing very short, thin, spongiform posterior prolongations (Fig. 9). Only one type of ossicle in examined tentacle: finely branched rods (Fig. 10A). Introvert with two type of ossicles: 1) two-pillared tables with large disc and short spire; and 2) two-pillared tables with small disc and spire ending in cluster of spines (Fig. 10B). Body-wall integument mainly with one type of ossicle: two-pillared tables with small disc and spire ending in cluster of spines (Fig. 10C).</p><p>Distribution. Boulder shore of Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands (Brandt 1835); offshore of Nagasaki, 25 fathoms (i.e., ca. 46 m) deep (Heding and Panning 1954).</p><p>Remarks. The morphological account given by Heding and Panning (1954) was so precise and accurate that our observation yielded no taxonomic novelty or necessity for correction. However, the photograph of the general appearance of the body (Fig. 8), as well as the newly reported ossicle morphology of a tentacle and the introvert (Fig. 10A, B), may be useful in future studies of the systematics of Cladolabes .</p><p>Nomenclature. Due to wide acceptance by later authors, we consider that the specific name limaconotus should be maintained as valid, as stipulated in Article 33.3.1 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1999), although this spelling is not from Brandt’s (1835) original work, but from Selenka (1867). In the original description, Brandt (1835) gave the etymology in a footnote, stating (in Latin) that the name alludes to the similarity of the appearance of the dorsum of this new holothurian to that of slugs. Although significantly disturbed by printer’s errors in the original description— limaconctos in the heading and limacontos in the footnote (Brandt 1835: 257)—, neither of which spelling contains a Latin or Greek root referring to “dorsum”, the author’s true intention appears to have been actualized in the succeeding publication (Brandt 1836), namely limaconotos, which is clearly derived from limacis (Latin, “of slug”) and notos (Greek, “dorsum”). Nonetheless, this latter spelling cannot be adopted as the “correct original spelling” because it was not a demonstrably intentional correction (i.e., not an emendation) and because incorrect transliteration (to “ nctos ” or “ ntos ” instead of “ notos ”) is not considered an inadvertent error (Article 32.5.1). The original footnote did not include the Greek word “ notos ”, either in the Greek or Latin alphabet, which would have provided clear evidence of an inadvertent error. Without explanation, Selenka (1867) altered the ending from -os to -us, probably trying to avoid a Latin–Greek hybrid. This incorrect subsequent spelling (Article 33.3), limaconotus, was consistently adopted by later workers, however (e.g., Ludwig 1881: 589; Lampert 1885: 169; Théel 1886: 149; see also the synonymy above). As a result of this prevailing usage (under Article 33.3.1), it is to be maintained as valid.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C516B31AFFC5FFD5FECE016AFEE75668	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Yamana, Yusuke;Iwaoka, Chikako;Hyakutake, Kanako	Yamana, Yusuke, Iwaoka, Chikako, Hyakutake, Kanako (2014): A New Species of Cladolabes (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida: Sclerodactylidae) from Nagasaki, Japan, with Partial Redescription of the Neotype of C. limaconotus. Species Diversity 19 (1): 21-33, DOI: 10.12782/sd.19.1.021, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12782/sd.19.1.021
